Appendix 18
Archeology Survey
Hilochee Mitigation Bank Environmental Resource Permit Application
April 2015
Cultural Resources Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Polk County, Florida
February 2015
Cultural Resources Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Polk County, Florida
PREPARED FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING & DESIGN, INC.
PREPARED BY
MELISSA DYE, MA, RPA; BLUE NELSON, MA, RPA; AND MICHAEL A. ARBUTHNOT, MS, RPA
______MICHAEL A. ARBUTHNOT, MS, RPA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
SEARCH
WWW.SEARCHINC.COM
FEBRUARY 2015
SEARCH February 2015 Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Draft Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ...... iii List of Figures ...... iv List of Tables ...... iv
Chapter 1: Introduction ...... 1 Chapter 2: Project Location and Environment ...... 5 Modern Environment ...... 5 Paleoenvironment ...... 8 Chapter 3: Historic Overview ...... 9 Native American Culture History ...... 9 Post‐Contact History ...... 14 Project Specific History ...... 20 Chapter 4: Research Design and Methods ...... 23 Florida Master Site File Review ...... 23 Historic Map and Aerial Photograph Review ...... 26 Cultural Resource Potential ...... 33 Methods ...... 33 Chapter 5: Survey Results ...... 37 Archaeological Reconnaissance ...... 37 Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Survey ...... 40 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 57 References Cited ...... 59
Appendix A: DHR Letter No. 2013‐03742 Appendix B: Unanticipated Discoveries Statement Appendix C: FMSF Resource Forms Appendix D: FDHR Survey Log Sheet Appendix E: Field Specimen Log
iii February 2015 SEARCH Draft Report Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property
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iv SEARCH February 2015 Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Draft Report
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1. Location of Hilochee Mitigation Bank, Polk County ...... 2 Figure 1.2. 1985 and 1987 USGS Quadrangle Maps of Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...... 3
Figure 2.1 2013 aerial photograph of Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...... 5 Figure 2.2. Soil types and drainage characteristics within the approximately 875‐acre Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...... 6
Figure 3.1. Osceola. Source: Florida Photographic Collection ...... 15 Figure 3.2. South Florida Railroad Company maintenance crew between Lakeland and Bartow, Florida ...... 17 Figure 3.3. Retirement home of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America ...... 18 Figure 3.4. Dragline in use at Southern Phosphate Company mine picture ...... 20
Figure 4.1. Previous cultural resource surveys within one mile of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...... 25 Figure 4.2. Combined 1848 and 1849 General Land Office Maps showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ...... 27 Figure 4.3. 1936 (revised 1951) Florida State Road Department Map showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ...... 29 Figure 4.4. 1941 USDA Aerial Photography showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ...... 30 Figure 4.5 1968 USDA Aerial Photography showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ...... 31 Figure 4.6 1977 Florida State Road Department Map showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ...... 32 Figure 4.7 Hilochee Mitigation Bank reconnaissance survey areas ...... 34
Figure 5.1. Results of archaeological surveys conducted at Hilochee Mitigation Bank, east portion ...... 38 Figure 5.2. Results of archaeological surveys conducted at Hilochee Mitigation Bank, west portion ...... 39 Figure 5.3. Hilochee Mitigation Bank high probability areas ...... 40 Figure 5.4. Newly recorded sites within the Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...... 41 Figure 5.5. Sensitive Archeological Areas (Loci) identified within Hilochee Mitigation Bank ... 42 Figure 5.6. Cross section of proposed preservation buffer ...... 43 Figure 5.7. 8PO07978 shovel test results ...... 44 Figure