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Background Guide REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS XVII 4 - 7 DECEMBER 2013 S C BACKGROUND GUIDE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS 5 - 8 MARCH 2014 | NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA PAGE 1 OF 1 NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS The 40th Annual Conference • March 5 – March 8, 2014 November 2013 Dear Delegates, It is with the absolute highest level of excitement that I welcome you all to NHSMUN 2014! CJ Stavrakos My name is Emily Goldenberg, and I am the Under-Secretary General (USG) of the Secretary-General Specialized Agencies. I started my time at NHSMUN three years ago as an Assistant Director University of Pittsburgh for the International Court of Justice, then as the Director of the same committee, and now I Ryan Youra am a USG. Director-General American University I’ll provide some fun tidbits here. I am a junior at UC San Diego where I am majoring in Lizzie Kubo-Kirschenbaum Political Science, and minoring in Economics and Arabic. From September to December, I Conference Director will be living in Rabat, Morocco for a study abroad program focused on Arabic language George Washington University immersion. Travelling is one of my most beloved passions, and over the course of the past Courtney LeNoir year I have been privileged enough to travel to Israel and Russia and spend six months living Chief of Staff in Washington, D.C. On those rare occasions that I do find myself actually present on campus, New York University I’m involved in the competitive Latin Ballroom Dance Team and spend extra time stirring up Maggie Lawrence trouble as part of the College Republicans. Director of Security Trinity College The Specialized Agencies at NHSMUN undoubtedly provide the most unique experience of Alec Guertin any committees. Not only are the topics more focused but also the smaller size of the Under-Secretary General committees allows for more intense and deeper discussion of the issues. Whether historical or University of California, present-day, all of the topics are relatable to current affairs and should consequently be very Berkeley applicable to discussions both in and outside the committee room. The Directors have put Elika Mazhar countless hours into writing the Background Guides, and I know they are just as excited as I Under-Secretary-General am about seeing those hours of research come to fruition in debate by all of you! If you have University of California, Santa any questions on any of the information found in the Background Guides please do not Barbara hesitate to contact either myself, the Directors, or the Assistant Directors. We are all here as a Brody Duncan resource for you to use. Under-Secretary-General McGill University Being a member of the staff at NHSMUN is undoubtedly one of the most rewarding Lily O'Connell experiences I’ve had in my life. Everyone on staff is exceptionally dedicated to their work, and Under-Secretary-General as delegates on the Specialized Agencies you will have the unique experience of getting to University of Pennsylvania know your Dais on a personal level—an opportunity that may not be found in other Shirley Wu committee rooms. Under-Secretary-General Princeton University Until March, good luck on preparation and research, and please never ever hesitate to reach Emily Goldenberg out to anyone on staff should you have any questions! Under-Secretary-General University of California, San Diego “Special” regards, Emily Goldenberg Under-Secretary General, Specialized Agencies [email protected] NHSMUN is a project of the International Model United Nations Association, Incorporated (IMUNA). IMUNA, a not-for-profit, all volunteer organization, is dedicated to furthering global issues education at the secondary school level. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS The 40th Annual Conference • March 5 – March 8, 2014 November 2013 Dear Delegates, My name is Max Kober, and it is with great enthusiasm that I welcome you to the Security CJ Stavrakos Secretary-General Council (SC) at NHSMUN 2014! I will be your Director as we simulate the most powerful University of Pittsburgh body of the United Nations. Charged with the duty of using all necessary methods to maintain peace and security throughout the world, the SC is hailed time and again as a voice for the Ryan Youra Director-General world and a force for good. It deals with only the most violent, contentious, and controversial American University topics that exist; the ongoing crises in Somalia and Côte d’Ivoire are no exception. Too often, it seems, Africa is overlooked with respect to conflict resolution and state building, when in Lizzie Kubo-Kirschenbaum Conference Director reality so many African countries demonstrate the potential to lead by example. Such is the George Washington University case in Somalia, where a civil war has caused decades of anarchy and chaos. But with the Federal Government of Somalia established and ready to take charge, the SC must ensure its Courtney LeNoir efforts are not hampered by militants and factionalism. African potential has likewise reared its Chief of Staff New York University head in Côte d’Ivoire, where a democratic government has taken power for the first time in the 21st century. But the recent civil war has devastated the economy and infrastructure, Maggie Lawrence leaving the fragile West African state in an uncertain position as free and fair elections loom. Director of Security Trinity College To give you a little information about myself, I am a sophomore at Tufts University in Boston Alec Guertin where I am majoring in International Relations with a minor in Arabic. UN has been a part of Under-Secretary General University of California, my life for over five years, and last year I was the Assistant Director for this very committee. I Berkeley am an active member of the Tufts Model UN Team, and I have attended fifteen conferences in all, including four NHSMUNs as a high school delegate. When not researching post-conflict Elika Mazhar African states, my hobbies include the violin and piano, as well as watching my New York Under-Secretary-General University of California, Santa Mets lose. Since attending Tufts I have become a bit of a language nut. In addition to studying Barbara Arabic and Portuguese, I am fluent in Spanish, and hope to learn Italian, French, and Hebrew. Brody Duncan Under-Secretary-General Over the course of your research, the Background Guide will serve as an important source of McGill University knowledge. It is by no means an exhaustive analysis of the topics presented, but it provides a comprehensive and thorough base from which to gather research. With al Shabaab still in Lily O'Connell Under-Secretary-General control of much of Southern Somalia and constant perpetrations of violence in Côte d’Ivoire, University of Pennsylvania a true understanding of these topics can be reached through a combination of research and following the news. I can be reached 24/7 at [email protected] to answer questions, Shirley Wu Under-Secretary-General address concerns, and help out. You should feel free to contact me with anything you need, or Princeton University just to introduce yourself! I look forward to seeing you and debating these topics in March, until then, keep in contact and keep up the good work! Emily Goldenberg Under-Secretary-General University of California, San Don’t forget to be awesome, Diego Max Kober NHSMUN is a project of the Director, Security Council @NHSMUN_SC [email protected] International Model United Nations Association, Incorporated (IMUNA). IMUNA, a not-for-profit, all volunteer organization, is dedicated to furthering global issues education at the secondary school level National High School Model United Nations 2014 SC TABLE OF CONTENTS A Note on the NHSMUN Difference ..................................................................................................... 1! A Note on Research and Preparation .................................................................................................... 3! Committee History ................................................................................................................................. 4! Simulation ............................................................................................................................................... 6! Topic A: The Situation in Somalia ......................................................................................................... 8! Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 8! History and Description of the Issue .......................................................................................................................... 9! Somali Civil War: Initial Engagement and Ceasefire ........................................................................................... 9! Battle of Mogadishu (Black Hawk Down) .......................................................................................................... 10! 1995-2000: Failed Solutions ................................................................................................................................... 11! History of Semi-Autonomous Somali Regions ................................................................................................... 12! Establishment of the Federal Government of Somalia ....................................................................................
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