ISA ISLAMIC SCHOOL

NATIONAL GRADE NINE ASSESSMENT

SCIENCE PROJECT

2015

Name: Nusaibah Hussain

Subject: Biology

Topic: Project One - Food Storage Organs

Teacher: Naudyah Hoosein

Date of Submission: 21st April, 2015

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 3

OBJECTIVES 4

MA TERlALS 5

PROCEDURE 6

RESULTS: 7

DISCUSSION 8

PICTURE CHART 11

CONCLUSION 13

REFERENCE 14

2 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 6) Schedule· Date Completed

Outline of project:

Collect materials 10-03-2015 ../

Sketch samples 13-03-2015 ../

Complete picture chart 23-03-2015 ../ Preparation of seed 12-03-2015 ../ containers

Planting of samples 13-03-2015 ../

Discussion:

Complete table 30-03-2015 ../

Answer questions 30-03-2015 ../

Conclusion 30-03-2015 ../

Submission 13-04-2015 ../

- ~y (0

3 OBJECTIVES

1. To classify food storage organs found in plants

2. To draw sketches of storage organs showing structural details used to identify class.

3. To compare growth of buds and young plants from each class of storage organs.

4 MATERIALS

• Four (4) samples of storage organs: Onion, Ginger, Sugarcane and Potato. • Stationery: Notepads, Sketchpads, Pencil, eraser etc. • Potting soil • Four (4) Containers (1)1 • 30cm ruler \V • Water can • Knife

5 PROCEDURE

1. Samples offour storage organs were collected 2. The samples were sketched, labeled and described 3. A picture chart with written descriptions was prepared 4. From each sample, parts with buds were selected for planting 5. Containers were prepared with potting soil 6. The selected materials were planted 7. The date of planting .and date of sprouting of buds or young plants was recorded 8. Growth of the plants was measured and recorded every three days for twenty one days 9. Information and observations were made.

6 RESULTS:

TABLE SHOWING GROWTH OF SAMPLES OVER A 21 DAY PERIOD

Growth of plants/em Day Ginger Sugarcane Onion Potato 3 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.0 6 1.4 0.5 1.3 0.0 9 1.7 0.8 1.6 7.0 12 2.3 1.0 1.9 12.3 15 2.9 1.2 2.0 17.3 18 3.4 1.5 2.2 20.5 21 3.9 1.5 2.5 29.4

7 DISCUSSION

1. What is Vegetative Reproduction?

Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants. It does not involve flowers, pollination and seed production. Instead, a new plant grows from a vegetative part, usually a stem, of the parent plant. However, plants which reproduce asexually almost always reproduce sexually as well, bearing flowers, fruits and seeds. Vegetative reproduction from a stem usually involves the buds. Instead of producing a branch, the bud grows into a complete plant which eventually becomes self-supporting. Since no gametes are involved, the plants produced asexually have identical genomes and the offspring form what is known as a clone. In some cases of vegetative reproduction, the structures involved also come storage organs and swell with stored food, e.g. potatoes.

2. Type of vegetative reproduction that occurs in each of the samples selected

~ Onion - Bulbs consist of very short stems with closely packed leaves arranged in concentric circles round the stem. These leaves are swollen with stored food ~.g. onion. A terminal bud will

8 produce next year's flowering shoot and the lateral (axillary) buds will produce new plants.

~ Ginger - Rhizomes are stems which grow horizontally under the ground. In some cases the underground stems are swollen with food reserves e.g. iris. The terminal bud turns upwards to produce the flowering shoot and the lateral buds may grow out to form new rhizomes.

~ Irish Potato - is a stem tuber. In the potato plant, lateral buds at the base of the stem produce shoots which grow laterally at first and then down into the ground. These are comparable to rhizomes, as they are underground stems with tiny scale leaves and lateral buds. They do not swell evenly along their length with stored food.

~ Sugarcane - Offshoots are known by a number of different names including offsets, suckers, crown divisions, ratoons and slips. Typically a lateral shoot forms on the stem, develops roots and then separates from the mSugar cane is clonally multiplied from short stem pieces which produce offshoots.

9 •••••• ...s::: Q) u Q) ~ ~= Cf) ...s::: Cf) eJIIIIIIIC 0 ~ U 0 0 ~ $....l ;... u Cf) 0 ;:$ ~ u •••••• .....• ~ ;:$ ~ .....•'" Vl Z= d .-0 Vl Q

~ Q) ;... ~ U •....• ~ u Cf) ~ ~ c. .-$....l •....• Q) eJIIIIIIIC e .- § ~ ~ Q) e ~ s;:$ eJIIIIIIIC ~ d ~ ~ rJJ.~ ~ ·-0~ ~

•••••• Q) ""0 ""0 ""0 ;:$ ~ ~ ~ ~ \I) ~= Cf) c ~ ;:$ ~ ;:$ ~ ;:$ Cf) Q) Q) Q) ttl ~ •....• 8t .....• 8t .....• 8 t .-~ . bD•.. ~ 0 ~ro 0 ~ro 0 ~ro ""0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ Q) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;:$ bD ••••••;... Vl""O Vl""O Vl""O 0 •..ttl ~ ~ ~ $....l 0 ~ ;:$ ;:$ ;:$ +oJ ~ d \I) 0 "0 ~ .•.. $....l ~ bD Q) 0 Q) Q) Cf) c ~ ~ "r:; ~ ~ .~ $....l ~ 0 ~ell~= "r:; ~ S Q) ;:$ § ttl •....•0 0 0 0 U Q. ~ ell ;:$ .- ~ ~ ~ ...s::: ;... ;... N ~ ~ E ~ 0 co § .- S ...s::: ~ u .-~ Cf) ~ Q) rJJ..so '-' '-' ;:$ Q) ~ ~ .-$....l 0 Cf) Vl '-' .c '-'.- ttl ~ PICTURE CHART Q

Plant Description The onion also known as the bulb onion or common onion is used as a vegetable and is ,the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The onion plant has a fan of hollow, bluish-green leaves and the bulb at the base of the plant begins to swell when a certain day-length is reached. Ginger is a flowering plant in the family Zingiberaceae whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual stems about a meter tall bearing narrow green leaves and yellow flowers. The white or Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), is also called the "earth apple". The tubers of this and other species serve as an important food source.

11 Sugarcane is one of the several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, and used for sugar production .

. They have stout jointed fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six meters (6 to 19 feet) tall.

12 -C V} Of- H ~ -Q) s::: ::s 15 +- 0 ~ c... t.. Q) V) ~ ::s V\ 0 ;3 C '3 til 0 ..,; 4- ~ Q c s:.... -i;= i ~ E - -0 -l: ~ ~ -C E j.. ::s Q). - r;, - L

c o---. o Vl

-Q- C v ~ - cD g ~ ~ 0 :.- L C '-.,) ~ <:!) ...,...::s r -~ til '0 -U -() ~ ~ 0 ::J :s c "7 0:: d.l ~ tYJ cD CONCLUSION

From this project,. it can be concluded that:

• Food storage organs in plants can be classified in various groups. • Each class of storage organ has a part that tells it apart from the other classes • The buds of each class of storage organ are different from that of the other. • The growth rate of the young plant for each storage organ is different from each other. In this project the growth rate for the potato was the highest while that of sugarcane was the lowest.

13 REFERENCE

1. http://www.biology-resources.com/plants- vegetative-reproduction- 01.html 2. http://plantsinaction.science. uq.edu.au/edition 1/?q=content/7 -2-2- vegetati ve-options- reproduction

CANDIDATE: Nusaibah Hussain I !, SUBJECT: SCIENCE ! I I PROJECT #: 1 I CRITERIA MAXIMUM MARKS CANDIDATE SCORE PLANNING 5 5 ---- I IMPLEMENTATION 5 5 i I REPORT 9 9 I DISCUSSION 6 6 I TOTAL 25 25 -l I J

14