REPUBLICA POPULARA ROMINA RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC

MISIUNEA PERMANENTA PE LINGA NATIUNILE UNITE PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

6 0 EAST 93 Ro STREET, NEW Y ORK 28 , N. Y.

, f r ( I- -~ ' '- ,, Q 8 December 7, 1961. No. 5193. R 1ST .Y SECTION Mr. President, ~ 21 DEC 1961

On behalf of the Romanian Delegation, I would like to express our position with regard to the letter of the Permanent Representative of the United States and the attached statement of his Delegation, dated 25 November 1961 and distributed as General Assembly document A/ 4985.

From the content of that statement it becomes obvious that the General Assembly is faced once again with an alre ady expose d mani:~.v\~ing used by the United States whenever the question of abolishing colonia ism is brought before the United Nations. As soon as the anti-colonial forces in the United Nations strive to focus the attention of the Assembly on the evils and dangers inherent in the colonial system with a view of geHing a decision on its immediate liquidation, the United States Delegation resorts to worn-out anti-Soviet and anti-Communist slanders with the manifest purpose of diverting the attention of the Assembly from the real issue - colonialism . .... l, .. 0 ++{<~"-' l i~ The United States Del'rfation tried tJ:-2-Hl~¢u~ ' at the 'Hlt h session and failed. It tried that manl u~ at this ~ession and again failed. ft- ' The overwhelming majority of Memberf States has recognized

the\,,,;:,..,,-' actual motives of the1.,, /6:_American,;;i delegation and has flatly refused to c 9,operate with her. It "W:eTe' only the die-hard colonialists who spoke in that vein, thus confirming its real nature.

Only by fo:i;:,ging the unity of the anti-colonial States in the ' - , ::\ General Assembly, i /was 1possible to adopt quasi-unanimously the historic Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. And only by maintaining that unity against the dividing tactics used by the st; {;-s :tt:;5::, delegation, l ~J/ ~ ;~\ possible to adopt quasi-unanimously the recent iresolution on the implementation of that Declaration. It was the strength gathered around the _Ke solution by the common struggle of the anti-colonial

States that made the ~ 1 dI~ gation reluctantly to vote for it. v.,,te a S .s / . I. H. E . Mr. Mongi Slim

President of the Unite d Nations General Assembly .,, , . ...

- 2 - uv- ~J s Le...lzs Thus, what actually disturbs the ~ delegation is the fact that whereas the socialist .fuates take always a firm, determined and consistent stand against colonialism in general as well as against colonialist actions in Algeria, Angola, Oman, Bizerte, South West Africa, Katanga, etc., the United States is vacilating between its commitments as the ally of the old colonial Powers, its efforts to pose as an anti-colonial Power and last._ but not leas½its struggle to maintain colonial possessions of its ~ own. That is indeed a difficult and painstaking job. Small wonder that the S c. • ~ • li:lelegation is getting uneasy and irate when the issue of colonialism require- her again to pe-r-fo-:rm. ct ,J-,

- As to the assertions contained in the American statement, suffice it to say that they are old worn-out anti-Soviet and anti-Communist slanders.

Therefore, it is senseless to refute these assertions one by one. History has already dealt quite successfully with such anti-Communist propaganda. It is only bankrupt politicians that still resort to such attacks and we feel no temptation to enter into polemics with them.

I should be most grateful to you, Sir, for arranging this letter to be distributed as soon as possible as a United Nations document.

\

~dua zincescu ,.__;;_-- ~S

Chairman of the Romanian Delegation UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/4985 ASSEMBLY 25 November 1961 ORIGINAL : ENGLISH

Sixteenth session Agenda item 88

THE SITUATI ON WITH REGARD TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES

Letter dated 25 Novembe r 1961 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly

I have the honour to request that the attached comments be circulated as an official document under agenda item 88, entitled "The ---situation with regard to the implementation of the Dec laration on the granting of independence to colonial

11 countries and peoples , which is being discussed at the present session of the General Assembly.

(Signed) Adlai E. STEVENSON Permanent Representative of the United States of •.:.merica to the United Nations

61-28517 I ... A/4985 f English Page 2

CO:MMENTS BY THE UNITED STATES D:SLEG.ATION ON TBE SOVIET MEMORANDUM CIRCULATED AS TICCUMENT A/4889

The United States delegation regrets that the Soviet Union has been unable ,:t;o resist utilizing the United Nations forum to attack a number of :tv:ember States :in the most outragt;:,ous and misleading terms. Under the circumstances, however, the Un'ited States now has ;no choice but to reply, even though we had hoped to be able to continue to keep the cold war out of the 11 colonialismn debates during the current session.

/ }i 1· (,

·1 ~: Role of the United Nations

The United Nations was created to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and -worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small. Anything which derogates from the inherent rights of mankind and of nations is a proper - and even essential - subj~ct for study and discussion by the General Assembly. The relationship between peoples and nations which we liave come to call colonialism or by its variants - neo­ colonialism or imperialism,., can constitute a denial of the rights of the individual, and of the principle of self-determination and as such has frequently

'r, ~ een the su,bject of our deliberations. Sine$ the formation of our Organization, the world community has devoted ;rnuch of its time, talent and energy to the search for a solution to the more pressing colonial problems in the world. The Fourth Committee of the General Assembly, the Trusteeship Council and the Committee on Information £rom Non-Self­ Governing Territories have debated and made useful recommendations on &multitude of specific and gen{;ral colonial problems. Other problems have arisen ahd have been discussed by other Comrni ttees and United Nations organs. Only a hostile propagandist could maintain that the United Nations has not done useful work in this field. Through careful, detailed study and qound recommendations on specific issues, the General Assembly and. other United N'a.tions organs have facilitated the movement of one people after another to full and untrammelled indepe1;1dence. t

,'M_·,, ';lie have seen the evidence of this development in the most concrete and ,r:__.,l'a meaningful termsj in the form of our membershi:p·, which has ;now more than doubled in the short lifetime of our Organization. • A/4985

United States ~osition on colonialism

The United States is against colonialism - wherever and whenever it occurs. As a nation, we believe that man - a physical, intellectual and spiritual being, not an economic animal - bas individual rights, divinely bestowed, limited only by the obligation to avoid infringement upon the equal rights of others. We do not claim perfection in our own society and in our own lives, only that we seek it honestly and that the direction we take is always that of greater liberty. vle believe that justice, decency and lioerty, in an orderly society, are concepts which have raised man above the beastq of the field; to deny any person the opportunity to live under their shelter is a crime against all humanity. Cur Republic is the produce of the first successful revolution against ( colonialism in modern times. Our people, drawn from all the nations of the world, have come to these shores in the search for freedom and opportunity in a progressive society. We have never forgotten either our origins or the nature of the world we live in. As President Kennedy said in bis inaugural address:

"We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch bas been passed to a new generation of Americans - born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage - and unwilling to witness or permit the

I ... I A/4985 \ English Page 4

slow undoing of those human right~ to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at heme and around the world.

"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty ••• "

Soviet allegations against the United States

In its frenetic effort ·to cover up its own dismal record in the field of colonialism and human rights, the Soviet Union has levelled two principal charges against the United States: (1) the United States is allied with colonialists and finances colonialist wars; and (2) the United States is itself a colonial Power. The answer to both charges, for those willing to see the truth, is s"imple. The United States is unalterably opposed to all wars, including of course colonialist wars. We are not now and we shall never become allied with any nation for the purpose of planning, financing or waging colonial wars. The military alliances we have formed with others serve no aggressive aims; they are defensive alliances created in fact as a shield and a deterrent to those who would not shrink from the use of force to impose their new brand of colonialist rule on other peoples and territories. Secondly, we would hold no people against its will. We are prepared to take the necessary measures to consult any or all of the approximately 100,00~ people whose destinies are still associated with ours any time they request it. The people of Puerto Rico are fully self-governing, as the General Assembly has found after careful examination, enjoy the status of American citizens, and are free to request a change of status at any time. 'Ihe remaining territories for which the United States exercises sovereignty are in the process of becoming self-governing. The United States' position is that "the subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation'(. This is the language of Bandung; it is also the language of the General Assembly in resolution 1514 (xv)

/ ... A/4985 English I Page 5

on the granting of independence to coloni al countries and peopl es. But there is a higher authority and a more definitive formulation. The Charter declares in effect that on every nation in possession of foreign territori es, there rest s the responsibility to assist the peoples of these areas 11 in the progressive devel opment of their free political institutions" so that ultimately they can validl y choose for themsel ves their permanent political status. We have and we wi ll cont inue to abide by the Charter.

The Soviet record of imperi alism

But the questi on remains why the Soviet Union decided to launch such a reckless attack on those countries which oppose its driye for worl d conquest at this time. Every outstanding colonial question of real substance i s to be found on the agenda of thi s session of the Gener al Assembl y. There a.re two major items on the agenda of the plenary alone which will make it possible to discuss all aspects of the general problem. Why bas the Soviet Union twice in the last two years attempted to seize the initiative on the colonial issue from the new States of Africa and Asia? Why has the Soviet Union attempted to inject East-West differences into the complicated and difficult North-South problems, thereby making it less likely that we will be abl e to f i nd realistic and meaningful solutions? Why has the Soviet Union sought to distract the Genera~ Assembly from the tried and true procedures it has followed for fifteen years with such marked success, substituting a war of words for detail ed discussion and specific recommendations of individual territories and problems? There are at least two answers. First, the Soviet Union does not wish the United Nations to operate successfully in this or any other field. The Soviet Union is fearful that the solution of outstanding colonial problems involving the West will impel the United Nations to focus attention on the situation in the vast Soviet empire. Moreover, in the past fifteen years, ~s the process of self-determination in the ex-colonial areas of Asia and Africa was rapidly expanding the world community of free and independent nations, the contrary process was taking place / ... A/4985 English Page 6

I ,,;ithin the periphery of tb.e Soviet Union. Wherever the influence of the Soviet armed forces could be brought to bear, independent countTies, many of which bad just •een liberated frcm Hitler's terror, were absorbed and their national 'Jc aspirations savagely repressed by a State bent on the eradication of the national identity of all peoples within the Soviet domain. This indicates the second "well spring" of Sovi et interest in the colonial question in the United Nations. The Soviet memorandum and initiative is a diversionary move; an attempt to prevent the world Organization from focusing on the serious deprivations of human rights in the Soviet world. Many criteria have been developed over the years to determine whether or not a particular situation falls into the "colonial category". Surely the key, however, is the absence of self-determination for the dependent peoples concerned. Because the world cannot long remain half-slave and half-free, the United States expects that the United Nations will focus its attention as carefully on the "colonialism" of the Soviet Union as it does on that of Portugal or any other nation. For if the Soviet Union comes to believe it can enforce a double standard in the world with complete impunity, no country in the world will be safe. 'I'he record speaks for its elf.

Self-determination in the Soviet empire

We are told that the peoples of the Soviet Union enjoy the right of self­ determination. Indeed, the Soviet regime at its inception issued a Declaration of Rights which proclaimed "the right of the nations of Russia to free self­ deterrnination, including the right to secede and form independent States". How did this "right11 work in practice? An independent Ukrainian Republic was recognized by the Bolsheviks in l917, but in l917 they established a rival Republic in Kharkov. In July 1923, with the help of the Red Army, a Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was established and incorporated into the USSR. In l920, the independent Republic of Azerbaidzhan was invaded by the Red Army and a Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed. In the same year, the Khanate of Khiva was invaded by the Red Army and a puppet Soviet People's Republic of Khorezm was established. With the conquest of Khiva, the approaches to its neighbour, the Emirate of Bokhara, were opened to the Soviet forces which invaded it in I .. . j

A/4985 English Page 7

September 1920. In 1918, Armenia declared its independence from Russia and a mandate offered to the United States Government was refused by President Wilson. In 1920, the Soviet army invaded, and Armenian independence, so long awaited, was snuffed out. In 1921, the Red Army came to the aid of Communists rebelling against the independent state of Georgia and installed a Soviet regime. This process inexorably continued. Characteristically, the Soviets took advantage of the turmoil and upheava·l of the Second World War to continue the process of colonial subjugation at the expense of its neighbours. The Soviets' territorial aggrandizement included the Karelian province and other parts of Finland and the Eastern provinces of Poland, the Romanian provinces of Bessarabia and Bukovina, the independent states of Estonia, la.tvia and Lithuania, the Koenigsberg area, slices of Czechoslovakia, South Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, and Tanna Tuva. These are outright annexations of territories whose peoples are as enamoured of freedom and as fully entitled to their rights as are the people of Africa, Asia and the Americas. But there is another category of Soviet colonial territory, where neo-colonialism in a form never dreamed of in other parts of the world is practised.

Soviet colonial practices

The Soviet system of coping with disaffected populations in Soviet colonies is simple and effective, but shocking in the twentieth century. During the war, the Soviets deported entire ethnic groups to the East, fearful that they would use the occasion to fight for their independence. ~hese groups included the Volga Germans (405,000), the Crimean Tatars (259,000), the Kalmucks of the northwestern Caspian area (130,000), the Ingush (74,000). These deportations were admitted by ChaiJ'Illan Khrushchev in his secret speech before the CongreS$ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1957, the Supreme Soviet, apparently in recognition of the crime committed against humanity, belatedly decreed the rehabilitation and eventual return of the remnants of some of these ethnic groups. '. Even more shocking was the series of deportations undertaken by the Soviets following their ruthless subjugation of the independent nations of Estonia, / ... A/4985 English Page 8

Iatvia and Lithuania. In June of 1941, more than 200,000 per sons were deported from the Baltic States, and the total now approaches 700,000. As another indication of the fate of annexed ethnic groups in the Soviet Union, the case of the Kazakhs is instructive. Tbe Moslem Kazakhs are the :argest Asian nation subject to the colonial rule of Soviet Russia. In 1920, the Soviet census listed 3,968,289 Kazakhs. In 1939, their numbers had dwindled to 3,098,164. They comprised less than 30 per cent of the population in what Mr. Khrushchev describes as thier national republic. This suggests the bu.man costs - to national groups - of the material advances which he claims. Following the Second World War, whole nations and peoples were swallowed up behind the Iron Curtain in violation of agreements and without a free vote of the peoples concerned. These included Pol.:,nd, Hungary, Romania, Bu.1.garia, Albania and then Czechoslovakia in coups d 1 etat. The German and Korean people, divided as the result of the war, were held from unity by the failure of the Soviet Union to live up to the agreements it had signed and to permit the self-determination of these peoples through free elections. Viet-Nam was divided as the result of later expansionism by communist subversion and military expansion.

The consequences of Soviet imperialism

The disgrace, barbarity and saw:.gery - to cite the words used by Chairman Khrushchev - of Soviet imperialist rule is indicated by the never ending flow of refugees from the countries made colonies by the Soviet Union. More than 12 million persons have escaped since the Second World War from tbe Soviet Union, Communist China and the areas they control: Albania, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, North Korea, North Viet-Nam and Tibet. The greatest sustained movement of refugees in modern history continues for the fourteenth year out of Soviet East Germany. Since the end of the Second World War, more than 3 million Germans have fled from their homes and t businesses in the Soviet-controlled zone and East Berlin in order to live and work in the free world. Despite the wall erected to hold the East German people from the freedoms they earnestly desire, East Berliners risk their lives daily to reach freedom in West Berlin. "

I ... A/4985 English ♦ Page 9

When the Soviet imperialist regime in North Korea was established north of the 38th parallel in May 1948, another mass exodus began. ·Within two years, 1.8 million residents of the Communist zone, out of an estimated population of 9 million, migrated southward to the Republic of Korea. Within seven months after the Communist armies of North Korea invaded the Republic of Korea, an additional 800,000 North Korean prisoners of war refused repatriation to North Korea and 25,000 Chinese soldiers also refused to go home. Within ten months after the partition of Viet-Nam, nearly a million Vietnamese had fled the Soviet-controlled North. This displacement of persons took place despite the most strenuous efforts, in violation of the Geneva Armistice Agreement, to stem the flow. Perhaps the most dramatic instance was the flight of nearly 200,000 Hungarians after the revolt of October 1956 was crushed by Soviet troops. Since the first Communist takeover of Hungary in 1947, an additional 200,000 persons fled their homes to live and work in the West. We are at present living through the most recent example of this general pattern. With the Chinese Communist subjugation of Tibet, more than 20,ood refugees were forced to leave their homes behind them and flee to other countries. The right to self-determination has never been accepted for its own dependent areas by the Soviet Government. Stalin in 1923 explained that "there are instances when the right of self-determination comes into conflict with another, higher right; the right of the working class to fortify its own power. In such cases, the right of self-determination cannot be and must not serve as an obstacle to the realization of the right of the working class to its own

, ~ dictatorship. The former must give way to the latter." In short, self­ determination is a right which can only be upheld when the peoples concerned have not fallen under Communist domination. On the contrary, rather than assisting the development towards greater independence and self-determination of the nations under their domination, the announced Soviet design is to eradicate all national (including linguistic) differences that exist between these diverse nationalities and the Great Russian

model. > The Soviet Communist Party programme states: 11 the obliteration of frontiers between the classes and development of communist socialist relations A/4985 English Page 10 strengthens the socialist uni formity of the nations and favours the develoiment of common communist features . 11 The :pre ., .umime laments, however, that "the obliteration of national features, particularly of the language differences, is a considerably longer process than the obliteration of class differences". Khrushchev, in his 18 October 1961 speech to the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Communist Party left no question as to his design towards peoples dominated by the Soviet Union when he said; "It is essential that we stress the education of the masses in the spirit of proletarian internationalism and Soviet patriotism. Even the slightest vestiges of nationalism should be eradicated with uncompromising Bolshevik determination." This is the unique aspect of Soviet "colonialism" - an aspect that differentiates it frqm all other historical examples of one State's suppression of another's freedom . 'I'hrough t _he total State controls of mass culture, propaganda, education and movement, the Soviets seek to wipe out for ever the national characteristics that differentiate the Tur~ from Ukrainian, the Kazakh from the Armenian, the non-Russian from the Russian. They not only seek the eradication of diff erences and the suppression 0£ freedom, but t he eradi cation of the desire for freedom.

The Soviet plan

I n view of t he Soviet Union's own dar k record of imperialist oppression exploi tation, Soviet profe ssions of devotion to the welfare of the peoples of coloni a l or former colonial areas outside the Soviet empire are hypocritical. more than mere hypocrisy is involved. The se professions mask a in so far as the future of the colonial and newly-ina.ependent peoples themselves are concerned. Communist doctrine pretends t o provide an all-embracing explanation of historical processes. It therefore discloses to those who study it the real intentions of Soviet policy . It i s Soviet doct r ine that the political development of newly independent states is to proceed in two distinct phases. The first stage - as Academician Y,E. Zhukov puts it in Pravda of 26 August 1960 - is one in which 1the majority of the new Asian and African national States are headed by bourgeois politicians under the banner of nationalism 11 • I .•• A/4985 English Page 11

At the same time, however, local Communists are instructed to prepare for the future day of direct action. In this initial period, Communists are to concentrate their efforts on infiltrating and obtaining key positions in political and social groups, especially trade-union and student movements, ae well as organizing and participating in Communist-front organizations of all types. The Soviets regard the present state of political orientation within the ' ,, ,I newly-developing countries as merely a phase, one clearly undesirable and unacceptable frcm the long-range point of view. As Academician Zhukov phrases it: "One cannot, therefore, term socialist those general democratic measures which to some degree are implemented in India, Indonesia, the United Arab Republic, Iraq and other independent countries of Asia and Africa." The policies

and politics of these countries, Zhukov states, are 11 of a democratic and not a

socialist character 11 • At the appropriate stage, therefore, the Communist parties must come forth frankly and openly with their bid for power. Soviet statements on colonialism are in themselves typical o,f the semantic

perversion in Communist philosophy, by which 11 freedom 11 becomes "slavery11 and

11 slavery" becomes "freedom. 11 By means of this distortion of words, the Soviet Union hopes to distract attention from the real issues. But the peoples of the world can forget four fundamental facts only at their own peril: First, the Sino-Soviet bloc today embraces the largest colonial empire which has ever existed in all history. Second, the Communist empire is the only imperial system which is not liquidating itself, as other empires have done, but is still trying energetically to expand in all directions. With the growth of Soviet and Chinese Communist power, these expansionist efforts have now become more blatant and are now being attempted in areas outside the periphery of the bloc. Third, the Soviet colonial system is one of the most cruel and oppressive ever devised. By the ruthless and brutal use of techniques of police control, and by the erection of artificial barriers to communication, the regimes of the Sino-Soviet bloc have harshly suppressed all movements in the direction of freedom, have instituted programmes to eradicate all national identity in the people, and have held their peoples in virtual isolation from the outside world. I ... A/4985 ' , English Page 12

Final ly, the Soviet colonial empire is the only modern empire in which no subject people has ever been offered any choice concerning their future and their destiny . President Kennedy summarized it in the following words in his general debate statement at this session of the General Assembly:

"I do not ignore the remaining :problems of traditional colonialism whi ch still confront this body. Those :problems will be solved, with :patience, goodwill and determination. Within the limits of our r esponsibi lity in such ma t ters, my country intends to be a :participant, and not merely an observer, in the peaceful, expeditious movement of nations from the status of colonies to the partnership of equals. 'Ihat continuing tide of self-determi nation,which runs so strong, has our sympathy and our suppor t.

"But colonialism in its harshe st f orms is not only the exploitation of new nat ions by old, of dark skins by light - or the subjugation of the poor by the rich. My nation was once a colony - and we knew what coloniali sm meansj the exploitation and subjugation of the weak by the powerful, of the many by the few_, of the governed who have given no consent to be governed, whatever their continent, their class or their colour.

"And t hat is why there is no ignoring the fact that the tide of self­ determination has not yet r eached the communist empire where a population far larger than that officially termed 'dependent' lives under governments insta lled by fore ign troops instead of free institutions - under a system which knows onl y one party and one belief - which suppresses free debate, free elections, f ree newspapers, free books and free trade unions - and which builds a wall to keep truth a stranger and its own citizens prisoners. Let us debate colonialism in full - and apply the principle of f ree choice and the practice of free plebiscites in every corner of the gl obe." ~OLSKA RZECZPOSP O LITA LUDOWA POLI S H PEOPLE'S REP U B LI C

STALE PRZEDSTAWICIELSTWO PRZY NARODACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

9 EA S T 66TH STREET, NEW Y OR K 2 1, N . Y.

RHINELAN D ER 4-25 06

No. XVI/8/61

Sir, It was with great surprise that my Delegation acquainted itself with the letter of the Permanent Representative of the United States and the attached o-/J statement of his Delegation, distributed on 25 November 1961 as General Assembly document A/4985 . \~ 1 , C{ i q > It is obvious to the Polish Delegation that 1\/\ )..-1 JO J this material, containing unscrupulous attacks against the t'\ /1 { socialist States, my country among them, was prepared in {l_: l~. the classical cold-war vein for the purpose of diverting the attention of the General Assembly from one of the most important questions facing the United Nations t o-day -­ the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples .

It is ironic, indeed, that the United States Delegation has found it possible to make this obstructive move, designed to undermine the very substance of the anti­ colonial Decl aration, afte~ ~the• US Representative, Mr. J.B . Bingham, speaking on 22 November from the r ostrum of the

His Excellency M. Mongi Slim President of the Sixteenth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations New York, New York. • - 2 -

I General Assembl' associated his}telegation, to use his own words, with ''the principles ✓ of that historic Declarationf{.')

The obvious truth is that the 1united States Delegation made a last-minute effort to undermine the increasing role and prestige of the socialist countries which are recognized all over the world as the most consistent opponents of colonialism, in whatever form it still appears. Thus, the purpose of this move is to drive a wedge in the mighty front of anti-colonial struggleo The document, distributed at the request of the United States Delegation, contains malicious references also to my country. These truthless utterances are offensive to the Polish nation and are an insult to the sovereign State of Poland. The Polish ))elegation✓ expresses its strongest reservations against this document.

It would be, indeed, below t9e dignity of the General Assembly as well as of my.,,»elegation to enter into polemics with such attackso T~e Polish D~legation considers that nothing should be done which would amount to complicity with the efforts of those who, having such a light regard for facts, are striving to undermine the historic decisions of the United Nations on the liquidation of colonialismo

I should be most grateful to you, Sir, for arranging this letter to be distributed without any delay as a United Nations documento ,{vi~~ ~f Winiewicz Chairman of the Pt/: Delegation to the /) , ' ' XVI Session of the United Nations General Assembly • THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS

November 25, 1961

Excellency:

I have the honor to request that the attached

comments be circulated as an official document under

Agenda Item 88, entitled "The situation with regard to

the implementation of the Declaration on the granting

of independence to colonial countries and peoples"

which is being discussed at the present Session of the

General Assembly.

Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of

my highest consideration.

Adlai E. Stevenson

Enclosure:

As stated.

His Excellency Mongi Slim, President of the Sixteenth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. cor ..J:.~:i\TS ;;y -21Ll U~T:.:1.u.J GTA'i'.i.:;;__; .J.::L:::.;GATIO.: \.,.~~ 'l'IU SOVI.u.i' J,lill:O.,;._JDUI,l CI."':CUL.,~E.J ,\J DOCUI,lliIJT ;_/ .,JuS - - .. THB SITUATI011 .,ITH

:Ri:GAnD TO THE UiPLEJ~i'l'ATIO~i 011 'I'IIB DiCL'..Lt.i'IOiJ Or, THE GRJJTLJG Q1i LD:8PE3D~JC.8 ':'0 CCLO:rJJL COU.GTLiiS AND Pi::OPLBS"

l'he United. ;.:;tates Delegation regrets th,1t the Soviet Union has been

1.mc.ble to resist u.till~ing ..v:."-- united ,1::c cirms foni.r., to att::.,,ck a number of r:icmber states in the 1.1ust outrageous and r isleadinc terms . Under the c.:.rcL.lI"lstances J hry.re:ver) the ur,i ted Stutes :1rnr has nv choice 'but to repl;-/) eve:1 though •..re had. :10:9eJ. to be 2.ble tc c_;:rrt.:.nue to keep the cold ir2.r out of the "colonial.:.sm" uebutcs durinc; the cur~·c:'lt session.

I

of the United Hc.tior.s

rights) in thl. dignity and ,;rorth of the humc...n person) .:.n the equal ric;hts of ncn and ..:cr-,e:: Ll.'7 .d. cf no.l,icns larc;c and. seall . .\,'1.;ything which (.lerogates fron the .:.nherc, .., r.:.c;r1ts of n:::i.rJ:..:.nd :::ucl of Lc"~::.ons a 1.,roper -- and even essei1t:'..al -- subject for study 2.nd c..:.scussion by the General ,"..ssembly .

'.i:l1e reltttior.s:-,:~_; betuc~ 1 .:.,eoples :..,v :i. .1aticr.s J ich .,e r .ve come tc co.11 coloniulism or oy ::.ts vario.nts -- neo-colonialisr.1 or imperialism - - ce.n cor..sti tute a denial o"' the rich ts of the incl.:. vic'..uc.lJ L.nd o:C' the l,)rinciple cf self-detcrr.i.:.r,at.:.on 2.nc1. HS such h0.s f:r>cqu:cntJ.y bce.1 the subj cct of our deliberations .

uince the fc.,l~'.'2.tion o:: 0 1 r org2.ni,a tion) tne ·rorld. COtTir. .i.::..i.ty he:,~ devoted much of its ti::KJ t::i..lent a,1J ener0y to the search for a solution to the more pressing colo:1i:J.l proolens in the wor:!.CL . l'he :i?ourth Cor.imittec of the General Asscr,~bly) the.. '.:.ru.:;tecship Council cmci the Comr.,lttee on

Infonnation from Non-Gcl:'-Governinc Territories have clebated 2,ncl made

/useful - 2 -

useful recorr.mendations en a multituuc of specific and general colonial

:problens. Other :probler.,s ho.ve ar.:.sen e,ud ho.ve bcc1 d~.scusscd by other

Cor.ni ttccs anC. un.:. tcci l>.tio- 1;., orc;:_, 1s .

011.y a :iostile pro:p•'.:::;L,ndist could. r::aintain that the United Nations

has not done useful 1rorl: in "}1is ::'_:_eld . I'hrrugh careful, c1.ctailed study

a.nd sound recommL.:1ehticns on s:pecifj_c issues, t:.1e General _;.ssembly ;:...nd other

We h::we seei1 the ev.:.dcnce of this dcvelo:pme'1t in the r.i.ost concrete

and meaningful ten:~s; i:'1 the fom ui' our mer:i'uersb ip, w:1 icil. has nmr more

th,;,n doui)led in the short lifetinc of our c.,rga.nizatior•.

'l'here s.re sone cu.ses .i:1ere repe~tcd i..h.1rr.cnitions by the General Assembly

have .:.)roveu unaviill __, . " LUJr.bs.:r of .:. tens .:.n ..,:1is c:;ener;..tl area have

problcI:s .

-·· 1 ., 1-, ..... ' __;,__;,_ ,._,,.._

Uni te;J. States Pc,.,i t.:.( r: on Cul or '.2,l:'..cn

occurs . .:.~rcellcct0.... ,l c.nJ.

'".::1~' person the Ol':; ortur..:.ty to l i.ve UllLler the:.:.r shelter is t, cr:Lrr.e 2.c;ai".:lst

O·:.ir 1,cr,u½l.i.c .:...., th~ :cod.ucc of the f.:.rst s'1cccss:Z\l2.. revolution asains·c colcnialisn in r,10~lern t:i.Jne s . 0ur pLo:plE:., C.rc:.:..m fron all the nat.i.ons of

pro0ressivc socictJ, ~1e 1°..... ve i-~tc:vcr forzotten ei thcr our or.:.cins 0r

:1c ck.re net for__;et todc.y th:.,,t .re c:rc tlie ne.:.rs of tho.t 1· rst revolutio'1, Let the

torch ho.s bee;1 lJasscd to a Y.C°\T ge::crat.:.on of .,nerican"' -- born in this

cf our o.ncic:1t her_;_ to.;;e - - u/1ci u...··-:r.r::.11 in~ to '.ii tness or permit the slmr undoing of thuse hun::m rights to ,;rtich this i:c:.tion has oJ.iro..ys been cor:Jmitteci, a,r.d to whic11 we c.re co:"D.1.:.ttcc.: tod.ecy ~t c home 2.'1cl o.rou:'1d the .rorlcl, - 4 -

"Let every n:,.t:.:.on kncM, ,,hcther :.:. t ,risl1 es us .rell or :.:.11, thcl.t we shall

pay any price, bear any burcle:1, :meet any hardsh:i._p, sup:r-,ort ari.y friend, oppose

aYJ.y :2oe to u.ssur·c the s.1rvivnl 2.nd st1ccess cf l:bcrt~y . . . n

Soviet i\lleeations iac;o_inst the US

In its frc:1ctic effort to cover up its mm uisrr.al record in the field

e;f colon:i.2.llsm ancl ll'vJ::::.r. r:.:. 0hts, +he Sov~_et Un:.:.or: has leveled t.ro pr:i.:'.1cipL-,l

charges against the United States : 1) the united 0tates is allied with

colon:.,}.lists ~.r:J f:.:..1'-.::ices c0:oni2.list ,-w.rs; and "-) the Uni tcu. .otates is

:Ltself a colonial po,-rer. The cuswer to both charges, for those .,illinc; to

see the truth, is sir:iple.

'l1l:1c United States is till:J.ltere.bly opposed t:) e.11 1mrs, includinc; of course

colonialist uars . ,ie are net now and we sn2.ll never become allied with

e.ny rn:1tion for the purgose of _i;,l:.rnnin0 , fim... c.:..t1c; or wagin;:; colonial wo.r.J .

0 'rl1e L1ilitary alliances we ho.ve fonned with others serve no acgressive

air.ls; they are clefe1sive alliances creo.ted in fact as a shield and a

deterrent to those ~.rho uould net shrinl~ fron the use of force to impose their

ne·.1 brn,nd. of colon:.:..alist rule on other peoples o.nd territories .

3eCOs1dly) Wt:. .rould hold :,o :._ieo1;le :1gain..,t its .:ill. .le are ::;ireparcd

to take the necesso.r;-1 measures to consult any or all of the approximJ..tely

one-hundred thousand peor}le uhose dest::..::iies :.re st.:..11 associated vith ours

s.ny ti.me they request _; t . ·l'he _people of· ?uerto Lico o,re fuJ.ly self­

govcn1ing, as the Gcnc1"2.l Assenbly he.s f'ouJ1d 2..fter careful examination,

enjoy the status o:~ . .r,1ericc.,,l c:i.ti,;c::1s, encl are f1•ce tc request o. ch::.:.nge

of status at any t:::.:ne . 111l1e reL1aininc; territories for which the United

St;.;.tes e:::ercises sovereignty c.re i11 the _process of beconinc self-governinc;.

/'me United The United fJtates ' position is thc,t ''the subjectj_on of peoples to alien

subju13ation) clonination and e:~ploito:tion constitutes a denial of

funcl.o..aento.l hw:1an ric;hts, is contro.ry to the Charter of the United

Nations and is an imr)edir,ent to the promotion of ,rorld 1,eace and cooperation. "

'l'his is the languace of rxmdUf()G; it is also the lo.nguage of the General

.\.sscmbly in rtesolutior.. 1511:. m1 the Granting of Inclepei1dence to Colonial

0 Peoples 2.nd '..Cerritor:1.cs . Lut there is a hicher authority and a more

definitive fornrL1.lo.tion .

The Cho.rter declares in elfect :

''that on every nation in possession of foreign territories) there rests

the responsibility 'co assist the peoples of these areas in the lJrogressive

development of free r)olitico.l institutions so th;__ct uJ.tinately they can

vo.lid.ly choose for thenselvcs their permo.nent politic:...l status . "

,Ie have ::uc:i '.-le ,rill continue to abj_de by the Chc.1rter. 0

But the c_{uestion rcm~~=~ns 1,hy the Joviet Union decided to

lavJ1cl1 SllCh rt recl:lcss attac~c o·(·~ tl1ose cotu.1tT:J_es ~-11:ich OlJ~pose its drive

for -;rorld conquest c,t 'chic time .

General ... csenbly. There 2rc t.ro ;:12.~or jtcrc 0::1 the o.genda of the

Ple:10.ry alone which will r:nke it 1Jossible to duscuss o,11 aspects of the

general 1n·obler1 • ,,

. ,

.,. ..,.-! J_ , ... fc,l lrn;cC. .. rs ,, .... L,l l

SllCcessf\:ll:~ i11 -'c:: · ~ ""~.-• L~ ... 1:/ ctl1c1· ::7_cl(t. 'ilic uC::i.ct Lb:.:.on is feo,rf'uJ_ the th:~t/ solut~_t;n u<'

to i'OClS

lf.Jrcover,

mp:i.dly

,,'hcrcver the

bent on the er'.1d.ic.;o.t:.:.on of the .1atimr.l :i.d.entit~· o:' t.:11 I- eo:ples ,rithin the

Savi.et clomn.2.n .

·"'11-i" .; ,..,,1 .1.· / .L •--'--' ..,1...i.l.\.,j,. ca.,_.... C"u ,. ':..'his inclic::-.tes t1:c ;.;ecodl we11-srrinc cf 0cviet i:'1terest in the colonial question in the: U::ited ,Tatior.s . 1J.11c ....ioviet mer:10ra:1ul1J'l o..nd initic.tive is o. clivcrs.:.cnc.ry move; c.n ~tter.:-.::it to prevent the ',rorlcl o::."6c.nizo.tion f::."on fccusinc; on the scr.:..ous clc:pr.:..v::i:Lio:1s of hu.mo.n ri[J.1ts in the Joviet ,rorlc.1 ,

Surely the keJ, hu.rcvcr, is the o.bsc.1ce of' self-d.ctcr.mination for the clc:uemlent :;:ieoj_~lcs co:1cc"r:cd.

Dcc,_,_usc the .rorlc1 co.·1::1ot lo·<1c reno.iY. ho.l:.>slave a.nd. half- free, the

Un.:.. ted st~~ tes e::J_1ects t~:::t t tl1e United. :m, t ion::; ,r .:..11 focus its attention o.s co.ref'ully on the "colon.:..al:'..sr.1 11 of the Soviet U:1ic 1:1 c:.s it does on tho.t of

Portu~c:l or o.ny other no.t::.o!"l . For if the Soviet Union comes to believe it cc.n enforce '- double sto.:1ll2.ru .:..n the worlcl ,.,.:._ th conpletc :i.mpuni ty,

:10 country in the ,.rorlLl ~;ill be s:J.fe .

'.:..11c 1·eco1"d s1,e2.ts for its elf.

3clf- Dcten:1ination in the Jovict ...n.11:.rc .

',le o.re tolu. tha"v the }JCOlJlcs of tl1c Jovict Uni(..JU cnj oy the ric;ht of self- Jcterr.1~nntio~. Incleed., the ~oviet rcr;ine at its incc:;ition issuec1 a

Declu.ro.tio!"l of l,ic).1ts -,r;_1ich .L;roclc,.irnecl ''the ri;ht o:'.: the r.o.tio::.1s of Lussi:... to free self-cletc:,::r.iinticn, i r:clc..1d.inc; the ric;ht to seceJ.e and forn

inclepe::1dcnt st:.t tcs . 11

How d.icl t:.lis 11 ri:::;ht ·· ,rork in pm.ct ice·: .:\..n :.ndc}Jcndent Ukro.inian

~er,uolic ,,ms rcco;:;11:zecl oy the Bolsheviks i.!1 lSl7 , but in 1917 they

/established. established c:rid incolJ)orated into the US8:l . In 1920) the independent

Hepublic of .~"'e:rba..l.d:::han was invo.dec1L by the Red ..rm.y u.nd c. Soviet

Soci:::.l:'..st Hepubl:.c .:::.i.::, i~rocL,:'.Jr.ed. In the s:::-:.t1e ~rec.r, the IChu.nu.te o::.'

~.epuolic of }Chorc;:;r 'K,c estt,ol::.shed. ~iith the conCJ_ucst of IG:1ive,, the approaches to its neighbo:::-) the i:l-:i.in1.te o:' Dokl12.r2., ucrc opened to the Soviet forces which invc1,d.cd in September 1920. In 1918, Armenia declc,red its inde:pcnclcncc :'rom :iuss i:l and c. m, .. nclo.tc offered to the United

Jovict amy invaded, c.nd :,1-ncnic.n independence; so lon.; 3.waited) 0.ras snuffed. out . L1 1921, the :::.eel .,rmy co.r.1e to the o.id of· Communists rebelling against the i,1dependent ste.te of Georc;ia and instc.llecl e. Soviet regime.

'I'his :9rocess ine:~orc,oly co11tinued.. Chc.ro.cter~_stic~.1lly) the Soviets

the process of coloni:.,l s1..•.b~uG2.tion at the e;::pense of its neighbors . The

Soviets 1 territorie.L:.;,:-;:r.:,cl::.::.enent included_ the Karelian province and other parts of I'inlo..nd ancl the ..::,'-""tern provinces of' Polc.nd) the Lur1anicm ri1·ovincos of B6ssc.r:.1.b:i.~"'.. c.n,J_ :Cu};:ovinc., the ::.ndependent states of Estonia,

South Sddw.lin, the l~urile I::;lc.ncls, o.nd ·.. :~rn:12. 'l1uv.: .. . /'l'hesc arc - 9 -

These c,rc outric}:1t annc::a,t::.or.s o:Z' tcrri tories ',;hose peoples are 2.s

cr:~oured of frccd.0;11 c,,-1cl :1s fully cn-~i tlecl to their ri[)1ts :::.s are the people

of

Sov:Let coloni::o,l ·i:.err.i:~or~--; .Lere neo-colon.:.:cI isn .i.n '--• forr~ never clreoned C of i:1 other :parts of the ;rorlc"'.. :.i_s rm.. ,cticecl . Sovi et Colonial :?rictices

'.i.'hc Soviet sy::;tee o:r coii.:.nc; '.ritl1 d.:.sc.ffccted pop1..1l:1tions in Soviet

i.Jur:'..:n__; the --.mr: the ..;OV:'..etc de:portecl e"'1tirc ethi1ic :::;rou:ps to the _;_,:;.st;

fearful the. t they ,TOlLlll us c tlle r ccc.s ion to .:'ic;l1 t for their independence .

Thes e grmr_ps _;_ncluded the Volc;e:. Gc:rr1;,ns ( L:-05 , 000) the Crir'le::m Tatars

(259, 000) , the l~~mc~::s cf the northI:estcrn C:cs:pic.n c.rec. (130,000, the

In.gush ( '7'i ',) 00"'. u / •

:iJ-irushc!1cv .i.r: secret ti1c Concrcss .:.a· the Cor:xmnist

Po.rty of tne Jov .i.et Un.i.c1c . L1 1957; the Ju:;:,rerc ,:.::ovict; c.ppe:.rently in

recouiition of the cr.:.ne conmitted ac;ainst 11-__::nn.:ii·i:.y, bel atedly clccrcccl

the Sov.i.ets ::0110,;-:'...1.0 tl1c.:.r J'UtL.J.css Sl:b~l:c;c.tion o•r the

.LL June of 191,1, :·1o··c. tnetn 200 ; 000

/,re the - lC -

c.re the lc,rgest /~sil,:-1 ;10.,tio~1 s1 1.bject to "Gl1e colo:.c:L~l rule of Soviet ~:ussia.

In 1939, their

'J.1hey corn}:)rised less than thirty per

cent of the p opulc.t::.on in what l:r. 1Chnwhchcv clesc:rioes as their

of the peoj_)lcs crnccr_1c(l. _'J..b2,nia

·_1he Gc:rmc,n and lCorcan

pco1:;le; 5.:Lv:~

f:',:i.lure of the 0cvict Union '.;o live

0 clectio~rn . of lc•,ter c::punsionisn oy

Ch::i.ir.cnn 1Chrus1.1chev

enclinc; flrnr of refuc;ecs fron the countries mc,J.c colonies by the Soviet

Union.

froc the Soviet Union, CoL:r:11..1~ist Ch_i_11~ __,_, o.11cl tl1e o.. reas they· coritrol :

Vietnc.r:i

o.r1d :i'ibet . /'l11e sreo:tcst - 11 -

live c.nd ,ror:i: :c.." the :'rec vorlJ. Dcs:v.i.te ~he uo.11 erected. to hold the

~iithin t\fO ye.0 ::.rs, 1 .J nillior. l"C:J:'..(LC.ts o:' the CortJY{:"..Uis·c zone, out o:' c.n est:i.r.11:.tcd 1JC.,_nlat::_011 of '.) miJl.'..on, :cic;1·0."ced soutlrnc..ru. to the :Jcpublic

O.n 'l. 1·e:'..\,ccd to ~~orth ::ore2 ::,.,,ncl 25,000 Chiner.;e solu.:'..crs o.Jso 1•efuscd to c;o ho:'lc .

"ithin ten :c,:m,chs a.-f,c.er the :r_)c.rti t.:.on of v .:. ctn::i.n, :1ec.rly 2. mill.~on

' v~.o1ation cf

Pcr:n::. r.:; the r.:ost dr::ir.1c.t.i.c :.nstc.ncc ·;rc,s the :21.'..£.,:ht of neo.rly

0 4-00 J 000 .i,.n,n,._1.,L.....,Q'-".i.1 c:-•· ...,.·,,,,,., __ ...... ,.._.,_i,,..J ._.._._,, .,..,__e··· U - .,__,neu - 1·evol- _ .,_V o·"...:.. October 1 ./0Jc6 112.s crishecl.J. l,. b·y.

"~ '.J livc anc.l ·.re:·,: ,..!.,r.:. ti.1e: ,fest.

/ .. c ::..re ..-e 2.re c.t :;ircsent liv:_"J.0 throu.&'1 tl1e 1.10Gt recent e::nn:ple o:: th:i.s

.!i"..,h ti.c c·1inesc Cor::11m1ist s-uo~u.::;c.tion c.,f i'ibet,

othu·

Stc.:.lin i:1 192.J ex:plecined tll:..1.t "there c.re .Lnstc.·,nccs JLlC:'.°' t2ie r::.c;:.1t o:i.' .::;cl:.'..'-d.ctermination cor: cs in'c-o

obst.:.clc to the TC[.'..l.:.zo.tion o:' the

ric;l.1t of the 1rorkinc; clc.sc to .:.ts mm clicto.tornh:'..:i_J . '='he for:n.cr m:ust 13i ve

CU11

0'1 the co:1tro.r:·, re, c}:er th ':!.:1 c.ss ist i.nc; tl1e developnent toward 6rc2. tcr

:_nder~cnde::ice ,.>,r·c.l self- dctermin'.ltioi: of t:1e nc.t.i.ons under their donination,

the c.!mcunced C,.N.:.c'..; c:e:..;.:.u1 ::.s to crc.d:~c:_tc cell 112.tionol ( incluuinc;

socj_:.0.list rcl.,'~:i.ons :.;trc•-::.__;the~1s the soc.:..::,.list LL'1l::01mity of the nc.t.:.ons

of cl::css u.I ffcrencc:o . " :iJ.1rc,sl1c11cv, ~n his October 18, 1961 spcccl1 to the 1 ' -

the ".Lt ::.s strc..ss the cd,lco.t.'..02'l of the rr.o.sscs ::.:1 the .:;.!::'.'..ri t 0: rrolct2,1·~2.1:. interac.:tionc..l..:.sr c..:1c1 Jov.:.et :::_Jo:Lr:~otisr. .

Th:.s :l.s the u...11.~_quc L.:;pect of Gov .:.ct "colcmiulisn" m asricct tho;'-:, d::.ffercntic,tcs it

.!.'hey not only 0cck

opprcssior: o,,1d c::.9loi-L:... :~.:. _,,n J .::icv.:.ct pro:'css.:.~ns of devotion to the 'Jclfo..rc

These

·'J,OCL!

r., • ' -• r• ) 1 _J·,~.J-v .,_,..,~_.., 1.1CVCl,lC:-J.tS: CcL1r.11.111is t-fror1t

'i'hc J.Jclic.:..es t>.. ese countries,

... \.t tl1c

Cor.rr:iv.:1ist _:/1ilo::.;011h;:;, by ~111.:.ch "freed.om" beconcs

of ,rorcls , the 3oviet u:1.:.on ho:;_Jes to cEstrc.ct ~~ttc:1tion from the rc;..1,l

iSG1.1CC . B1.1t the pco1,les c:'.' the 0.rorlu co,n forc;ct four ftmcl:.:.r:cntetl fu.cts

only ~,Jv their mm peril : tl1c Sin.a- ., . .., .... , .• .1. - ..;....I..,;) 1..,) tL.c col0:1.:.:...1

::.s not

t~ic }:)cr:\phc:r7/ of the bloc.

·· the most cru1..-l ancl oppressive

ever ~1cvise6. . :.:i:· the ···u-cn::.ess 2.nd orutal ,u::;e of tccl:n.i.y_ucs 0f police control,

c1.irectio:1

the people, o.r.d ht.,ve hclcl trc.i.r peo:)lcs .:.n v.:.rtuc.1 isolation fro::-.: the outs.i.de

1rorlu..

-·....,"

Prcs.i.dent Kc: 1,..,ccJ:.r ..,ur11ll::. 0·ized l. t i~1 the ·"ollc.r.:.n0 \TOrds in his

:t- colo,:..l:.i.lis:.

,1.:.thi:1 the liriits of our respo!'ls.:.bilit:.· in

such n:.,. ttcrs, ny Co· Dtry ::.nter:Js to oe ~:. _po.r-'.:.ic.:.pant rmcl not r'.lcrcl;-,.· an

l21c status

/ sclf- cletcnnino, t:i.on But coloni.r~l::..:m ·~11 .~ts i1(,rsi1est forr.1s ::..s not only tlie exploitc,t:'...on of

of the

coverncc'.; vho..tcver the:;.r co:1tinent, thc.:.r cl2.ss c1· -;;heir color. :..ncl tlut

_..., ·10 ::..r·-or::.~1c the fact th2.t the t:.i.G.e of self-G.etcnn:'..nat::..on

-- -...1.rnler

one ocl.:.ef -- ,rhich sup:::,rcsscs free d.cbo.tc, o.nu. free elections, 2.'1,l :.C'rce ric\TS?~.r,c:::-s, ::.'.ncl free l ool:s and. ·.:'rec trm'l.c unions

~.1. '... UNITED NATIONS Distr. -::CENERAL LIMITED A/L.355 9 October 1961 ASSEMBLY: ENGLISH ORIGINAL: RUSSIII.N

Sixteenth session Agenda item 88

THE SITUATION vTITH REGAiill TO THE IM.?LEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTL~G OF rn:,~PF,.Nill;NCE TO COLONIAL ' COUNTRIBS AND PEOPJ~ES

Union of Sov:tet Soct ali st Repub].ics: draft resolution

The General Assembly, Considering that colonialism and the practices of segregation and discrimination associated therewith continue in existence and tQ,at impediments are being created to the attainment of freedom by the dependent peopl es, Noting that the Declaration on the grant:i.ng of i ndependence to colonial countries a::id peoples adopted- at the fiftr::-= nth session.which pr0claimed the necessity of b:d nr~J_:ng to a speedy and m 1c'.) ;.1d..!. tior.e.l end colo.1fo.l:i s:.n j_n all its forms and manifestc:timls, is not being ilil!)le,nertcd. by States Members of the United Nations administering l}.':!:,:ct •.;..rd ether 1Ton-Se1.f--Governing Territories, Being a.ceply con:.::e,t..eJ. at the serious conflicts engendered by the refusal to grant freedom to the dependent peoples and by the use of arme d f orce and repressive measures by the Administering Authoriti~s against the pco1Jle of the Trust and other Non-Self-Governing Territories, which constitutes a threat to world peace, 1. Calls -for the immediate implenentation by all States administering Trust an~ other Non-Self-Governing Terr itories of the United Nations Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples; 2. Declares that the final and unconditional liquidation of colonialism in all its forms and manifestations must be implemented not later than the end of 1962;

61-23468 I ... A/L.355 English Page 2

Calls upon States administ ering Trust and other Non-Self-Governing . Territdries to proceed immediately, with a view to the carrying out of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, to take the following measures in their dependent Territories: (a) To give the indigenous population the opportunity of really exercising all democratic rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, of the Press and of assembly, to revoke all statutes and decrees permitting racial discrimination and all prohibitions or limitations of the activity of the political parties, trade unions and public organizations of the indigenous inhabitants, and to proclaim an unconditional amnesty for all political prisoners; (b) To hold elections to the organs of power on the basis of universal suffrage and thus to establish gepuinely national democratic institutions, to transfer all powers to these institutions and to put an end to the activity of all organs of colonial administration; (c) To withdraw all the t roops of the administering countries, to disband all para-military formations of non-indigenous inhabitants and to dismantle completely foreign military bases in Trust and other Non-Self-Governing Territories; (d) To cancel all agreements, including secret agreements, concluded with Trust and other Non-Self-Governing Territories which are designed to restrict the sovereignty of the future independent States, and not to conclude agreements of this kind in the future~ (e) To revoke actions previously taken designed to ensure the union, in whateve1· form, of the Trust and other Non-Self-Governing Territories or of particular parts thereof with the administering countries, and not to permit such actions in the future; 4. Decides to establish, on the basis of the equal representation of the three main groups of States, a special Commission to conduct a full and comprehensive inquiry into the situation with respect to the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples and of the measures for carrying it into effect; 5. Directs the Commission to report to the General Assembly at its seventeenth session on the execution of this resolution; 6. Decides to include the question of the completion of the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples in the agenda of its seventeenth session. •

RE""· · ,ll;EJIEr.AIJ,IDi CCCP HA XYl CECCHM r EHEPA~filIOM ACCAMBJIEM OOH ~GT 191 11 2( 11 C8HTS:6pa: 1961 I'.

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r-HY MoHrH CAMMY Ilpe'AC0'A8,TeJIIO XYl ceccHM reHeJR~DHOM Ac~aM6AeH OOH r.HI,ro-HopK, H.M. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERA:L GENER/1.L A/4889 ASS E,M BLY 27 September 1961 ENGLISH ORIG IN.AL: RUSSIAN

Sixteenth session Agenda item 88

THE SITUATION WITH RF.GARD TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPEND~CE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AfID PROPLES

Letter dated 26 Sentember 1961 from the Minist-er for Foreign Affairs ofthe Union of Soviet Socialist ReRubl ics_,a~dre~ed to the President of' the General_ ~sseJllbl.}1:

In connexion with the discussion at the present session of the General Assembly of the item 11 The situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples" I am forwarding herewith' a Memorandum from the Governn:ent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re,ubl~cs concerning that item. I should be grateful if you would have the Memorandum of the USSR Government concerning the situation with regard to the implementation of the Declare.tion on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples issued as an official document of the General Assembly.

(Sisned) A. GROMYKO

61-22547 / ... A/4889 English Page 2

♦ MEMORANDUM • FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

on the situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independenc.e to colonial countries ~nd peoples 26 September 1961 •

1. On 14 December 1960 the United Nations General Assembly, having on the initiative of the Soviet Union discussed the question of the abolition of the colonial system, adopted the historic Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, in which it solemnly proclaimed the necessity of bringing to a speedy and unconditional end colonialism in all its forms and • manifestations. Giving eXpression to the will of, the peoples, the United Nations stated in the Declaration that "The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation". All the States of the world except for the colonial Powers - the United • States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Belgium, the Union of South Africa, Spain, Australia and, joining with them, the Dominican Republic - unanimously supported the Declaration and in so doing took a stand in favour of the final abolition of the shameful colonial system so that the road to a free and independent life might be opened to all the peoples of the coionies. That was a great victory for all progressive people everywhere, and a major success for the socialist countries and the independent States of Asia., Africa and Latin America in their joint struggle against colonialism and imperialism. The United Nations Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples was acclaimed by all the peoples of the earth. The peoples • of the colonies interpreted the Declaration as heralding an early end of their age-old slavery. The adoption of the Declaration was greeted with enormous satisfaction by • all the peoples also because complete abolition of colonialism would rid mankind of the unhappy legacies of the past and would remove one of the most dangerous A/4889 English • Page 3

causes of wa.r. Not a single year passes without the colonialists precip.1.ta.ting an armed conflict in Asia, Africa or Latin America in an effort to keep the peoples of the colonies in sub,jection by force of arms. Each such conflict confronts the world with a serious international crisis, a very real threat of the outbreak of a general war. The system of colonial ism has always been condemned by all honest people. Today, af ter the adopti on of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial count ries and peoples, the preservati on of t hat system, the continuation of the policy of terror and repression age,ins~ those who f ight f or ns.tional self-dete:.1rl.nat ion, anq. t he i n{ltiga.tion of colonial war can only be r~garded as co:ast itut :\.r.g a 1r.ost hei.no11s crime -'3.gainst al l :mankind, a flagrant violation of international l aw and open defiance of th~ United Nations. 2. The t ime t ha,t has elapsed since tb: tMloption ;?f t he Declaration has not been short. There has bee.n adequate time and full opport 1.:mi-ty to take practical steps for t he liberat i on of al l peoples which still l anguish in t he fetters of colonialism, to .impl~wPnt t ~e provision of the Declaration concerning the transfer of all powers t o the pecples of the col.onies and to put an end t o colonial administration, while at the s3.me time cee,~iDg all armed action or repressive measures against the peoples of the coloni es and al l attempts to disrupt their national u~ity and territorial int egrity. ':.There can be no question but t hat if the colon::.al Po,rers had compi ied with t he provisions of t he Declar ation, the last vest :.ges of t he colonfa.l system would "b e in the process of elimination th:-oughout the world aud t he Scates Mcmb2rs of the Ur!~.ted Nations would have been able to note at this se3sion of the General Assembly t hat a most important decision of toe Un~ t ed Na tions was bci ~g put into effect. Yet tl:e f a~ts show i nd:'. srutabl.y that t he coloni al Powers are in r es,lity ignoring t he provisions of t l:e De<::1a:ration and t hat their crl:nes against the I pe0p,l es .which are f ight i ng fC' r the:'...r f r eedom and indP.r,2;1Jcnce have not been hal ted but, on the cont rary, ar e multiplying and are becoming incr easingly dang =rous. The Declaration calls for the speedy and un~ouditional granti:ag to all colonial peoples of the right of scl f -determin~ti0n, i.e. t he right of establishing independent natioual States. Yet that major provision of the

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Declaration has not been implemented even to the extent of 10 per cent. It is known, of course, that on 27 April 1961 the independence of the former United Kingdom colony ,Sierra Leone was proclaimed, that the trusteeship regime in the Cameroons under British administration has been terminated, that the attainment of independence by Tanganyika, a United KiP.gdom Trust Territory, at the end of 1961 has been announced and that Western Samoa, a New Zealand Trust Territory, will become independent on l January 1962. But that is all? Counting all the changes which have taken place in those Territories or will have taken place by I the end of this year, ~igi1t y-eight territories with a total population of 71,100,000 will R-t_:!:_ lJ:.._1, e under c?1011ialist rul e on 1 January 1962. If the process of granting i ndepe~dence to the peoples of the colonies is going to continue at this pace, t he i mpl ementation of the Declaration is likely to take whole decades, a situation which must not be permitted to materialize. The conscience of mankind cannot tolerate the fact that to this day the great continent of Africa, whose peoples are now playing a leading role in the life of human society, still has t wenty-seven dependent and Trust Territories where 50 million P£ricans live under the cruelest colonial oppression. It is in Africa that the United Kingdom's largest colonial possessions are to be found: Kenya, Uganda, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and others, with a total population of 23 million. More than 11 million Africans are being oppressed by Portugal and over 10 million by France. The fact that in Asia there are still sixteen colonial territories with a total population of about 10 million also gives rise to indignation. The United Kingdom alone continues to hold twelve colonies in Asia, with a population of over 7 million. Next come the colonialist Powers,the Netherlands and Portugal, which have enslaved millions of people in the territories they have torn away from India and Indonesia. About 7 million people groan under the heavy weight of the colonialist yoke in the American continent and nearby islands, while more than 3 million people live in conditions of slavery in Oceania, All those Territories should, in accordance with the Declaration, have speedily received freedom and independence. Yet they are still colonies.

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3. The De claration on t he gr anting of -independence to colonial countries and peoples includes a clear and unequivocal provision t hat all armed action or repressive measures of all kinds directed against dependent peoples should cease. How has this eminently humanitarian provision of the Declaration been implemented? The colonialists have cynically replied to it by un.leashing new colonial wars and intensifying repressive measures against the peoples of the colonies. Virtually on the morrow of the adoption of the Declaration, the GaV:ernment of Portug8-l started a. bloody colonial war against the people of .A.ngola who are fighting for their national independence. Portuguese troops, armei to the teeth, are day by day exterminating the heroic sons _and daughters of Angola and laying waste the territory of that country. According to the testimony of objective observers, the Portuguese colonialists are 'deliberately pursuing a policy aimed at the extermination of the country's indigenous population. Eye-witnesses bring word from Angola that the Portuguese colonialists subject the fighters for internatio:oal liberation who fall into their hands to mediaeval tortures,chopping off their hands and feet, beating them with nail­ studded clubs, starving them, even killing relatives who attempt to bury the bodies of the executed. During the first four months of the colonial war in Angola alone more than 50,000 Angolans were killed, and the war has gone 6n for another four months since then. Seeking to prolong its rule in Angola and to conceal f r om world public opinion the atrocities which are connnitted there, the Governm~nt of Portugal :r:_efuses to comply with the resol utions of t he Security Council and the General Assembly and, in particular, to admit the United Nations Committee of investigation into Angola. Now the Portuguese colonialists are working to extend the colonial war to Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea. Their reign or terror is becoming increasingly cruel and bloody in Goa, where large nu,mbers of troops and quantities of modern weapons are being assembled, a concentration of force which constitutes a very real threat to security in that part of As ia. France is still carrying on its criminal war against the people of Algeria. With every day that passes the army of the French colonialists, more than a half-million strong, adds to the long list of the crimes it has committed on the blood- and tear-stained soil of Algeria. Eight hundred thousand dead, 200,000 thro~n in.to prisons and concentration camps, more than a million driven from / ...

r A/lf-889 EnsJ.ish Page 6 • their homes and forcibly placed in "resettlement centres", 300,000 refugees who fled to Tunisia and Morocco to escape repression - that is by no means a full list of the victims of the French colonial ists in Algerta. What is more, this list is growing daily. At one time there seemed to be some possibility of a peaceful solution of the Algerian question, for the French Government professed its readiness to put an end to the war against the Algerian people on the basis of recognition of the principle of self-determination for Algeria and to negotiate with the Provisional Government of the fligerian Republic concerning the procedure by which that principle was to be implemented. No &ooner had the negotiations begun, however, than it became clear that what the French colonialists wanted was not to end the war in Algeria but to dismember Algeria, to tear away an integral part of it, namely the Sahara with its oil, and thus to deprive the Algerian people of

♦ its mineral wealth. This occurred after the Declaration had condemned any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of any colony when it was granted independence as incompatible with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations Charter. But what do the French Government and the oil companies of the United States, West Germany ana. other Western Powers which are behind it care about the United Nations Charter, the demands of the peoples, right and justice, when the oil of the Sahara holds out to them the promise of unheard-of profits? The Government of the United Kingdom has repeatedly stated and continues to state that it is in favour of granting independence to the colonies. Yet the fact is that, as in the past, the United Kingdom is still the greatest colonial Power in the world, in whose possessions almost 35 million people bear the weight of the colonial yoke. ~sregarding the provisions of the United Nations Declaration, the United Kingdom colonial authorities ~re continuing to slaughter fighters for the independence of Northern Rhodesia and carry out mass reprisals against the patriots of Kenya, while the United Kingdom aircraft bomb the peaceful settlements of East Aden. For six years now the United Kingdom has been waging a colonial war against the people of Oman and the end of that war is not in sight. Making a formal concession to the spirit of the times, the United Kingdom Government announced on 19 June 1961 the abolition of the protectorate in Kuwait, yet immediately thereafter it ~ent its troops there. It would be hard to find a more convinc~ng demonstration of the hypocrisy of the colonialists, who make a i::iockery of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and people, / ... • • A/4889 English Page 7

The Congo, which was not allowed by the imperialist Powers even one day in which to live peacefully in the enjoyment of the independence it had won, has become the victim of open intervention by a united front of Belgian and ,other colonialists. The facts show that Belgium even now has not relinquished its interventionist plans in the Congo and is continuing as in the past to weave the tbrends of a conspiracy against the young Republic of the Congo, relying in its criminal actions against t he Congolese people on puppets of the Tshombe type, and trying with their aid to retain control of tbe key positions in the Congo, especially in t he province of Katanga., whose immense natural resources are well knowrh Seeking at all costs to maintain its rule over the Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi, situated in the heart o!' Africa, the Belgian colonialists are employing the poisoned weapon of national.~ tribal differences, ceaselessly provoking conflicts among the local tribes in order to split the ranks of the national-liberation movement and thereby prevent the implementation of the resolution of the United Nat~ons General Assembly calling for the holding of elections in Ruanda-Urundi and the granting of freedom and independence to the people of that Territory. According to refugees from Ruanda-Urundi, the colonialists there have set about physically exterminating the people, using modern types of weapons, including flame thr owers. The Goverru:oent of the Netherlands i s throwing more and more troops and weapons into West Irian. 4. In the Declaration which it adopted the United Nations declared that immediate steps should be taken to transfer all powers to the peoples of t~e colonial and Trust Territories without any conditions or reservations and without any distinction as to race, creed or colour. This provision of the Declo.rati on also is ignored by the colonialists. In French Somalil and, in the Spanish Sahara, in Basutoland which is being oppressed by t he United Kingdom, in Portuguese Guinea, as in the overwhelming majority of other colonies, not only have no steps whatsoever been taken to transfer power to the indigenous inhabitants but those inhabitants continue as before to be deprived of the most elementary democratic rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression, of the Press and of association, freedom to form national political parties and the right to elect / ... A/4889 English Page 8

their own organs of authority. Even where elections are held, as, for example, in Rhodesia, the colonialists prevent almost the entire indigenous population from participating in them. In the colonies the laws establishing racial discrimination have not been abolished and the local black or c9loured population continues as in the past to be denied equality of_political a~d civil .rights with the white settlers. Particularly monstrous examples of the mockery of the _most elementary human rights are to be found in the Republic of South Africa, that veritable private domain of slave-owners, where the white lords and masters, as in ancient Rome, build their entire prosperity on the exploitation of millions of black and coloured slaves. Racial discrimination and aparthei~ - these are the keystones of the policy of the ruling circles :i.n the Republic_of · South Africa. The racist Government of t~1e Republic of South Africa is also imposing its regime of terror and racial discrimination on South West Africa, which has been converted into a colony deprived of all rights. The tyranny of the Republic of South Africa over this country has assumed such dangerous forms that the United Nations Comlllittee on Soutb West Africa, in its memorandum dated 28 July 1961, made the considered statement tbat "tbe situation in South West Africa remains a grave tbreat to international peace and security", and noted that as a result of the criminal actions of the Republic of South Africa "the United Nations bas been confronted••• with a situation of force calling for action by the Security Council". Rudely rejecting all the appeals and resolutions of the United Nations calling for an end to the policy of apartheid and racial discrimination in the Republic of South Africa and the granting of freedom to the people of South West Africa, the Government of the Republic of South Africa is placing its country outside the community of States Members of the United Nations. 5. The actions of the colonialists aimed at preventing the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples are so provocative that it is legitimate to ask how they .can bring themselves to flout the will of the peoples, as expressed in the United Nations Declaration, and whence they derive their confidence that they will escape punishment.

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Life itself provides the answer to this question: the Portuguese, French, I United Kingdom, Belgian, South African, Netherlands and Spanish colonialists are relying in all that they do on tbe support of the United States of America, the main bulwark of present-day colonialism. The Uhited States Government makes great efforts to convince the world that it is a champion of the freedom and independence of peoples. Yet every day brings further evidence that the United States is not only supporting the United Kingdom, I French, Portuguese, :f!eJ.gian, Netherlands and other colonialists, but is itself acting as the chief gendarme and oppressor of the colonial peoples. No manoeuvres or propaganda tricks can conceal that f~ct. ~t value can be attached, for example, to formal United States sup~ort in the United Nations for a demand that Portugal should cease wholesale r~receiou against the people of Angola, if the

same United States has supplied f~~ .,~· ¥84potlS and war materials to a value of nearly $300,000,000 and is conttnuing to give it military aid, if American bombs marked "Property of the United States Air Force" are dropped on the peaceful villages of Angola? Who will believe statements by official circles in the United States that the Government of that country desires a peaceful settlement of the Algerian question when the aircraft by which the peaceful inhabitants of Algiers are strafed are marked "Made in u.s.A, 11 ? The representatives of the French Government had good reason to state that they were satisfied with the position of their United States · allies in connexion with the events in Tunis: French airmen were bombing Bizerta from American B-26 aircraft and when the question of Bizerta was discussed at the special session of the United Nations General Assembly the United States delegation to all intents and purposes supported the French aggressors. The other colonial Powers are also receiving wide support from the United States. To the United Kingdom, for example, the United States has supplied military aid to a total value of more than $1,000 million, while the corresponding figure for France is almost $4,500 million, for Belgium $1,200 million and for Spain almost $500 million, and it is no secret to anyone that a considerable part of that aid, in the form of tanks, ordnance, aircraft, aerial bombs, napalm bombs, ma.chine guns and other weapons, is used to supply armies which are waging colonial wars. The United States is thus an accomplice in all the bloody / ...... ,.,...., ~,._,, ..., .,..... ~ ~ "

A/4889 English Page 10 , atrocities perpetrated by the ot he:.· colonial Powers in their colonies. Wherever the blood of the peoples r wa:rriors flows - in .Alger·ia, Tunis, Angola, Oman, r Rhodesia, Aden, South West Africa - wherever the lawlessness and savage arbitrary rule of the racists prevail, we find the hand not only of the fighting colonialists of France, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Republic of South Africa, but also that of their all;i: and protector, the United States of America. The United States is al.30 the accomplice of the Government of the :Republic o·"" South Africa in the application of t he savage policy of apartheid and racial dis crimination, since it has granted the South African Government three-quarters of the loans obtained by South Africa since World War II. The whole system of the aggressive military blocs - NATO, CEJ\lTO and SEATO - which are led. by the United States , has -o een placed at the service of colonial.ism. It is here, within the framework of t he military blocs, that the colonialists make arrangements for mut ual support and elaborate their joint plans for combating the national-liberation movement in the colonies. It is not without reason, for

11 instance, that among the NATO organs there is a "Committee on African .9.uestions , with the task of co-ordinating action taken by the colonial Powers to suppress the movement of the African peoples for their freedom and independence. No sooner is any NATO member t hreatened with the loss of its colonies tban the United States and the other members of the bloc hacten to its assistance. The war machine of the aggressive blocs iR also entirely at the colonialists' disposal. The troops employed by France in Algeria and by Portugal in Angola in the war against the peoples of those coun~ries form part of the so-called NATO combined armed forces and they could not have been transferred from western Europe to the continent of Africa without the consent and direct approval of the NA'l'O Supreme Headquarters which is headed by United States personnel. In defending and supporting the United Kingdom, French, Portuguese and other colonialists, the United States is also defending the vast profits derived by United States monopolies from the exploitation of the natural wealth and the cheap labour in the cclonial possessions of those States. It is there, in the colonies of the European States, that the secret colonial empire of the United States - the sphere of supremacy of United States monopoly capital - came into being long ago and has been constantly growing. According to official United States data, the pr ofits of United States companies in Africa alone over the fifteen years which I ...

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have elapsed since the end of World War JI have amounte1 to $1,234 million. It is not without reason that Africans say that, for Jtjbe sake of enabling the United States monopolies to go on pumping hWldred.s of millions of dollars out of the col6nial coUlltries in Africa, the United States Government is ready to support not only the Portuguese colonialists and .the South African sl&ve masters but even the devil himself. Another reason why the United States of America supports its NATO allies in their colonial ventures is that the United States itself bas colonial possessions, r however hard the representatives of the United States Government try to deny it. What is Puerto Rico, where 2.5 million people live in conditions of cruel exploitation, 1:t not a colony il'.! the true9t sense of the word? Or Okinawa, a Japanese island with a population of almost one million people, which was captured by the United States and is densely covered with United States air bases? Or the hundreds of islands in the Pacific whose inhabitants were driven from their homes on the establishment of proving grounds for the testing of United States atomic and thermo-nuclear weapons? It is an indisputable fact that the United States now has twelve colonial possessions with a population of 3.3 million people.

,Like the other colonial Powers, the United States has not only clung tenaciously to its colonies but is even not averse from appropriating additional territories.. It is well known, for instance, that latterly the United States Government has been actively engaged be~ind the scenes at the United Nations in an attempt to secure the annexation to its territory or to that of its colony, Guam, of the Paci:fic Islands, which were placed under United States trusteeship after the Second World War by decision of the United Nations. The history of the United States of .America bas been for many decades and still :ts today a history of colonial wars and imperialist aggressions. And now, a.t special army centres in the United States, so-called "special forces" units are being intensively developed and trained with the primary objective of conducting operations to suppress the national-liberation movement in the colonies and to undermine from within the young national States of Asia and Africa, which have wrested their independence from tbe colonialists. The "special

forces" units supplement the so.;clil,.lled United States "peace corps 11 , which is to sup-ply the co.lonie.s an.cl i..n.d.ependent States of Africa, Asia and Latin America with

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preachers of obedience and propagandists of the American way of life - that way of , life under which Unit ed States Negroes a.re subjected to humil~ating racial ( discrimination and diplomats from Afr1cNJ. countries, including representatives of those countries to the United Nations .1 'become the v-i~tims of base violence solely because their skin is black. 6. There is yet another State that i~ graduiliy betng included more and more in the general colonialist front against the ~eoples of tbe colonies. This is the Federal Republic of Germany, a State of revense-aEiekers and militarists, whi ch has provided the French Government with "a sietat1.e 11 to tbe extent of 2, 000 million marks in financing the colonialist war a6iiWJt the Algerian peopl e, bas supplied the foreign legions of Spain, France, Belgi~ ~ 4 otbe~ colonialist Powers with units of former S.S. men, and maintaina tne ~l.Os"Elet rel ations with the South African Republic of r acists and slev -,.own r•• As a member of the NATO milital"Y b!oo, tile f e~eral Republic of Germany is taking an active part in the formulati.on and execution of all the measures taken in concert by the colonialist. Powers against the national-l iberation movements of t he colonial peoples. But t be Feder al Republic of Germany is not merely assi sti ng

6 the other colonialists; the leading circles in the,t State are again nurturing plans for colonial usurpations. It was Chancellor Adenauer himself who proclaimed as far back as 1953 that West German youth would have "once again to colonize" the countries of the East. The peopl.eG of the world have not forgotten that the leaders of tbe Kaiser's Germany, and later the leaders Q:f Hitler's Ger.many, had the same wild plans; they remember how, much blood the attempts to carry those plans into effect have cost mankind. And now t hese :pl1Y1s are once again being put forward by the We st German revanchists. Qf course, in these times it is not easy to re-enslave independent States or to t ui•n them into colonies. For t hat r eason the ruling circles in the Federal Republic of Germany, while awaiting the moment for some kind of colonialist adventure, are foll.owing the United States example and building a private colonialist empire of West German banks, industrial and trading companies in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 7. In the year that has passed since the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and. peoples, it has become even easier to see the role that the United States and I .... A/4889 English Page 13

the other colonialist Powers have assigned to their military bases on foreign territory as strongholds of colonialism. Today, the French military base of Bizerta at Tunis, which has been aimed against all the countries of the Maghreb, has become th~ most striking s~,mbol of colonialism. The aggression which the French launched against Tunis in order to keep their hold on Bizerta silowed all Africa, and not Africa alone, how enormous was the threat that colonialism represented to the maintenance of universal peace and the secu.rity of nations. This aggression also demonstrated that military bases on the territories of young States which in bitter combat had won, their r:i.ght to an independent national life were being used by the colonialists as spring-boards for attempts to restore colonialism. The French colonialists are still occupying the area of Bizerta, although the overwhelming majority of States once again declared, in the resolution adopted by the United Nati(!llf Gene~al Assembly on 25 August 1961, that "the presence of French armed forces in Tunisian territory against the express will of the Tunisian Government and people constitutes a violation of Tunisia1s sovereignty, is a permanent source of international friction and endangers international peace and security". The colonialists are also using other military bases of theirs on foreign territory for the same ends. A British army special combat brig~de was transporteu to Kuwait from the United Kingdom military base at Kahawa in Kenya. British aircraft take off from the military base of Mukalla in Aden to bomb the defenceless towns and villages of Oman. When in July 1960 Belgian troops were transported from Europe to Africa to carry out aggression against the Republic of the Congo, they stopped on the way at Wheelus field, the United States military base in Libya. In their desire to remain on the African continent, the colonialists are making every effort to extend the system of military bases wherever possible. It is common knowledge, for example; that the French Government has concluded 11 defence agreements" with a number of newly independent African States, giving France the right to station its forces on their territory and thus to create bases for new colonialist wars. It is also well known that the United K:i.ngdom has' imposed similar agreements upon Cyprus, Nigeria and a number of other newly­ independent States. A/4889 English Page 1!~

8. This is how things stand. From whatever angle one views the question of the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, one arrives_at the same conclusion: there is no crime the colonial Powers will shrink from .committing proviued they can frustrate the implementation of the Declaration and maintain their rule over the colonies. The colonialists are not return~ng what they have stolen in the fond hope that the nations will be unable to bring them to book. But they are mistal~en. The globe is not their fief, and the twentieth century is the century of the atom and of cos~c flights by _man, not that of the slave trade and piracy. At this stage there are no nations wbich are unprepared for freedom, but there are nations wt ich are still being forcibly deprived of it. They must be given this freedom. It is the duty of the United Nations and of the States Members of the United Nations to help them to fulfil their aspire.tions. We cannot sit back and wait for the rusty bars of the colonial prisons to disintegrate by themselves. They must be shattered and broken as soon as possible and for all time by the joint efforts of all freedom-loving States. A heavy responsibi'.l.ity in this noble and righteous cause rests with the United Nations whose Charter is founded on the just principles of the equality of nations, the freedom of peoples and the sovereignty of States. In the Declaration it adopted a year ago, the United Nations expressed itself in favour of the unconditional and immediate granting of ina.ependence to the colonial 9ountries and peoples. The past year has demonstrated the great vitality and force of the Declaration. At the same time, however, it has now become clearer than ever before that a mere statement by the United Nations in support of the freedom and independence of the peoples of the colonies is still not enough and that it is necessary to draw up specific measures ensuring the implementation of the Declaration, to oblige the colonialists to put them into effect, and to verify their execution. With a view to the adoption by the General Assembly of the necessary decisions to this end, the Soviet Government has put forward for consideration by the General Assembly the item entitled "The situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaratj.on on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples". What are the steps that need to be taken? I ... A/4889 English Page 15

The Soviet Government proposes, in the first place, that the General Assembly should proclaim 1962 to be tbe year of the final liquidetion of -colonialism. It is a wholly feasible t~sk to complete t he liquidation of the colonial system on a world-wide scale by the end of 1962 prov.i.ded all the freedom-loving States and peoples unite to ove:ccome the resistance of the colonialists. Setting a target date is not, howeve+, enough. The specific steps to be taken before t hat date in all eolonies, Trust Territories and otber Non-Self­ Governing Territories without exception in order to comply with the stipulations in the Declarat ion on the granting of Ulde~,nce to colonial countries and peoples must be clearly .and precisei, defined. With such a practical approach to tbe ~~e8tion of the implementation of the Declaration, it is obvious that the first requiremeµt, which is to be found already in the Declarat ion itself,.~ ,th~ t•tiate cessation of all colonialist wars and. all repressive measures against participarits in natimial-liberatioil movements, the withdrawal of all foreign troops from the colonies and the dismantling of all foreign banes there, It is the plain duty of the United Nations to demand that these measures should be carried into effect. As long as colonial wars continue, as long as colonial territories are occupied by colonialist troops, as long as the colonialists have milita~y bases there, it is pointless to talk of the liberation of the colonies; what i s more, none of the African, Acian or Latin American States which gained their independence in recent years can feel secure. The experience of the past year shows, however, beyond any shadow of doubt that it is not sufficient for the United Nations merely to call upon the colonialists to put an end to wars against the peoples of the colonies. The colonialists must know that if they do not comply with this request,they will be punished and that the sanctions provided for in the Charter of the United Nations will be applied to them with the full severity of i~ternational law. The Soviet Government believes that the General Assembly and the Security Council will be acting correctly if, already at this stage, they take a decision with regard to sanctions against Portugal which .is refusing to comply with the United Nations request to end the war against the Angolan people. / ... A/4889 English Page 16

In addition to calling for the immediate cessation of colonial wars and all other forms of pressure on the colonial peoples involving the use of force, the United Nations, in the Soviet Gove~nment's view, must compel the colonial Powers to take such steps in the colonies as would ensure the genuine transition of all colonies to independent statehood b~ the end of 1962 at the latest. The setting up of national organs of power in the colonies nrust, obviously, figure prominently among such measures, and the United Nations must demand that this task should be carried out unconditionally and everywhere, in all colonies and Trust and other Non-Self-Governing Territories in the months immediately ahead. The establishment of nationa'l organs of po~er .in the colonies is a serious and responsible matter, in which no reliance can, of course, be placed on the colonialists who, if they are forcedto agree to the establishment of national organs of power in the colonies, will try to instal their own henchmen and puppets in those organs. National organs of power must be established by the colonial peoples themselves. In order to enable them to do so, the United Nations must call for the immediate granting to the people of each colony of extensive democratic rights and freedoms, including universal suffrage, freedom of speech, of the P-ress and of assembly, freedom to establish their o,m national political parties, trade unions and other public organizations. Similarly, it is necessary to secure the immediate revocation in all colonial territories of all laws and regulations permitting discrimination on racial, religious or other grounds. In the matter both of the democratic rights of the indigenous inhabitants and of the cessation of wars against the peoples of the colonies, the United Nations must stand firm, for otherwise it will be unable to achieve any result. If, for instance, the Government of the Union of South Africa persists in its policy of racial discrimination and apartheid, the right course for the General Assembly would be to declare the Union of South Africa expelled from the United Nations, while the Security Council would apply to the Union the appropriate sanctions provided for in the Charter of the United Nations. That would serve as a lesson to all colonialists and racists. The cessation of colonial wars and measures of repression, the withdrawal of foreign troops from the colonies, the dismantling of foreign military bases, the granting of democratic rights and freedoms to the people of the colonies will / ... A/4889 English Page 17

create condj_tions for the holding of genuine clemocNJ.tic general elections to .national organs of power in the cource of 1962 in accordance with the only eguitableprinciple of "one man one vote". It is to these democratically elected organs that, by the end of 1962, the colonial authorities will have to transfer absolute power in the colonial territories about to become independent States. With the transfer of power and the l:ig:u.:;.daticu of the colonial adminii:;tration, the countries wbich are still colcl'lies tode..y wil.:). set foot on the road of indeuendence. It is, however, important to ei1.s~·e that this independence should not be fictitious and that the newly i.ade"l'.lfl¢llt 5t61i$a should not, either directly or indirectly, rcl!'ain the vassals pf tlle fm:nier metrO,politan countri~s. On this point, too, tbe United Nations w,;t express it.self clearly and forcefully and must demand the uncondHional re\/ , ~~ · ~ Mt •SJ'eements, including secret agreements, concluded with colonies and Trust Territories and designed to restrict t11e sovereignty of the future independent States. All instruments designed to ensure tbe union of colonies or Trust Territories with the administering countries, in whatever form, must also be unconditionally revokea.• No ways in which colonial territories might be seized and retained, including pretended union with the metropolitan territory, should be permittedo The United Nations could not and did not believe the Portuguese Goverrur.ent 1 s fraudulent assertions that Angola was part of Portugal. It must not :permit, for instance, the Pacific Islands or Okinawa to be proclaimed part of United States territory and, by means of that manoeuvre, to be kept for ever in a colonial status. Such are the minimum steps which, in the Soviet Government's opinion, the United Nations must request all the colonial Powers to put into effect in order to ensure the genuine implementation of t~e historic Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. The execution of all these steps must be brought under strict and unflagging United Nations control, since otherwise the colonialists will find thousands of loopholes and pretexts for evading their implementation. For this purpose the SoViet Government deems it indispensable to have a United Nations Commission established to supervise and control the progress achieved in the implementation / ... A/4889 English Page 18

of the DecJ.aration on the gr-anting of _independence to colonial countries and peoples in all colonial, Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories. So t hat the United Nations Commission should be able to deal with its responsible tasks successfully, all three main groups of States - the socialist States, the countries memhers of the Western military blocs and tne neutralist States - should be represented on it on a . basis of equality. Firmly convinced that the total and final liquidation of colonialism constitutes one of the most important and wgent problems of our day, whose solution is a matter of vital concern to all nations, the Soviet Government calls upon the Governments of all the States Members of the United Nations to support the Soviet Union's proposals concerning the steps for the implementation of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. PHILIPPINE MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

13 EAST 66TH STREET

The Philippine Mission to the United Nations its compliments to the Secretariat of the United Nati n ...... ······-,:·········:::::t.. r: ... 1 ..... -,. ,,, and has the honor to aclmowledge the receipt of its ndt?-- ~. of 6 March 1961: transmitting a copy of a note from the J, Delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to 7,e /j/ d the United Nations dated 27 February 1961, concerning the declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 196o. The note has been forwarded to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Manila, Philippines, together with the accompanying documents. The Philippine Mission to the United Nations extends to the Secretariat of the United Nations the renewed assurances of its highest eonsideration.

New York, N. Y. 11 April 1961 rn, fEO 1lA"flONS RECORDS cmn ROL

1961 APR 17

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The Philippine Miaeion to the United Nations pr,tents it co pllm.ents to the Secretariat of the United Nations and has the honor to aekn wled e the receipt of its note of 6 March 1961, transmitting a copy of note from. the Delegation ot the Union or oviet Socialist Republics to the United la.tione dated 27 February 1961, concerning the declaration on the nting of independence to colonial

countries and peoples adopted by the General osembly on ll. December 1960.

The note has been forwarded to the <:1eeretary of Foreign

At'tairs, nila., Philippines, together vi.th the accompanying doeuments. 'I'he Philippine Mission to the United Nationa extends to t.h• Secretariat of the United Nations the renewed assurances of its highest eonsideratioft.

New Iork, N. Y. 11 April 1961 UNITED NATIONS \,.~, z~ NATIONS UNIES ~~$ NEW YORK

CABLEA00~E ■ S • UNATIONS NEWYORK• A0RESSETELEGRAP H IQUE

F°ILE ND .: \

The enclosed translation of a conmrunication da ed 27 February 1961 addressed to the Secretariat of the United Nations s t 1'sm.1tted to the Permanent Missions of the States Members e United Nations at the request of the Permanent Representati the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the United Nations. translation of the letter

transmitted herewith. • • 6 March 1961

) Translated from Russian

DELEGATION OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS TO THE UNITED NATIONS

No. 75 27 February 1961

The Delegation of the USSR to the United Nations presents its compliments to the Secretariat of the United Nations and has the honour to communicate the following: In its letter of 30 December 1960 the Delegation requested that it should be informed of the steps already taken or contemplated by the United Nations Secretariat with a view to the publicizing of the Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1960, and in particular the mass publication of that Declaration and its dissemination as widely as possible in all countries, including the Non-Self-Governing 0 and Trust Territories. From the letter of the United Nations Secretariat dated 28 January 1961, sent in answer to the above-mentioned letter from the Delegation of the USSR to the United Nations, it is evident that in connexion with the General Assembly's Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples the United Nations Secretariat has limited itself to routine communications to the Press and radio issued only at the time when the question was being discussed at the Assembly session, and that actually no steps have been taken or even contemplated to bring the Declaration to the knowledge of the broad masses of the population in all countries, and first of all in the Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, to which the Declaration most directly relates. No one will deny that the Declaration, approved by the General Assembly, on the

The Secretariat, United Nations , New York. I .•. -2-

granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples has enormous historical significance, and it therefore goes without saying that a purely bur~aucratic approach to the question of its dissemination is entirely unacceptable. In this connexion it is clearly imperative that urgent measures be taken through the United Nations Secretariat to bring the content of the General Assembly's Declaration to the attention of the broadest masses of the population in all countries. For that purpose the publications, bulletins and pamphlets issued by the United Nations, Press releases and the United Nations Radio Services should be used. The Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples of 14 December 1960 should be published in the form of a separate pamphlet (as in the case of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and measures should be taken for the widest possible dissemination of that Declaration in all countries and particularly in the Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, through the United Nations information centres and other channels. As is known, the General Assembly has repeatedly adopted resolutions calling upon both the Administering States and the United Nations Secretariat to take measures for the broader dissemination of information on the United Nations among the populations of the Bon-Self-Governing and Trust Territories. That, for example, is the subject of resolution 1538 adopted at the fifteenth session of the General Assembly on 15 December 1960. There can be no question but that the Declaration of 14 December 1960, as the most important document adopted by the General Assembly with regard to the liquidation of colonialism, should be in the forefront of the material to be distributed to the Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories. Considering the importance of giving the widest possible publicity to the General Assembly's Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, and the fact that the General Assembly will, at its resumed fifteenth session, give special consideration to questions concerning the dissemination of information on the United Nations in the Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, the Delegation of the USSR to the United Nations deems it essential that the present letter should be / ... published as an official document of the General Assembly, and accordingly requests the Secretariat to take the necessary steps for its publication and circulation among all States Members of the United Nations. COPY UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

28 January 1961

Sir, I have the honour to refer to your letter of 30 December trans­ mitting the text of a statement of 27 December 196o by Mr. N. S. Khrushchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, concerning the Declaration of the United Nations General Assembly on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. This Statement has been circulated as an official document to all Members of the United Nations. I have asked the Office of Public Information to review the steps that have been taken with a view to the mass publication of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and peoples adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1960. I can inform you that the following steps have been taken: 1. The full text of the declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples was made available to press correspondents and to all UN Information Centres abroad in the roundup of the Assembly (Enclosure 1). 2. The full text of the resolution, together with an account of the debate, was published as the lead story in the January issue of the United Nations Review (Enclosure 2). 3. Press releases issued by OPI covered the Assembly debate on this subject through November and December (Enclosure 3). It will be noted that

His Excellency, Mr. V. Zorin, Permanent Representative of the USSR to the United Nations, 680 Park Avenue, New York 21, New York - 2 - the press releases, in addition to reporting statements by delegations, also carried the operative paragraphs of the resolution (GA/2007). 4. In addition, the United Nations Newsletter s in English, French and Spanish, which were distributed to correspondents and to all UN Information Centres abroad, carried reports on the debate or the declara­ tion in five different issues (Enclosure 4). 5. Radio and Television Services of the United Nations made equally prominent references to the debate on col onialism. For three consecutive weeks, the programme "This Week at the UN" drew attention to the debate and to the declaration (Enclosure 5). This weekly roundup programme is translated and broadcast in 26 languages. The Assembly debate was also covered daily in UN news broad­ casts in 21 languages. In addition, a spe~ial 15-minute programme on the colonialism issue was prepared in the weekly series "Perspective" and broadcast in several languages. Another programme in the same series, a roundup of the First Pa.rt of the Fifteenth Session, also featured the debate on colonialism. 6. In the field of television, the meetings were covered by UN-Tl/ and simul­ taneous kinescopes were supplied to American networks, La.tin American and European television networks - particularly to Paris and Brussels, and within the U.S. and Canada, incorporated in UN weekly review programmes to some 45 educational television stations. I am transmitting separately the enclosures referred to in the numbered paragraphs. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.

Dag Hammarskjold, Secretary-General ENGLISH

CORRBSPOND'!IICE SERVICE

AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN AUSTRALIA PHILIPPINES - AUSTRIA POLAND BRAZll. POR'IUGAL 1lJRMA SAUDI ARABIA BYELORUSSIAN SSR Saw.IA CAifADt\ SUDA.li CEYLON SWEJElf CHINA THAILAND CYPRUS UICRADtIAN SSR CZF.Clla3LOVAKIA UNION OF SruTH AFRICA IENMARK UNIOll-OP-SO\ffi:i-SOCIALIST REPUBLICS C ETHIOPIA UNITED KING~ FEDERATION OF MALAYA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FINLAID IEM!N GHANA YUG03LAVIA GREECE HUitlARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA NON•MEMBER STATF.S IRAQ IRELAND (FEIERAL REPUBLIC OF) ISRAEL ~KO (REPUBLIC OF) JAPAN MARINO JORDAN (BASREMITE) LIBERIA LIBYA NEPAL NE'lURIANI6 REW ZF.ALAND NIGERIA NORWAY .. UNITED NATIONS (8) NATIONS UNIES ~ NEW YORK

CA ■ LE ADORIE ■■ • U NATIONS NEWYCRK • ADRIE ■■ IE TELIECJRA~HIQUIE

FILE ND.: PO 200

La traduction ci-jointe d'une communication adress~e au Secretariat des Nations Unies est transmls aux Missions

permanentes des Etats Membres des Nations Unies ~ la demande du Representant permanent de l'Union des R~publiques socialistes sovi,tiques

aupres des Nations Unies. Une traduction de la lettre du Seeretaire g,n~ral mentionn~e dans la communic,,ation est aussi jointe .

• Le 6 mars 1961 DELEGATION DE L 'UNION DES REPUBLIQUES SCCIALISTES SOVIETIQUES AUPRES DES NATIONS UNIES

Traduit du russe 27 fevrier 1961

No 75

La delegation de 1 1URSS aupres de l'ONU presente ses compliments au Secretariat de l'ONU et a l'honneur de lui communiquer ce qui suit: Dans sa lettre du 30 decembre 1960, la delegation de l'URSS demandait a ~tre informee des mesures deja prises ou envisagees par le Secretariat de l'ONU pour faire connattre la Declaration sur l'octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux, adoptee par l'Assemblee generale le 14 decembre 1960, et nota:mment pour assurer la publication a fort tirage du texte de la Declaration et sa plus large diffusion possible dans tousles pays, y compris les territoires non autonomes et les Territoires sous tutelle. De la lettre du 28 janvier 1961, par laquelle le Secretariat de l'ONU a repondu a la lettre susmentionnee de la delegation de l'URSS aupres de 1 10NU, il ressort qu•en ce qui concerne la Declaration de 1 1Assemblee generale sur 1 1 octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux, le Secretariat de l'ONU s 1est contente d 1adresser a la presse et a la radio les communications habituelles, qui n'ont ete diffusees qu'au moment OU la question etait examinee par l'Assemblee, et qu'en fait il n•a pris ni :m$me envisage aucune mesure pour faire conna1tre la Declaration aux masses populaires de tous les pays, et avant tout a celles des territoires non autonomes et des Territoires sous tutelle, que la Declaration interesse le plus directemmt. Nul ne saurait nier que la Declaration adoptee par l'Assemblee generale sur 1 1octroi de l'independ.ance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux r ev@t une immense i mportance historique; 11 est done absolument inadmissible, eel.a va de soi, que la diffusion de ce texte soit entreprise d'une maniere purement bureaucratique. A cet egard, il est manifestement indispensable de prendre, par 11 intermediaire du Secretariat de 1 10NU, des mesures urgentes pour faire coD.Il81tre la teneur de la Declaration de 1 1Assemblee generale au plus grand nombre de personnes possible dans tous lee pays. A cette fin, 11 convient dtutiliser les publications, bulletins et - 2 -

brochures publies par l'ONU; il faut egalement se servir des communiques de presse et faire appel aux services de radiodiffusion de l ' 0NU. La Declaration du 14 decembre 1960 sur l'octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux doit 3tre publiee separement sous forine de brochure (comrne la Declaration universelle des droits de 1 1homme) et 11 faut prendre des mesm-es pour en assurer la plus large diffusion possible dans tous les pays et surtout dans les territoires non autonomes et dans les Territoires sous tutelle, notannnent par l'intermediaire des centres d'information de l'ONU. On sait que l'Assemblee generale a adopte a maintes reprises des resolutions invitant aussi oien les Etats ad.ministrants gue le Secretariat de l'ONU a prendre des mesures pour assurer une plus large diffusion, parmi les populations des territoires non autonomes et des Territoires sous tutelle, d 1 informations sur 1 1·0rganisation des Nations Unies. Temoin la resolution 1538 (XV) adoptee a la quinzieme session de l'Assemblee generale, le 15 decembre 196o. De toute evidence, la Declaration du 14 decembre 1960, texte capital adopte par 11Assemblee generale au sujet de 1•abolition du colonialisme, doit figurer en premiere place parmi les documents qui doivent @tre diffuses dans lea territoires non autonomes et dans les Territoires sous tutelle. Vu qu 1 il importe de donner la plus large publicite a la Declaration de 1 1Assemblee generale sur 1 1octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux et que l'Assemblee examiners tout specialement, lors de la reprise de sa quinzieme session, des questions concernant le diffusion d'informations sur 1 10NU dans les territoires non autonomes et dans les Territoires sous tutelle 1 la delegation de ltu'RSS aupres de 1 1 0NU estime indispensable que la presente lettre soit publiee en tant que document . official de l'Assemblee generale et elle demande en consequence au Secretariat de faire le necessaire pour que ce texte soit publie et .distribue a tousles Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Traduit de l'anglais Le 28 janvier 1961

Monsieur, J'ai l'honneur de me referer a votre lettre du 30 decembre par laquelle vous transioottiez le texte d'un expose fait le 27 decem.bre 196o par M. N. s. Khrouchtchev, President du Conseil des ministres de l'URSS, au sujet de la Declaration de l'Assemblee generale des Nations Unies sur l'octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux. Cet expose a ete distribue en tant que document officiel a tous les Membres des Nations Unies. J'ai prie le Service de l'information de faire le point des mesures prises en vue d'assurer la publication a fort tirage de la Declaration sur l'octroi de l'independance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux, adoptee par 1 1 Assem.blee generale le 14 decembre 196o. Je suis en mesure de vous dormer sur ce sujet les precisions suivantes l. Le texte integral de la Declaration sur l'octroi de l'independance aux pa.ys et aux peuples coloniaux a ete communique aux correspondants de presse et a tousles centres d'information des Nations Unies a l'etranger dans le resume des travaux de l'Assemblee (piece jointe No 1). 2. Le texte integral de la resolution, de m~me qu'un compte rendu du debat, a ete publie co:mme article de fond dans le numero de janvier de la Revue des Nations Unies (piece jointe No 2). 3. Les communiques de presse du Service de l' information ont rendu compte du deb at de l'Assemblee sur cette question pendant lea mois de novembre et de decembre (piece jointe No 3). Il convient de noter que les communiques de presse contiennent non seulement u.~ resume des exposes faits par les delegations, mais aussi le texte du dispositif de la resolution (GA/2007). l+. En outre, cinq nurr.eros distincts de la lettre hebdomadaire des Nations Unies, redigee en anglais, en franqa.is et en espagnol et distribuee aux correspondants et a tous les centres d'information des Nations Unies a l'etranger, ont rendu compte du debat ou de la Declaration (piece jointe No 4). 5. Les services de radiodiff'usion et de television de l'Organisation des Nations Unies :)nt egalement fait une large place au debat sur le colonialisme. Pendant trois semaines consecutives, l'e:nission intitulee "cette semaine aux Nations Unies" a appele l'attention sur le debat et sur la Declaration (piece jointe No 5).

Son Excellence Monsieur V. Zarin, Representant permanent de 1 1Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques aupres des Nations Unies 680 Park Avenue New York 21, New York Ce resume hebdomadaire est traduit et diffuse en 26 langues. On a egalement fait place au debat de l' Assemblee dans les bU:Uetins quotidiens de nouvelles que l' ONU diffuse en 21 la.ngues. De plus, un programme special de 15 minutes sur la question du colonialisme a ete prepare pour la serie d'emissions hebdomadaires "Perspective" et - diffuse en plusieurs langues. Dans un au·~re programme de cette m@me serie - un resume des travaux de la premiere partie de la q·.rl.nzieme session - on a egalement presente un. reportage sur le debat consacre au colonialisme. 6. Dans le domaine de la television, les seanees ont eta retransmises par les services de television de l'ONU et des enr:egistrements au kinescope ont ete fournis aux reseaux d'Amerique du Nord, d'Ameriqui~ latine et d'Europe - de Paris et de Bruxelles notamment; aux Etats-Unis et au Canad-'3., c-':!s enregistrements ont ete repris dans les programmes intitules United Nations Weekly Review qui sont destines a quelque 45 stations de television educative. Je vous fais parvenir, sous pli separe, les pieces jointes mentionnees dans les paragraphes numerotes. Veuillez agreer, M:>nsieur, les assurances de ma tres haute consideration.

Le Secretaire general S:i.gne i Deg HAMMARSKJOLD FRENCH CORRESPONDENCE SERVICE

~ MA.DAGA8CAR BET.GIUM MALI BJ~ - MOROCCO CAMBODIA lfIGER CA..\fF.ROON ROMA.IIA CEUTRAL AFRICAN ~BI.IC 9KBmAL CHAD TOOO CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) 'roNISIA COI«JO (LEOPOLDVILLE) TlJRKBt Dt\HCME'Y fftfll'.$D ARAB REPuBt:tC - 1''RANCE UPPER VOLTA GABON GUINEA HAITI ~ ITALY IVORY COAST IAOS LEBANON WXEMBOURG UNITED NATIONS {~,\Q7~J NATIONS UNIES ~ NEW YORK

CABLE AooqEss. UNATIONS NEWY □ RK. AORESSE TELEGRAPH I QUE

PO 200

La traducci6n ad.junta de una comu.ni.caci6n d.e fe ..... de 1961 dirigid.a a la. Secretaril!. de las Naciones Unide.

Socie.listas Sovi~ticas en las Naciones Uni s Adju.nta se enna una

traducc16n de la cart& del Secretario( Genere.1 mencionl!lda en la

comunicaci6n. • •

6 de ma.rzo de 1961 Traducido del ingl:s

28 de enero de 1961

Excelent!simo Senor:

Tengo el honor de referirme a la carta de V.E. de fecha 30 de diciembre con la cual adjunta el texto de una exposici6n formulada el 27 de diciembre de 196o por el Sr. N. S. Khrushchev, Presidente del Consejo de Ministros de la URSS, relativa a la Declaraci6n de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Uni¢1.as sobre la concesi6n de la independencia a los pa!ses y pueblos colonia­ les. Dicha exposici6n se ha distribuido, como documento oficial de las Naciones Unidas, entre todos los Miembros de la Or ganizaci6n. He pedido a los Servicios de Informaci6n Publica que indiquen las medidas adoptad.as con el prop6sito de divulgar entre las masas la Declaraci6n sobre la Concesi6n de la Independencia a los Pa!ses y Pueblos Coloniales aproba.d.a. por la Asamblea General el 14 de diciembre de 1960. Puedo poner en conocimiento de V.E. que se han ad.optado las medidas siguientes: 1. Durante la Asamblea se puso a disposici6n de los corresponsales de prensa y de todos los Centres de Informaci6n de las Naciones Unidas en el extranjero el texto complete de la Declaraci6n sobre la Concesi6n de la Independencia a los Pa!ses y Pueblos coloniales (anexo No. 1). 2. El texto complete de la resoluci6n, junto con una resefia del debate, fue publicad.o como informaci6n principal en el numero de enero de la Revista de las Naciones Unidas (anexo No. 2). 3. Desde noviembre a diciembre, los SIP publicaron comunicad.os de prensa en que se informa.ba sobre el debate mantenido por la Asamblea sobre esta cuesti6n (anexo No. 3). Hay que sefia.lar que esos comunicad.os de prensa conten!an, adenas de las intervenciones de los representantes, los _parrafos de la parte dispositiva de la resoluci6n (GA/2007 ).

Excmo. Sr. V. Zarin Representan~e Permanente de la URSS ante las Naciones Unidas, 68o Park Avenue, New York 21, New York -2-

4. Ademas, en cinco nwneros distintos del Noticiero Semanal de las Naciones Unidas, publicado en ingles, frances y espafiol y que se dis­ tribuye entre los corresponsales y en todos los Centros de Informacion de las Naciones Unidas en el extranjero, se publicaron reseiias del debate sobre la Declaracion (anexo No. 4). 5. Los servicios de radio y television de las Naciones Unidas hicieron tambien destacada referencia al debate sobre el colonialismo. Durante tres semanas consecutivas, el programa "This Week at the UN" sefialo a la atenci6n el debate y la Declaraci6n (anexo No. 5). Este programa semanal se traduce y transmite por radio en 26 idiomas. Del debate de la Asamblea trataron tambien diariamente los noticiarios radia­ dos de las Naciones Unidas, 0.ue L~, ~ dan en 21 idioma.:, . Ademas, se prepare un programa especial de 15 ~iautos, que se difu.ndio por radio en varios idiomas, en la serie semanal nPerspective". En otro programs de la misma serie, en el que se bac!a un resumen de la primers parte del decimoquinto periodo de sesiones, figuraba tambien el debate sobre el colonialismo. 6. En television, la UN-TV informo sobre las sesiones, y se propor­ cionaron cinematoscopias simultaneas a las cadenas de emisoras de America del Norte, ~rica del Sur y Europa, especialmente a las de Paris y Bruselas. En Estados Unidos y Canada, la informacion form6 parte de un programa semanal sobre las Naciones Unidas que se transmite a unas 45 estaciones de television educativa. Por separado, remito a V.E. los documentos anexos mencionados en los parrafos nunierados. Ruego a V.E. acepte la expresi6n de mi consideraci6n iru!s distinguida.

El Secretario General Dag Hammarskjold DELmACION DE LA UNION DE REPUBLICAS Traducido del ruso SOCIALISTAS SOVIETICAS EN LAS NACIONES UNIDAS

No. 75 27 de febrero de 1961

la delegaci6n de la Uni6n de Republicas Socialistas Sovi~ticas ante las Naciones Unidas saluda atentamente a la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas y tiene el honor de comunicarle lo siguiente: Por su carta del 30 de diciembre de 1960, la deleguci6n hab!a solicitado que se le informara sobre las medidas ya tomadas o previstas por la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas con el objeto de dar publicidad a la Declaraci6n sobre la concesi6n de la independencia a los paises y pueblos coloniales, aprobada por la Asamblea General el 14 de diciembre de 196o, yen particular sobre la publicaci6n en masa de esa Declaraci6n y su mayor difusi6n posible en todos los pa!ses, incluidos los territorios no aut6nomos y los territories en fideicomiso.

~ la carta que la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas envi6 en 28 de enero de 1961 como respuesta a la citada carta de la delegaci6n de la URSS ante las Naciones Unidas, resulta evidente queen relaci6n con la Declaraci6n de la Asamblea General sobre la concesion de la independencia a los paises y pueblos coloniales, la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas se ha limitado a comunicaciones de rutina a la prensa y la radio; hechas solamente en mementos en que la Asamblea General estaba examinando el tema, y queen realidad nose ha.n tome.do, ni siquiera previsto medidas, para llevar la Declaraci6n a conocimiento de las poblaciones de todos los pa!ses, yen primer lugar de todos los territories no aut6nomos yen fideicomiso, a los cu.ales la Declaraci6n se refiere mas directamente. Nadie ha de negar que la Declaraci6n aprobada por la Asamblea General sobre la concesi6n de la independencia a los pa!ses y los pueblos coloniales tiene tremenda importancia hist6rica y, por ende, es'b! de ms decir que una forma puramente burocr~tica de encarar el problems. de su difusi6n es totalmente inaceptable. A este respecto resulta claramente imperativo que la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas adopte urgentemente medidas para poner en conocimiento de las grandes masas de poblaci6n de todos los pa!ses el contenido de la Declaraci6n de

/ ... t -2-

la Asamblea General. Con ese fin debiera utilizarse las publicaciones, los boletines, los folletos publicados por las Naciones Unidas, los comunicados de prensa y los servicios de radio de la Organizaci6n. La Declaraci6n sobre la concesi6n de la independencia a los pa!ses y los pueblos coloniales debiera publicarse como folleto separado (como se ha hecho con la Declaraci6n UniTersal de Derechos Humanos) y debieran tomarse medidas para la mayor difusi6n posible de esa Declaraci6n en todos los pa!ses y especialmente en los territories no aut6nomos yen fideicomiso por intermedio de los centres de informaci6n de las Naciones Unidas y otros conductos. Como se sabe, en muchas ocasiones la Asamblea General ha aprobado resolucione: par las que pide, tanto a las Potencias Administradoras, como a la Secretar!a de las Naciones Unidas, que adopten medidas para una mayor difusi6n de la informa­ c16n referente a las Naciones Unidas entre las poblaciones de las territories no aut6nomos yen fideicomiso. Tales, por ejemplo, el tema de la resoluci6n 1538 aprobada en el decimoquinto per!odo de sesiones de la Asamblea General el 15 de diciembre de 1960. Es indud.able que la Declaraci6n del 14 de diciembre de 1960, por tratarse del documento mi!s importante que haya aprobado la Asamblea General con respecto a la supresi6n del colonialismo, debe estar a la vanguardia del material que ha de distribuirse en los territories no aut6nomos yen fideicomiso. Considerando la importancia de dar la mayor difusi6n posible a la Declaraci6n de la Asamblea General para la concesi6n de la independencia a pa!ses y pueblos coloniales y teniendo en cuenta que la Asa.mblea General ha de examinar especial­ mente, en la segunda parte de su decimoquinto per!odo de sesiones, las cuestiones relativas a la difusi6n de informaci6n de las Naciones Un1da3 en los territories no aut6nomos yen fideicomiso, la delegaci6n de la URSS ante las Naciones Unidas considera esencial que esta cart.a sea publicada como_documento oficial de la Asamblea General y, en consecuencia, pide a la Secretaria que adopte las medidas necesarias para su publicaci6n y su distribuc16n entre todos los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas. CORRESPONDENCE SERVICE

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

CHrLE

COLCJ.mIA

COSTA RICA

CUBA ECUAOOR

EL SAL VAIXE GUATEMALA HONOORAS MEXICO

NICARAClJA

PANAMA

PARAClJAY

PERU

REPUBLIC.A. OOMINICANA

URUGUAY

SPAIN

VENmJELA ...

an

o. 75

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I 28 January 1961

Sir, I have th honour t o refer to 7our letter et 30 Decembel" trans­ mitting the text of a st t ent ot 27 December 196o by ~ • N. s. Khrushohev, Chairman of the Council of inistera of the USS , oonoerning the Declar tion of the United Nations General Assembl7 on the granting or independence to colonia.loountriesa.nd peoples. - This S~tement has been eireulated as an offici~ docuiiient- to all Member of the United Nations. I have asked the Office or ublic Information to revi th steps that ha.ve been taken tdth a 'fiev to the mass publication of the eola.rat1on on the Or nting of Independence to Colonial Countries and peoples adopted by the General Assembly on 14 Dec her 1960. I can infor 7ou that the following steps have been taken, l . The full text ot the declaration on the granting ot independence - to colonial countri sand peoples wao m de available to pNas correspondents and to all UN Information Centres abroad in the roundup or the saembly (Fnolosure 1). 2. the tu.ll text of the resolut.ion.t together with an account of the debate, we published as the lead etory in the January issue of the United lationa Review (Enclosure 2). J. reaa rele ses issued by OPI covered the Assembly debate on this subject through November and Dec ber (:Enclosure 3). It will be noted that

Hia ExceUenc7, • V. Zorin.t Permanent Representative of the USS to the United at.ions, 680 Park A:Hnue, New York 21., ew York . ~ rtl ' \ . t.., ' . •- • • • • • • •• • J ' oP ·~' " . " • ., • ;., :,.,.,,·· ,,, t • • # • • • ~ • •• w • • ' •'4t • f' •. ~:. •• j ~ • • • • • @ ·• • • •· ~1 "' - .. .. ' • ) •• • • • •

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D. Adon C-:,mpleted, 0-Ac: · :,v<, 1~ ;:.ged ~ n -: ._;;: .i.Jn Required IN l'l"' ~- ·~S ..___..•~ i-... ,LP & - ':;7;e ✓ / r) Th• Philippiae Missioa to the United Natioas presents its coapliaeats to the Secretary-General and has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of his note of 4 January 1961, transaitting a ooaaunication dated 30 Deceaber 1960 fro• the Peraanent Representative er the Soviet Uaio•, together with the text of a stateae•t of the Chairaan of the Cou•eil of Ministers of the USSR concerning the Uaited Nations Declaration on the granting or independence to colonial countries and peoples. The Philippine Mission to the United Nations avails itself of this opportunity to renew the assurances or its highest consideration.

New York City, 24 January 1961 }J i hi ippin ! 1 s1on t.o ts tiona p 00 i~ n.tr · n ;jeer- t11,1"y- en~ il and

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·e Yor - City, 24 Januar7 1961