Bio-CLIMA: Integrated Climate Action to Reduce Deforestation and Strengthen Resilience in BOSAWÁS and Rio San Juan Biospheres
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FP146: Bio-CLIMA: Integrated climate action to reduce deforestation and strengthen resilience in BOSAWÁS and Rio San Juan Biospheres Nicaragua | CABEI | B.27/02 19 November 2020 Bio-CLIMA Nicaragua “Integrated climate action for reduced deforestation and strengthened resilience and in the Bosawas and Rio San Juan Biosphere Reserves” Annex 8a: Gender Assessment and Gender Action Plan September 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 4 I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Project Introduction from an Intercultural Gender Perspective .................................................. 5 1.2 Objective and Rationale of the Gender Assessment .......................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 7 III. Brief Historical Overview from a Gender Perspective of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Region since Independence ............................................................................................................................................... 8 IV. Constitutional, Legal and Institutional Framework of Gender Equality and Autonomy in Nicaragua and the Caribbean Coast Regions ............................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Constitution ................................................................................................................................ 10 4.2 Autonomy Statute and Laws, Including Collective Land Rights and Legal Pluralism .................. 11 4.3 Regional and Territorial Governments ....................................................................................... 13 4.4 Laws and Policies on Gender Equality ........................................................................................ 14 4.5 Laws on Violence against Women .............................................................................................. 15 4.6 Relevant Institutions for Gender Equality ................................................................................... 15 V. Climate Change, Forestry and Environment: Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework from a Gender Perspective ..................................................................................................................................... 16 5.1 Climate Change and Environment: Laws and Policy ................................................................... 16 5.2 Forestry Law and Policy .............................................................................................................. 16 5.3 Natural Resources and Protected Areas: Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework ................ 17 VI. Intercultural Gender Analysis in Nicaragua and the Caribbean Coast: Overview .......................... 18 6.1 Basic Demographic Statistics ...................................................................................................... 18 6.2 Education and Literacy ................................................................................................................ 21 6.3 Women, Decision-Making and Leadership ................................................................................. 22 6.4 Economic Activity ........................................................................................................................ 24 6.5 Gender Division of Labour and Access and Control of Resources at the Household Level ........ 25 6.6 Women Headed Households ...................................................................................................... 28 6.7 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................. 28 6.8 Health .......................................................................................................................................... 29 6.9 Migration Patterns ...................................................................................................................... 30 6.10 Religion and Spirituality .............................................................................................................. 30 6.11 Gender Equality Indices and Review of Data .............................................................................. 31 VII. Violence against Women and Girls in Nicaragua and the Caribbean Coast ................................... 32 2 7.1 Situation of Different Forms of Violence against Women, Girls and Adolescents ..................... 32 7.2 Access to Information, Health, Justice and Grievance Mechanisms .......................................... 34 7.3 Coordination and Coalitions for Redress and Prevention ........................................................... 36 VIII. Beliefs and Practices regarding Land, Climate Change, Forestry and Production in Bosawás and Indio Maíz.................................................................................................................................................... 37 8.1 Cosmovision, Beliefs and Practices regarding Land .................................................................... 37 8.2 Women’s Engagement in Land Disputes and Resolution Mechanisms ...................................... 38 8.3 Farming and Agriculture Practices: Pastures, Land, Forests, Cocoa and Silviculture ................. 39 8.4 Organizing Units for Production ................................................................................................. 41 8.5 Beliefs and Practices around Climate Change ............................................................................ 41 8.6 Current Impact and Future Risks of Climate Change .................................................................. 42 IX. Project Approach and Elements that Contribute to Intercultural Gender Transformative Change 43 9.1 Concepts and Principles .............................................................................................................. 43 9.2 Project Components, Outputs and Activities .............................................................................. 45 9.3 Gender Action Plans .................................................................................................................... 48 9.4 An Integral Approach to Violence against Women ..................................................................... 49 9.5 Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................ 50 9.6 Hiring and Procurement of Consultant Services ......................................................................... 51 9.7 Role and Capacity of Project Actors to Address Gender Issues .................................................. 51 9.8 Monitoring, Evaluation and Knowledge Management ............................................................... 52 9.9 Project Governance, Institutional Arrangements and Accountability for Gender Results ......... 53 X. Bio-CLIMA - GENDER ACTION PLAN .................................................................................................... 54 Annex 08b: Detailed Budget for Gender Action Plan (Excel) 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CR Caribbean Region ECLAC Economic Commission of Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL in Spanish) GAP Gender action plan GRUN Government of Reconstruction and National Unity GTI Indigenous (and/or Afro-descendant) Territorial Government INIDE National Institute of Development Information MARENA Ministry of Natural Resources MHCP Ministry of Finance and Public Credit PMU Project Management Unit RAAN North Atlantic Autonomous Region RAAS South Atlantic Autonomous Region RACCN North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region RACCS South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region SERENA Regional Secretariat of the Environment (RACCN and RACCS) 4 I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Introduction from an Intercultural Gender Perspective The “Integrated climate action to reduce deforestation and strengthen resilience in BOSAWAS and Rio San Juan Biospheres” project, called Bio-CLIMA, seeks to transform existing practices of extensive cattle ranching, agriculture and timber exploitation that cause deforestation and forest degradation into more intensive, deforestation-free production forms that integrate ecosystem conservation with production of goods and services for livelihoods. This will be carried out through three components with the following objectives: (i) provide farmers with capacities, technical assistance and solid financial incentives for sustainable intensification of their agricultural practices and on-farm resource conservation; (ii) create an enabling environment in which clear and simple norms, efficient local institutions and transparent governance promotes law enforcement, cuts red tape and environmental impunity; and (iii) strengthen local producer organizations and facilitate access to markets that recognize the real value of quality, sustainable production, climate action and biodiversity conservation. It will be implemented in the Caribbean Coast region (CR) of Nicaragua, which occupies 54% of the national territory, contains 80% of the country’s forestland, and where the majority of