DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeny of the Tribe Aveneae (Pooideae,Poaceae) Inferred from Plastid Trnt-F and Nuclear Its Sequences1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeny of the Tribe Aveneae (Pooideae,Poaceae) Inferred from Plastid Trnt-F and Nuclear Its Sequences1 American Journal of Botany 94(9): 1554–1569. 2007. PHYLOGENY OF THE TRIBE AVENEAE (POOIDEAE,POACEAE) INFERRED FROM PLASTID TRNT-F AND NUCLEAR ITS SEQUENCES1 ALEJANDRO QUINTANAR,2,4 SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO,2 AND PILAR CATALA´ N3 2Real Jardı´n Bota´nico de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; and 3Escuela Polite´cnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain New insights into evolutionary trends in the economically important oat tribe (Aveneae) are presented. Plastid trnT-F and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Aveneae–Poeae–Seslerieae complex (Pooideae, Poaceae) through Bayesian- and maximum parsimony-based analyses, separately and in combination. The plastid data identified a strongly supported core Aveneae lineage that separated from other former Aveneae and Poeae groups. Koeleriinae, Aveninae, and Agrostidinae emerged as the main groups of this core Aveneae, which also included other minor subgroups with uncertain relationships and a few former Poeae members. Several former Aveneae representatives were also placed in independent sublineages in Poeae. Seslerieae resolved as close allies of Poeae or Aveneae in the plastid and nuclear topologies, respectively. Because of the intermingling of some Aveneae and Seslerieae lineages in Poeae and vice versa, we propose to expand Poeae to include all the aforementioned lineages. This best reflects our current understanding of the phylogeny of these important temperate grasses and sheds light on their evolutionary history. Key words: Aveneae; grass systematics and evolution; molecular phylogenetics; plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data; Poeae; Pooideae; Seslerieae. The oat tribe, Aveneae Dumort. (including Agrostideae in temperate grassland formations in natural, less-disturbed Dumort.), is the second largest tribe in subfamily Pooideae areas (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986; Ro¨ser, 1997). Benth. and is one of the main groups of the grass family Aveneae classification and its taxonomical borders with its [Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnhart]. It includes the economically sister tribe Poeae R. Br. have varied historically depending on important oats, one of the most ancient food supplies for an author’s interpretations of the tribe’s morphologic hetero- humankind, and many of the most abundant grasses of geneity; consequently, the adscription of many of its genera has temperate ecosystems. It comprises about 57 genera and been problematical (Table 1). In modern classifications, 1050 species (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986) that inhabit Aveneae have been separated from Poeae (and partly from temperate-to-arctic regions throughout the world (Stebbins, Seslerieae Koch) based on the floral traits cited (Tzvelev, 1976; 1956; Stebbins and Crampton, 1961; Clayton, 1975, 1981; MacFarlane and Watson, 1982; Clayton and Renvoize, 1986; MacFarlane and Watson, 1980, 1982; Clayton and Renvoize, Watson and Dallwitz, 1992). Tzvelev (1989), however, did not 1986; MacFarlane, 1987; Watson and Dallwitz, 1992). recognize Aveneae but transferred their members to the large Traditionally, the Aveneae have been characterized by tribe Poeae, although Phleeae Dumort. (including Phalarideae morphologic traits related to their archtypical spikelet form of Kunth) was separated from Poeae. An increasing number of long glumes (relative to spikelet length) and a tendency toward phylogenetic studies in recent decades have helped to clarify a reduced number of flowers per spikelet, commonly 1, 2, or 2– evolutionary relationships within the subfamily Pooideae 3 per spikelet. Other, apparently derived, features of Aveneae (Soreng et al., 1990; Davis and Soreng, 1993; Nadot et al., include a soft endosperm with lipid energy reservoirs, which 1994; Hsiao et al., 1995; Catala´n et al., 1997; GPWG, 2001). However, the details of the phylogeny of Aveneae have presumably has adaptive value. Most of these features have remained largely unexplored. Most phylogenetic surveys been interpreted as resulting from evolutionary trends that have related to the avenoids have focused on particular genera, like yielded highly specialized taxa (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986; Helictotrichon (Grebenstein et al., 1998), Avena (Rodionov et Ro¨ser, 1997). al., 2005), Arrhenatherum (S. Nisa et al., unpublished data), Another remarkable feature of the tribe is the inclusion of a and Deschampsia (Chiapella, 2007). large radiation of annual genera, mostly in the pan-Mediter- The first phylogenetic study with a large sampling of ranean region, adapted to arid conditions and disturbance. Aveneae taxa was by Soreng and Davis (2000), who also These annual species usually colonize ephemeral, often- explored the relationships of its sister tribe Poeae. Their disturbed habitats, whereas most of the perennial taxa grow combined analysis of plastid restriction site data and structural data resulted in a consensus topology where the sister 1 Manuscript received 26 June 2006; revision accepted 11 July 2007. divergence of the main Aveneae and Poeae lineages was The authors thank J. Mu¨ller, R. Soreng, and C. Stace for valuable blurred by several admixtures of misplaced genera of the comments and revision of an earlier version of the manuscript; L. A. Inda, opposite tribe. Genera traditionally classified in Poeae, such as E. Pe´rez, M. Pimentel, and J. G. Segarra for their support and assistance in Briza, Chascolytrum Desv., Poidium Nees, and Torreyochloa the laboratory; and J. Mu¨ller, P. M. Peterson, M. Pimentel, M. Sequeira, R. J. Soreng, and the curators of the JACA, MA, and US herbaria for G. L. Church, were resolved as closely related to different providing fresh samples and herbarium materials for the analyses. This Aveneae lineages. Conversely, other genera formerly recog- work was subsidized by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a of Spain nized as Aveneae, like Avenula, Alopecurus, Holcus, and (projects REN2003-02818/GLO and REN2002-04634-C05-05). Phleum, were nested within different clades of Poeae. Finally, 4 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Soreng and Davis placed Aveneae within Poeae and recog- 1554 September 2007] QUINTANAR ET AL.—PHYLOGENY OF TRIBE AVENEAE 1555 nized a series of subtribes of Aveneae that were later expanded (except Duthieinae) were sampled and incorporated into the analysis. Our (Soreng et al., 2003). Past intertribal hybridization events were sampling includes representatives from subtribes Airinae Fr., Agrostidinae Fr., advocated as a plausible explanation for the present existence Alopecurinae Dumort., Anthoxanthinae A. Gray, Aveninae J. Presl, Beck- manniinae Nevski, Gaudiniinae Holub, Holcinae Dumort., Koeleriinae Asch. & of certain Avenae taxa with Poeae plastid genomes and vice Graebn., Miliinae Dumort., Phalaridinae Fr., Phleinae Dumort., and Ventena- versa, while most other cases were attributed to traditional tinae Holub (Appendix). The poorly studied subtribe Koeleriinae was more misclassifications (Soreng and Davis, 2000). The systematic exhaustively sampled in our study with a wide representation of the Koeleria and evolutionary placement of the tribe Seslerieae with respect and Trisetum taxa, as well as representatives of their supposedly allied genera to Aveneae and Poeae has also been debated (Table 1). Avellinia, Dielsiochloa, Graphephorum, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, and Ven- Seslerieae includes several genera characterized by their tenata. Sampling of the sister tribe Poeae (32 taxa, 20 genera) included representatives of the main lineages of this group, i.e., the subtribes Loliinae strongly condensed inflorescences, often subtended by glume- and its close allies Parapholiinae Caro, Cynosurinae Fr., and Dactylidinae like bracts. The few molecular studies on single representatives Stapf, and Poinae and its close ally Puccinelliinae Soreng & J. I. Davis, for of Sesleria (Soreng and Davis, 2000; Catala´n et al., 2004; which new sequences were provided (Appendix), plus other lineages with an Gillespie et al., 2006) indicated that this genus was close to unexpectedly close relation to Aveneae (Briza) or an uncertain attribution and either Aveneae or Poeae, but the relationships were not relationships (Anthochloa, Catabrosa, Cinna, Scolochloa, etc.) (Table 1). satisfactorily resolved. Duthieinae Potzal, which was subsumed Representatives of Seslerieae (Tzvelev, 1976) (Table 1) also were included in our survey (three genera, four taxa; Appendix). Our systematic scheme follows by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) under Aveneae but is the tribal and subtribal circumscriptions proposed by Tzvelev (1976) and characterized by primitive traits such as havingthree lodicules Watson and Dallwitz (1992), and the generic ordering of Tutin et al. (1980). and three stigmas, was considered distantly related to Pooideae but rather close to Arundinoideae Burmeist. (Watson and DNA isolation, amplification, and sequencing—Leaf tissue from either Dallwitz, 1992) or Stipeae Dumort. (Soreng et al., 2003). fresh silica-gel-dried materials or herbarium vouchers was ground to powder in There is a current and increasing interest in the boundaries of liquid nitrogen. Total DNA was isolated from each sample following the Aveneae and the evolutionary relationships among Aveneae procedures of the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen (Qiagen group, F. lineages and the closely allied Poeae and Seslerieae. Conse- Hoffmann—Spain Izasa S.A.)). The plastid trnT-F was amplified and sequenced separately for the trnT-L and trnL-F subregions using external quently, we initiated an extended phylogenetic survey
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A REVISION of TRISETUM Victor L. Finot,' Paul M
    A REVISION OF TRISETUM Victor L. Finot,' Paul M. Peterson,3 (POACEAE: POOIDEAE: Fernando 0 Zuloaga,* Robert J. v sorene, and Oscar Mattnei AVENINAE) IN SOUTH AMERICA1 ABSTRACT A taxonomic treatment of Trisetum Pers. for South America, is given. Eighteen species and six varieties of Trisetum are recognized in South America. Chile (14 species, 3 varieties) and Argentina (12 species, 5 varieties) have the greatest number of taxa in the genus. Two varieties, T. barbinode var. sclerophyllum and T longiglume var. glabratum, are endemic to Argentina, whereas T. mattheii and T nancaguense are known only from Chile. Trisetum andinum is endemic to Ecuador, T. macbridei is endemic to Peru, and T. foliosum is endemic to Venezuela. A total of four species are found in Ecuador and Peru, and there are two species in Venezuela and Colombia. The following new species are described and illustrated: Trisetum mattheii Finot and T nancaguense Finot, from Chile, and T pyramidatum Louis- Marie ex Finot, from Chile and Argentina. The following two new combinations are made: T barbinode var. sclerophyllum (Hack, ex Stuck.) Finot and T. spicatum var. cumingii (Nees ex Steud.) Finot. A key for distinguishing the species and varieties of Trisetum in South America is given. The names Koeleria cumingii Nees ex Steud., Trisetum sect. Anaulacoa Louis-Marie, Trisetum sect. Aulacoa Louis-Marie, Trisetum subg. Heterolytrum Louis-Marie, Trisetum subg. Isolytrum Louis-Marie, Trisetum subsect. Koeleriformia Louis-Marie, Trisetum subsect. Sphenopholidea Louis-Marie, Trisetum ma- lacophyllum Steud., Trisetum variabile E. Desv., and Trisetum variabile var. virescens E. Desv. are lectotypified. Key words: Aveninae, Gramineae, Poaceae, Pooideae, Trisetum.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytolacca Esculenta Van Houtte
    168 CONTENTS BOSABALIDIS ARTEMIOS MICHAEL – Glandular hairs, non-glandular hairs, and essential oils in the winter and summer leaves of the seasonally dimorphic Thymus sibthorpii (Lamiaceae) .................................................................................................. 3 SHARAWY SHERIF MOHAMED – Floral anatomy of Alpinia speciosa and Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae) with particular reference to the nature of labellum and epigynous glands ........................................................................................................... 13 PRAMOD SIVAN, KARUMANCHI SAMBASIVA RAO – Effect of 2,6- dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) on secondary wall deposition and lignification in the stem of Hibiscus cannabinus L.................................................................................. 25 IFRIM CAMELIA – Contributions to the seeds’ study of some species of the Plantago L. genus ..................................................................................................................................... 35 VENUGOPAL NAGULAN, AHUJA PREETI, LALCHHANHIMI – A unique type of endosperm in Panax wangianus S. C. Sun .................................................................... 45 JAIME A. TEIXEIRA DA SILVA – In vitro rhizogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) ....... 51 KATHIRESAN KANDASAMY, RAVINDER SINGH CHINNAPPAN – Preliminary conservation effort on Rhizophora annamalayana Kathir., the only endemic mangrove to India, through in vitro method ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band
    Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Report
    THE APPLICATION OF PHYTOLITH AND STARCH GRAIN ANALYSIS TO UNDERSTANDING FORMATIVE PERIOD SUBSISTENCE, RITUAL, AND TRADE ON THE TARACO PENINSULA, HIGHLAND BOLIVIA ___________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri, Columbia ___________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ___________________________________________________________________ By AMANDA LEE LOGAN Supervisor: Dr. Deborah M. Pearsall AUGUST 2006 Dedicated to the memory of my grandmother Joanne Marie Higgins 1940-2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a great number of people who have helped in this process in passing or in long, detailed conversations, and everything in between. First and foremost, many thanks to my advisor, Debby Pearsall, for creative and inspired guidance, and for taking the time to talk over everything from the smallest detail to the biggest challenges. Debby introduced me to the world of phytoliths, and then to the wonders of starch grains, and encouraged me to find and pursue the issues that drive me. My committee has been very helpful and patient, and made my oral exams and defense far more enjoyable then expected—Dr. Christine Hastorf, Dr. Bob Benfer, and Dr. Randy Miles. Dr. Benfer was crucial in helping me sort through the statistical applications. I also benefited tremendously from conversations with and advice from my cohorts in the MU Paleoethnobotany lab, or as we are better known, the “Pearsall Youth”— Neil Duncan, Shawn Collins, Meghann O’Brien, Tom Hart, and Nicole Little. Dr. Karol Chandler-Ezell gave me great advice on calcium oxalate and chemical processing. Dr. Todd VanPool graciously provided much needed advice on the statistical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Indicator Species
    1 Handout 6 – Habitat Indicator Species Habitat Indicator Species The species lists below are laid out by habitats and help you to find out which habitats you are surveying – you will see that some species occur in several different habitats. Key: * Plants that are especially good indicators of that specific habitat Plants found in Norfolk’s woodland Common Name Scientific Name Alder Buckthorn Frangula alnus Aspen Populus tremula Barren Strawberry Potentilla sterilis Bird Cherry Prunus padus Black Bryony Tamus communis Bush Vetch Vicia sepium Climbing Corydalis Ceratocapnos claviculata Common Cow-wheat Melampyrum pratense Early dog violet Viola reichenbachiana Early Purple Orchid Orchis mascula * English bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta* * Field Maple Acer campestre* Giant Fescue Festuca gigantea * Goldilocks buttercup Ranunculus auricomus* Great Wood-rush Luzula sylvatica Greater Burnet-saxifrage Pimpinella major Greater Butterfly-orchid Platanthera chlorantha Guelder Rose Viburnum opulus Hairy Wood-rush Luzula pilosa Hairy-brome Bromopsis ramosa Hard Fern Blechnum spicant Hard Shield-fern Polystichum aculeatum * Hart's-tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium* Holly Ilex aquifolium * Hornbeam Carpinus betulus* * Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata* Moschatel Adoxa moschatellina Narrow Buckler-fern Dryopteris carthusiana Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium * Pendulous Sedge Carex Pendula* Pignut Conopodium majus Polypody (all species) Polypodium vulgare (sensulato) * Primrose Primula vulgaris* 2 Handout 6 – Habitat
    [Show full text]
  • National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation
    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California
    IDENTIFYING AND APPRECIATING THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA Materials Selected and Presented by David Amme for class offered on May 8, 2003, Seaside, CA under the auspices of California Native Grass Association P.O Box 72405 • Davis, CA 95617 Voice: 530-759-8458 FAX 530-753-1553 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.cnga.org Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California California Native Grass Association California Native Grass Association Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California WHAT IS A GRASS? KEY TO GRASSES, SEDGES AND RUSHES 1a Flowers with stiff, greenish or brownish, 6 parted perianth (calyx and corolla); stamens 6 or 3; fruit a many-seeded capsule; leaves usually wiry and round in cross section . RUSH FAMILY (Juncaceae) lb Flowers without evident calyx or corolla, gathered into short scaly clusters (spikelets); stamens 3; fruit with a single seed. 2 2a Leaves in 2 vertical rows or ranks; leaf sheaths usually split, with overlapping edges; stems usually round in cross section and hollow between the joints; each flower of the spikelet contained between 2 bracts, the lemma and the palea . GRASS FAMILY (Cramineae) 2b Leaves in 3 vertical rows or ranks; leaf sheaths tubular, not split; stems often triangular in cross section and solid between joints; each flower of the spikelet in the axil of a single bract, the glume . SEDGE FAMILY (Cyperaceae) From: HOW TO KNOW THE GRASSES by Richard W. Pohl; Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers; Dubuque, Iowa. Identifying
    [Show full text]
  • Revisión Taxonómica Del Género Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) En La Península Ibérica
    Acta Botanica Malacitana1~P J.Cebrino Cruz & C. Romero-Zarco. Revisión taxonómica del género Molineriella Artículo203 '2,KWWSG[GRLRUJDEPYL&DEHFHUD $UWtFXOR Revisión taxonómica del género Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) en la Península Ibérica Jesús Cebrino Cruz & Carlos Romero-Zarco 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH %LRORJtD 9HJHWDO \ (FRORJtD )DFXOWDG GH %LRORJtD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 6HYLOOD & 3URIHVRU *DUFtD *RQ]iOH]VQ6HYLOOD(VSDxD Correspondencia Resumen C. Romero-Zarco e-mail: [email protected] Se presenta una revisión del género Molineriella Rouy sobre la base del Recibido: 11 septiembre 2017 estudio morfológico de 1.300 ejemplares de herbario. Se trata de un género Aceptado: 26 octubre 2017 PHGLWHUUiQHRTXHWLHQHVXPi[LPDULTXH]DHVSHFtÀFDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD Publicado on-line: diciembre 2017 \SDUDHOTXHVHKDQUHFRQRFLGRDTXtWUHVHVSHFLHVSDUDODVFXDOHVVHDSRUWDQ descripciones y mapas de distribución en el área de estudio. Se han designado un neotipo para Aira laevis Brot. y sendos lectotipos para Periballia minuta subsp. australis3DXQHUR\Molineria minuta var. baetica Willk. Se ha descrito como nueva Molineriella laevis var. submutica Cebrino & Romero Zarco. Palabras clave: *UDPLQHDH3RHDH$LULQDH MolineriellaPeriballia3HQtQVXOD ,EpULFD7D[RQRPtD7LSLÀFDFLyQ Abstract Taxonomic revision of the genus Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) in the Iberian Península We present the revision of the genus Molineriella Rouy based on a PRUSKRORJLFDOVWXG\RIKHUEDULXPVSHFLPHQV,WLVD0HGLWHUUDQHDQJHQXV ZLWKLWVPD[LPXPVSHFLHVULFKQHVVLQWKH,EHULDQ3HQLQVXOD7KUHHVSHFLHVDUH UHFRJQL]HG
    [Show full text]
  • (Heath Snail) in County Durham
    CLEVELAND NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Volume 10 Part 3 Spring 2013 THE OFFICERS & COMMITTEE 2013-2014 President. Vic Fairbrother, 8 Whitby Avenue, Guisborough, TS14 7AP. Secretary. Eric Gendle, 13 Mayfield Road, Nunthorpe, TS7 0ED. Treasurer. Colin Chatto, 32 Blue Bell Grove, Acklam, TS5 7HQ. Membership Jo Scott, Tethers End, Hartburn, Stockton.. Secretary. Programme Neil Baker, 10 Smithfield Road, Darlington, DL1 4DD. Secretary. The immediate past president. Dorothy Thompson. Ordinary members. Ian Lawrence, David Barlow, Paul Forster, Jo Scott, Vincent Jones, Jean McLean. Membership Details The Club seeks to promote an interest in all branches of natural history and to assist members in finding out about the living things that they see in the countryside around them. The present membership includes those who have particular interests in birds, insects, slugs and snails, lichens, fungi, flowering plants and mosses and liverworts. Members with interests in other fields would be very welcome. In spring and summer there are evening, half-day and whole-day visits to investigate the natural history of a particular area. During the winter months there is a series of meetings held in the Nunthorpe Institute, The Avenue, Nunthorpe, Middlesbrough. If you have any difficulty getting to this venue, please speak to any committee member and we will see if we can arrange a lift for you. A meeting usually takes the form of a lecture given by a club member or visiting speaker. The annual subscription is £8. Members are entitled to attend meetings of two affiliated organisations: Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. Tees Valley Wildlife Trust. Details are available from Eric Gendle 01642 281235 President’s Address: 18th March 2013.
    [Show full text]