DOCSLIB.ORG

HAWAII 1773 Capt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HAWAII 1773 Capt NATIONAL PARK . ortcuuaU UNITED STATES Historic Events DEPARTMENT OF THE HAWAII 1773 Capt. James Cook, Royal British INTERIOR Navy, landed on Island of Kauai. NATIONAL PARK HAROLD L. ICKES. Secretary 1792-3-4 Hawaii visited by Capt. George HAWAII Vancouver, Royal British Navy. OPEN 1794 Archibald Menzies, botanist, and ALL party of Vancouver expedition made J YEAR 9 4i first successful ascent of Mauna Loa. 1823 Kilauea visited and explored for first time by Rev. William Ellis and party. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SILVERSWORD IN HALEAKALA CRATER NEWTON B. DRURY, Director 1825 Kilauea visited and mapped by party under Lord George Byron. CO^TE^TS 1838 Lake of molten lava in Kilauea named Halemaumau by Count Strzelecki. A Giant Fern Cover AWAII NATIONAL PARK was the result of a broad depression at its 1840-41 Expedition under Capt. John created by act of Congress, top and of its gentle slopes, caused by Kilauea ....... 3 Wilkes, U. S. Navy, explored and H August 1, 1916, and placed under the lava flows from many lateral vents. Mauna Loa 6 mapped Kilauea and Mauna Loa. control of the National Park Service. It Within the depression is a vast pit, Haleakala 8 1856 Erection of first "Volcano House" consists of two sepatate tracts of land, Halemaumau, which often contains a hotel at Kilauea, a grass house. Roads and Trails 10 the Kilauea-Mauna Loa section, on the boiling, bubbling mass of molten lava whose surface fluctuates from bottom 1912 Hawaiian Volcano Observatory estab­ Island of Hawaii, and the Haleakala Mauna Loa Trip 11 to rim. Until 1924 molten lava was lished. section, on the Island of Maui. It con­ Trees and Shrubs . 11 tains 275.71 square miles, the greater usually visible at any time in Hale­ 1916 Aug. 1, Hawaii National Park estab­ portion cf which is in the Kilauea- maumau, but activity since then has Native Hawaiian Birds . 12 lished by act of Congress. Mauna Loa area. been spasmodic. Its risings are accom­ Kipuka Puaulu 13 1933 Airplanes used for first time to carry The park was established to conserve panied by brilliant fountains and in­ Interpretive Service . 13 visitors to witness eruption of Mauna the most spectacular volcanic areas in flows of liquid lava, and its lowerings Loa. HuioPele 13 the United States. Its craters, active by tremendous avalanches which send and dormant, may be approached with up enormous dust clouds. Administration 14 1934 President Roosevelt visited the park. First American President to visit park reasonable safety. A century and a half ago, in 1790, Free Public Campgrounds . 14 while in office. Kilauea became unusually active, and Army Camp 14 1935 Feb. 23, dedication of the Haleakala KILAUEA its violent blast of ash destroyed a Ha­ waiian army. Footprints in the volcanic Accommodations and Road. In the Kilauea-Mauna Loa section of ash are still visible today. Following Expenses 14 1935-36 Important scientific bombing ex­ Hawaii National Park is the volcano of this great activity, the volcano was in­ periment successfully carried out by Miscellaneous Services ... 14 Army Air Corps during eruption Kilauea. This volcano, probably older active for many decades, and no rocks Communication Service. 14 from northeast rift of Mauna Loa. than its neighbor, towering Mauna Loa, or ash were ejected until 1924. Photographic Supplies . 15 creates the impression of being a crater During the autumn of 1923 the lake 1940 Mauna Loa erupted April 7 in sum­ in the side of the higher mountain, al­ of fire drained away, then gradually How to Reach the Park . 15 mit crater, Mokuaweoweo. though it is itself a mountain with an returned until the pit contained a 50- altitude of 4,090 feet. This illusion is acre lake of seething lava. Lava geysers 2 Hawaii National Park • Hawaii Hawaii National Park • Hawaii 3 1940 FOUNTAIN ACTIVITY, MOKUAWEOWEO CRATER, SUMMIT MAUNA LOA appeared on its surface, sending incan­ July 1927, a similar display occurred, descent sprays 150 feet into the air. In lasting for two weeks, and in January 1924 the lake disappeared and crum­ 1928, the fire returned for one night bling masses of rock fell into the smok­ only. Gas and vapor rise continually. ing pit, choking the vents through During 1929 spectacular lava inflows which the volcanic gases had escaped. A occurred in February and July, raising few months later when steam blasts un­ the floor level 55 and 45 feet, respec­ expectedly occurred, the vents were tively. The pit depth in December 1929, cleared by tremendous explosions which was 1,050 feet and the floor area 48 hurled boulders and ash thousands of acres. On November 19, 1930, molten feet into the air. The violent disturb­ lava again appeared in Halemaumau. ances continued three weeks, by which Activity continued until December 7. time the fire pit had been enlarged to This activity raised the floor of the pit four times its former size, the opening 70 feet; the surface area of the floor being 190 acres in area and 1,200 feet then covered 62 acres. deep. A few weeks later, when all was Following a series of earthquakes, quiet, a roaring jet of lava appeared at molten lava broke into the bottom of the bottom of the pit, sending up a Halemaumau on December 23, 1931. steady spray 200 feet high, building up The activity lasted as a spectacular dis­ a small cinder cone, and forming a 10- play until January 5, 1932. During the acre lava lake on the floor of the pit. In activity the pit was filled to a depth of 4 Hawaii National Park * Hawaii Hawaii National Park * Hawaii 5 100 feet with lava, resulting in a new crater, Mokuaweoweo, is included in highway crosses, 40 miles west of the flow that threatened Hilo. The Army floor of 88 acres, which was 860 feet the national park. Included also is a park headquarters. Air Corps successfully bombed the below the rim of the pit. broad connecting belt between the two 1899, a flank eruption from the upper channels of this flow to divert it At about 2:45 a. m. on September 6, volcanoes. Mauna Loa thrusts its great northeast rift. before reaching the town. 1934, without much preliminary warn­ bulk 13,680 feet above the surrounding 1919, the Alika flow, from the south­ 1940, with no perceptible warning, Pacific. By eruptions in its summit crater ing, molten lava again returned to the west rift that crossed the highway on a 4-mile crack opened extending across and flank outbreaks it is constantly add­ fire pit in Kilauea. This eruption in its the southwest side of the island. the summit crater and a short distance ing to its mass. early stages was one of the most spec­ 1926, a large flow from the southwest outside to the southwest, in the late eve­ tacular on record. Highly charged with In action Mauna Loa is even more rift that destroyed portions of the Belt ning of April 7. This was a gorgeous gas released from tremendous pressure, spectacular than Kilauea; steam vents Highway in South Kona and the fishing display that lasted to midafternoon of the frothy lava burst through a crack continually send feathery clouds into village of Hoopuloa as it reached the April 8, when the fountaining activity 700 feet long, half way up the western the air. Mokuaweoweo and Kilauea are sea. concentrated near the southwest center wall of the crater, cascading in rivers of approximately equal size, but the 1933, a summit eruption. At this time of the crater. This eruption lasted con­ of fire 425 feet to the floor below. The former is slowly increasing its area by airplanes were first used to take sight­ tinuously to June 21, and spasmodically force of the lava cracked open the old slumping and breaking down of its seers over the eruption. until August 20. This is the longest floor left by the 1931-32 eruption across outer walls. Extending northeast and 1935, the northeast rift erupted for period of summit activity since the erup­ its northern and northwest end, and southwest from the summit are volcanic the first time since 1899, producing a tion of 1873-74. along the foot of the western wall dense rifts with many deep rents formed by clouds of sulphur fumes poured out, as earthquake and eruption as well as the fiery fountains shot the liquid lava many brilliantly colored spatter cones, high into the air. As in the previous some 200 feet in height. These rifts eruption, blocks of light pumice thrown have been the source of most of the out from the vents were whirled upward recent eruptions, though the summit by the heat currents and gales of wind, crater is also frequently active. and deposited in shattered fragments Following are major eruptions of over the land for more than a mile to Mauna Loa: leeward. In a few days the crater had 1873-74, a summit eruption of 18 been filled with new lava to a depth of months' duration. 70 feet, and instead of the countless frothy fountains of the initial outbreak 1877, a submarine eruption, 1 mile the activity centered in a lake of fire off shore near Kealakekua Bay. with from 5 to 10 fountains continu­ 1880-81, a flank eruption of 9 ously throwing jets of heavy liquid lava months' duration on the northeast rift, 50 to 200 feet above the lake. The erup­ that produced three major lava streams, tion ended on October 8, leaving a new one to the southward, one to the north floor of about 95 acres and about 740 in the direction of Kilauea, and the feet below the rim.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hawaii Been Researched for You Rect Violation of Copyright Already and Collected Into Laws
    COPYRIGHT 2003/2ND EDITON 2012 H A W A I I I N C Historically Speaking Patch Program ABOUT THIS ‘HISTORICALLY SPEAKING’ MANUAL PATCHWORK DESIGNS, This manual was created Included are maps, crafts, please feel free to contact TABLE OF CONTENTS to assist you or your group games, stories, recipes, Patchwork Designs, Inc. us- in completing the ‘The Ha- coloring sheets, songs, ing any of the methods listed Requirements and 2-6 waii Patch Program.’ language sheets, and other below. Answers educational information. Manuals are books written These materials can be Festivals and Holidays 7-10 to specifically meet each reproduced and distributed 11-16 requirement in a country’s Games to the individuals complet- patch program and help ing the program. Crafts 17-23 individuals earn the associ- Recipes 24-27 ated patch. Any other use of these pro- grams and the materials Create a Book about 28-43 All of the information has contained in them is in di- Hawaii been researched for you rect violation of copyright already and collected into laws. Resources 44 one place. Order Form and Ship- 45-46 If you have any questions, ping Chart Written By: Cheryle Oandasan Copyright 2003/2012 ORDERING AND CONTACT INFORMATION SPECIAL POINTS OF INTEREST: After completing the ‘The Patchwork Designs, Inc. Using these same card types, • Celebrate Festivals Hawaii Patch Program’, 8421 Churchside Drive you may also fax your order to Gainesville, VA 20155 (703) 743-9942. • Color maps and play you may order the patch games through Patchwork De- Online Store signs, Incorporated. You • Create an African Credit Card Customers may also order beaded necklace.
    [Show full text]
  • Life in Mauna Kea's Alpine Desert
    Life in Mauna Kea’s by Mike Richardson Alpine Desert Lycosa wolf spiders, a centipede that preys on moribund insects that are blown to the summit, and the unique, flightless wekiu bug. A candidate for federal listing as an endangered species, the wekiu bug was first discovered in 1979 by entomologists on Pu‘u Wekiu, the summit cinder cone. “Wekiu” is Hawaiian for “topmost” or “summit.” The wekiu bug belongs to the family Lygaeidae within the order of insects known as Heteroptera (true bugs). Most of the 26 endemic Hawaiian Nysius species use a tube-like beak to feed on native plant seed heads, but the wekiu bug uses its beak to suck the hemolymph (blood) from other insects. High above the sunny beaches, rocky coastline, Excluding its close relative Nysius a‘a on the nearby Mauna Loa, the wekiu bug and lush, tropical forests of the Big Island of Hawai‘i differs from all the world’s 106 Nysius lies a unique environment unknown even to many species in its predatory habits and unusual physical characteristics. The bug residents. The harsh, barren, cold alpine desert is so possesses nearly microscopically small hostile that it may appear devoid of life. However, a wings and has the longest, thinnest legs few species existing nowhere else have formed a pre- and the most elongated head of any Lygaeid bug in the world. carious ecosystem-in-miniature of insects, spiders, The wekiu bug, about the size of a other arthropods, and simple plants and lichens. Wel­ grain of rice, is most often found under rocks and cinders where it preys diur­ come to the summit of Mauna Kea! nally (during daylight) on insects and Rising 13,796 feet (4,205 meters) dependent) community of arthropods even birds that are blown up from lower above sea level, Mauna Kea is the was uncovered at the summit.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Roadside Alien Plants in Hawai`I Volcanoes National Park and Adjacent Residential Areas 2001–2005
    Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANts IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 Linda W. Pratt1 Keali`i F. Bio2 James D. Jacobi1 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kilauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CA03WRAG0036 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANTS IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 1 2 1 LINDA W. PRATT , KEALI`I F. BIO , AND JAMES D. JACOBI 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices ( http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/ ). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003
    “Giant of the Pacific” Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Plan of encampment on Mauna Loa summit illustrated by C. Wilkes, Engraved by N. Gimbrede (Wilkes 1845; vol. IV:155) Prepared by Dennis Dougherty B.A., Project Director Edited by J. Moniz-Nakamura, Ph. D. Principal Investigator Pacific Island Cluster Publications in Anthropology #4 National Park Service Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park Department of the Interior 2004 “Giant of the Pacific” Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Prepared by Dennis Dougherty, B.A. Edited by J. Moniz-Nakamura, Ph.D. National Park Service Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park P.O. Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 November, 2004 Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Executive Summary and Acknowledgements The Mauna Loa Reconnaissance project was designed to generate archival and inventory/survey level recordation for previously known and unknown cultural resources within the high elevation zones (montane, sub-alpine, and alpine) of Mauna Loa. Field survey efforts included collecting GPS data at sites, preparing detailed site plan maps and feature descriptions, providing site assessment and National Register eligibility, and integrating the collected data into existing site data bases within the CRM Division at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). Project implementation included both pedestrian transects and aerial transects to accomplish field survey components and included both NPS and Research Corporation University of Hawaii (RCUH) personnel. Reconnaissance of remote alpine areas was needed to increase existing data on historic and archeological sites on Mauna Loa to allow park managers to better plan for future projects. The reconnaissance report includes a project introduction; background sections including physical descriptions, cultural setting overview, and previous archeological studies; fieldwork sections describing methods, results, and feature and site summaries; and a section on conclusions and findings that provide site significance assessments and recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ad E& MAY 2 6 1967
    FEBRUARY, 1966 254 &Ad e& MAY 2 6 1967 Amstrong, Richard,presents census report 145; Minister of Public Abbott, Dr. Agatin 173 Instruction 22k; 227, 233, 235, 236, Abortion 205 23 7 About A Remarkable Stranger, Story 7 Arnlstrong, Mrs. Richard 227 Adms, Capt . Alexander, loyal supporter Armstrong, Sam, son of Richard 224 of Kamehameha I 95; 96, 136 Ashford, Volney ,threatens Kalakaua 44 Adans, E.P., auctioneer 84 Ashford and Ashford 26 Adams, Romanzo, 59, 62, 110, 111, ll3, Asiatic cholera 113 Ilk, 144, 146, 148, 149, 204, 26 ---Askold, Russian corvette 105, 109 Adams Gardens 95 Astor, John Jacob 194, 195 Adams Lane 95 Astoria, fur trading post 195, 196 Adobe, use of 130 Atherton, F.C, 142 ---mc-Advertiser 84, 85 Attorney General file 38 Agriculture, Dept. of 61 Auction of Court House on Queen Street kguiar, Ernest Fa 156 85 Aiu, Maiki 173 Auhea, Chiefess-Premier 132, 133 illmeda, Mrs. Frank 169, 172 Auld, Andrew 223 Alapai-nui, Chief of Hawaii 126 Austin, James We 29 klapai Street 233 Automobile, first in islands 47 Alapa Regiment 171 ---Albert, barkentine 211 kle,xander, Xary 7 Alexander, W.D., disputes Adams 1 claim Bailey, Edward 169; oil paintings by 2s originator of flag 96 170: 171 Alexander, Rev. W.P., estimates birth mile: House, Wailuku 169, 170, 171 and death rates 110; 203 Bailey paintings 170, 171 Alexander Liholiho SEE: Kamehameha IV Baker, Ray Jerome ,photographer 80, 87, 7 rn Aliiolani Hale 1, 41 opens 84 1 (J- Allen, E.H., U.S. Consul 223, 228 Baker, T.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Wao Kele O Puna Comprehensive Management Plan
    Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan Prepared for: August, 2017 Prepared by: Nālehualawaku‘ulei Nālehualawaku‘ulei Nā-lehua-lawa-ku‘u-lei is a team of cultural resource specialists and planners that have taken on the responsibilities in preparing this comprehensive management for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Nā pua o kēia lei nani The flowers of this lovely lei Lehua a‘o Wao Kele The lehua blossoms of Wao Kele Lawa lua i kēia lei Bound tightly in this lei Ku‘u lei makamae My most treasured lei Lei hiwahiwa o Puna Beloved lei of Puna E mālama mākou iā ‘oe Let us serve you E hō mai ka ‘ike Grant us wisdom ‘O mākou nā pua For we represent the flowers O Nālehualawaku‘ulei Of Nālehualawaku‘ulei (Poem by na Auli‘i Mitchell, Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i) We come together like the flowers strung in a lei to complete the task put before us. To assist in the preservation of Hawaiian lands, the sacred lands of Wao Kele o Puna, therefore we are: The Flowers That Complete My Lei Preparation of the Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan In addition to the planning team (Nālehualawaku‘ulei), many minds and hands played important roles in the preparation of this Wao Kele o Puna Comprehensive Management Plan. Likewise, a number of support documents were used in the development of this plan (many are noted as Appendices). As part of the planning process, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs assembled the ‘Aha Kūkā (Advisory Council), bringing members of the diverse Puna community together to provide mana‘o (thoughts and opinions) to OHA regarding the development of this comprehensive management plan (CMP).
    [Show full text]
  • Then & Now:Volcano House Reincarnate
    “The Life” Celebrating the arts, culture, and sustainability of the Hawaiian Islands Hawai‘i Island Edition July-August 2013 • Iulai–‘Aukake 2013 1907 Postcard HAVO 4857 Then &Uncovering Now:Volcano Old Beauty and Discovering House Hawai‘i’s ReincarnateOldest Hotel Anew | By Alan D. McNarie KeOlaMagazine.com | July/August 2013 | July/August KeOlaMagazine.com he grand dame of Hawai‘i hotels is back! Volcano House began checking in visitors March 22 for the first time since it closed for structural upgrades and interior renovationsT on December 31, 2009. On June 1 the lobby, dining room, gift shop, and bar also reopened for business. Visitors familiar with the island’s oldest hotel will find completely new décor. Gone is the dark wood paneling, dark brown overstuffed leather sofas, and most of koa rocking chairs that gave the hotel’s great room its former gentleman’s club feel. The walls are a much lighter color now, and the lounge is furnished with modern wicker-rattan, as is common in most Volcano House Hotel circa 1866, at the edge hotels in Hawai‘i. Vintage photographs displaying a pictorial of Kīlauea volcano. Mark Twain stayed here and wrote history of the hotel that used to hang on the walls of the bar about it in his book Roughing It. and hallways are gone. The great room is now decorated The Volcano House, circa 1912. The center was built in 1891. The wing on the right is the 1877 structure. Photograph by Robert K. Bonine via Library of Congress website with copies of Volcano School art, the current lānai area once What remains are familiar staples.
    [Show full text]
  • THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution
    VOLCANISM IN HAWAII Chapter 1 - .-............,. THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution By David A. Clague and G. Brent Dalrymple ABSTRACT chain, the near-fixity of the hot spot, the chemistry and timing of The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain stretches nearly the eruptions from individual volcanoes, and the detailed geom­ 6,000 km across the North Pacific Ocean and consists of at least etry of volcanism. None of the geophysical hypotheses pro­ t 07 individual volcanoes with a total volume of about 1 million posed to date are fully satisfactory. However, the existence of km3• The chain is age progressive with still-active volcanoes at the Hawaiian ewell suggests that hot spots are indeed hot. In the southeast end and 80-75-Ma volcanoes at the northwest addition, both geophysical and geochemical hypotheses suggest end. The bend between the Hawaiian and .Emperor Chains that primitive undegassed mantle material ascends beneath reflects a major change in Pacific plate motion at 43.1 ± 1.4 Ma Hawaii. Petrologic models suggest that this primitive material and probably was caused by collision of the Indian subcontinent reacts with the ocean lithosphere to produce the compositional into Eurasia and the resulting reorganization of oceanic spread­ range of Hawaiian lava. ing centers and initiation of subduction zones in the western Pacific. The volcanoes of the chain were erupted onto the floor of the Pacific Ocean without regard for the age or preexisting INTRODUCTION structure of the ocean crust. Hawaiian volcanoes erupt lava of distinct chemical com­ The Hawaiian Islands; the seamounts, hanks, and islands of positions during four major stages in their evolution and the Hawaiian Ridge; and the chain of Emperor Seamounts form an growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian Hotspot
    V51B-0546 (AGU Fall Meeting) High precision Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope geochemistry of alkalic early Kilauea magmas from the submarine Hilina bench region, and the nature of the Hilina/Kea mantle component J-I Kimura*, TW Sisson**, N Nakano*, ML Coombs**, PW Lipman** *Department of Geoscience, Shimane University **Volcano Hazard Team, USGS JAMSTEC Shinkai 6500 81 65 Emperor Seamounts 56 42 38 27 20 12 5 0 Ma Hawaii Islands Ready to go! Hawaiian Hotspot N ' 0 3 ° 9 Haleakala 1 Kea trend Kohala Loa 5t0r6 end Mauna Kea te eii 95 ol Hualalai Th l 504 na io sit Mauna Loa Kilauea an 509 Tr Papau 208 Hilina Seamont Loihi lic ka 209 Al 505 N 98 ' 207 0 0 508 ° 93 91 9 1 98 KAIKO 99 SHINKAI 02 KAIKO Loa-type tholeiite basalt 209 Transitional basalt 95 504 208 Alkalic basalt 91 508 0 50 km 155°00'W 154°30'W Fig. 1: Samples obtained by Shinkai 6500 and Kaiko dives in 1998-2002 10 T-Alk Mauna Kea 8 Kilauea Basanite Mauna Loa -K M Hilina (low-Si tholeiite) 6 Hilina (transitional) Hilina (alkali) Kea Hilina (basanite) 4 Loa Hilina (nephelinite) Papau (Loa type tholeiite) primary 2 Nep Basaltic Basalt andesite (a) 0 35 40 45 50 55 60 SiO2 Fig. 2: TAS classification and comparison of the early Kilauea lavas to representative lavas from Hawaii Big Island. Kea-type tholeiite through transitional, alkali, basanite to nephelinite lavas were collected from Hilina bench. Loa-type tholeiite from Papau seamount 100 (a) (b) (c) OIB OIB OIB M P / e l p 10 m a S E-MORB E-MORB E-MORB Loa type tholeiite Low Si tholeiite Transitional 1 f f r r r r r r r f d y r r d b b
    [Show full text]
  • Geology, Geochemistry and Earthquake History of Lō`Ihi Seamount, Hawai`I
    INVITED REVIEW Geology, Geochemistry and Earthquake History of Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i Michael O. Garcia1*, Jackie Caplan-Auerbach2, Eric H. De Carlo3, M.D. Kurz4 and N. Becker1 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI, USA 2U.S.G.S., Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 3Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI, USA 4Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA *Corresponding author: Tel.: 001-808-956-6641, FAX: 001-808-956-5521; email: [email protected] Key words: Loihi, seamount, Hawaii, petrology, geochemistry, earthquakes Abstract A half century of investigations are summarized here on the youngest Hawaiian volcano, Lō`ihi Seamount. It was discovered in 1952 following an earthquake swarm. Surveying in 1954 determined it has an elongate shape, which is the meaning of its Hawaiian name. Lō`ihi was mostly forgotten until two earthquake swarms in the 1970’s led to a dredging expedition in 1978, which recovered young lavas. This led to numerous expeditions to investigate the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of this active volcano. Geophysical monitoring, including a real- time submarine observatory that continuously monitored Lō`ihi’s seismic activity for three months, captured some of the volcano’s earthquake swarms. The 1996 swarm, the largest recorded in Hawai`i, was preceded by at least one eruption and accompanied by the formation of a ~300-m deep pit crater, renewing interest in this submarine volcano. Seismic and petrologic data indicate that magma was stored in a ~8-9 km deep reservoir prior to the 1996 eruption.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabuleuse Île D'hawai'i
    Index A Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area 19 Ahalanui County Park 36 Hawaiian Volcano Observatory 39 'Akaka Falls State Park 29 Hawai’i Tropical Botanical Garden 29 Akebono Theater 35 Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park 36 Aloha Theatre 9 Hawi 20 Heiau d'Ahu'ena 6 Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden 10 Hilo 31, 32 ‘Anaeho’omalu Bay 17 Hilo Bay Beachfront Park 33 'Anaeho'omalu Beach 17 H.N. Greenwell Store Museum 9 Astronaut Ellison S. Onizuka Space Center 16 Holei Sea Arch 42 B Holualoa 8 Honaunau Bay 12 Big Island 4 Honoka'a 25 Boiling Pots 33 Honokohau 15 Botanical World Adventures 27 Honomu 29 Byron Ledge Trail 41 Honomu Theatre 29 Ho'okena Beach Park 13 C Hulihe'e Palace 6 Café 11 Caldeira du Kilauea 39 I Captain Cook 10 ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center 34 Captain Cook Monument 10 Ironman World Championship 7 Chain of Craters Road 41 Coconut Island 33 K Cook Point 10 Kahalu'u Beach Park 9 Coulée active 42 Kahapapa 18 Courtyard King Kamehameha’s Kona Beach Kailua-Kona 6 Hotel 6 Kailua Pier 6 Crater Rim Drive 38 Kaimu Black Sand Beach 36 Crater Rim Trail 38 Kainaliu 9 Ka Lae 45 D Kalahuipua’a Historic Park & Trails 18 Devastation Trail 41 Kalakaua Park 31 Kalapana 36 G Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park 15 Kaluahine 26 Greenwell Farms 9 Kamakahonu 6 Kamakahonu Beach 6 H Kamehameha, lieu de naissance de 20 Haili Congregational Church 31 Kamehameha Rock 21 Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge 23 Kamehameha, statue de 20, 33 Halema'uma'u Crater 39 Kamuela 22 Hamakua, côte de 25 Kapa'au 20 Hapuna Beach 19 Kapoho Tide Pools 36 http://www.guidesulysse.com/catalogue/FicheProduit.aspx?isbn=9782765828198
    [Show full text]
  • ' Hawaiian Volcanoes . During 1950
    ' Hawaiian Volcanoes . During 1950 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 996-B A CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES DURING 1950 By R. H. FINCH and GORDON A. MACDONALD ABSTRACT The activities of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the calendar year 1950 are briefly described. Statistics on local and distant earthquakes recorded during the year, tilting of the ground surface, crack measurements, monthly rainfall statistics, and temperature measurements are presented and briefly dis­ cussed. Occurrences of warm water at several localities on the rift zones of Kilauea volcano are described. The warm water apparently results from heating of ground water by either contact with hot intrusive rock or rising hot gases. An eruption of Mauna Loa began on the evening of June 1, and continued until June 23. Fissures opened along the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa for a distance of more than 12 miles. At 9:04 p. in. a fissure 1.5 miles long opened between 11,000 and 12,000 feet altitude. Floods of very liquid lava poured out, and a cloud of fume rose two .miles in the air, brightly illuminated by the red glare of the liquid lava beneath. This activity lasted only about four hours. At 10:15 p. in. a new series of fissures started to open lower on the rift, .between 8,500 and 10,500 feet altitude. Activity along the upper portion of the lower group of fissures lasted about a week, but the*lower portion remained active for more than three weeks. A total of seven large lava flows poured out, both south­ eastward and westward.
    [Show full text]