DOCSLIB.ORG

Elisabeth M. Smith Phd Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elisabeth M. Smith Phd Thesis TO WALK UPON THE GRASS: THE IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS' LADY LITERATE IN ARTS, 1877-1892 Elisabeth Margaret Smith A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2014 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5570 This item is protected by original copyright To walk upon the grass: the impact of the University of St Andrews’ Lady Literate in Arts, 1877-1892 Elisabeth Margaret Smith Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute of Scottish Historical Research School of History The University of St Andrews June 2014 For my parents, to whom this was long ago promised Contents Page List of Tables iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements v-vi Abbreviations vii-viii Chapter 1: A ‘greater liberty of choice’: the LLA in context 1 Reform and changing attitudes to female education in the nineteenth century 2 Continuity and progress: existing provision for girls and women in nineteenth-century England and Wales 8 Continuity and progress: existing provision for girls and women in nineteenth-century Scotland 13 The research context 18 The sources and their interpretation 25 Chapter 2: ‘To the highest pitch possible’: the origins and development of the LLA, 1877-1892 30 Politics and progress in the early years 30 The structure and development of the LLA 42 Chapter 3: ‘Lasses o’ pairts’ or a ‘leisured clientele attracted by scholarly ideals’: who were the pioneer LLA women? 51 Where did they come from? 53 How old were they? 57 What social class? 60 How were they educated? 81 What religion? 91 Chapter 4: Careers and achievements: the educators 96 The governesses 99 The headmistresses 102 The elementary teachers 105 The secondary teachers 109 The teacher trainers 113 The university women 117 i Chapter 5: Careers and achievements: moving outside education 123 Medicine 126 Nursing and caring 134 Journalism 138 Writers and poets 140 The visual arts 146 Commercial and domestic employment 147 Religious women 150 Benevolent work 152 Public life and social campaigning 154 Chapter 6: The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning?: the LLA from 1892 onwards 161 The entry of women undergraduates 161 The influence of the LLA on the campaign for female entry to university 162 The impact of female undergraduate entry upon the LLA 165 The position of the University 176 The attitudes of the women 179 Conclusion: ‘A wise and beneficent step’ 183 Appendices 192 Appendix 1: LLA Registers and Calendars 192 Appendix 2: 193 Tables 2.1- 2.4 Examination Centres and candidate numbers, 1877-1894 193 Table 2.1 Centres in Scotland 193 Table 2.2 Centres in England 194 Table 2.3 Centres in the rest of the United Kingdom 195 Table 2.4 Centres outside the United Kingdom 196 Appendix 3: 198 Table 2.5 Subjects offered for LLA examinations and numbers taking each, 1877-1894 198 Appendix 4: Classification system for occupations of parents, spouses, and LLA entrants 199 Bibliography 201 List of tables Table 3.1 - Comparative ages at entry of LLAs, female and male undergraduates 58 Table 3.2 – Parental occupations of LLAs, all groups 61 Table 3.3 – Parental occupations of LLAs, Group 1, Professional 62 Table 3.4 - Parental occupations of LLAs, Group 2, Commercial 67 Table 3.5 - Parental occupations of LLAs, Group 3, Agricultural 69 Table 3.6 - Parental occupations of LLAs, Group 4, Intermediate 70 Table 3.7 - Parental occupations of LLAs, Group 5, Working-class 72 Table 3.8 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, all groups 76 Table 3.9 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, Group 1, Professional 77 Table 3.10 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, Group 2, Commercial 78 Table 3.11 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, Group 3, Agricultural 79 Table 3.12 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, Group 4, Intermediate 79 Table 3.13 - Parental occupations of LLAs, male and female undergraduates, Group 5, Working-class 80 Table 3.14 - Religious denominations of LLA candidates 93 Table 4.1 - LLA occupations, all groups 97 Table 4.2 - LLA occupations, Group 1, Professional 98 Table 6.1 - Geographical origins of LLA students 1892-1904 167 Table 6.2 - Occupational backgrounds of LLA students 1892-1901, all groups 171 Table 6.3 - Occupations of LLA students 1892-1904 174 iii Abstract In 1877 the University of St Andrews initiated a unique qualification, the Lady Literate in Arts, which came into existence initially as the LA, the Literate in Arts, a higher certificate available to women only. Awarded by examination but as a result of a programme of distance learning, it was conceived and explicitly promoted as a degree-level qualification at a time when women had no access to matriculation at Scottish universities and little anywhere in the United Kingdom. From small beginnings it expanded both in numbers of candidates and in spread of subjects and it lasted until the early 1930s by which time over 36,000 examinations had been taken and more than 5,000 women had completed the course. The scheme had emerged in response to various needs and external pressures which shaped its character. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the nature and achievements of the LLA in its first fifteen years and to establish its place within the wider movement for female equality of status and opportunity which developed in the later decades of the nineteenth century. The conditions under which the university introduced the LLA, its reasons for doing so, the nature of the qualification, its progress and development in the years before 1892 when women were admitted to Scottish universities as undergraduates and the consequences for the university itself are all examined in detail. The geographical and social origins and the educational backgrounds of the candidates themselves are analysed along with their age structure, their uptake of LLA subjects and the completion rates for the award. All of these are considered against the background of the students’ later careers and life experiences. This thesis aims to discover the extent to which the LLA was influential in shaping the lives of its participants and in advancing the broader case for female higher education. It seeks to establish for the first time the contribution that St Andrews LLA women made to society at large and to the wider movement for female emancipation. iv Acknowledgements This thesis has been a long time in the making and over the years many individuals and institutions have been of much help in providing information and answering my questions. These have included family and local historians whose enquiries to the Special Collections Department of St Andrews University Library have metamorphosed into mutually beneficial exchanges when we discovered that we had an LLA woman in common. My thanks go to them for often thought-provoking and fascinating insights. I am grateful to staff of the Special Collections of the University of Edinburgh, the archives of Aberdeenshire City and Aberdeenshire Councils, of Cheltenham Ladies College, and of Dollar Academy for particular assistance. Researchers working on parallel subjects have been generous of their time and interest: these include Kenneth Hunter, private scholar; Charlotte Wilson of University College, London; Marsali Taylor of Shetland Archives; Susan Bennet of the ‘Women of Moray’ project. Nigel Shepley, archivist of St George’s College, Edinburgh, and Sylvia Lassam, of Trinity College, University of Toronto have both provided assistance beyond the call of duty. Especially rewarding and supportive have been extended conversations and communication with Alison McCall of Dundee University, whose work on her own doctoral thesis concerning ‘lasses o’ pairts’ has dovetailed with mine on so many points. I only hope that I was able to help her almost as much as she has me. It is to the people closest to me, however, that I owe the biggest debt. My supervisor, David Allan, has been supremely forbearing over the years and has so many times boosted my confidence when I was badly in need of it. Without his patience in giving me the time and space I needed, as well as his shrewd and perceptive comment, this research might never have seen the light of day. To my colleagues in Special Collections at St Andrews, Norman Reid, Rachel Hart, Maia Sheridan, Elizabeth Henderson, Moira Mackenzie and all the Reading Room Team, I give my especial thanks for a multitude of things. They too have been around to see this work grow haltingly and sporadically and have been ever-supportive in practical ways by sharing their expertise and by maintaining their interest in the outcome. Friends and family come last but certainly not least. Helen Watson has been a constant source of much-needed confidence in my ability to complete this thesis, as has been my cousin, Andrew Bain, who has shared unstintingly his own deep knowledge of the history of Scottish v Education. My son and daughter, Gavin and Petra, and their spouses, although sometimes bemused, I suspect, as to why I should be doing such a thing, have always been there for me. So too, for the longest of all, has been my husband Roger without whose patience, understanding and constant cups of tea provided through highs and lows, this work would certainly not have come to fruition. To him goes my deepest gratitude. vi Abbreviations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Women in Medicine & Scottish Women's Hospitals'
    WWI: Women in Medicine KS3 / LESSONS 1-5 WORKSHEETS IN ASSOCIATION WITH LESSON 2: WORKSHEET Elsie Ingis 1864 – 1917 Elsie Inglis was born in 1864, in the small Indian town of Naini Tal, before moving back to Scotland with her parents. At the time of her birth, women were not considered equal to men; many parents hoped to have a son rather than a daughter. But Elsie was lucky – her mother and father valued her future and education as much as any boy’s. After studying in Paris and Edinburgh, she went on to study medicine and become a qualified surgeon. Whilst working at hospitals in Scotland, Elsie was shocked to discover how poor the care provided to poorer female patients was. She knew this was not right, so set up a tiny hospital in Edinburgh just for women, often not accepting payment. Disgusted by what she had seen, Elsie joined the women’s suffrage campaign in 1900, and campaigned for women’s rights all across Scotland, with some success. In August 1914, the suffrage campaign was suspended, with all efforts redirected towards war. But the prejudices of Edwardian Britain were hard to break. When Elsie offered to take an all-female medical unit to the front in 1914, the War Office told her: “My good lady, go home and sit still.” But Elsie refused to sit still. She offered help to France, Belgium and Serbia instead – and in November 1914 dispatched the first of 14 all-women medical units to Serbia, to assist the war effort. Her Scottish Women’s Hospitals went on to recruit more than 1,500 women – and 20 men – to treat thousands in France, Serbia, Corsica, Salonika, Romania, Russia and Malta.
    [Show full text]
  • ROBERT BURNS and PASTORAL This Page Intentionally Left Blank Robert Burns and Pastoral
    ROBERT BURNS AND PASTORAL This page intentionally left blank Robert Burns and Pastoral Poetry and Improvement in Late Eighteenth-Century Scotland NIGEL LEASK 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Nigel Leask 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–957261–8 13579108642 In Memory of Joseph Macleod (1903–84), poet and broadcaster This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements This book has been of long gestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Edicai Uvuali
    THE I + edicaI+. UVUaLI THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. EDITED BY NORMAN GERALD HORNER, M.A., M.D. VOLUTME I, 1931. JANUARY TO JUNE. XtmEan 0n PRINTED AND PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.1. i -i r TEx BsxTzSu N.-JUNE, 19311 I MEDICAL JOUUNAI. rI KEY TO DATES AND PAGES. THE following table, giving a key to the dates of issue andI the page numbers of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL and SUPPLEMENT in the first volume for 1931, may prove convenient to readers in search of a reference. Serial Date of Journal Supplement No. Issue. Pages. Pages. 3652 Jan. 3rd 1- 42 1- 8 3653 10th 43- 80 9- 12 3654 it,, 17th 81- 124 13- 16 3655 24th 125- 164 17- 24 3656 31st 165- 206 25- 32 3657 Feb. 7th 207- 252 33- 44 3658 ,, 14th 253- 294 45- 52 3659 21st 295- 336 53- 60 3660 28th 337- 382 61- 68 3661 March 7th 383- 432 69- 76 3662 ,, 14th 433- 480 77- 84 3663 21st 481- 524 85- 96 3664 28th 525- 568 97 - 104 3665 April 4th 569- 610 .105- 108 3666 11th 611- 652 .109 - 116 3667 18th 653- G92 .117 - 128 3668 25th 693- 734 .129- 160 3669 May 2nd 735- 780 .161- 188 3670 9th 781- 832 3671 ,, 16th 833- 878 .189- 196 3672 ,, 23rd 879- 920 .197 - 208 3673 30th 921- 962 .209 - 216 3674 June 6th 963- 1008 .217 - 232 3675 , 13th 1009- 1056 .233- 244 3676 ,, 20th 1057 - 1100 .245 - 260 3677 ,, 27th 1101 - 1146 .261 - 276 INDEX TO VOLUME I FOR 1931 READERS in search of a particular subject will find it useful to bear in mind that the references are in several cases distributed under two or more separate
    [Show full text]
  • Children, Education, and the British Empire, 1899-1950
    Savages or Citizens? Children, Education, and the British Empire, 1899-1950 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Rachel Ann Neiwert IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Anna Clark August 2009 © Rachel Ann Neiwert, August 2009 i Acknowledgments I first encountered Charlotte Mason when I was teaching at Intown Community School in Atlanta, Georgia. I am thankful that Intown was a school that valued books and learning and demonstrated those values by giving each teacher a complete set of Charlotte Mason’s books on education. I had no idea that those garishly pink books that sat on my bookshelf would turn out to be the genesis of this dissertation. Special thanks go to Lisa Cadora who nurtured my interest in Mason during my years of teaching there. I have been incredibly fortunate to have wonderful teachers, who encouraged me along the way, including Caitlin Corning and Kerry Irish at George Fox University and Denise Davidson and Ian Christopher Fletcher at Georgia State University. For pointing me in the direction of the University of Minnesota and Anna Clark, Ian Fletcher deserves particular thanks. When he told me he thought I would get along well with Anna, he was certainly right! I have not lacked for wonderful teachers here at the University of Minnesota. Seminars with Andy Elfenbein, Patricia Lorcin, MJ Maynes, and Gloria Raheja gave me space to try out ideas that became the chapters in this dissertation. Hopefully the work here is better for their interest and comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Physicians Serving in Serbia, 1915-1917: the Story of Dorothea Maude
    MUMJ History of Medicine 53 HISTORY OF MEDICINE Women Physicians Serving in Serbia, 1915-1917: The Story of Dorothea Maude Marianne P. Fedunkiw, BSc, MA, PhD oon after the start of the First World War, hundreds of One country which benefited greatly from their persistence British women volunteered their expertise , as physi - was Serbia. 2 Many medical women joined established cians, nurses, and in some cases simply as civilians groups such as the Serbian Relief Fund 3 units or the Scottish who wanted to help, to the British War Office . The War Women’s Hospital units set up by Scottish physician Dr. SOffice declined their offer, saying it was too dangerous. The Elsie Inglis. 4 Other, smaller, organized units included those women were told they could be of use taking over the duties which came to be known by the names of their chief physi - of men who had gone to the front, but their skills, intelli - cian or their administrators, including Mrs. Stobart’s Unit, gence and energy were not required at the front lines. Lady Paget’s Unit or The Berry Mission . Many of these This did not deter these women. They went on their own. women wrote their own accounts of their service .5 Still other women went over independently. Dr. Dorothea Clara Maude (1879-1959) was just such a woman. Born near Oxford, educated at University of Oxford and Trinity College, Dublin and trained at London’s Royal Free Hospital, she left her Oxford practice in July 1915 to join her first field unit in northern Serbia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Memorial Volume of St. Andrews University In
    DUPLICATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, ST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND. GIFT OF VOTIVA TABELLA H H H The Coats of Arms belong respectively to Alexander Stewart, natural son James Kennedy, Bishop of St of James IV, Archbishop of St Andrews 1440-1465, founder Andrews 1509-1513, and John Hepburn, Prior of St Andrews of St Salvator's College 1482-1522, cofounders of 1450 St Leonard's College 1512 The University- James Beaton, Archbishop of St Sir George Washington Andrews 1 522-1 539, who com- Baxter, menced the foundation of St grand-nephew and representative Mary's College 1537; Cardinal of Miss Mary Ann Baxter of David Beaton, Archbishop 1539- Balgavies, who founded 1546, who continued his brother's work, and John Hamilton, Arch- University College bishop 1 546-1 57 1, who com- Dundee in pleted the foundation 1880 1553 VOTIVA TABELLA A MEMORIAL VOLUME OF ST ANDREWS UNIVERSITY IN CONNECTION WITH ITS QUINCENTENARY FESTIVAL MDCCCCXI MCCCCXI iLVal Quo fit ut omnis Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella Vita senis Horace PRINTED FOR THE UNIVERSITY BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND COMPANY LIMITED MCMXI GIF [ Presented by the University PREFACE This volume is intended primarily as a book of information about St Andrews University, to be placed in the hands of the distinguished guests who are coming from many lands to take part in our Quincentenary festival. It is accordingly in the main historical. In Part I the story is told of the beginning of the University and of its Colleges. Here it will be seen that the University was the work in the first instance of Churchmen unselfishly devoted to the improvement of their country, and manifesting by their acts that deep interest in education which long, before John Knox was born, lay in the heart of Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Woman Suffrage Vol.V
    History of Woman Suffrage Vol.V By Elizabeth Cady Stanton History of Woman Suffrage Vol.V CHAPTER XLVI WISCONSIN. Progressive Legislation—The Rights of Married Women—The Constitution Shows Four Classes Having the Right to Vote—Woman Suffrage Agitation—C. L. Sholes' Minority Report, —Judge David Noggle and J. T. Mills' Minority Report, —State Association Formed, —Milwaukee Convention—Dr. Laura Ross—Hearing Before the Legislature— Convention in Janesville, —State University—Elizabeth R. Wentworth—Suffrage Amendment, , '81, '82—Rev. Olympia Brown, Racine, —Madame Anneke—Judge Ryan— Three Days' Convention at Racine, —Eveleen L. Mason—Dr. Sarah Munro—Rev. Dr. Corwin—Lavinia Goodell, Lawyer—Angie King—Kate Kane. For this digest of facts in regard to the progress of woman in Wisconsin we are indebted to Dr. Laura Ross Wolcott, who was probably the first woman to practice medicine in a Western State. She was in Philadelphia during all the contest about the admission of women to hospitals and mixed classes, maintained her dignity and self-respect in the midst of most aggravating persecutions, and was graduated with high honors in from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, of which Ann Preston, M. D., was professor for nineteen years, six years dean of the faculty, and four years member of the board of incorporators. After graduation Laura Ross spent two years in study abroad, and, returning, commenced practice in Milwaukee, where she has been ever since. By an act of Congress approved May , , Wisconsin was admitted to the Union. Its diversity of soil and timber, the healthfulness of its climate and the purity of its waters, attracted people from the New England and Middle States, who brought with them fixed notions as to moral conduct and political action, and no little repugnance to many of the features of the old common law.
    [Show full text]
  • By Emily Davies This Volume, First Published in 1866, Discusses the State of Female Education After the Ages of 16-18
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Higher Education of Women (Cambridge Library Collection - Education) by Emily Davies This volume, first published in 1866, discusses the state of female education after the ages of 16-18. Davies explores the contemporary differences between male and female education and advocates women's entry into higher education, providing specific suggestions on how this could occur and the benefits it could bring to both men and women. Aside from being a pioneer for women's suffrage in England, Emily Davies also sought out the rights to university access for women. The same year that Davies became involved in women's suffrage,... Mar 06, 2009 · The higher education of women by Davies, Emily, 1830-1921. Publication date 1973 Topics Women Publisher [New York, AMS Press Collection americana Digitizing sponsor Google Book from the collections of University of Michigan Language English. Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet ...Pages: 199People also askWhen did Emily Davies become mistress of Cambridge?When did Emily Davies become mistress of Cambridge?Davies served as Mistress of the College in 1873–1875. In 1877, Caroline Croom Robertson joined the management team as secretary to reduce the load on Emily Davies. The College (and the rest of Cambridge University) would only begin to grant full Cambridge University degrees to women in 1940.Emily Davies - Wikipedia Jul 01, 1988 · The Higher Education of Women, 1866 book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a...2.6/5(5)The higher education of women (1866) | THE CUSU WOMEN'S ...https://www.womens.cusu.cam.ac.uk/resources/...The Higher Education of Women by Emily Davies, first published in 1866, makes a forthright and vigorous case for the extension of professional and university education to women.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tour Through Scotland
    M2 . f • • &¥ be &J L~a- nA-cr_ g hgRiw'd &E&m*= it? $- .8 1#-5 -- ./ ~7~ • M33 ;)() LO A Tour Through Scotland: A Finding Aid of Scottish Travel Photography at the Archival & Special Collections, University of Guelph C \ By Danielle McAllister Honours Bachelors of Arts, Studio Art, University of Guelph, 2007" A Thesis Project Presented to Ryerson University. the Art Gallery of Ontario, and the George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film In partial fulfillment for the degree of Masters of Arts . In the program of . Photographic Preservation and Collections Management Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2010 © Danielle McAllister PRDPERTYOF RYERSON UNIVERSITY UBRARl ±brSS Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize Ryerson University and George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film, to lend this thesis project to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. ,. - I --I I Danielle McAllister , I further authorize Ryerson University and George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film to reproduce this thesis project by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or ~ individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. ii §k 1 I Abstract I i Among the various collections housed in the Archival & Special Collections CASC) at the University of Guelph is a group of photographic material that exhibits the integral role photography played in Scotland's tourism industry from the I nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Photographic publishing firms such as I G.W. Wilson & Co.
    [Show full text]
  • George Washington Wilson (1823-1893)
    George Washington Wilson (1823-1893) Photographically innovative and entrepreneurial in business, Wilson was the most notable, successful and prolific stereo-photographer in Scotland and perhaps the entire UK. Having trained in Edinburgh as an artist, he worked as a miniature portrait painter and art teacher in Aberdeen from 1848. He started experimenting with photography in 1852, probably realising that it could potentially supplant his previous profession. In a short-lived partnership with Hay, he first exhibited stereoviews in 1853 at the Aberdeen Mechanics' Institution. A commission to photograph the construction of Balmoral Castle in 1854-55 led to a long royal association. His photos were used in the form of engravings for Queen Victoria's popular book “My Highland Journal”. His best-selling carte-de-visite of her on a pony held by Brown (judiciously cropped to remove other superfluous retainers) fuelled the gossip surrounding this relationship. His portrait studio in Aberdeen provided steady cashflow and in 1857, to promote his studio, he produced a print grouping together famous Aberdonians, one of the earliest ever examples of a photo-collage. He soon recognised that stereoviews were the key to prosperity and by 1863 had a catalogue of over 400 views from all across the UK, selling them in a wide variety of outlets including railway kiosks and inside cathedrals. His artistic training helped him compose picturesque and beautiful images, but he was also an innovative technician, experimenting on improving photographic techniques, chemistry and apparatus, working closely with camera and lens manufacturers. He was among the very first to publish “instantaneous” views, ranging from a bustling Princes Street, Edinburgh to a charming view of children paddling in the sea, both dating from 1859.
    [Show full text]
  • Paseta Text.Indd
    The Kehoe Lecture in Irish History 2018 Suffrage and citizenship in Ireland, 1912–18 Senia Pašeta LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU 2019 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978-1-912702-18-3 (PDF edition) ISBN 978-1-912702-31-2 (paperback edition) DOI 10.14296/119.9781912702183 Senia Pašeta is professor of modern history at the University of Oxford and a fellow of St Hugh’s College, Oxford. A specialist in the history of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ireland, Senia’s current research focuses on women’s political activism and on connections between Irish and British radical politics. Her publications include Irish Nationalist Women, 1900–1918 (Cambridge, 2013) and Uncertain Futures: Essays about the Irish Past (Oxford, 2016). The Kehoe Lecture in Irish Historyis one of the principal named lectures hosted each year by the Institute of Historical Research, University of London. Inaugurated in 2016, the Kehoe Lecture promotes new research undertaken by leading scholars of Irish history and culture. Suffrage and citizenship in Ireland, 1912–18 Senia Pašeta Presented on 15 November 2018 at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London All Irish historians and anyone interested in Irish history will know that we have for some time been in the middle of a decade of centenaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory for the City of Aberdeen
    ABERDEEN CITY LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/directoryforcity185556uns mxUij €i% of ^krtimt \ 1855-56. TO WHICH tS AI)DEI< [THE NAMES OF THE PRINCIPAL INHABITAxnTs OLD ABERDEEN AND WOODSIDE. %httim : WILLIAM BENNETT, PRINTER, 42, Castle Street. 185 : <t A 2 8S. CONTENTS. PAGE. Kalendar for 1855-56 . 5 Agents.for Insurance Companies . 6 Section I.-- Municipal Institutions 9 Establishments 12 ,, II. — Commercial ,, III. — Revenue Department 24 . 42 ,, IV.—Legal Department Department ,, V.—Ecclesiastical 47 „ VI. — Educational Department . 49 „ VII.— Miscellaneous Registration of Births, Death?, and Marri 51 Billeting of Soldiers .... 51: The Northern Club .... Aberdeenshire Horticultural Society . Police Officers, &c Conveyances from Aberdeen Stamp Duties Aberdeen Shipping General Directory of the Inhabitants of the City of Aberd 1 Streets, Squares, Lanes, Courts, &c 124 Trades, Professions, &c 1.97 Cottages, Mansions, and Places in the Suburbs Append ix i Old Aberdeen x Woodside BANK HOLIDAYS. Prince Albert's Birthday, . Aug. 26 New Year's Day, Jan 1 | Friday, Prince of Birthday, Nov. 9 Good April 6 | Wales' Queen's Birthday, . Christmas Day, . Dec. 25 May 24 | Queen's Coronation, June 28 And the Sacramental Fasts. When a Holiday falls on a Sunday, the Monday following is leapt, AGENTS FOR INSURANCE COMPANIES. OFFICES. AGENTS Aberd. Mutual Assurance & Fiieudly Society Alexander Yeats, 47 Schoolhill Do Marine Insurance Association R. Connon, 58 Marischal Street Accidental Death Insurance Co.~~.~~., , A Masson, 4 Queen Street Insurance Age Co,^.^,^.^.—.^,.M, . Alex. Hunter, 61 St. Nicholas Street Agriculturist Cattle Insurance Co.-~,.,„..,,„ . A.
    [Show full text]