Velar Palatalization: Catalan, Spanish and Bilingualism Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Ramírez Martínez, Marta Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 16:46:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624564 VELAR PALATALIZATION: CATALAN, SPANISH AND BILINGUALISM by Marta Ramírez Martínez __________________________ Copyright © Marta Ramírez Martínez 2017 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Marta Ramírez Martínez entitled Velar Palatalization: Catalan, Spanish and Bilingualism and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________ _______________________ Miguel Simonet Date: 6 December 2016 _______________________________________ _______________________ Ana M. Carvalho Date: 6 December 2016 _______________________________________ _______________________ Sonia Colina Date: 6 December 2016 _______________________________________ _______________________ Andrew Wedel Date: 6 December 2016 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. _______________________________________ _______________________ Dissertation Director: Miguel Simonet Date: 6 December 2016 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Marta Ramírez Martínez 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Primer de tot, gràcies als meus participants, que van haver de sofrir la interminable lectura de frases en calorosos mesos d’estiu. Sense la seva generositat no hi hauria tesi doctoral. També els hi he d’agraïr infinitament a totes aquelles persones que de manera desinteressada em van facilitar el procès a Palma, a Artà i a Manacor. Gràcies, gràcies, gràcies. Gràcies infinites al meu professor, director de tesi i mentor, el professor Miquel Simonet, per totes les hores que m’ha dedicat (i paciència que m’ha tingut) durant els darrers 7 anys. Aquest projecte mai no hauria estat així sense la seva meticulositat a l’hora d’escriure i de fer recerca. Gràcies, Miquel. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Professor Sonia Colina, Professor Andy Wedel and Professor Ana Carvalho, for the suggestions and comments you provided to make this work a better version of it. Especialmente, gracias, Ana, por tu ayuda y apoyo durante estos años, así como por las oportunidades que me has brindado en diferentes proyectos y en el departamento. Gracias también a mis compañeros desde el principio del viaje, Ryan, Kern, Casillas (y su conocimiento de estadística), Laura y Tasha, y a mis compañeras más recientes, Andrea y Miriam, por hacer el largo camino que es grad school mucho más llevadero con vuestro apoyo y amistad. Gracias a Ericka, Kariana, Karyme y Carlitos por darme una familia tan lejos de la mía. Gracias también a mis amigas de siempre, por seguir aguantándome a través de los años y de la distancia: Tam, Ori, Marga, Amelia, Isa, Vicky, Noemi, Carol, Elena, Rebe, Rocío, Mar y Kryss. Finalment, gràcies especials als Bombers de Palma, a l’Escola Municipal de Mallorquí, al Bar Ca’n Lliro, a l’Institució Pública M. Alcover, a l’Ajuntament de Manacor i a la Farmàcia Llull. 5 DEDICATION Per sa meva illeta estimada, Sa Roqueta, i pes meus illencs preferits, es meus pares. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………….……………..10 LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………11 ABSTRACT .…………………………………………………………………………….14 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .……………………………………………….……...15 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .……………………………………..………...20 2.1. Majorca: Linguistic, historical and sociopolitical context ………………….20 2.2. Velar palatalization as a diachronic process………………………………...24 2.3. Velar palatalization in the history the Romance languages………………....31 2.4. The case of Majorcan Catalan ……………………………………………....38 2.5. Phonologization ……………………………………………….……………43 2.6. Consequences of consecutive bilingualism ………………………………...54 2.7. The present dissertation ………….………….………….………….……….60 CHAPTER 3. METHOD………….………….………….………….………….……..…63 3.1. Participants………….………….………….………….………….……….…63 3.2. Materials………….………….………….………….………….……………67 3.2.1. Catalan materials………….………….………….………….…….67 3.2.2. Spanish materials………….………….………….………….…….70 3.3. Procedure………….………….………….………….………….…………...73 3.4. Acoustic analysis………….………….………….………….………….…...74 3.5. Statistical analysis………….………….………….………….………….…..80 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued CHAPTER 4. CATALAN………….…………………………………….……………...83 4.1. Introduction………….……………….……………….…….………….……83 4.2. Results.………….……………….……………….……………….…………85 4.2.1. Analysis of /k/ in Catalan………….……………………...…….…85 4.2.1.1. Center of Gravity………….……………….……………86 4.2.1.2. Relative Intensity………….……………….…………….88 4.2.1.3. Variance………….……………….……………….…….91 4.2.1.4. Summary of results for /k/ in Catalan…………………...93 4.2.2. Analysis of /a/ in Catalan.………….………….……………….….95 4.2.2.1. F1 measure………….……………….……………….….96 4.2.2.2. F2 measure………….……………….……………….….98 4.2.2.3. Summary of results for /a/ in Catalan………….......…..100 4.3. Summary of Catalan findings…………….………………….…………….101 CHAPTER 5. SPANISH…………….……………………………………….…………107 5.1. Introduction…………….………………….………………….……………107 5.2. Results…………….………………….………………….…………………110 5.2.1. Analysis of /k/ in Spanish………………………...……………...110 5.2.1.1 Center of Gravity…………….………………….……...111 5.2.1.2. Relative Intensity…………….………………….……...113 5.2.1.3. Variance…………….………………….………………115 5.2.1.4. Summary of results for /k/ in Spanish………………..…..117 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued 5.2.2. Comparing Catalan and Spanish /k/……………………………...120 5.2.2.1. Manacor…………………….………………………….121 5.2.2.1.1. Center of Gravity…………….………………122 5.2.2.1.2. Relative Intensity…………….……………….124 5.2.2.1.3. Variance…………….………………….…….126 5.2.2.1.4. Summary: Manacor Catalan and Spanish /k/..129 5.2.2.2. Artà ….……………………………….………………..130 5.2.2.2.1. Center of Gravity…………….………………131 5.2.2.2.2. Relative Intensity…………….………………133 5.2.2.2.3. Variance…………….………………….…….135 5.2.2.2.4. Summary: Artà Catalan and Spanish /k/…….137 5.3. Summary of Spanish findings…………….………………….…………….139 CHAPTER 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION…………….…………………….142 6.1. Summary of aims and experiment …………….………………….……….142 6.2. Summary of results…………….………………….……………………….144 6.2.1. Catalan data…………….………………….……………………..144 6.2.2. Spanish data (and Catalan-Spanish comparison) ………………..145 6.3. Discussion…………….………………….……………………….………..146 6.3.1. Velar palatalization in different Majorcan Catalan areas………..146 6.3.2. Velar palatalization: Coarticulation or phonologization? ……….149 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued 6.3.3. Two phonological changes: Can we establish the order of the influence?.....................................................................................152 6.3.4. Non-dominant speech of Catalan-Spanish bilinguals: Evidence of phonetic transfer? …………………………..……..……………156 6.4. Future directions…………………………………………………………...164 6.5. Concluding remarks………………………………………………………..167 APPENDIX 1…………….………………….………………….………………………171 APPENDIX 2…………….………………….………………….………………………173 APPENDIX 3…………….………………….………………….………………………174 APPENDIX 4…………….………………….………………….………………………176 APPENDIX 5…………….………………….………………….………………………178 APPENDIX 6…………….………………….………………….………………………180 APPENDIX 7…………….………………….………………….………………………181 APPENDIX 8…………….………………….………………….………………………182 REFERENCES…………….………………….………………….…………………….183 10 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Center of Gravity for group and vowel context for Catalan ………………………87 2. Relative Intensity for group and vowel context for Catalan ………………….…...90 3. Variance for group and vowel context for Catalan ………………………………..92 4. Normalized F1 and F2 values for /a/ ………………………………………………96 5. Center of Gravity for group and vowel context for Spanish ……………………..112 6. Relative Intensity for group and vowel context for Spanish ……………………..114 7. Variance values for group and vowel context for Spanish ………………………116 8. Center of Gravity for language and vowel context for Manacor ………………...123 9. Relative Intensity for language and vowel context for Manacor ………………...126 10. Variance for language and vowel context for Manacor …………………………128 11. Center of Gravity for language and vowel context for Artà ……………………..132 12. Relative Intensity for language and vowel context for Artà