IND: Support for the National Action Plan on Climate Change

Final Report September 2011 Appendix 5, 6,7 and 8 Supporting Appendices PREPARED FOR Government of India Governments of Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu Asian Development Bank Supporting Appendices Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 6 Summary of Meetings and Consultations 7 Terms of Reference 8 Study Tour Report 1 Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for the Sub Basins A. Objectives of the pilot sub basins 2 B. Snow Fed Basins 2 C. Ground Water Basins 3 D. Coastal Areas . 6 E. Selection 8 F. Summary 12 Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 2 A. Objectives of the pilot sub basins 1. The NAPCC TA will undertake studies in three selected pilot sub-basins to develop strategic frameworks for addressing existing issues and likely scenarios of climate change. Framework planning would be applied to identify key issues, including surface, groundwater as well as the related water sectors including environment. The plans would set out broad strategies and programs to meet the needs of increased robustness and resilience of water systems against climate uncertainty, increasing water demand and environmental requirements. The pilot basins have been selected based on the type and likely degree of sensitivity to climate change. The basin selection should incorporate three major areas of concern: (i) alterations of winter snow-pack dynamics from climate change, (ii) basins or sub- basins where groundwater is major water source with issues and (iii) coastal areas where sea level rise will have impacts on surface and groundwater, together with increased flood risk. 2. The studies will be based around 'focal states' within the selected sub basins. Where sub- basins cover a number of states, other states will be incorporated as 'associate states'; to be consulted and studied to a lesser degree to support the main stream studies for the focal states. The selection of the three pilot sub basins are described below. B. Snow Fed Basins Alterations to snow pack dynamics causing downstream impacts Issues: Temperature changes are likely to cause changes in the hydrologic flow regimes due to reduction of dry season flows in the North Indian Plains from reduced snow and glacier melt and increased runoffs during the monsoon. Focal state will be the impact area in plain immediately below the mountains States in lower reaches of snow fed rivers can be considered as Associate States To access data and planning for the mountains the mountain part should be in India 21 possible sub basins have been identified from this a short list of 5 basins and 4 states( Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Assam) have been identified. Table 1 Short listing of Snow Fed Basins # Basin/Sub Basin Locations of snow Description of Appropriateness for Sub Basin Candidate and glacier water Impacts Areas in study Short list Focal State sources India (P-plain, M- mountain,) A INDUS 1 Indus China, Jammu & Jammu & Kashmir No plain impact No Kashmir (M) area 2 Chenab Himachal Himachal (M) and No plain impact No Jammu & Kashmir area (M) 3 Beas Himachal Himachal (M), Plain area in Punjab Yes Punjab Punjab (P) 4 Satluj China, Himachal Himachal (M), Irrigation, Flood, Yes Punjab Punjab (P), GW Haryana Haryana (P) 5 Ravi Himachal Himachal, Punjab Plain impact area No (P) very small 6 Shyok China, Jammu & Jammu & Kashmir No plain impact No Kashmir (M) area 7 Zhob Jammu & Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir No plain impact No (M) area B GANGA 8 Yamuna up to Delhi Uttaranchal, Haryana (P), Uttar Irrigation, Flood Yes Uttar Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 3 # Basin/Sub Basin Locations of snow Description of Appropriateness for Sub Basin Candidate and glacier water Impacts Areas in study Short list Focal State sources India (P-plain, M- mountain,) Himachal Pradesh (P), Pradesh Rajasthan (P), Delhi (P) 9 Ganga (Haridwar to Uttaranchal Uttar Pradesh (P), Irrigation, Flood Yes Uttar Kanpur) Bihar (P), West Pradesh Bengal (P) 10 Sarda Uttaranchal, Nepal Uttar Pradesh Snow/glaciers lie No partially in Nepal 11 Ghaghara Nepal Snow/glaciers lie No outside India 12 Gandak Nepal Snow/glaciers lie No outside India 13 Kosi Nepal Snow/glaciers lie No outside India 14 Ramganga Uttaranchal Uttaranchal Plain impact area No Uttar Pradesh very small 15 Ajay, Banas, Betwa, Chambal, Gomti, Kasai, Mayurakhi, Ken, Non-glaciated sub-basins Rupnarayan, Sind, Sone C BRAHMAPUTRA 16 Brahmaputra China, Bhutan, Arunachal Appropriate- Yes Assam Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh(M), possibly consider Assam(P) upper part above Tezpur 17 Teesta Sikkim, China, Sikkim (M), West Plain impact area No Bhutan, Nepal Bengal (P) very small 18 Manas Bhutan Assam (P) Plain impact area No very small 19 Kameng Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Plain impact area No Pradesh (M), very small Assam (P) 20 Subansiri Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Plain impact area No Pradesh (M), very small Assam (P) 21 Dibang Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Plain impact area No Pradesh (M), very small Assam (P) D Rest of the sub-basins are non-glaciated C. Ground Water Basins Where groundwater is a major water source with significant over exploitation issues Issues: Over exploitation of groundwater is one of the most serious water issues in India Climate change will affect the recharge of already depleted groundwater systems Increased variability of surface water resources will put increased pressure on groundwater Properly managed and sustainable groundwater can provide a important buffer to rainfall irregularities and deficiencies in the surface water systems. Selection: Sub basins will selected based on the levels of over abstraction based on groundwater data compiled by the Central Groundwater Board Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 4 1. Assessment of Groundwater by Basin 3. A broad assessment of groundwater by basin is presented in Table 2 below. Of the nineteen basins six have been identified as being critical. The information by basin is too broad so it is proposed to prepare an assessment based on states. Table 2 Groundwater by Basin # No. of No of Over Indicative Basin Blocks Exploited(OE) & % of OE and critical assessment Critical blocks blocks 1 Indus 398 160 40 Critical 2 GANGA 2245 248 11 2.1 Brahmaputra 350 0 2.2 Barak 83 0 3 GODAVARI 606 109 18 4 KRISHNA 635 145 23 5 CAUVERY 241 106 44 Critical 6 PENNAR 205 85 42 Critical EFR between Mahanadi 7 and Pennar 332 21 6 EFR between Pennar Critical 8 and Kanyakumari 369 162 44 9 MAHANADI 287 0 10 BAITARNIand Brahmani 168 0 11 SUBARNAREKHA 104 0 12 SABARMATI 70 27 39 13 MAHI 94 22 23 14 Luni 208 105 51 Critical 15 NARMADA 168 7 4 16 TAPI 111 7 6 17 WFR from Tapi to Tadri 151 1 0.7 WFR from Tadri to 18 Kanyakumari 280 37 14 19 Areas of inland drainage 37 27 74 Critical 2. Assessment of Groundwater by State 4. Information on the status of groundwater is collected by the Central Ground Water Board by State. Key data on ground water from the Central groundwater board is presented in Table 3 below. A simple ranking of groundwater issues has been applied to support the sub-basin selection process as below. o The stage of groundwater development o The percentage of over exploited and critical blocks o The annual draft (groundwater extraction) o The number of areas notified 5. Based on an average of the four ranking methods an overall ranking of the basins has been presented in Table 3. From the ranking six states are selected for short listing . 5 Table 3 Summary of Groundwater by State S. Name Area km2 Rainfall Nr Nr Blocks Annual Re Net Annual Annua1 Stage of Over Critical Semi Areas % Ranking Assessment No. maximum Districts plenishable Groundwate Ground Ground water exploited Blocks Critical notified for Overexploite Rank Stage Rank%OE Rank Rank Areas Average (mm) Ground r Availability water Draft development Blocks (Nr) (nr) reg of GW d and critical of Developm and Critical Annual Notified rank water (BCM) BCM (BCM) (%) (Nr) (Nr) blocks ent Draft 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 Punjab 50,632 780 17 138 24 21 31 145 103 5 4 6 78.3 2 3 2 4 2.8 short list 2 Rajasthan 1,483 712 32 236 12 10 13 125 140 50 14 12 80.5 3 2 7 1 3.3 short list 3 Haryana 53,484 1523 13 78 9 9 9 109 55 11 5 8 84.6 4 1 12 2 4.8 short list 4 Tamil Nadu 44,212 615 32 384 23 21 18 85 142 33 57 0 45.6 5 5 3 10 5.8 short list 5 Uttar Pradesh 342,239 504 32 236 76 70 49 70 37 13 88 1 21.2 7 9 1 7 6.0 short list 6 Madhya Pradesh 130,058 995 30 384 37 35 17 48 24 5 19 7 7.6 10 11 4 3 7.0 short list 7 Delhi 3,702 1999 2 12 0 0 0 170 7 0 0 3 58.3 1 4 19 5 7.3 8 Gujarat 38,863 3073 14 154 16 15 11 76 31 12 69 1 27.9 6 7 9 7 7.3 9 AndraPradesh 275,069 1113 23 1125 37 33 15 45 219 77 175 3 26.3 13 8 6 5 8.0 10 Karnataka 307,713 1433 35 231 16 15 11 70 65 3 14 0 29.4 8 6 11 10 8.8 11 Maharashtra 191,791 1779 27 175 33 31 15 48 7 1 23 0 4.6 11 13 5 10 9.8 12 West Bengal 196,024 1243 25 184 30 27 12 42 0 1 37 1 0.5 14 14 8 7 10.8 13 Uttrakhand 10,492 1927 4 17 2 2 1 66 2 0 3 0 11.8 9 10 17 10 11.5 14 Kerala 155,707 1502 30 314 7 6 3 47 5 15 30 0 6.4 12 12 15 10 12.3 15 Bihar 308,000 917 48 459 29 27 11 39 0 0 0 0 - 15 15 10 10 12.5 16 Assam 88,752 2074 18 341 27 25 5 22 0 0 0 0 - 18 15 13 10 14.0 17 Orissa 74,438 2262 23 219 23 21 4 18 0 0 0 0 - 21 15 14 10 15.0 18 Chattisgarh 222,236 998 14 123 15 14 3 20 0 0 8 0 - 20 15 16 10 15.3 19 Jharkhand 55,673 1340 12 69 6 5 1 21 0 0 0 0 - 19 15 18 10 15.5 20 Himachal Pradesh 22,327 1927 9 34 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 - 16 15 22 10 15.8 21 Goa 22,429 2050 7 32 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 - 17 15 23 10 16.3 22 Jammu/Kashmir 7,096 3494 4 8 3 2 0 14 0 0 0 0 - 23 15 20 10 17.0 23 Tripura 16,579 1927 8 52 2 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 - 24 15 21 10 17.5 24 Sikkim 83,743 3000 13 59 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 - 22 15 24 10 17.8 25 Nagaland 21,081 1927 8 22 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 - 25 15 25 10 18.8 26 Manipur 240,928 1279 70 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 27 15 26 10 19.5 27 Meghalaya 94,163 1231 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 15 27 10 20.0 28 Mizoram 79,714 917 18 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 26 15 29 10 20.0 6 D.

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