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Middle East Regional Migration Trends August

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Middle East Regional Migration Trends August AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 This summary is produced by DRC Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional office. It covers inter and intra-regional displacement and displacement induced mobility drawing widely from available sources in the region. Given the complex migration trends taking place in the Middle East, this summary is intended to give a consolidated snapshot of mixed migration in the region. (Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq). A note on terminology: Throughout this report the term migrant/refugee is used for all persons involved in mixed migration flows (including asylum seekers, trafficked persons, migrants, refugees) with the exception of Syrians who are recognised as persons in need of international protection. If the group mentioned refers only to refugees or asylum seekers or trafficked persons or migrants it will be clearly stated. Cover Photo Credit: Darashakran Refugee Camp for Syrian refugees in Erbil, Iraq. Photo by: Noe Falk Refugee children in Qushtapa camp, Kurdish Region, Iraq. Photo by Klaus Bo Chris Iraqtensen 2 SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST 3 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 SYRIA Syrian Refugees: The ongoing conflict in Syria, now in its sixth year, continues to displace Eastern Mediterranean Route: Use of the Eastern Mediterranean route to Europe has thousands of Syrians both within and outside of the country. As of 30 September, 2016 decreased dramatically in comparison to 2015, despite the 6,527 arrivals by sea in Greece UNHCR had registered a total of 4,779,568 Syrian refugees in neighbouring countries and from August 1 to September 30. These figures mark an 87.8% increase (3,053 individuals) North Africa, since the conflict began. This marks a decrease in registered Syrians of 0.7% when compared to the recorded arrivals in June and July. Of these arrivals 1,978 were (33,611 individuals) since the figures of the last reporting period on July 31, 2016. At the Syrian, a 104% increase compared to the previous reporting period. Despite these figures, end of August, 2016 the total number of asylum application in Europe (since April 2011) was arrivals to Greece by sea in August were down 97% from the same month in 2015, while at 1,151,865, an increase of 56,768 applications (5.2%) since June 2016. ACAPS reports that As of 30 September 2016, September arrivals were down 98%. in 2016 the number of Syrian refugees in neighbouring countries has grown by less than UNHCR had registered a total of 200,000 due to restrictions preventing movement from conflict areas. Additionally, refugees and other mixed migrants continue to enter Europe via the Bulgarian- 4,779,568 Turkish border, with the Bulgarian Ministry of Interior reporting that 14,656 migrants Refugees in Syria: As of June 30, 2016, there were a reported 28,932 refugees and asylum have been apprehended entering, exiting, or residing in the country in 2016. The majority Syrian refugees seekers in Syria. No new figures were available during the reporting period. Of these, 24,027 of people irregularly entering and stranded in Bulgaria (see Turkey section) are from were Iraqi, 1,521 Afghan, 910 Sudanese, 511 Somali, 179 Pakistani, and 1,784 individuals of Afghanistan, followed by Syria, Iraq, and Pakistan. Most refugees and other mixed migrants other nationalities. An estimated 450,000 Palestinian refugees also remain in Syria. In June, enter Bulgaria on foot through the country’s ‘green border’ with Turkey, though some cross UNHCR reported that the number of refugees in the country was decreasing as the security at regular checkpoints by hiding in vehicles. situation worsened. According to IOM, the Other Routes to Europe: According to IOM the number of Syrians using the Central Conflict and Displacement: By the end of September 2016, OCHA reported a total number of Syrians using Mediterranean Route to Europe (by boat from Libya or Egypt to Italy) has decreased, despite predictions that the EU-Turkey Agreement would shift migration routes in this of 6,145,004 internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Syria. The majority are in Rural the Central Mediterranean Damascus (1,437,874 IDPs) and Aleppo (1,112,814 IDPs) governorates, with hundreds of direction. Refugees Deeply reports that the number of Syrians crossing the Mediterranean Route to Europe has thousands of people also displaced in Idleb, Damascus, Lattakia, Dar’a, and Homs, among via Libya and Egypt has decreased since the agreement came into effect, with only 577 other areas. Military escalation in Aleppo and other areas since February 2016 has displaced decreased Syrians (0.5% of total arrivals) reaching Italy from Egypt and Libya in the first 8 months of some 351,713 Syrians to date, including 7,613 people from Hama and Aleppo in September, 2016, according to UNHCR. This is compared to 6,710 Syrians having used this route at the as well as some 25,000 IDPs from Aleppo in August. Fighting in Al-Hasakeh governorate in end of August 2015. Arrivals in Italy are primarily from Nigeria, Eritrea, Gambia, Sudan, Cote North-Eastern Syria has displaced 50,641 people since February 1, in addition to some 7,730 d’Ivoire, Guinea, Somalia, Mali, and Senegal. A statement by the European Commission on Syrians displaced in Dar’a and Quneitra in August 2016. July 8, 2016 acknowledges that while a small number (unspecified) of boats are arriving in Italy directly from Egypt and Turkey, that it is not possible to confirm the development of a A nationwide ‘cessation of hostilities’ was announced on September 12, 2016. It held for 7 new travel route to Italy. days before breaking down on September 19 and resulting in renewed conflict in Aleppo, Homs, and Rural Damascus. This was marked by the bombing of an aid convoy near Aleppo. On September 21, 2016, at least 43 people were killed when a boat carrying nearly 600 people capsized off the Egyptian coast. The boat was carrying Egyptians, Sudanese, Closing Borders: The ability of Syrians to seek protection internationally is increasingly Eritreans, and Somalis. One Syrian was reportedly among the survivors. For Syrians today, limited due to growing restrictions on borders surrounding Syria, and throughout Europe. A new report from the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) claims that the number of The construction of a border fence along Syria’s border with Turkey is one example of very few these changes (see Turkey section). For Syrians today, very few legal routes to exit the refugees and other mixed migrants arriving in Europe by ‘covert’ routes (unknown or lesser country remain. Their situation is characterised by tightly controlled land borders, strict visa legal routes to exit the understood routes including land crossings to Greece, and routes through Russia, Belarus, requirements to enter Lebanon, a recently closed Jordanian border, and visa requirements country remain Moldova, and Ukraine), has been rising since the EU-Turkey Agreement in March. ODI figures for entry to Turkey by sea or air, though limited irregular entry by land still occurs. The show that in 2016, some 60% of asylum applications in Europe came from people who closure of the Balkan route in March 2016, and the implementation of the EU-Turkey arrived using ‘covert’ land routes, as compared to 40% who arrived using ‘overt’ sea routes. Agreement in the same month have severely restricted the movement of Syrians to Europe. Findings show that only one third of covert arrivals in Europe are Syrian. Reports in June 2016 estimated that 160,000 people were stranded in Syria along the Turkish Refugee and Migrant Vulnerability: A recent IOM report from the Missing Migrants border, though no more recent data or updates are available regarding this situation. The Project, states that 81 people died while travelling within the Middle East in the first half border has remained closed for the past 19 months, with some medical exceptions (see of 2016. Of these, at least 69 were Syrian nationals, and the majority were killed at the Turkey section). There are also thousands of Syrians stranded between the two berms at Syrian-Turkish border. More recently, 3 deaths were reported at sea, along the Eastern Syria’s southern border with Jordan (see Jordan section). In September 2016 an estimated Mediterranean route, in August and 27 in September. Thus there were 30 recorded deaths 75,000 people were stranded at the berm in poor conditions with limited aid. during the reporting period as compared to 7 in June and July (see Turkey section for more information). 4 SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST SUMMARY OF REGIONAL MIGRATION TRENDS MIDDLE EAST 5 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER - 2016 JORDAN Syrian Refugees in Jordan: As of September 30, 2016 UNHCR had registered 655,483 Anecdotal accounts from refugees at the Rukban area of the berm indicated that in early Syrians in Jordan, a 0.2% decrease (1,565 individuals) from two months prior on July 31, July an estimated 15 to 20 families were returning to Syria each day, following the closure 2016. This decrease is likely due to ongoing resettlement of Syrians from Jordan to various of the Jordanian border. Human Rights watch confirms stories that families are returning to third countries. Of this group, 78.4% (513,996 individuals) live in urban, peri-urban, or rural Syria due to the unsanitary conditions at the berm, though no exact figures on the number areas and 21.6% (141,487 individuals) live in camps. Jordanian leadership and the 2015 of people leaving are available. Population Census, however, indicate that roughly 1.3 million Syrians are residing in the As of 30 September 2016, country.
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