Evolving Terror February 2018
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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO 2016 Cover The recent large-scale, systematic destruction and looting of cultural heritage has been the dominant theme at UNESCO throughout 2016. One of the Organization’s responses to these attacks on cultural heritage and cultural pluralism is the #Unite4Heritage campaign, a global movement that calls on everyone to harvest the power of culture to bring people together and to celebrate the places, objects and cultural traditions that make the world such a rich and vibrant place. This image produced for the campaign combines past and present, with the head of Buddha Shakyamuni and the face of an Erbore tribe warrior from Ethiopia. © Public Domain LACMA - Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Rod Waddington Published in 2017 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2017 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). The present license applies exclusively to the text content of this publication and to images whose copyright belongs to UNESCO. By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Leila Alaoui
SOME ARE BORN GREAT, SOME ACHIEVE TODAY IN QUOTE GREATNESS, AND SOME HAVE GREAT- 392 1701 1895 2016 HISTORY OF THE NESS THRUST UPON THEM. Roman Emperor William Penn pre- German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen Republican Donald Trump is elected DAY Theodosius declares sents Charter of produces and detects electromagnet- President of the United States of Amer- WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Christian religion the Privileges ic radiation in a wavelength range to- ica, defeating democrat Hillary Clinton, FRIDAY NOVEMBER 8, 2019 state religion day known as X-rays or Röntgen rays who received 2.9 million more votes FRAMES STEP UP Leila Alaoui: A voice for the voiceless The breakdancers of Kabul: Afghan A Madrid exhibition youth busting offers an in- depth look moves at the late Moroccan A Madrid exhibition offers an in- photographer’s depth look at the late Moroccan chronicles of photographer’s chronicles of “disappearing “disappearing traditions” An Afghan breakdancer strikes a pose during a practice session traditions” AFP | Kabul The cultural centre is one of the few places in the Afghan capital where the n the land of suicide bombings, bur- mixed-gender Top Step crew are able to qas, and unending war, a group of practise and feel relatively safe, Lomani IAfghans have turned to breakdanc- says. But even here there are risks. ing for stress relief and self-expression Just five years ago, the centre was at- -- even as fears the Taliban could yet re- tacked by the Taliban as it hosted a play Leila Alaoui’s photos at the exhibition in Madrid turn to power fuel worries of a renewed about suicide bombings, where Lomani crackdown on the arts. -
Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances
SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber (Eds.) Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances RP 5 June 2015 Berlin All rights reserved. © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2015 SWP Research Papers are peer reviewed by senior researchers and the execu- tive board of the Institute. They express exclusively the personal views of the authors. SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 34 10719 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] ISSN 1863-1053 Translation by Meredith Dale (Updated English version of SWP-Studie 7/2015) Table of Contents 5 Problems and Recommendations 7 Jihadism in Africa: An Introduction Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 13 Al-Shabaab: Youth without God Annette Weber 31 Libya: A Jihadist Growth Market Wolfram Lacher 51 Going “Glocal”: Jihadism in Algeria and Tunisia Isabelle Werenfels 69 Spreading Local Roots: AQIM and Its Offshoots in the Sahara Wolfram Lacher and Guido Steinberg 85 Boko Haram: Threat to Nigeria and Its Northern Neighbours Moritz Hütte, Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 99 Conclusions and Recommendations Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 103 Appendix 103 Abbreviations 104 The Authors Problems and Recommendations Jihadism in Africa: Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances The transnational terrorism of the twenty-first century feeds on local and regional conflicts, without which most terrorist groups would never have appeared in the first place. That is the case in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Syria and Iraq, as well as in North and West Africa and the Horn of Africa. -
THE JIHAD Different Areas of Research
The Strategic Studies Group (GEES) is the oldest private and independent think- tank of Spain. Since 1987 has produced assessments and analysis and has advised different corporations, governments and media outlets inside as well beyond Spain. The reports, analysis, articles and events are prepared by specialists from THE JIHAD different areas of research. During the more than 30 years of existence, the Strategic Studies Group (GEES) has become an indispensable reference within the world of liberal-conservative ideas, specially in issues related to security and defense. The Strategic Studies AGAINST SPAIN Group (GEES) and its members are active members in several international initiatives and networks of think-tanks across the world, being considered globally as the most influential conservative center in Spain. ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE VISIT THE STRATEGIC STUDIES GROUP: OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT http://www.gees.org ON SOCIAL NETWORKS: https://www.facebook.com/grupoGEES Strategic Studies Group https://twitter.com/grupogees © 2018 GEES – Strategic Studies Group ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT THE JIHAD AGAINST SPAIN SPAIN AGAINST THE JIHAD The Jihad AGAINST SPAIN ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT Strategic Studies Group GEES TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE BY IGNACIO COSIDÓ ........................................................................ 5 PRESENTATION ..................................................................................................... 9 1. EUROPE’S FIGHT AGAINST ISLAMIST TERROR ......................................... -
Middle East Regional Migration Trends August
AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 This summary is produced by DRC Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional office. It covers inter and intra-regional displacement and displacement induced mobility drawing widely from available sources in the region. Given the complex migration trends taking place in the Middle East, this summary is intended to give a consolidated snapshot of mixed migration in the region. (Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq). A note on terminology: Throughout this report the term migrant/refugee is used for all persons involved in mixed migration flows (including asylum seekers, trafficked persons, migrants, refugees) with the exception of Syrians who are recognised as persons in need of international protection. If the group mentioned refers only to refugees or asylum seekers or trafficked persons or migrants it will be clearly stated. Cover Photo Credit: Darashakran Refugee Camp for Syrian refugees in Erbil, Iraq. Photo by: Noe Falk Refugee children in Qushtapa camp, Kurdish Region, Iraq. Photo by Klaus Bo Chris Iraqtensen 2 SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST 3 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 SYRIA Syrian Refugees: The ongoing conflict in Syria, now in its sixth year, continues to displace Eastern Mediterranean Route: Use of the Eastern Mediterranean route to Europe has thousands of Syrians both within and outside of the country. As of 30 September, 2016 decreased dramatically in comparison to 2015, despite the 6,527 arrivals by sea in Greece UNHCR had registered a total of 4,779,568 Syrian refugees in neighbouring countries and from August 1 to September 30. -
Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict
Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict September 2000 - September 2007 L_C089061 Table of Contents: Foreword...........................................................................................................................1 Suicide Terrorists - Personal Characteristics................................................................2 Suicide Terrorists Over 7 Years of Conflict - Geographical Data...............................3 Suicide Attacks since the Beginning of the Conflict.....................................................5 L_C089062 Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict Foreword Since September 2000, the State of Israel has been in a violent and ongoing conflict with the Palestinians, in which the Palestinian side, including its various organizations, has carried out attacks against Israeli citizens and residents. During this period, over 27,000 attacks against Israeli citizens and residents have been recorded, and over 1000 Israeli citizens and residents have lost their lives in these attacks. Out of these, 155 (May 2007) attacks were suicide bombings, carried out against Israeli targets by 178 (August 2007) suicide terrorists (male and female). (It should be noted that from 1993 up to the beginning of the conflict in September 2000, 38 suicide bombings were carried out by 43 suicide terrorists). Despite the fact that suicide bombings constitute 0.6% of all attacks carried out against Israel since the beginning of the conflict, the number of fatalities in these attacks is around half of the total number of fatalities, making suicide bombings the most deadly attacks. From the beginning of the conflict up to August 2007, there have been 549 fatalities and 3717 casualties as a result of 155 suicide bombings. Over the years, suicide bombing terrorism has become the Palestinians’ leading weapon, while initially bearing an ideological nature in claiming legitimate opposition to the occupation. -
EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE NOTE (U//LES) Suicide Vest and Belt Improvised Explosive Device Tactics in the Middle Eastern, African, An
UNCLASSIFIED//LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE EXTERNAL INTELLIGENCE NOTE Terrorism Explosive Device Analytical Center 17 November 2015 (U//LES) Suicide Vest and Belt Improvised Explosive Device Tactics in the Middle Eastern, African, and European Regions Show Minimal Signs of Tactic Migration (U) LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE: The information marked (U//LES) in this document is the property of FBI and may be distributed within the Federal Government (and its contractors), US intelligence, law enforcement, public safety or protection officials and individuals with a need to know. Distribution beyond these entities without FBI authorization is prohibited. Precautions should be taken to ensure this information is stored and/or destroyed in a manner that precludes unauthorized access. Information bearing the LES caveat may not be used in legal proceedings without first receiving authorization from the originating agency. Recipients are prohibited from subsequently posting the information marked LES on a website or an unclassified network. (U//LES) The FBI Terrorism Explosive Device Analytical Center (TEDAC) assesses the tactics used to construct suicide vest and belt improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in the Middle Eastern, African, and European regions likely (see Appendix A) have minimal correlation. Use of these tactics allows suicide bombers to discretely move to a desired target location and make real-time decisions to maximize lethality. The suicide belt design allows the wearer to conceal the device and blend in with their surrounding environment, as well as to position themselves in potentially crowded environments while not raising suspicion.1 This assessment is made with medium confidence (see Appendix B), based upon reliable forensic exploitation and varying degrees of reliability with open source reporting. -
Geopolitical Overview of Conflicts 2017
Geopolitical overview of Spanish Institute of conflicts 2017 Strategic Studies MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Geopolitical overview Spanish Institute of of conflicts 2017 Strategic Studies MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA SPANISH OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA http://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ © Author and Publisher, 2018 NIPO: 083-16-308-8 (print on demand) NIPO: 083-16-309-3 (e-book edition) Publication date: july 2018 The authors are solely responsible for the opinions expresed in the articles in this publication. The exploitation righits of this work are protected by the Spanish Intellectual Property Act. No parts of this publication may be produced, stored or transmitted in any way nor by any means, electronic, mechanical or print, including photo- copies or any other means without prior, express, written consent of the © copyright holders. ÍNDICE Page Chapter one Mali: Obstacles and Responses to a Complex Threat ............................................... 11 Jesús Díez Alcalde Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 13 Background ................................................................................................................................... 14 Current status of the conflict ...................................................................................................... 20 The role of external players ..................................................................................................... -
Leila Alaouila Revue Leila Alaouila Revue La Revue Summary Leila Alaoui Sommaire
06672287552 LEILA ALAOUILA REVUE LEILA ALAOUILA REVUE LA REVUE SUMMARY LEILA ALAOUI SOMMAIRE 006 JE ME SOUVIENS I REMEMBER par/by Jack Lang 009 AUTOPSIE DE L’ABSENCE AN AUTOPSY OF ABSENCE par/by Serge Lutens 011 LA TRAVERSÉE D’UN REGARD CAPTURED WITH A LOOK par/by Jean-Luc Monterosso 014 À PROPOS D’UNE PHOTOGRAPHIE ABOUT A PICTURE par/by Fouad Elkoury 017 APERÇU BIOGRAPHIQUE BIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW Directeur de la publication 025 PHOTOGRAPHIE DE REPORTAGE Publishing director Philippe Heullant REPORTAGE PHOTOGRAPHY Rédacteur en chef 026 NATREEN, NO PASARA Editor in chief Guillaume de Sardes NATREEN, NO PASARA par/by Bruno Rotival [email protected] 047 VIDÉO Directeur artistique Creative director VIDEO Piero Brogi [email protected] 048 CROSSING, UNE INDIVISIBLE HUMANITÉ Traduction CROSSING, AN EPIPHANY OF FACES par/by Simon Njami Translation Jennie Allen 054 L’ÎLE DU DIABLE, UNE ŒUVRE INACHEVÉE Photo de couverture DEVIL’S ISLAND, AN UNFINISHED PIECE par/by Lara Milosevic Cover Photo Les Marocains 063 PHOTOGRAPHIE PLASTICIENNE © Leila Alaoui CONCEPTUAL PHOTOGRAPHY Publicité Advertising 064 LES MAROCAINS, LEILA ALAOUI OU L’ÉPIPHANIE DES VISAGES Tél. : +33 (0)6 72 28 75 52 LES MAROCAINS, LEILA ALAOUI: AN EPIPHANY OF FACES par/by Guillaume de Sardes Impression Printer 090 MADE IN INDIA, RENDRE SINGULIER L’ANONYME D’Auria Printing (TE) Italie MADE IN INDIA, MAKING THE UNKNOWN EXCEPTIONAL par/by Paul Ardenne Edité par 110 BIOGRAPHIE DES AUTEURS Published by EPCH AUTHORS BIOGRAPHIES 10, boulevard de Port-Royal 75005 Paris 111 REMERCIEMENTS France Dépôt légal à parution ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2 • LEILA ALAOUI, LA REVUE LEILA ALAOUI, LA REVUE • 3 ZOOM HERVÉ KOUBI PHOTOS : © FRÉDÉRIQUE CALLOCH LANGUE FRANÇAISE ET COOPÉRATION COOPÉRATION CULTURELLE BOYS DON’T CRY ÉDUCATIVE AU MAROC La coopération culturelle entre la France et Présent sur l’ensemble du territoire marocai, le Maroc est ancienne, riche et d’une grande l’Institut français du Maroc accueille toute vitalité. -
Somalia's Al-Shabaab and the Global Jihad Network
Terrorism without Borders: Somalia’s Al-Shabaab and the global jihad network by Daniel E. Agbiboa This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Abstract This article sets out to explore the evolution, operational strategy and transnational dimensions of Harakat Al-Shabab al-Mujahedeen (aka Al-Shabab), the Somali-based Islamist terrorist group. The article argues that Al-Shabab’s latest Westgate attack in Kenya should be understood in the light of the group’s deepening ties with Al-Qaeda and its global jihad, especially since 2009 when Al-Shabab formally pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda and welcomed the organisation’s core members into its leadership. Key words: Al-Shabab, Westgate Attack; Al-Qaeda; Global Jihad; Kenya; Somalia. Introduction n 21 September 2013, the world watched with horror as a group of Islamist gunmen stormed Kenya’s high-end Westgate Mall in Nairobi and fired at weekend shoppers, killing over 80 people. The gunmen reportedly shouted in Swahili that Muslims would be allowed to leave while all others Owere subjected to their bloodletting (Agbiboa, 2013a). Countries like France, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ghana, among others, all confirmed that their citizens were among those affected. The renowned Ghanaian Poet, Kofi Awoonor, was also confirmed dead in the attack (Mamdani, 2013). The Somali-based and Al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamist terrorist group, Harakat Al-Shabab al-Mujahideen or, more commonly, Al-Shabab – “the youth” in Arabic – have since claimed responsibility for the horrific attack through its Twitter account. -
Social Media in Africa
Social media in Africa A double-edged sword for security and development Technical annex Kate Cox, William Marcellino, Jacopo Bellasio, Antonia Ward, Katerina Galai, Sofia Meranto, Giacomo Persi Paoli Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................................................................... iii List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... iv List of tables .............................................................................................................................................. v Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... vii Annex A: Overview of Technical Annex .................................................................................................... 1 Annex B: Background to al-Shabaab, Boko Haram and ISIL ..................................................................... 3 Annex C: Timeline of significant dates ...................................................................................................... 9 Annex D: Country profiles ...................................................................................................................... 25 Annex E: Social media and communications platforms ............................................................................ 31 Annex F: Twitter data -
Security Brief for Egypt Prepared On: Jul 12, 2021 5:59:41 PM UTC
Security Brief for Egypt prepared on: Jul 12, 2021 5:59:41 PM UTC Security Assessment Rating Security Rating for Egypt: 4 - High Sub-Ratings 1 2 3 4 5 Crime 3 Overall Rating: Security Services 3 4 Civil Unrest 3 Terrorism 4 High Kidnapping 3 Geopolitical 3 Security Overview : Overview of Egypt There are military operations against militants in North Sinai and along the Libyan border. Armed assaults and bombings have been reported. The terrorist threat stems from North Sinai-based Islamist militants, suspected Muslim Brotherhood offshoots, and those motivated by left-wing views. Most terrorist attacks target commercial, economic, and infrastructure installations as well as Christian minorities and security forces. Foreigners have also been targeted. Most crimes are petty thefts, such as pickpocketing and bag-snatching, but armed robberies, muggings, sexual assaults, rapes, break-ins, and carjackings have also been reported. Opposition to the government and socioeconomic factors are drivers for civil unrest. Islamist protests have been pushed out of downtown areas, and rallies motivated by economic factors are now a greater potential threat to security. Protests can turn violent and disrupt travel. The risk of civil unrest rises during significant anniversaries. Related Advice: General guidelines to protect yourself against terrorism. Related Advice: Recognizing suspicious objects and the threat of hidden explosives while traveling Related Advice: Protecting yourself from crime when using taxis abroad. Related Advice: Tips and guidelines for surviving an airline hijacking Related Advice: Increasing your personal security while traveling. Security Alerts & Advisories Informational Alerts Terrorism: Authorities in Egypt extend the existing State of Emergency through at least Oct.