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The Occurrence of Stalk-Eyed Flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with a Review of Cluster Formation in the Diopsidae Hans R

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The Occurrence of Stalk-Eyed Flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with a Review of Cluster Formation in the Diopsidae Hans R Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160 (2017) 75–88 The occurrence of stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with a review of cluster formation in the Diopsidae Hans R. Feijen*, Ralph Martin & Cobi Feijen Catalogue and distribution data are presented for the six Diopsidae species known to occur in the Arabian Peninsula: Sphyracephala beccarii, Chaetodiopsis meigenii, Diasemopsis aethiopica, Diopsis arabica, Diopsis mayae and Diopsis sp. (ichneumonea species group). The biogeographical aspects of their distribution are discussed. Records of Diopsis apicalis and Diopsis collaris are removed from the list for Arabia as these were based on misidentifications. Synonymies involving Diasemopsis aethiopica and Diasemopsis varians are discussed. Only one out of four specimens in the D. elegantula type series proved conspecific with D. aethiopica. The synonymy of D. aethiopica and D. varians is rejected. A lectotype for Diasemopsis elegantula is now designated. D. elegantula is proposed as junior synonym of D. varians. A fly cluster of more than 80,000 Sphyracephala beccarii, observed in Oman, is described. The occurrence of cluster formations in the Diopsidae is reviewed, while a possible explanation is indicated. Hans R. Feijen*, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected] Ralph Martin, University of Freiburg, Münchhofstraße 14, 79106 Freiburg, Germany Cobi Feijen, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Introduction catalogue for Diopsidae, Steyskal (1972) only re- Westwood (1837b) described Diopsis arabica as ferred to Westwood and Hennig as far as Diopsidae the first stalk-eyed fly from the Arabian Peninsula. in Arabia was concerned. Feijen (1989) recorded As type locality only “in Arabiâ desertâ” was given. Sphyracephala beccarii (Rondani) and Chaetodiop- Hennig (1941), in a contribution to “Die Fliegen sis meigenii (Westwood) for the Arabian Peninsula. der palaearktischen Region”, gave a partial redescrip- Feijen mentioned the occurrence of seven Diopsi- tion of D. arabica based on the type. Hennig indi- dae species for this peninsula, but one of these later cated that it was not certain whether the type was turned out to be based on a wrong geographic inter- collected in the Palaearctic or the Ethiopian part of pretation of a label. Arabia. He was anyway of the opinion that it did In the past ten years, five papers were published not concern a typical representative of the Palaearctic dealing with the Diopsidae fauna of Arabia. In the fauna, but, at most, a species which had penetrated first of these papers, Dawah & Abdullah (2008) re- from the Ethiopian Region. The type now appears to corded three Diopsidae species from south-western be lost (Rohlfien & Ewald 1970). In the last world Saudi Arabia: “Diopsis collaris”, “Diopsis apicalis” and Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160: 75–88, Figs 1–21. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 15 December 2017. DOI 10.1163/22119434-00002065 *Corresponding author Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 05:35:57PM via free access <UN> 76 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 160, 2017 Sphyracephala beccarii. In the second one, Hauser Diopsis beccarii Rondani, 1873: 289 – type series et al. (2011) discussed the occurrence of Sphyraceph- from Eritrea, Sciotel, Bogos, 15°35’N 38°20’E, ala beccarii in the United Arab Emirates. They also lectotype and part of large type series in MCSN, gave records for the same species from Oman and paralectotypes in many other museums. Yemen. In the third paper, El-Hawagry et al. (2013) Hexechopsis beccarii, Rondani 1875: 442. Ref.: Osten listed “Diopsis apicalis” and Sphyracephala beccarii for Sacken 1882. Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia. In El-Hawagry et al. Sphyracephala beccarii, Osten Sacken 1882: 235. Ref.: (2015) “Diopsis collaris” was added to the list for Al- Steyskal 1972, Feijen 1989, Hauser et al. 2011. Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, while El-Hawagry et al. Diopsis africana Karsch, 1888: 380 – holotype from (2016) added more records for “Diopsis apicalis” and Tanzania, Bondei, ~5°00’S 39°00’E, in ZMHB Sphyracephala beccarii. but lost (see Rohlfien & Ewald, 1970). Ref.: Cur- We present here an annotated catalogue and a key ran 1928, Séguy 1949, Collart 1954, Steyskal to the six species presently recognized as occurring 1972, Cogan & Shillito 1980. in Arabia. As the border between the Palaearctic Re- gion and the Ethiopian Region in the Arabian Pen- Distribution. Algeria, all contiguous Sub-Saharan insula is formed by a somewhat indeterminate line, African countries, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula. the biogeographical implication of the Diopsidae Arabian records. Oman, 7♀, 3♂, Wadi Siya, 23°12’N records will be discussed briefly. In Diopsidae, clus- 58°41’E, 400 m, 10.iv.1980, B.R. Pitkin (BMNH); tering was only known in the genus Sphyracephala. >80,000 specimens, Wadi Darbat, 17°6’58”N Feijen (1989) briefly reviewed the scarce records for 54°27’18”E, 206 m, 10.xi.2014, R. Martin, M. this phenomenon in stalk-eyed flies. A recent obser- Kühn, T. Wulf (observation & photographs); 2♀, vation of clustering in Oman is described. A review 1♂, Ain Razat, 17°7’44"N 54°14’11”E, 200 m, is presented for clustering in the Diopsidae while a 13.ii.1989, M.J. Ebejer (Hauser et al. 2011) possible explanation will be indicated. (NMWC); 2♀, Dhofar, Ain Sahwoot, 9.xi.1992, J.C. Deeming (Hauser et al. 2011) (NMWC); 2♀, Museum codens used 2♂, Dhofar, Ain Jarziz, 17°06’N 54°05’E, 197 m, 11.xi.1992, J.C. Deeming (Hauser et al. 2011) (NMWC); 1 Dhofar, Ain Hamran, 17°6’4”N BMNH The Natural History Museum [formerly British ♂, Museum (Natural History)], London, United 54°16’37”E, 1.xi.1988, M.J. Ebejer (Hauser et al. Kingdom 2011) (NMWC); 1♂, Dhofar, Hajayf, 17°17’N ISNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de 54°3’E, 12.x.1990, J.C. Deeming (Hauser et al. Belgique, Brussels, Belgium 2011) (NMWC); 1 , Zufar, near Ayn Razat, KSMA King Saud Museum of Arthropods, King Saud ♀ University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 17°7’44”N 54°14’11”E, 200 m, 24.v.2012, Moayed MCSN Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Bahajjaj (photographic record, Flickr); Ayn Razat, Doria, Genova, Italy 17°7’44”N 54°14’11”E, 200 m, 28.vi.2012, Moayed MNHNP Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Bahajjaj (photographic record, Flickr); Ain Garziz, France MRAC Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Zufar, 17°6’N 54°5’E, 197 m, 7.iii.2012, Faisal Sa- Belgium lim (photographic record, Flickr); Saudi Arabia, 2♀, NHMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland 2♂, Wadi Maharish, 21°21.5’N 40°13’E, 1000 m, NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, 13.i.1983, W. Büttiker (RMNH); 20♀, 28♂, Austria NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Maraba, Asir, 17°54’N 42°23’E, 80 m (or 350 m?), Sweden 2004–2005 (Dawah & Abdullah 2008) (NMWC, NMWC National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, United NHMCSA); Al-Mekhwa, 19°46’14”N 41°26’3”E, Kingdom 350 m, xii–ii.2008–2012 (El-Hawagry et al., 2013) NHMCSA Natural History Museum, College of Science at (KSMA); Dhee Ain, 19°33’16”N 41°15’46”E, Abha, Saudi Arabia. OXUM Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford 155 m, ii–v.2008–2012 (El-Hawagry et al., 2013) University Museum, Oxford, United Kingdom (KSMA); Jabal Shada al-A’la Nature Reserve, RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center (formerly 19°51’46”N 41°18’5”E 2.vi.2014, 19°50’20–43”N Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), 41°18’16–41”E 3.vi.2014, 19°50’43”N 41°18’16”E Leiden, The Netherlands ZMHB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt- 27.i.2015, 19°50’35”N 41°18’42”E 5.v.2015, Universität, Berlin, Germany 19°51’46”N 41°18’5”E, 15.xi.2015 (El-Hawagry et al., 2016) (KSMA); Yemen, 12♀, 14♂, Wadi Dareija, SW of Dhala, W. Aden Prot., 13°40’45”N Annotated catalogue of Diopsidae in the 44°42’7”E, 4500’, 6–9.xi.1937, H. Scott & E.B. Arabian Peninsula Britton; 1♀, Al-Lahima, 15°24’N 43°32’E, 1200 m, Sphyracephala beccarii (Rondani) 16.x–31.xii.2000, A. van Harten & A.M. Hager Figs 1, 5, 11, 16–18, 20 (Hauser et al. 2011) (NMWC); 1♀, Suq Bani Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 05:35:57PM via free access <UN> Feijen et al.: Diopsidae in the Arabian Peninsula 77 Figs 1–4. Distribution maps of Diopsidae species in the Arabian Peninsula. – 1, Sphyracephala beccarii (also show- ing type locality in Eritrea); 2, Chaetodiopsis meigenii and Diasemopsis aethiopica (also showing type locality in Eritrea); 3, Diopsis mayae; 4, Diopsis arabica and Diopsis sp. Mansour, 15°6’N 43°50’E, 1500 m, 28.viii–26. are mapped in Fig. 1, which also shows the type ix.2001, A. van Harten (Hauser et al. 2011) locality. (NMWC); 1♀, Ar-Rujum, 15°27’28”N 43°38’6”E, 1989 m, 16.x.2000, A. van Harten & A.M. Hager Chaetodiopsis meigenii (Westwood) (Hauser et al. 2011) (NMWC); 1♀, 1♂, 12 km NW of Figs 2, 8, 12, 18–19 Manakhah, 15°6’N 43°43’E, 1500 m, 21.viii.2001, A. van Harten (Hauser et al. 2011) (NMWC); 1♀, Diopsis meigenii Westwood, 1837b: 548 (as Miege- 12 km NW of Manakhah, 15°6’N 43°43’E, 1500 m, nii) – in Guineâ Africæ, type series (1♀, 1♂) in 5.v–17.vi.2002, A. van Harten (Hauser et al. 2011) OXUM. Ref.: Eggers 1925. (NMWC); United Arab Emirates, 21♀, 26♂, Wadi Diopsis subfasciata Macquart, 1843: 395 – errone- Hayl, 25°04.83’N 56°13.53’E, 240 m, 15.iii.2008, ously described from Java, Indonesia, holotype in M.
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