DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 16 Road Sector Development Plan 16.1 Road Network

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 16 Road Sector Development Plan 16.1 Road Network Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report Chapter 16 Road Sector Development Plan 16.1 Road Network Improvement Plan 16.1.1 Introduction As mentioned in Chapter 13.5, the main policies of the transport sector in the National Transport Plan is to develop a transport network system to support economic growth, assist social activities so as to decrease regional disparities, and to develop infrastructure resilient to the impact of climate change. This chapter discusses the various measures to realize the policies established. 16.1.2 Planning Methodology Figure 16.1.1 illustrates the planning process of the road network development plan. The development projects or the candidate projects that will contribute in improving the existing road network will be selected by integrating the projects that are being implemented or are on the course of planning by MTI with the proposed improvement works to improve the present road network. Present Road Network On-going and Planned Projects Planning Concept Proposed Improvement Works Proposed Road Network Development Projects (Candidate Projects) Figure 16.1.1 Planning Process of Road Network Development Plan Source: JICA Study Team 16.1.3 Present Road Network Although, the total road network in Nicaragua totals to 23,647km, only the basic road network under the jurisdiction of MTI, which totals to approximately 8,517 km (trunk road and collector road) will be targeted for road network development plan. 16.1.4 Integration of On-going and Planned Projects On-going projects and planned projects for fiscal year 2014-2016 were identified and those that needed to be included in the NTP were selected. Currently, there are some projects that are on-going. There are some more that has been planned for implementation in MTI’s investment plan for 2014-2016. The lists of these projects are provided in chapter 8. Where the on-going projects are mostly related to renovation of existing roads, many of the planned projects are yet to find a financial resource for commencement of construction work. Therefore, these projects, with an 16-1 Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report exception to the three projects mentioned below, have been included in the improvement works in the NTP. The three projects hereunder are on-going and are expected to be completed shortly. The first two projects are related to new construction. However, these roads are planned in the NTP to be upgraded to a higher class from its present class as mentioned in the succeeding section. The third project is rehabilitation of NIC-21A from El Pajero to Muy Muy. i) NIC-71 (Nueva Guinea to Bluefields) ii) Nueva Esperanza to El Tortuguero iii) NIC-21A (El Paraíso to Muy Muy) 16.1.5 Planning Concept Figure 16.1.2 illustrates the basic concept of the improvement works for realizing the road sector D development strategies A mentioned in the previous D chapter. Concept ‘A’ targets enhancing intermodal connectivity and multimodal transport systems by strengthening the principal corridors that would minimize the travel time between the Atlantic side and Pacific Side B international class ports. A Concept ‘B’ targets C improvement of the existing roads in high potential productive area to reduce the C vehicle operation cost and enhance the industrial Figure 16.1.2 Planning Concept activities. Source: JICA Study Team Concept ‘C’ aims to provide reasonable access to strengthen communications and regional activities of communities in the eastern side of the country that currently have no accessible roads. Concept ’D’ aims to establish road network resilient to natural disasters to minimize adverse effect on life of people and economy due to damages to infrastructure induced by natural disasters. The basic directions followed in planning the improvement works are as follows: i) Utilization of existing roads to the possible extent ii) Enhancement of Functional and hierarchical road network iii) Securing safe and stable road and structures iv) Maintaining service level v) Guide future land use 16.1.5.1 Functions and Characteristics of Roads and Design Standard Nicaragua applies SIECA Standards, which is complemented by the American standards recommended by AASHTO. Although the SIECA standard is based on AASHTO, certain criteria are seen to vary from by AASHTO recommendations, mainly because of modifications undertaken to adapt to the regional conditions. One such example is the standards for widths (lanes, shoulders, sidewalks). It not only differs from the recommended values of AASHTO, but also do not correspond to the functional classification. 16-2 Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report Therefore, the study recommends application of AASHTO’s standard for planning the roads. The proposed functions, characteristics and major design criteria are recommended as shown in Table 16.1.1. The cross sections to be applied for each class are shown in Figure 16.1.3 and Figure 16.1.4, which is followed by brief explanation of each cross section elements. Table 16.1.1 Proposed Functions, Characteristics and Design Standard ARTERIALS COLLECTORS Class Secondary Local Roads Item Main Trunk Secondary Trunk Main Collectors Collectors Function Important road Important road Important road Important road Important road network for Central network for network for network for network for American Region Nicaragua at a Nicaragua at a Nicaragua at a Nicaragua at a and connect National Level and regional level, regional level, municipality level departmental connect Connect with one or connect regions or and Lies under capitals and departmental more departmental municipalities to the MTI jurisdictions economical centers capitals, important capitals with national road but do not meet with populations economic centers as population over network, connect the requirements over 50,000 people. well as provide 10,000 people, regions or of upper category access to border connect urban areas municipalities with roads posts and connect not covered by more than 5,000 primary arterials arterials and connect population to the secondary arterials. national road network Correspondence Central American Primary National Secondary National Tertiary National Municipality to SIECA Road Road Road Road Road classification Mesoamerican Highway Traffic Flow AADT 1000 or more ⋜500<1000 approximately 500 50 or more 50 or less (vehicles per day) Design Traffic 17 – 18 by lane (ADT) (International 10 – 12 10 – 12 10 – 12 (Unit: Corridors) (9 in case of 2-lane) (9 in case of 2-lane) thousand) 10 – 12 for others Design Speed 100, 80, 60 80, 60, 50 60, 50, 40 50,40,30 40, 30, 20 (km/h) Target Speed 60 40 30 20 20 (km/h) Right of Way 40m 40m 40m 20m 20m (m) Level of B B C,D C,D D Service Lane Width (m) 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 Median Width 6.0 -10.0 2.0 – 9.0 3.0 – 4.8 3.0 – 4.8 None (m) Urban only Shoulder (m) 0.6 - 2.5 0.6 - 1.8 0.6 – 1.5 0.3 - 1.2 0.5 Sidewalk (m) 2.0 – 4.5 2.0 – 4.5 2.0 – 3.5 If required If required Urban only Note 1: Service Level B: Reasonably free flow, C:Stable flow D:Approaching unstable flow Note 2: Number of lane is decided based on future traffic demand forecast Source: Red Vial Nicaragua 2011, MTI and AASHTO 16-3 Nicaragua National Transportation Plan 16 - 4 Final Report Figure 16.1.3 Proposed Standard Cross Section for Main Trunk Road (Urban Area) Source: JICA Study Team Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report Figure 16.1.4 Proposed Standard Cross Section for Each Functional Claffication Source: JICA Study Team 16-5 Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report (1) Pavement Type Pavement type selection is a management decision process. The successful application of the pavement-type selection process requires a multidisciplinary approach and needs to take into account various factors such as construction cost (initial and life cycle cost), design life, traffic type, traffic volume, functional classification, ambient climate condition etc. Roads in Nicaragua have either asphalt, concrete, adoquín, or gravel pavement. The main trunk roads and most of the secondary trunk roads and collector roads in the western side of the country basically have asphalt pavement. Concrete pavement is observed in the eastern part of the country. The improvement works proposed in the NTP assumes application of asphalt pavement. In general, the study team recommends asphalt concrete on all roads, particularly the trunk roads. Generally asphalt pavement has advantages from the point of view of initial investment cost, repair, maintenance, splitting and cracking, and driving formability compared with hydraulic concrete. Application of concrete pavement or adoquín can be considered on collector roads, especially in the eastern side of the country where traffic volume is less and the materials are locally available and it does not require high level technology or heavy special equipment to construct. It also generates employment opportunities for the community. However, it should be noted that the pavement type and structure should be determined based on the actual requirements of the site. (2) Drainage facilities The major reason for deterioration of road condition is improper drainage system. Adequate drainage facilities are recommended to be provided in all roads in the urban area and along the following segments of a rural road. lowest section of a sag curve, where the longitudinal grade (profile) exceeds 3 percent, a cut section (rain from the road side in-flows to the road), creek or streams, and swampy area, rivers or watershed area, (3) Road Ancillary facilities To endorse safety and smooth operation of traffics, provision of road ancillary facilities is important and these facilities should comply with the standards of the country. Recommendation for provision on the roads proposed is discussed hereunder.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • República De Nicaragua
    000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 Podriwas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 5 5 1 1 Biltignia y REPa ÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA ka Kukalaya c a o m MINISTERIOB DE TRANSPORTE E INFRAEASTRUCTURA Planta El Salto WW ii ww ii ll íí dd ee DIVISIÓN GENERAL DE PLANIFICACIÓN JJ ii nn oo tt ee gg aa Elefante Blanco is MAPA MUNICIPAL DE SIUNA P La Panama is P BONANZA RED VIAL INVENTARIADA POR TIPO DE SUPERFICIE Plan Grande ¤£414 Río Sucio y a BB oo nn aa nn zz aa c (Amaka) 0 o a 0 0 o 0 0 B in 0 0 W 0 5 5 5 5 1 Murcielago 1 Mukuswas Ojochal Minesota El Naranjal Lugar Tablazo Kalangsa Españolina a k a m A Los Placeres SS aa nn JJ oo ss éé El Cacao B o dd ee BB oo cc aa yy ca y y a c o B El Cocal Wihilwas 0 0 0 0 0 Bam 0 ba 0 n 0 a 4 Fruta de Pan 4 5 y 5 a 1 1 c Kalmata o B Lugar Kalmata San Pablo Lugar Betania y El Salto El Ojochal a c o B B o c a y B o R o s i t a c R o s i t a a U y li 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 El Dos 0 3 3 5 W Sipulwas San Antonio 5 B 1 a 1 o n de Banacruz c i a y Loma El Banasuna Divisadero Las Delicias El Consuelo Yakalwas Cerro Las Américas Ayapal La Florida Ayapal El Carao Turuwasitu ¤£277 Talavera Ulí Turuwas Abajo San Martin El Edén Los Blandones Pueblo Amado F.
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterizacion Socio Economica De La Raan
    Fundación para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Agropecuario y Forestal de Nicaragua (FUNICA) Fundaci ón Ford Gobierno Regional de la RAAN Caracterización socioeconómica de la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) de Nicaragua ACERCANDO AL DESARROLLO Fundación para el Desarollo Tecnológico Agropecuario y Forestal de Nicaragua (FUNICA) Fundación Ford – Gobierno Regional Elaborado por: Suyapa Ortega Thomas Consultora Revisado por: Ing. Danilo Saavedra Gerente de Operaciones de FUNICA Julio de 2009 Caracterización Socioeconómica de la RAAN 2 Fundación para el Desarollo Tecnológico Agropecuario y Forestal de Nicaragua (FUNICA) Fundación Ford – Gobierno Regional Índice de contenido Presentacion ...................................................................................................................... 5 I. Perfil general de la RAAN .............................................................................................. 7 II. Entorno regional y demografía de la RAAN.................................................................... 8 III. Organización territorial ................................................................................................ 11 3.1 Avance del proceso de demarcación y titulación .................................................... 11 IV. Caracterización de la RAAN ....................................................................................... 13 4.1 Las características hidrográficas .......................................................................... 13 Lagunas.......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Demobilizing and Integrating the Nicaraguan Resistance 1990-1997
    The International Commission for Support and Verification Commission (CIAV) Demobilizing and Integrating the Nicaraguan Resistance 1990-1997 ii Acknowledgements: This paper is a summary English version, written by Fernando Arocena, a consultant to CIAV-OAS, based on the original Spanish report: “La Comisión Internacional de Apoyo y Verificación, La Desmovilización y Reinserción de la Resistencia Nicaragüense 1990 – 1997”, prepared by Héctor Vanolli, Diógenes Ruiz and Arturo Wallace, also consultants to the CIAV-OAS. Bruce Rickerson, Senior Specialist at the UPD revised and edited the English text. This is a publication of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. The ideas, thoughts, and opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the OAS or its member states. The opinions expressed are the responsibility of the authors. Correspondence should be directed to the UPD, 1889 "F" Street, N.W., 8th Floor, Washington, DC, 20006, USA. Copyright ©1998 by OAS. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced provided credit is given to the source. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS................................................................................................................................ix READER'S GUIDE ..................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................xiii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • REPÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA 1 Biltignia ¤£ U Kukalaya K Wakaban a Sahsa Sumubila El Naranjal Lugar Karabila L A
    000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 Lugar Paso W a s p á m Mina Columbus Cuarenta y Tres El Paraiso Wawabun UKALAYA awa Llano Krasa K La Piedra San Miguel W La Unión Tingni 0 487 0 0 Podriwas Mani Watla 0 0 ¤£ Empalme de 0 0 Grey Town La PAlmera 0 6 Sukat Pin 6 5 5 K 451 Santa Rosa 1 REPÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA 1 Biltignia ¤£ U Kukalaya K Wakaban A Sahsa Sumubila El Naranjal Lugar Karabila L A Y MINISTERIOP laDnta EEl Sa ltoTRANSPORTE E INFRAESTRUCTURA A Leimus Dakban Risco de Oro Yulu Dakban DIEVlefaIntSe BIlaÓncoN GENERAL DE PLANIFICACIÓN Lawa Place Î La Panama Risco de Oro Kukalaya Cerro Krau Krau BONANZA B o n a n z a MAPA MUNRíIo CSucIioPAPLlan GDrandEe PRINZAPOLKA ¤£423 Rio Kukalaya W a w 414 (Amaka) Las Breñas a s ¤£ i 0 0 0 0 0 P Santa Clara 0 0 REs D VIAL INVENTARIADA POR TIPO DE SUPERFICIE 0 i P loma La 5 5 5 Murcielago Esmeralda La Potranca (Rio Sukat Pin 5 1 Industria 1 Ojochal Mukuswas Minesota Susun Arriba Kuliwas 410 Maderera o El Naranjal ¤£ A Sirpi) Y Wasminona La Luna A Españolina L A Klingna El Doce Lugar La K Susun U Potranca K El Cacao Los Placeres ¤£397 Kuliwas P u e rr tt o Klingna Landing El Corozo Empalme de C a b e z a s Wasminona ROSITA Î Karata Wihilwas El Cocal Cerro Liwatakan 0 Muelle 0 0 Bambanita 0 0 0 O 0 Cañuela Comunal 0 k 4 Buena Vista o 4 n 5 Kalmata Rio Bambana w 5 1 a 1 s Fruta de Pan La Cuesta Bambana Lugar Kalmata San Pablo de Alen B am R o s ii tt a KUKA Lapan b L a A n Y Î Omizuwas a A El Salto Lugar Betania Muelle Comunal Sulivan Wasa King Wawa Bar Cerro Wingku Waspuk Pruka 0 Lugar Kawibila 0 0 0 0 Cerro Wistiting 0 0 El Dos 0 3 San Antonio 3 5 de Banacruz 5 1 Banacruz 1 K UK A L Rio Banacruz A UKALA Y K YA Las Delicias A Banasuna Cerro Las El Sombrero Américas Pauta Bran L a El Carao y La Florida a s i Talavera k B s a Ulí am F.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifth Year Work Plan Cooperative Agreement No.: AID-524-A-10-00003
    Fifth Year Work Plan Cooperative Agreement No.: AID-524-A-10-00003 Performance Period: October 1, 2014 - September 30, 2015 August 2014 The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. 1 Contents 1. Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Demographic and HIV statistics. ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 HIV statistics generated by MoH ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2 HIV statistics by seroprevalence studies (CDC, GF, Others) .............................................................. 12 2.3 HVI statistics generated by PrevenSida ............................................................................................ 12 2.4 Estimated coverage for key population ............................................................................................ 13 3. Description and background of the HIV implementing mechanism in the country ........................... 13 4. Programs goals and strategic components within the PERFAR framework ....................................... 14 1. Technical Report ................................................................................................................................. 15 1.1 Overview of Approach ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 6-Months Operation Update Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota
    6-months Operation Update Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota Glide N°: TC-2020-000218-NIC Emergency Appeal N° MDR43007 TC-2020-000220-HND TC-2020-000222-GTM Operation update N° 3 Period covered by this update: 8 November 2020 Date of issue: 22 June 2021 to 15 May 2021 Timeframe: 18 months Operation start date: 8 November 2020 End date: 31 May 2022 Funding requirement (CHF): CHF 20 million As of 31 May 2021, 71 per cent of the Appeal has been covered. The IFRC kindly encourages increased donor support for this Emergency Appeal to enable host National Societies to continue to provide DREF initially allocated: CHF 1 million support to the people affected by Hurricanes Eta and Iota, primarily in the process of recovering their livelihoods, which were almost entirely devastated. Click here for the donor response. Number of people to be assisted: 102,500 people (20,500 families) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: American Red Cross, British Red Cross, French Red Cross, German Red Cross, Guatemalan Red Cross, Honduran Red Cross, Italian Red Cross, Nicaraguan Red Cross, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Norwegian Red Cross, Spanish Red Cross, Swiss Red Cross and Canadian Red Cross Society. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Guatemala: National Disaster Reduction Coordination (CONRED); Honduras: National Risk Management System (SINAGER); Nicaragua: National System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Care (SINAPRED); Regional Group on Risks, Emergencies and Disasters for Latin America and the Caribbean (REDLAC), Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), United Nations System agencies and programmes and Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) member organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • 02 De Julio 2021
    INSTITUTO NICARAGÜENSE DE ESTUDIOS TERRITORIALES (INETER) INFORME DE LLUVIAS DE LAS ÚLTIMAS 24 HORAS Y PRONÓSTICO DEL TIEMPO PARA EL 02 DE JULIO DE 2021 En las últimas 24 horas la red meteorológica nacional registró lluvias en 66 municipios: - Lluvias fuertes en 21 municipios: Chinandega, Villa Nueva, Rivas, Río Blanco, Matiguas, Boaco, Teustepe, Camoapa, Muy Muy, Juigalpa, Santo Domingo, Acoyapa, El Coral, Morrito, San Miguelito, El Ayote, Paiwas, Laguna de Perlas, Punta Gorda, Bluefields, El Rama. - Lluvias moderadas en siete (07) municipios: Tola, Matagalpa, San Lorenzo, El Almendro, Nueva Guinea, Muelle de los Bueyes, San Pedro del Norte. - Lluvias débiles en 38 municipios: Corinto, El Viejo, Larreynaga, Nagarote, Managua, San Francisco Libre, La Concepción, Nindirí, Villa El Carmen, Masatepe, Nandaime, Granada, Ometepe, Altagracia, Telpaneca, Murra, Jícaro, Quilalí, Condega, Somoto, Estelí, Wiwilí de Jinotega, Santa María de Pantasma, San José de Bocay, Jinotega, El Cuá, Tuma- La Dalia, San Isidro, San José de los Remates, San Carlos, El Castillo, San Juan de Nicaragua, Puerto Cabezas, Karawala, Waslala, Waspam, Rosita, Nueva Guinea, El Tortuguero. Para el día de hoy: Las bajas presiones mantendrán su predominio en Nicaragua, asociadas a la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (localizada al Sur-Oeste del Mar Caribe y Sur de Centroamérica). Esta situación atmosférica mantendrá el aporte de humedad hacia el interior del territorio nacional. Observaremos vientos predominantemente ligeros y de dirección Nor-Este / Este, ocasionalmente variable por la tarde/noche en las Regiones Pacifico y Norte; con rachas de vientos de 30/50 kmh en periodos de lluvias. Con probabilidades de lluvias dispersas y ligeras (a ocasionalmente moderadas) en las distintas regiones del país, mayormente en la Región Caribe Sur, Región Central, Zonas Sur y Occidental de la Región Pacifico, y en los litorales; con posibilidades de lluvias fuertes locales ocasionales.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Taller Material Didáctico
    Plan Nacional de Transporte de Nicaragua Informe de Transferencia Tecnológica 12vo Taller Material Didáctico 335 APP en General (Esta Presentación es Básicamente para las Carreteras de Peaje) Mitsuo Kiuchi APP Experto 1 Esquema de la Presentación 1. ¿Por qué APP? 2. ¿Qué es APP? [Tipos Básicos de Modalidad APP] 3. Condiciones Aplicables de los Tipos Básicos en la Modalidad APP 4. Ciclo de Proyecto APP 5. Riesgos de los proyectos APP 6. ¿Cuál es la clave del éxito de los proyectos APP? 7. APP para proyectos que no generen ingresos 336 2 1. ¿Por qué APP? 1.1 Definición de APP El termino “ Asociación Público Privada (APP)” describe una posibilidad de relación entre las entidades publicas y privadas en el contexto de infraestructura y otros servicios Fuente: Guía de Asociación Publico Privada (2008, ADB) 3 1. ¿Por qué APP? 1.2 Objetivos de APP 1) Movilización del Capital Privado Para ofrecer un servicio público necesario a la gente tan pronto como sea posible mediante la movilización del capital privado y reducir la carga financiera del sector público. La necesidad del sector privado de entrar en APP es buscar compensación por sus servicios a través de pagos, cargos por el servicio prestado, lo que resulta en un adecuado retorno de capital 337 4 1. ¿Por qué APP? 1.2 Objetivos del APP 2) Herramienta para una mayor Eficiencia El sector público tiene pocos incentivos en sus procesos y organización para manejar las estructuras de eficiencia y además está pobremente habilitada para construir de manera eficiente y operar la infraestructura Sin embargo, el sector privado, se compromete , en una inversión con los objetivos claros de maximizar ganancias incrementando la eficiencia en la inversión y en las operaciones, utilizando totalmente los conocimientos y habilidades del sector privado.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhotic Production in the Spanish of Bluefields, Nicaragua, a Language Contact Situation
    Rhotic production in the Spanish of Bluefields, Nicaragua, a language contact situation DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Karen Lopez Alonzo Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Terrell A. Morgan, Co-Advisor Dr. Rebeka Campos-Astorkiza, Co-advisor Dr. Anna Babel Copyrighted by Karen Lopez Alonzo 2016 Abstract This dissertation researches the production of rhotics in the Spanish of Bluefields, Nicaragua. This is a unique language contact situation between Spanish, the most recent language in the region, English/Kriol, Miskitu, and Sumo/Ulwa. Realizations of non- canonic rhotics have been reported in the Spanish of Bluefields speakers whose first language is not Spanish, and tap and retroflex realizations have been observed instead of the standard trill. The tap and the trill are recognized as normative in Spanish, and they are contrastive intervocalically. The rhotic observations in Bluefields are based on impressionistic descriptions (Lipski 2007; Rosales Solis 2008). Thus, to confirm and expand these earlier reports, I present a detailed sociophonetic study and explore the effect of different factors on rhotic production. I analyze linguistic factors (stress and phonological context) and sociolinguistic factors (first language, age and education level) that may influence the variation of these sounds. I study the distribution of the types of rhotics in four different positions: 1) Intervocalic (e.g. caro ‘expensive’ [ˈka.ɾo] vs. carro ‘car’ [ˈka.ro]); 2) The beginning of the word (e.g. ramo ‘bunch’ [ˈra.mo]); 3) Complex onsets (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture in Nicaragua: Performance, Challenges, and Options Public Disclosure Authorized November, 2015
    102989 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture in Nicaragua: Performance, Challenges, and Options Public Disclosure Authorized November, 2015 INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work with- out permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete informa- tion to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978- 750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-CLIMA: Integrated Climate Action to Reduce Deforestation and Strengthen Resilience in BOSAWÁS and Rio San Juan Biospheres
    FP146: Bio-CLIMA: Integrated climate action to reduce deforestation and strengthen resilience in BOSAWÁS and Rio San Juan Biospheres Nicaragua | CABEI | B.27/02 19 November 2020 Bio-CLIMA Nicaragua “Integrated climate action for reduced deforestation and strengthened resilience and in the Bosawas and Rio San Juan Biosphere Reserves” Annex 8a: Gender Assessment and Gender Action Plan September 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 4 I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Project Introduction from an Intercultural Gender Perspective .................................................. 5 1.2 Objective and Rationale of the Gender Assessment .......................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 7 III. Brief Historical Overview from a Gender Perspective of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Region since Independence ............................................................................................................................................... 8 IV. Constitutional, Legal and Institutional Framework of Gender Equality and Autonomy in Nicaragua and the Caribbean Coast Regions ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua's Failed Revolution
    NICARAGUA’S FAILED REVOLUTION THE INDIGENOUS STRUGGLE FOR SANEAMIENTO NICARAGUA’S FAILED REVOLUTION THE INDIGENOUS STRUGGLE FOR SANEAMIENTO Acknowledgements This report is dedicated to the courageous struggle of the Indigenous and Afro-descendent communities for Saneamiento in Nicaragua. The report was authored by Anuradha Mittal with contribution from Josh Mayer, research assistance by Elizabeth Fraser, Elena Teare, Naomi Maisel, Andy Currier, and Janhavi Mittal, and editorial assistance from Frederic Mousseau. Forests of the World provided the map on Current Land Use, Indigenous/Afro-descendent Territories and Protected Areas. Field research was conducted by Anuradha Mittal, with assistance from several individuals, who are not named so their long- term commitment to this work is not threatened. We are deeply grateful for their support. Names and details that could reveal the identity of those interviewed have been withheld to ensure their safety. The fear of invasions, killings, and kidnappings, that is silencing the Indigenous communities in Nicaragua, makes this report all the more urgent. We are deeply grateful to the many individual and foundation donors who make our work possible. Thank you. Views and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the Oakland Institute alone and do not reflect opinions of the individuals and organizations that have sponsored and supported the work. Design: Amymade Graphic Design, amymade.com Cover Photo: Miskitu villagers on the banks of Rio Coco. November 2018 All photos © The Oakland Institute Publisher: The Oakland Institute is an independent policy think tank bringing fresh ideas and bold action to the most pressing social, economic, and environmental issues. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
    [Show full text]