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GUIDELINESUIDELINES FORFOR THETHE COLLECTIONOLLECTION ANDAND ANALYSISNALYSIS of Socio-demographic Data in Humanitarian Crisis Situations in Latin America and the Caribbean September 2014 Acknowledgements We would like to sincerely thank all the many colleagues and UNFPA partners for their input and infor- mation shared. We extend our gratitude to the country offices of the Latin American and Caribbean coun- tries for their time and cooperation. Special thanks to Gladys Massé, independent consultant who dedicated her knowledge and enthusiasm to this endeavour. The assessment presented here was performed under the supervision of Marta Perez del Pulgar, UNFPA LACRO Programme Specialist, in collaboration with Graciela Van der Poel, UNFPA LACRO Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Lorenzo Barraza, Humanitarian Response Officer and Jose Antonio Rayos, UNFPA LACRO Programme Assistant. They coordinated the efforts of this work, provided technical inputs, facilitated exchanges with key stakeholders, and supported the process at all times. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation for the efforts of all those who shared their time, enthusiasm, experience and knowledge to develop this study. Several colleagues in country offices in Latin America and the Caribbean were involved in the preparation of this document and devoted their time and expertise to this endeavour, sharing their experiences, les- sons learned and best practices. Special thanks to Enrique Peláez, UNFPA LACRO Regional Advisor on Population and Development, for his contribution, especially at the beginning of the activity. The country offices that actively contributed to the study include: Colombia (Sandra Angel), the Caribbean subre- gional office (Mario Aguilar and Sandra Paredez), Ecuador (Soledad Guayasamín Cruz and Roberto Ortiz), Haiti (Gabriel Bidegain, Anne Marie Serrano) and Haitian NIS as special guest (Prof. Rousoulf), Honduras (Marcos Arias), Mexico (Iván Castellanos), Nicaragua (Edgard Narváez), Panama (Martha Icaza), Peru (Zilda Cárcamo and Walter Mendoza De Souza) and Venezuela (Mary Carmen Villasmil Prieto). Special mention to Samson Lamlenn (UNFPA HQ NY) and Brenda Eriksen (OCHA ROLAC). Erin Kenny, UNFPA headquarters, also collaborated in this work with the review of the draft version of the study, providing useful ideas and input. We would also like to extend our special thanks to the practitioners and researchers from the National Institutes of Statistics, sectoral organizations and centres of excellence that actively participated in the expert meeting held to validate these Guidelines: Dora Celton (Argentina), David Farrel (Barbados), Dou- glas Westby (Belize), Estela Maria Garcia Pinto da Cunha (Brazil), Elizabeth Solano Salazar and Arodys Robles (Costa Rica), Joffre Leon and Israel Espinosa (Ecuador), Claudia Flores and Edwin Cabnal (Guatemala), Marcia Alexander (Jamaica), Raul Romo and Carlos Javier Echarri (Mexico), Erick Reyes, Al- varo Cubilla and Moses Abougamen (Panamá), Nancy Hidalgo and Arturo Arias (Peru), and Nestor Cegarra and Rosel Dayhana Urbaiz (Venezuela). Richard Pierce and Cristina Costa Bravo respectively edited the English version and translated and edited the Spanish version. Table of Contents Presentation . 9 Introduction . 13 Chapter 1. International and regional background of Latin America and the Caribbean . 15 1.1. International Framework: The Operational Phases of Humanitarian Emergencies . 15 1.2. About Humanitarian Actors . 18 1.3. Regional Context of Latin America and the Caribbean: Hazards, Vulnerability and Economic Impact of Disasters . 22 1.3.1. Geophysical Hazards . 23 1.3.2. Hydro-meteorological Hazards (weather) . 24 1.3.3. Epidemiologic (biological) Hazards . 25 1.3.4. Technological Hazards . 25 1.3.5. Population’s Vulnerability to Natural Hazards . 28 1.3.6. Economic Impact of Natural Disasters . 29 Chapter 2. Data collection and analysis during the preparedness phase . 31 2.1. Overview . 31 2.2. Collection and Analysis of Relevant Information for the Preparedness Phase . 32 2.2.1. What information needs to be collected and analysed in this preliminary phase? . 32 2.2.2. What socio-demographic data sources should be considered? . 44 2.2.2.1. Population, Household and Housing Censuses, and Inter-Census Counts . 44 2.2.2.2. Population Projections . 46 2.2.2.3. Household Surveys . 47 2.2.2.4. Administrative Records . 47 2.2.3. What priority should quantitative data sources be granted? . 48 2.2.4. Why assessing data quality matters . 50 2.2.5. Technological innovations that may facilitate data collection and analysis . 52 2.2.5.1. PDAs, Tablets and Mobile Devices . 52 2.2.5.2. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) . 54 2.2.5.3. REDATAM+SP System . 55 2.2.5.4. SPSS . 55 2.2.5.5. STATA . 56 2.3. Operational aspects . 55 2.3.1. Contingency Plan . 56 2.3.2. Early Warning System (EWS) . 59 2.3.3. How to ensure the continuity and monitoring of the activities of the preparedness phase? . 60 2.4. Lessons learned by Latin American and Caribbean countries on data Collection and analysis during the preparedness phase . 61 Chapter 3. Data collection and analysis during the Acute Phase . 69 3.1. Overview . 69 3.2. Collection and Analysis of Relevant Information for the Acute Phase . 69 3.2.1. What methodologies and data sources should be considered? . 70 3.2.1.1. Secondary Data Review . 72 3.2.1.2. Community-Level Assessment: Qualitative Methods . 72 3.2.1.3. Community-Level Assessment: Quantitative Methods . 75 3.2.1.4. Analytical framework . 77 3.3. Operational Aspects . 77 3.3.1. Data Analysis . 79 3.4. Lessons Learned by Latin American and Caribbean Countries on Data Collection and Analysis during the Acute Phase . 80 Chapter 4. Data collection and analysis in the chronic phase . 85 4.1. Overview . 85 4.2. Collection and Analysis of Relevant Information for the Chronic Phase . 86 4.2.1. Data Needs and Indicators to Collect and Analyse and Data Sources . 86 4.2.2. Methodologies and Data Sources . 89 4.2.2.1. Quantitative Methodologies . 89 4.2.2.2. Qualitative Methodologies . 90 4.3. Operational Aspects . 92 4.4. Relevance of Monitoring and Evaluation in Chronic Phase Activities . 92 4.5. Lessons Learned by Latin American and Caribbean Countries on Data Collection and Analysis in the Chronic Phase . ..