[Italic Page Numbers Indicate Major References] Aaron's Locality, Alberta, 59 Acarictis Ryani, 157 Achaenodon Sp., 214 Acheronod

Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references]

Aaron's locality, Alberta, 59 Arfia, 118, 180 Biohorizon C, 144 Acarictis ryani, 157 sp., 88 Biomphalaria, 178 Achaenodon sp., 214 Arminto, 170, 179 biostratigraphic zonation, 2 Acheronodon, 59 Armintodelphys Bisonalveus, 61, 62, 87 acritarchs, 16 blacki, 177, 183 browni, 59 Adapidae, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, dawsoni 177 sp., 60, 67 194 Artiodactyla, 74, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, Black Butte, 45 Adrar Mgorn locality, 89, 93 96, 108, 129 Blackfalds, Alberta, 60 Africa, 72,74, 89, 91 Asia, 74 , 88, 93 Blindman River, 52, 58, 60, 62 Afrodon chleuhi, 94 Asiocoryphodon, 88 blue clay horizon, 175 Alberta, 2, 11, 16, 32, 52, 53, 56, assemblages Bobcat Draw, 140 57,58,59, 60, 61,62 , 65, 66, Buck Spring, 180,182 Bobcat Member, 16 67, 83 Elderberry Canyon, 207 bones Alberta Syncline, 52 lizard, 180 fossil, 188 Alberta Well, 56 microfossil, 9 fragments, 172 Allognath osuchus, 180 quarry, 180 Bow River, 52, 57, 58 alluvial fans, 170, 189 Tepee Trail, 208 braidplains, 170 alluvial paleosols, 135,149, 172 avulsion, 179 Bridger Formation, 108, 207 Alocodontulum, 108, 109, 114, 130 Brontotheriidae, 96 atopum, 109, 114 Baculites Bubogonia saskia, 55 Alphadon, 39, 40, 43, 44 asperiformis zone, 14, 18 Buck Spring Quarries, 169, 170, 172, sp., 45, 54, 55 clinolobatus zone, 11, 18 178 Alveojunctus, 180 gregoryensis zone, 4 B sequence, 174 Amia, 54, 56, 59, 63, 180 obtusus zone, 11 B-l horizon, 175 uintensis, 182 reduncus zone, 4 B-2 horizon, 169,175,176, 179, amphibians, 182 reesidei zone, 11 180,182 Amphidozotherium, 216 scotti zone, 4 blue clay horizon, 175 Amynodon advenus, 214 sp. zone, 12, 18 channel sandstone network, 173, Anacodon, 108, 122, 130 Badwater Creek area, 170 179 cultridens, 123 Baioconodon, 40, 45 C sequence, 174 ursidens, 120, 123, 165 denverensis, 55, 56 geology, 169,172 Anconodon, 59 sp., 54 horizon, 174 cochranensis, 57, 58, 59 Baiotomeus, 57, 58 K-5 area, 173, 179 gidleyi, 57, 59 douglassi, 57 K-6 area, 174, 179 Animas Formation, 16 sp., 60 paleoecology, 169 Anisonchus, 78 Baja California, Mexico, 73 paleoenvironment, 179 oligistus, 55 Balzac, Alberta, 56 subareas, 173 Anthracobunidae, 96 Bassariscus, 120 vertebrate fauna, 169 Antiacodon, 203 bat, microchiroptean, 213 Bug Creek, 32, 37, 38,40,42,43, pygmaeus, 203 Bathyopsis, 180 47, 48 Apatemyidae, 59, 60, 61, 190 Batodon, 40, 43, 44 faunal-facies, 32, 45 Apatemys, 90, 183, 190 Battle Formation, 54, 55 faunas, 34 bellus, 190 Bayesian approach, 164 Bug Creek Anthills, 32, 38, 42, 46 sp., 213 Bear Creek Coal Mine, 212 faunal assemblage, 32, 34, 37, 40, Apheliscinae, 59 Bearpaw cyclotherm, 17 46, 48 Bearpaw sea, 16 Apheliscus, 88, 120 Bugcreekian Mammal Age, 11, 32 Bearpaw transgression, 16 Aphronorus, 57 Bugcreekian Mammal Sub-Age, 37 Beaver Divide, 170 Bunophorus, 129 sp., 61 Belly River/Judith River complex, 16 Burbank, Alberta, 62 Aquilan, 11, 18 Beringia route, 74, 86, 93 burrows, 175 Aquillapollenites, 48 Big Bend area, 2 ampulus, 48 Big Horn Mountains, 170 delicatus, 48 Bighorn Basin, 45, 74, 80, 88, 107, Caenolambda, 57, 88 Archeronodon, 44 130, 136, 137, 140, 153, 170, sp., 57 Arctic Canada, 72,73,91,92,93 212, 228 calcite, 173, 175 Arctictis, 120 Billy Creek, 1, 40 Calgary, Alberta, 52, 57 Arctocyon biochronology, 40, 41, 52 Campanian, 9 ferox, 125 Biohorizon A, 165 Cannonball Formation, 73 primaevus, 123, 125 Cannonball Sea, 73, 78, 79, 92 Arctocyonidae, 56, 61, 63, 67 faunal turnovers, 154, 157 Canodnia, 90 Arctocyonides mumak, 125 paleontological hypotheses, 158 Cantius, 108, 115, 136, 137, 140, Arctodontomys, 158, 164 simulation models, 158 142 Arctostylopidae, 91 taxa disappearances, 157, 162 abditus, 115, 140, 142, 150 arenites, 173 Biohorizon B, 165 mckennai, 116, 140

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frugivorus, 140, 150 classification, plagiomenid, 212 Diacocherus ralstoni, 140 clay clasts, 48 meizon, 65, 66 torresi, 88 claystone, 172, 174 minutus, 61, 63 trigonodus, 115, 140 Cliff Mouse Sandstone, 14 Diacodexis, 89, 96, 108, 116, 129, sp„ 140 Clioscaphites choteauensis zone, 2, 130, 143 Cantwell Formation, 79, 86 11 metsiacus, 88 Canyon Ski Quarry, Alberta, 52, 53, coal, 34, 38, 55 pakistanensis, 96 65 Coal Valley, 56 robust us, 165 carbonates, 188, 189 Coalspur Formation, 52, 56 secans, 183 Carcinodon aquilonius, 55 Cochrane, Alberta, 52, 57, 58, 83 woltonensis, 183 Carnivora, 119 Colorado, 12, 45, 170 Diacodon, 87 Carpodaptes, 87 Colpoclaenus, 60, 87 Dichobunidae, 96, 203, 214 cygneus, 61, 65, 66 keeferi, 59, 61, 62 Dickson Dam, Alberta, 67 hazelae, 59, 60, 61, 63 sp., 57, 65 Didelphidae, 72, 90 hobakensis, 66 Condylarthra, 52, 54, 94, 120, 145 Didelphini, 91, 93 Carstairs, Alberta, 67 conglomerates, 171, 176, 188 Didelphodontinae, 59 Casper Arch, 170, 179 continental glaciation, 17 Didelphodon, 11, 40, 43, 45, 46 Catopsalis, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, continental uplift, 17 Didelphodus, 177 46, 54 Contogenys, 213 Didymictis, 119, 120, 130, 178 alexanderi, 39, 44, 45 Copelemur, 136, 137, 141, 142 protenus, 119, 165 calgariensis, 57 feretutus, 142, 150 sp., 88 joyneri, 40, 42, 45, 54 coprolites, 177, 179 Didymoceras cheyennense zone, 12, sp., 56 Cordillera, 16 18 Cedar Point Quarry, 83 Coryphodon, 88, 115, 127, 130, Didymoconidae, 88, 89 Cenozoic, 32 165, 176, 180, 183 Dilophodon minusculus, 214 Central America, 73, 90, 91 proterus, 88 dinoflagellates, 16 Ceutholestes, 215 sp., 177 dinosaurs, 32, 46, 54 Chalicothere, 214 Coryphodontidae, 87, 92 bone fragments, 46 Chambi, 94 Crazy Mountain Basin, 76, 83, 87 remains, 34, 38, 39, 46 Chamops segnis, 55 Crazy Mountain Field, 212 teeth, 45, 46, 47 Champsosaurus, 59, 63 Creodonta, 74, 116, 130, 178 diploglossines, 180 channel cappings, 34, 38 Creotarsus, 114 Dipsalidictis, 118 channel sandstones, 173 Crestomere School, Alberta, 52, 66 Discoscaphites nebrascensis zone, Chickaloon Formation, 86 Cretaceous, 2 11 Chriacus, 89, 108, 116, 118, 120, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 31, 32, Diss, Alberta, 53, 56 122, 127, 130 48 Dissacus, 78 baldwini, 59 Crevasse Canyon Formation, 14, 16 Dormaal Reference Level faunas, 92 pelvidens, 59 Croc Pot, Saskatchewan, 56 Dorsey Creek, 137 sp., 57, 66, 120 Ctenodactylidae, 96 Douglass Quarry, 83, 87 Chris's Bone Bed, 43,47 Cynocephalidae, 212 Drumheller, Alberta, 59 Cimexomys, 40, 43, 44 Cypress Hills, Alberta, 65 hausoi, 54, 55, 56 Dry Cottonwood Creek, 137 Cypress Hills Arch, 52 Dunbow Road, Alberta, 56 minor, 54, 55 Cypress Hills Conglomenate, 65 Cimolestes, 40, 43, 45 Cypress Hills Plateau, 54, 56 Eagle Sandstone, 16 cerberoides, 54, 55 Cyriacotherium, 60, 67, 74 simpsoni, 55 Eagles Nest Area, 39, 44 argyreum, 61, 66 Earendil, 45 stironi, 54 sp., 67 sp., 56, 94 Ectocion, 60, 87, 108, 126 Cimolodon, 40, 43, 45 collinus, 58, 59 Deadman Butte, 170 osbornianus, 66, 88, 121, 126 nitidus, 54, 55 debris parvus, 88 Cimolomys, 40, 43, 44, 45 clastic, 170 wyomingensis, 60, 63, 66 gracilis, 54, 55 plant, 178 sp., 64, 65 cladochronology, 42 Deccanolestes, 95 Ectoganus, 115, 123, 130 cladograms, 41, 42 DeGeer Bridge, 79 copei, 115 Claenodon DeGeer Route, 79, 86 gliriformis, 78, 115 ferox, 61 Deltatherium, 74 Ectypodus, 61, 183 montanensis, 57, 59 dentitions, 183 powelli, 60, 66 procyonoides, 87 Denver Basin, 45 szalayi, 58 sp., 59, 66 Deperetellidae, 96 sp.. 55, 58 Claggett cyclotherm, 17 deposits Edmontonian, 11, 18 Claggett Shale, 16 channel, 34, 38, 39 Egan Range, 188 Claggett transgression, 16 continental-shelf, 81 Ekgmowechashala, 211, 213, 214, Clark's Fork Basin, 87, 108, 154, flood-plain, 39 226, 229, 232 165, 166 noncharmel, 34 philotau, 213, 226, 229 simulation models, 158 quarry, 180 Ekgmowechashalinae, 213, 214 taxa disappearances, 157, 162 Desmatoclaenus, 89 El Kohol locality, 89, 94 Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age, 72, sp., 56, 59 Elbow River, 52, 57 74, 76, 87, 92 Desmoscaphites bassleri zone, 11 Elderberry Canyon, 188, 207 Clarkforkian-Wasatchian turnover, 88 DeWinton Quany, 56 Elderberry Canyon assemblage, 207

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Elderberry Canyon Local Fauna, 187, fossils Homogalax, 108, 127, 128, 130, 150 207 accumulation, 178 protapirinus, 128, 166 Elderberry Canyon Quarry, 188, 190 bones, 188 Horsehoe Canyon Formation, 11 Elk Creek, 137, 164, 165, 166 invertebrate, 178 Hosta Tongue, 14 Elko Formation, 189 jaw, 107, 146, 188, 192, 232 hot spot, 92 Elkwater, Alberta, 65 mammals, 77, 135 Huerfano Basin, 129, 170 Ellesmere Island, 73, 79, 86, 92 plant, 178 Hyaenodon, 119 Elphidotarsius, 87 postcranial, 108 Hyaenodontidae, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, russelli, 58, 59, 60 teeth, 107, 146, 172, 179, 188, 95, 118, 130, 196 wightoni, 59, 60, 61 212, 228 Hyemoschus, 130 Elpidophorus, 66, 88, 212, 227, 232 vertebrates, 136, 140, 170, 174, Hyopsodontidae, 54, 61, 199 elegans, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 212, 176, 178 Hyopsodus, 89, 108, 120, 136, 137, 215 France, 92 138, 140, 141, 143, 149, 182, patratus, 212 Frenchman Formation, 45, 54 199 Ely, Nevada, 187, 188 FRI. See faunal resemblance indices latidens, 138 Eocene, 71, 80, 86, 92. 107,135, Fruitland Formation, 12, 14, 16, 18 lysitensis, 141, 142 153,169,187,211 marshi, 200 Eoconodon, 45 Galeopithecidae, 212 minor, 138, 139, 141 sp., 55 Garatherium mahboubii, 94 miticulus, 138, 139 Eotitanops, 170 Garfield County, Montana, 45, 48 paulus, 183,199 borealis, 170 Gibson Coal Member, 14 powellianus, 141, 142 Epihippus uintensis, 214 Gidley Quarry, 83 uintensis, 214 Epiocothere, 213 glaciation, continental, 17 sp., 88, 138 Epoicotheriidae, 192 glaebules, 173 Hypercoryphodon, 88 Erickson's Landing, Alberta, 52, 63, Glasbius, 39, 40, 43, 45, 46, 212 Hyrachidae, 202 65 Glyptosaurus donohoei, 177, 178, Hyrachyus, 170, 188, 201, 202, 203, Erinaceid insectivoran, 213 180 207 Erinaceidae, 59, 60, 61, 63 Graybullian subages, 154 affinis, 202 Essonodon, 40, 43, 44, 45 Graybullian-Lysitean boundary, 144 gracilis, 202 Esthonyx, 74, 127, 145, 180 Great American Biotic Interchange, modestus, 201 bisulcatus, 127 79 Hyracodontidae, 96 Eucosmodon molestus, 57 Green River Basin, 170 Hyracotherium, 73, 74, 116, 126, Eucosmodontidae, 34, 59 Green River Formation, 189 127, 128, 129, 130, 143, 178, Eudaemonema, 61, 212, 227, 232 Greenland, 72,91,92 180, 182 cuspidata, 59, 121 Gypsonictops, 40, 43, 44, 45 grangeri, 88, 164 Eudinoceras, 88 illuminatus, 54 vasacciense, 176, 178 Europe, 73,91,92 Hyroachyus sp., 170 Eurymyloidea, 87 Hand Hills East, 59. 60 eustatic cycles, 17 Hand Hills localities, Alberta, 59 ice, polar, 17 Eutheria, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, Hand Hills West, 53, 60 Ignacius, 180 64 Hapalodectes, 121, 183 fremontensis, 59 evolution, shoreline, 1, 18 sp., 177 frugirorus, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66 Exiteloceras jenneyi zone, 18 Haplomylus, 88 sp., 65, 213 Haplomylus-Ectocion Range Zone, Iguanidae, 180, 213 fans 154, 165 illite, 173 alluvial, 170, 189 Harbicht Hill, 32, 39, 42, 43 India, 95 delta, 189 Harebell Formation, 16 Indian Meadows Formation, 170 fauna Helaletes, 203 Innisfail, Alberta, 59 Lancian, 32, 45 nanus, 203 insectivores, 114, 525, 180 mammalian, 1, 12, 18, 32, 75, 81 Helaletidae, 96, 203 invertebrate fossils, 178 nonmarine, 11 Hell Creek faunal-facies, 32 iridium, 39, 47 terrestrial, 11 Hell Creek Formation, 32, 34, 38, 45 anomaly, 38, 49 vertebrate, 169, 187 Hell Creek-Tullock contact, 49 Iridium Hill, 34 Wasatchian, 93 Hell's Half Acre, 179 Isectolophidae, 96, 203 zones, 76 Hell's Hollow area, 38, 38, 40, 43 Isectolophus, 203 faunal resemblance indices (RFIs), 75, Hell's Hollow Channel, 39, 40 latidens, 203 77, 92, 93 Hell's Hollow Local Fauna, 39, 40, faunal turnover, 75, 76, 154, 157 45 Jaculus, 115 Biohorizon A, 157 Heptodon, 127, 129, 130, 183 jaws, 107, 146, 188, 192, 232 simulation models, 158 posticus, 129 Jepsenella Praepropera, 59 Ferguson Ranch, 43, 46 Heptodon Range Zone, 127 Joffre Bridge, 53, 64 Ferris Coal Zone, 54 Herpetotherium, 72, 90 Mammal Site No. 1, Alberta, 63 Fifteenmile Creek, 140 edwardi, 91 Joffre Bridge Roadcut, Alberta, 62, Flat Creek, 5, 32 sp., 213 63 flora, 229 Herpijunk Promontory, 34, 39, 48 Joffre Pipeline, Alberta, 65 Foothills belt, 53 Heterocoryphodon, 88 John Day Formation, 213 Foremost Formation, 16 Holly's Microsite, 83 John Henry Member, 14 Forestry Trunk Road, Alberta, 67 Homacodont, 214 Judith River Formation, 16 Fort Union Formation, 170 Homo, 125 Judithian, 11, 18

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Kaiparowits Plateau, 14 Maastrichtian, 9 Microsyops, 108, 115, 178, 182, Kirtland Formation, 12, 16, 18 Machaeroides, 180 183 Kishenehn Formation, 232 Macrocr anion, 115 latidens, 115 Kisinger Lakes flora, 229 macroinvertebrates, 9 sp., 177 Kuldana Formation, 96 Mahogany oil-shale bed, 189 microtubules, 175 Maiorana, 45 Midway Group, 79 Labidolemur, 90 mammalian immigrants, 71 migrations Lambdotherium, 180, 182 dispersal routes, 72, 90 shoreline, 2, 8, 16 popoagicum, 170, 176, 178 origin centers, 72 standline, 14 Lambdotherium Range Zone, 136, mammalian zonation, 31 Milk River Formation, 16 170 history, 32 Mimatuta, 34, 40, 42, 45 Lance Formation, 32, 48, 212 mammals, 153,187 minuial, 39 Lancian Mammal Age, 11, 18, 32, arboreal, 180 morgoth, 40 34, 44, 46 early Eocene, 107 sp., 54 fauna, 32, 45 fossil, 77, 135 MimatutalOxyprimus biochron, 43 mammals, 44, 46 Lancian, 44, 46 Mimetodon, 57 Laramide orogeny, 2, 170 Paleocene, 51, 71, 91 siberlingi, 58, 60, 62, 66 Leipsanolestes, 88 terrestrial, 180 Mimotonidae, 59 Lepisosteus, 54, 56 Wasatchian, 130 Mimotricentes sp., 59 Leptacodon Mancos Shale, 14 Mingotherium, 78 mumusculum, 59 Mantua Lentil Local Fauna, 37, 45 Mixodectes, 216, 224, 227, 232 packi, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66 Mantuan, 37 Mixodectidae, 61, 212 tener, 59, 65, 66 map, paleogeographic, 72 models Leptictidae, 55, 59, 61, 108 marsupials, 32, 37, 39, 44, 72, 89, Biohorizon A simulation, 158 Leptictis, 115 180, 183 Clark's Fork Basin simulation, 158 Lerbekmo site, 34 Mattimys sp., 196 faunal turnover simulation, 158 Lewis Shale, 14, 17 McCone County, Montana, 37 pedofacies, 146 lignites, 34, 38, 39, 44, 63 McDermott Member, 16 Poisson, 159 Limaconyssus sp., 59 McGuire Creek area, 37, 38,40, 43, molluscs, 16 limb indices, 130 44 , 45, 46, 47 Mongoloryctes, 89 limestone, 60, 170, 172, 174, 175, McKeever Ranch, 40 Montana, 4, 16. 32, 37, 45, 47, 48, 179, 188 Medicine Hat Brick, Saskatchewan, 76, 83, 211 bioturbated, 178 44, 54 Monte Carlo studies, 185 bone-bearing, 187 Megalesthonxy, 127 montmorillonite, 173 laminae, 176 hopsoni, 127 Morales, 1, 39 lenses, bioturbated, 175 Mel's Place, Alberta, 60, 61 mudstone, 60, 136, 140, 142, 171, Lipotyphia, 57, 63 Menefee Formation, 14, 16 172, 174, 175, 176, 179, 188, Litaletes, 89 Meniscoessus, 12, 40, 43, 44, 45 229 sp., 55 robustus, 54 red, 173 Litocherus Meniscotherium, 180 multituberculates, 32, 52, 213 lacunatus, 59, 66 priscum, 88 Myledaphus, 54 notissimus, 60, 61, 63, 65 Mesaverde Formation, 16 bipartitus, 55 zygeus, 60, 63 Mesodma, 40, 43, 45, 55 Myrmecoboides montanensis, 59 sp., 59 formosa, 56 Myrmecophaga, 125 Litolestes, 216 pygmaea, 61, 62, 65, 66 tridactyla, 125 ignotus, 61, 65, 66 thompsoni, 54, 55, 56 Mytilus, 16 sp., 65 sp.. 54, 56 Mytilus zones, 16 litolestine, 60 Mesonychidae, 59, 121 Litomylus, 59 Mesonys, 121 NALMAs. See Land-Mammal Ages dissentaneus, 59 Metacheiromys, 108, 112, 114 Nannodectes, 87 orthronepius, 55 Metachriacus, 61 intermedius, 58, 59 Little Roundtop Channel, 38, 44 Metacoryphodon, 88 simpsoni, 60 Littleton Local Fauna, 45 MHBT Quarry, 53 sp., 65 lizards, 180 Miacidae, 94, 120 Nasua, 122 Long Fall Horizon, 44, 46, 54, Miacis, 116, 119, 120, 180 Necrosaurus, 177 64 sp., 120 sp., 177 Lophialetidae, 96 Microcosmodon Neoplagiaulacidae, 55, 56, 57, 59 Loreina, 170, 180 arcuatus, 55 Neoplagiaulacid multituberculate, 213 Lost Cabin Member, 169, 170, 171, conus, 66 Neoplagiauiax, 40, 43, 45, 60, 61, 179 woodi, 60, 61 62 Lostcabinian Land-Mammal Subage, sp., 66 hazeni, 60, 61, 62, 66 169, 180 Microcosmodontinae, 54, 56 hunteri, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66 Louisiana, 78 Micromomys kremnus, 55 Loxolophus fremdi, 61 macrotomeus, 57 schizophrenus, 55, 56 vossae, 66 nanophus, 57 sp., 56 Microparamys, 178, 196, 207 nelsoni, 57, 59 Lysite, 173 dubius, 213 sp., 65 Lysite Member, 170, 172 sp., 158 Nevada, 187, 188 Lysite Mountain, 170 Microsyopidae, 57, 60, 61, 63 New Mexico, 14, 140

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Niptomomys, 170, 180 paleoenvironment, Buck Spring primaevus, 66, 120, 126, 127 Nordegg, Alberta, 57 Quarries, 179 vortmani, 120, 126, 128, 165 North American Land-Mammal Ages paleofaunas, 144 sp., 88 (N ALM As), 11 paleogeography, 75, 79 Phenacolemur, 108, 115, 183, 213 North Horn Formation, 189 Paleonictis occidentialis, 158 Piceance Creek Basin, 170 North Saskatchewan River, Alberta, paleoshorelines, 8 Picrodus silberlingi, 59, 60 57, 67 Paleosinopa, 180. See also Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, 14 North Sea, 81 Palaeosinopa Pine Cree Park, Saskatchewan, 55 Notharctus, 116, 178, 192, 194 paleosols, alluvial, 135, 149, 172 placentals, 180 tenebrosus, 194 paleotemperatures, 81 Plagiomene, 150, 212, 215, 216, venticolis, 177, 178 Paleotomus, 59 227 Nyctitheridae, 59, 66 senior, 59 accola, 222 Nyctitherium, 59 Palette, France, 92 multicuspis, 212 celatum, 114 Pantodonta, 59, 67, 88, 127 Plagiomenidae, 211, 212, 213, 214, sp., 65, 177, 213 Pantolambda, 74, 87, 88 229 sp., 57 Planetetherium, 88, 212, 216, 228 Obik Sea, 78, 79 Pantolestes, 190, 192 mirabile, 212 Ocajila sp., 213 brachystomus, 129 plankton zones, 80 Okie Trail area, 171, 173 longicaudua, 192 plant fossils, 178 Oldman Formation, 16 Pantolestidae, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, Plesiadapidae, 62 Oligocene, 211 66, 192 Plesiadapis, 65, 87, 115 Oligoryctes sp., 213 Paracontogenys, 213 anceps, 59 Omomyidae, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, Paradoxurus, 120 churchilli, 52, 65, 66 96, 194, 213, 229 Paramys sp., 88 cookei, 92 One-jaw Gap, Alberta, 65 Paramyxidae, 96 fodinatus, 65 Opisthotriton, 56 Pararyctes, 56, 57, 59, 87 praecursor, 58, 59 Oregon, 211 pattersoni, 59, 60, 63, 65 rex, 59, 60, 61, 64 Owl Creek Mountains, 170, 172 sp., 60, 66 russelli, 92 Oxyacodon agapetillus, 55 Paratritemnodon, 96 sp., 61, 65 Oxyaena, 108, 116, 125 Parectypodus, 56, 57, 58 Plesiolestes sirokyi, 59 forcipata, 116 armstrongi, 55 Point Lookout Sandstone, 14 guio, 116 sinclairi, 58, 65 Poisson model, 159 intermedia, 116 sylviae, 58 Polar Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forest, platypus, 88, 116 sp., 55 86 Oxyclaeninae, 59 Parisectolophus latidens, 203 Police Point, Alberta, 65 Oxyclaenus, 87 Paskapoo beds, 212 pollen, 48 coras, 55 Paskapoo Formation, 52, 57,59,60, Pongo, 125 Oxyprimus, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44 61,62,63,64,65,66,67.See Ponoka, Alberta, 66 erikseni, 40, 54 also Porcupine Hills Formation Pontifactor, 114 sp., 59 Patrio felis, 118 Poplar River mine, Saskatchewan, 67 Oxyprimus/Peradectes biochron, 43, patterns, species-diversity, 82 Porcupine Hills Formation, 52, 56, 45 Pauromys, 196 57,58, 67 Pediomys, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45 postcranial fossils, 108 Pachyaena, 115, 120, 121, 127 elegans, 54, 55 Potos, 120 gigantea, 121 pedofacies, 136, 140, 143,149 Powder River Basin, 81 ossifraga, 121 model, 146 Prairie Province, 16 Paint Creek, 83 Pelycodus Pramys, 207 Pakowki Formation, 16 frugivorus, 115 predators, 178 Palaeanodon, 108, 109, 130, 145 jarrovii, 116, 140 primates, 74, 94, 108, 115, 149, ignavus, 108, 109 Pentacosmodon sp., 59 166, 180, 182 parvulus, 108 Pentapassalus, 112, 114 Princeton Quarry, 83 Palaeanodonae, 90,108 pearcei, 114 Probathyopsis, 91 Palaechthon, 56 Peradectes, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45 Procerberus, 34, 40, 43, 45, 46, 55 sp., 57, 59 elegans, 60, 61, 63 formicarum, 40, 54 Palaeictops, 213 protinnominatus, 65 Prochetodon, 61, 62, 63 multicuspis, 177 sp., 59, 60, 213 foxi, 66 Palaeonictis, 116, 118 Peradectes!Ectocoruis Interval-Zone, sp., 56 occidenlalis, 116 38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 48 Procyonidae, 120 Palaeoryctes punctatus, 59, 60 Peratherium, 72, 90, 91 Prodiacodon, 56, 61, 115 Palaeoryctidae, 54, 55, 56, 60, 63, constans, 91 concordarcensis, 59 65, 66 innominatum, 91 furor, 59 Palaeosinopa, 114. See also marsupium, 183 puercensis, 59 Paleosinopa mcgrewi, 91 sp., 56 Palaoesyops borealis Assemblage Periptychidae, 42, 54, 59, 78 Prodinoceras, 74, 91 Zone, 170 Perissodactyla, 74, 89, 91, 93, 94, Prolimnocyon atavus, 118 Paleocene, 71, 80, 86, 92, 170 95, 96, 127 Promioclaenus sp., 57 mammals, 51, 71, 91 Phenacodus, 87, 120, 121, 126, 111, Pronothodectes, 87 paleoclimate, 75, 80, 86 128, 182 sp., 57, 59 paleoecology, 169,180 brachypternus, 158, 162, 164, 165 Propalaeosinopa, 57, 66

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albertensis, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 R.C.A. Corehole 66-1, Alberta, 56 transgressive/regressive, 2 septentrionalis, 58, 59, 60, 61, Red Deer, Alberta, 52, 58, 61 shale, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 62, 63 Red Deer River, 52, 53, 62, 65, 67 66, 172 sp., 66 regional regressions, 17, 18 Shannon index, 81 Propiacondon sp., 115 Reithroparamys Sharps Formation, 229 Prosthecion, 88 delicatissimus, 196 Sheep Pass Canyon, 188 Protadjidaumo typus, 214 huerfanensis, 196 Sheep Pass Formation, 188 Protentomodon, 88 sp., 213 Sheridan Delta, 4 proteutherians, 32, 34 rhizoliths, 173, 180 Shiprock Local Fauna, 39, 40, 44, Prothryptacodon, 87 Rhynchocyon, 115 45, 47, 48 albertensis, 56 Rick's Place, 2, 45 shorelines Protictis, 197 Roche Percée, Saskatchewan, 52, 66 evolution, 1, 18 aprophatos, 213, 214 Rock Bench Quarry, 83 regressions, 14 dellensis, 66 rocks Stillstands, 14 laytoni, 66 host, 52 western, 1, 14 paralus, 61 marine, 7 Shoshonius, 170, 178, 227 sp., 57 prevolcanic, 189 cooperi. 111, 178 Prototomus, 118, 180 sedimentary, 9 siltstone, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63 Protungulatum, 34, 37, 40, 42, 43, synvolcanic, 189 Silveirinha, Portugal, 92 45, 46 Rocky Mountains, 14 Simimys, 196 donnae, 40, 42, 54 Rocky Mountains Foothills, 52, 57 Simpson index, 81 gorgun, 40, 43 Rodentia, 59. See also rodents Simpsonictis, 197 mckeeveri, 44 rodents, 59, 74, 87, 92, 93, 94, 108, enuis, 59 sp., 45 178, 180, 183, 207, 214 jayanneae, 57 ProtungulatumlMimatuta biochron, Rooneyia, 226, 228 pegus, 59 42 Russell Basin, 38, 40 Sinopa, 196 ProtungulatumJPeradectes Interval- Sinophians, 119 Zone, 37, 40, 44, 45, 46 St. Mary River Formation, 11 skeletons Proviverra, 197 Salamander, 213 remains, 107, 145, 178 Pseudotetonius, 166 San Juan Basin, 12, 14, 16, 18, 37, Willwood mammals, 108 Ptilodontidae, 57, 59, 60, 61 140 Slave Lake area, 2 Ptilodus, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, Sandcouleean subage, 154 South America, 72, 88, 90,91 67 sandstones, 14, 45, 54, 55, 56, 57, South Dakota, 211 kummae, 66 60, 62, 93, 140, 171, 172, 175, species tsosiensis, 55 179 disappearances, 157,162 Pusillus, 39, 44 channel, 173 Torrejonian, 73 Puercan Mammal Age, 32, 34, 37, network, 173, 179 Sphenodiscus (Coahuilites) zone, 18 40, 67, 76 Santonian, 9 Squaw Teats Divide, 140 fauna, 37 Saskatchewan, 34, 44, 45, 46, 47, Steinius vespertinus, 138 Punta Prieta fauna, 73 52, 53, 54,55,56, 66, 67 Stelocyon, 87 Purgatorius, 40, 44, 54, 68 southern, 45, 46, 54, 68 Sterco-Luscar coal mine, 56 ceratops, 40 Satan Tongue, 14 Stilpnodon sp., 63 sp., 55 Saunders Creek, Alberta, 57 Straight Cliffs Formation, 14 Purgatory Hill, 32 Saunders Group, 52 strandlines, 4 Saxonella, 60, 61, 68 Strigorhysis, 194 quarries Scaphites hippocrepis zone, 14, 18 studies, Monte Carlo, 158 Buck Springs, 169, 170, 172, Scarritt Quarry, 83, 212 Stygimys, 34, 40, 43, 45, 46, 47, 178 Scenopagus sp., 177 54 Cedar Point, 83 Scincidae, 213 camptorhiza, 55 Douglass, 83, 87 Sciuravus, 196, 213 kuszmauli, 40 Gidley, 83 eucrastidens, 196 sp., 56 Princeton, 83 nitidus, 196 Stylinodon, 180 Rock Bench, 83 wilsoni, 196 Subathu Formation, 96 Scarritt, 83, 212 sp., 196 subsidence, 17 TTA, 213, 228, 229 Sciuridae, 212 Swan Hills Site 1, Alberta, 52, 66 quarry assemblages, 180 Scmenge Point, 43 Swift Current Creek, 55 quarry deposits, 180 Scollard Formation, 32 quartz, 173 sea level Taeniodonta, 115 ancient, 2 Taeniolabis Ragnarok, 34, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47 fluctuations, 17 taoensis, 56 engdahli, 44 global, 17, 18 sp., 55 nordicum, 44 sebecosuchian, 177, 180 Tan-i-bryn rocks. Alberta, 67 Raoellidae, 96 Sebecus, 180 taphonomic data, 148 Raphictis, 66 Second Level, 39, 44 Tapirus, 130 gausion 60, 61, 66 sediment accumulation, 17 Taradectes, 211, 213, 221, 224, 226, sp., 60 Selenalestes, 203 229, 232 Rav W-l horizon, 52, 54, 55, 68 scopaeus, 203 montanensis, 213, 224, 228, 229, Ravenscrag Formation, 45, 52, 54, sequence 232 55, 65, 66, 67 epicontinental marine, 2 Tarka, 211, 213, 214, 224, 226

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stylifera, 213, 214, 215, 224, sp., 63, 66 Viverra, 119 228, 229 Titanothere, 214 Viverravidae, 59, 197 Tarsius, 115 Titus Canyon, 187 Viverravus, 165, 197 Tasmanites, 16 Tolstoi Formation, 86 bowni, 162, 164 Tatman Formation, 229 Torrejonian Land-Mammal Age, 76 gracilis, 197 Tatman Mountain, 140 Torrejonian-Tiffanian turnover, 87 minutus, 197 taxa tranport, sedimentary, 17 sp., 88 disappearances, 157,162 transgressions, shoreline, 14 Viverridae, 120 immigrant, 72,90 Tricentes, 89 volcanic detritus, 189 supraspecific, 87, 94 Triceratops zone, 2, 11, 18 Vulpavus, 119, 120, 130, 180 tectonism, 17 Tritemnodon, 118, 166 australis, 165 Tcdrow Dinosaur Quarry, 47, 48 strenuus, 166 canavus, 120 Tedrow Quarry Local Fauna, 39, 44, Trogolemur, 194, 208, 213 47 my odes, 194, 213 Wagon Bed Formation, 170 teeth, 107, 146, 172, 179, 188, 212, Trogosus, 127 Wasatchia, 129, 130 228 sp., 170 dorseyana, 129 Tepee Trail assemblage, 208 TTA Quarry, 213, 228, 229 Wasatchian Land-Mammal Age, 72, Tepee Trail Formation, 208, 229 Tubulodon, 114 76, 88, 92, 154, 169 Tethys Seas, 79 Tullock Formation, 34, 38, 45 Wasatchian mammals, 130 Tetonius, 166 Turgai Straits, 79 biostratigraphic ranges, 155 matthewi/steini, 166 turnover Washakie Basin, 114 steini, 164 Clarkforkian-Wasatchian, 88 Washakius, 227 Tetonoides tenuiculus, 164 faunal, 75, 76, 154, 157 Western Interior, 1,71, 87, 88, 90, Tetraclaenodon, 87, 89 Tiffanian-Clarkforkian, 87 91 puercensis, 57 Torrejonian-Tiffanian, 87 Whitemud Formation, 54 sp., 57 Two Medicine Formation, 16 Williston Basin, 52, 81 Tetrapassalus, 192 Willwood Formation, 107,130,135, mckennai, 192 Uinta Basin, 170 137,140, 149, 212 sp., 213 Uintacyon, 88, 119, 180 Wind River Basin, 114, 129, 170, Texas, 2 rudis, 162 179 Thisbemys, 215 sp., 120 northeastern, 170 Thosictis, 166 Uintasorex, 170, 176, 183,194 Wind River Formation, 169 deimia, 162, 164 parvulus, 196, 213 Wintering Hills, Alberta, 67 martia, 166 sp., 177 Worlandia, 216, 227, 232 Three Buttes Local Fauna, 39, 44 ungulates, 180 Worm Coulee 1, 40 Thryptacodon, 87, 89, 122, 127, archaic, 34, 45 Worm Coulee 5, 39 130, 180 arctocyonid, 37 Wyolestes, 89, 93 antiquus, 122 primitive, 39 apheles, 162 australis, 66 United Staes, southeastern, 73, 78, Wyolestinae, 89 olseni, 122 92 Wyoming, 16, 45, 48, 107,135, orthogonius, 59 Up Up the Creek Local Fauna, 39, 40, 153, 169, 211 sp., 122 44, 45, 46 Thulean Bridge, 79, 86, 92 uplift, continental, 17 xantusiids, 180 Thylacaelurus, 59, 224 Utah, 14, 170 xenarthrans, 90 Tiffanian, 67, 73, 91 Xenocranium, 112 Tiffanian-Clarkforkian turnover, 87 Vassacyon, 120, 180 Xestops, 177, 178, 180 Tiffanian Land-Mammal Age, 72, 76, Venezuela, 182 sp., 177 87, 92 vertebrates Xyronomys sp., 55, 56 Tile Quarry, Saskatchewan, 44, 52, aquatic lower, 182 54 Eocene, 169 Yakutat block, 86 Tillodontia, 88, 92, 93, 108, 127 fauna, 169, 187 Yellowstone National Park, 16 Timber Creek, 140 fossil, 136, 140, 170, 174,176, Tipperary flora, 229 178 Z coal, 38, 42, 48 Titanoides, 62, 87 terrestrial, 2 Z-Line Local Fauna, 39, 40, 45 primaevus, 66 Veryhachium, 16 Zanycteris palaeocena, 60, 61

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Contents Late Cretaceous (earliest Campanian/Maastrichtian) evolution of western shorelines of the North American Western Interior Seaway in relation to known mammalian faunas 1 Jason A. Lillegraven and Lawrence M. Ostresh, Jr.

Mammalian zonation near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 31 J. David Archibald and Donald L. Lofgren

The succession of Paleocene mammals in western Canada 51 Richard C. Fox

The biogeographic origins of late Paleocene-early Eocene mammalian immigrants to the Western Interior of North America 71 David W. Krause and Mary C. Maas

Postcranial skeletal remains and adaptations in early Eocene mammals from the Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming 107 Kenneth D. Rose

Systematic lateral variation in the distribution of fossil mammals in alluvial paleosols, lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Wyoming 135 Thomas M. Bown and K. Christopher Beard

A statistical assessment of last appearances in the Eocene record of mammals 153 Catherine Badgley

Geology, vertebrate fauna, and paleoecology of the Buck Spring Quarries (early Eocene, Wind River Formation), Wyoming 169 Richard K. Stucky, Leonard Krishtalka, and Andrew D. Redline

Mammals of the Bridgerian (middle Eocene) Elderberry Canyon Local Fauna of eastern Nevada 187 Robert J. Emry

Plagiomenids (Mammalia: ?Dermoptera) from the Oligocene of Oregon, Montana, and South Dakota, and middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming 211 Malcolm C. McKenna

Index 235

ISBN 0-8137-2243-8

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