Appendix 18 Archeology Survey Hilochee Mitigation Bank Environmental Resource Permit Application April 2015 Cultural Resources Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Polk County, Florida February 2015 Cultural Resources Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Polk County, Florida PREPARED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING & DESIGN, INC. PREPARED BY MELISSA DYE, MA, RPA; BLUE NELSON, MA, RPA; AND MICHAEL A. ARBUTHNOT, MS, RPA ___________________________________ MICHAEL A. ARBUTHNOT, MS, RPA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SEARCH WWW.SEARCHINC.COM FEBRUARY 2015 SEARCH February 2015 Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Draft Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Project Location and Environment ............................................................................... 5 Modern Environment ............................................................................................................... 5 Paleoenvironment .................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3: Historic Overview .......................................................................................................... 9 Native American Culture History .............................................................................................. 9 Post‐Contact History ............................................................................................................... 14 Project Specific History ........................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 4: Research Design and Methods ................................................................................... 23 Florida Master Site File Review ............................................................................................... 23 Historic Map and Aerial Photograph Review .......................................................................... 26 Cultural Resource Potential .................................................................................................... 33 Methods .................................................................................................................................. 33 Chapter 5: Survey Results ............................................................................................................. 37 Archaeological Reconnaissance .............................................................................................. 37 Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Survey ...................................................................... 40 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................... 57 References Cited ........................................................................................................................... 59 Appendix A: DHR Letter No. 2013‐03742 Appendix B: Unanticipated Discoveries Statement Appendix C: FMSF Resource Forms Appendix D: FDHR Survey Log Sheet Appendix E: Field Specimen Log iii February 2015 SEARCH Draft Report Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property This page intentionally left blank. iv SEARCH February 2015 Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property Draft Report LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Location of Hilochee Mitigation Bank, Polk County .................................................. 2 Figure 1.2. 1985 and 1987 USGS Quadrangle Maps of Hilochee Mitigation Bank ...................... 3 Figure 2.1 2013 aerial photograph of Hilochee Mitigation Bank ............................................... 5 Figure 2.2. Soil types and drainage characteristics within the approximately 875‐acre Hilochee Mitigation Bank ........................................................................................... 6 Figure 3.1. Osceola. Source: Florida Photographic Collection .................................................. 15 Figure 3.2. South Florida Railroad Company maintenance crew between Lakeland and Bartow, Florida ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 3.3. Retirement home of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America .................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 3.4. Dragline in use at Southern Phosphate Company mine picture ............................. 20 Figure 4.1. Previous cultural resource surveys within one mile of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank ......................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 4.2. Combined 1848 and 1849 General Land Office Maps showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ........................................................................................ 27 Figure 4.3. 1936 (revised 1951) Florida State Road Department Map showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ........................................................................................ 29 Figure 4.4. 1941 USDA Aerial Photography showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 4.5 1968 USDA Aerial Photography showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow ................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 4.6 1977 Florida State Road Department Map showing the Hilochee Mitigation Bank in yellow .......................................................................................................... 32 Figure 4.7 Hilochee Mitigation Bank reconnaissance survey areas ......................................... 34 Figure 5.1. Results of archaeological surveys conducted at Hilochee Mitigation Bank, east portion .............................................................................................................. 38 Figure 5.2. Results of archaeological surveys conducted at Hilochee Mitigation Bank, west portion ............................................................................................................. 39 Figure 5.3. Hilochee Mitigation Bank high probability areas .................................................... 40 Figure 5.4. Newly recorded sites within the Hilochee Mitigation Bank .................................... 41 Figure 5.5. Sensitive Archeological Areas (Loci) identified within Hilochee Mitigation Bank ... 42 Figure 5.6. Cross section of proposed preservation buffer ....................................................... 43 Figure 5.7. 8PO07978 shovel test results .................................................................................. 44 Figure 5.8. 8PO07979 and 8PO07980 shovel test results.......................................................... 46 Figure 5.9. 8PO07981 and 8PO07982 shovel test results.......................................................... 51 v February 2015 SEARCH Draft Report Cultural Resource Survey of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank Property LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Soil drainage types within approximately 875‐acre Hilochee Mitigation Bank. ....... 7 Table 3.1 Prehistory of Central Florida ...................................................................................... 9 Table 4.1. Previous Cultural Resource Surveys within One Mile of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank ......................................................................................................................... 24 Table 4.2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within One Mile of the Hilochee Mitigation Bank ........................................................................................................ 25 Table 5.1. Reconnaissance Shovel Test Results by Area .......................................................... 37 Table 5.2. Artifacts recovered from 8PO07978 ........................................................................ 45 Table 5.3. Artifacts recovered from 8PO07979 ........................................................................ 47 Table 5.4. Artifacts recovered from 8PO07980 ........................................................................ 49 Table 5.5. Artifacts recovered from 8PO07981 ........................................................................ 52 Table 5.6. Artifacts recovered from 8PO07982 ........................................................................ 53 Table 5.7. Artifacts recovered from AO1 .................................................................................. 54 Table 5.8. Artifacts recovered from AO2 .................................................................................. 54 Table 5.9. Artifacts recovered from AO3 .................................................................................. 54 Table 5.10. Artifacts recovered from AO4