Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America

Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals

EDITEDBY CHRISTINE M. JAMS Brown University KATHLEEN M. SCOTT Rutgers University Louis L. JACOBS Southern Methodist University and Shuler Museum of Paleontology

1 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents

List of contributors vii 14 Hyaenidae 243 Preface ix ANNALISA BERTA

Introduction 1 Part III: Archaic ungulates and ungulatelike mammals CHRISTINE M. JANIS 15 Archaic ungulates and ungulatelike mammals 247 Part I: Overview of context for the evolution of CHRISTINE M. JANIS, J. DAVID ARCHIBALD, North American Tertiary mammals RICHARD L. CIFELLI, SPENCER G. LUCAS, The chronological, climatic, and paleogeographic background to CHARLES R. SCHAFF, ROBERT M. SCHOCH, and North American mammalian evolution 9 THOMAS E. WILLIAMSON DONALD R. PROTHERO 16 Taeniodonta 260 Tertiary vegetation of North-America as a context for mammalian SPENCER G. LUCAS, ROBERT M. SCHOCH, and evolution 37 THOMAS E. WILLIAMSON SCOTT L. WING, 17 Tillodontia 268 The Pleistocene terrestrial mammal fauna of SPENCER G. LUCAS and ROBERT M. SCHOCH North America 66 18 Pantodonta 274 RUSSELL W. GRAHAM SPENCER G. LUCAS Part II: Carnivorous mammals 19 Dinocerata 284 SPENCER G. LUCAS and ROBERT M. SCHOCH Carnivorous mammals 73 CHRISTINE M. JANIS, JON A. BASKIN, ANNALISA BERTA, 20 Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra") 292 JOHN J. FLYNN, GREGG F. GUNNELL, ROBERT M. HUNT, J. DAVID ARCHIBALD JR., LARRY D. MARTIN, and KATHLEEN MUNTHE 21 Arctostylopida 332 Creodonta 91 RICHARD L. CIFELLI and CHARLES R. SCHAFF GREGG F. GUNNELL Part IV: Artiodactyla Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea") 110 JOHN J. FLYNN 22 Artiodactyla 337 CHRISTINE M. JANIS, JAMES A. EFFINGER, Canidae 124 JESSICA A. HARRISON, JAMES G. HONEY, KATHLEEN MUNTHE DONALD G. KRON, BRUCE LANDER, EARL MANNING, Procyonidae 144 DONALD R. PROTHERO, MARGARET S. STEVENS, JON A. BASKIN RICHARD K. STUCKY, S. DAVID WEBB, and Mustelidae 152 DAVID B. WRIGHT JON A. BASKIN 23 Eocene bunodont and bunoselenodont Artiodactyla 10 Ursidae 174 H "... ("dichobunids") 358 ROBERT M. HUNT~ JR. RICHARD K. STUCKY Amphicyonidae 196 24 Entelodontidae 375 ROBERT M. HUNT, JR. JAMES A. EFFINGER 12 Nimravidae 228 25 Anthracotheriidae 381 LARRY D. MARTIN DONALD G. KRON and EARL MANNING 13 Felidae 236 26 Tayassuidae 389 LARRY D. MARTIN DAVID B. WRIGHT Contents

27 Oreodontoidea 402 36 Brontotheriidae 525 BRUCE LANDER BRYN J. MADER 28 Oromerycidae 426 37 Equidae 537 DONALD R. PROTHERO BRUCE J. MACFADDEN 29 Protoceratidae 431 38 Chalicotherioidea 560 DONALD R. PROTHERO MARGERY C. COOMBS 30 Camelidae 439 39 Tapiroidea and other moropomorphs 569 JAMES G. HONEY, JESSICA A. HARRISON, MATTHEW W. COLBERT and ROBERT M. SCHOCH DONALD R. PROTHERO, and 40 Amynodontidae 583 MARGARET S. STEVENS WILLIAM P. WALL 31 Hornless ruminants 463 41 Hyracodontidae 589 S. DAVID WEBB DONALD R. PROTHERO 32 Dromomerycidae 477 42 Rhinocerotidae 595 CHRISTINE M. JANIS and EARL MANNING DONALD R. PROTHERO 33 Antilocapridae 491 43 Proboscidea 606 CHRISTINE M. JANIS and EARL MANNING W. DAVID LAMBERT and JEHESKEL SHOSHANI 34 Cervidae and Bovidae 508 Part VI: Eutheria incertae sedis S. DAVID WEBB 44 Eutheria incertae sedis: Mingotherium and ldiogenomys, with Part V: Perissodactyla and Proboscidea editors' inclusion of other problematical eutherian taxa 623 35 Perissodactyla and Proboscidea 511 SPENCER G. LUCAS and ROBERT M. SCHOCH CHRISTINE M. JANIS, MATTHEW W. COLBERT, MARGERY C. COOMBS, W. DAVID LAMBERT, Appendices BRUCE J. MACFADDEN, BRYN J. MADER, Appendix I: Tertiary mammal localities 625 DONALD R. PROTHERO, ROBERT M. SCHOCH, Appendix II: References for locality listings 655 JEHESKEL SHOSHANI, and WILLIAM P. WALL Appendix III: Museum acronyms 667