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smen " United Nations 1028th ,PLENARY'MEmNG on to GENERAL )riate ASSEMBLY ,'Friday, 6' Ortfobe:t"1961, at 1Q.30 a.rn. ch): I SIXTEENTH SESSION , who Official Records .N,.W. YORK from :arian CONTENTS established. Such events, demonstrated by the aggres­ and~speci~lly other Page sive policies'pursuedby certainPowers, taken the imperialists, include the augmentation of the war ,p,uted cruelty in Algeria and'the failure of the negotiations, lware Agenda item 9: the persistent suppression of the people of Oman, the , ma- General debate (oonti.'Jued) ,continuation of conflict in' the Congo, the ,lawless tries, Speeoh by Mr. Jawa.d (Iraq) ••••••••• •• 285 terror carried on by the Portuguese ,.in Angola, the 19aria Speeoh by Mr. Kiselev (Byelorussian, Soviet rising tension in Laos, the invasion of Cuba, the Sooialist Republio). ••••••••••••• •• 290, French attack on Bizerta, the 'l~erlincrisis, the re­ Sp~eoh by Mr. Mokaddem (Tunisia) ',' •• •• 297 sumption of nuclear tests, the J8ritish threat to Iraq, ;ethe Statement by the representative ofthe United and ~he stepping up of the a~ms :£'Ci:oe. lS for Kingdom• •••'. ••••• •• ••••••••• •• 301 , 'eece, Statement by the representative ofIran. •• 302 5. These problems, althoughvariedincharacter, have lnsula a common denominator manifested iJ:.l the 'increase of ~h~ n this President: Mr. Mongi SLIM (Tunisia). aggressiveness of the imperialist Power,s. Lde of 6. The tensions which have risen inmany parts of the serve world emanate from conflicts ofpoliticalandeconomic art of A.GENDA. ITEM9 interests betweenthe colonial Powers and the peoples of former colonies, and as a' result of the endeavours )y the General debate (continued) of these imperialist Powers to maintain the privileged of more 1. Mr. JAWAD (Iraq): May 1 first extend to Mr. positions by force, violence and deceit. Some the cerns Mongi Slim my oongratulaUonson his election to the tensions, however, were the resultofthe lackof mutual ently, trust and understandiJ:.lg among nations, and inparticu- presidency of the sixteenth session of the General lar between the two great bloos. ' ment, Assembly. It is a source of great joy and pride for erally us that the distinguished representative of a sister 7. Let us take for example'the questions ofdisarma- ircles Arab country should be chosen for this high office. ment and Germany. " ily be It is a tribute not only to his personal qualities, but in my also to his country and people and to the great con- 8. During the fifteenth session of the Genei'a1Assell'1'" tinent of Africa. ' . bly, Mr. Nikita Khrushchev, Prime M~!lister of the Soviet Union, submitted a proposal f-"r general;and In this 2. The fifteenth session of the Ge'neral Assembly met complete disarmament [869th plenary meeting]. ,ch we in an atmosphere of international tension and crisis. eal to The leaders of many countries attendedthat sessionin 9. Although the question of disarmamenthasnotsince those the hope of finding ways, to ease international tension. moved a stepforward, nevertheless, theSovietproposal ~eece, .However, during the months whichfollowed the closing has gained wide support, and has had an impact upon lr re'" world public opinion,especially'by directing attention of the fifteenth session we witnessed a considerable to this key problem of the present era." . lained deterioratiofi in the international situation, and the ten­ avoid sion between East and West became even greater. The 10. In the period of the c61dwar, the arms race has, erest, six.teenth session is therefore meeting at a time when grown to' a dangerous point, leading to greater com­ t calm the international crisis exceeds 'in dimensionanypre­ plica.tions in internationa1relatiolls. The legacy oUhe vious post-war crisis, and this' may lead the whole Second World War, the problems inherited from the world to a catastrophe uuprecedentedinman's history. inter-war period,and those created by new national The tragic death' of Secretary-General Dag Ham­ and revolutionary changes in the world, are being marskjold added and element of uncertaintyto a situa­ viewed by the big Powers from the angle of power tion already fraught with great dangers. politics whose,only effective instrument is war. 3. The present world situation is too dangerous to be, 11. In such an international atmosphere, no progress a.llowed to continue. It is therefore the highest duty in disarmament talks was made, primarily because of of all peace-loving nations to stand firm and resolute the lack of agreement on principles between the big in their endeavour to arrest the perilous drifttowards Powers. Now that the two big Powers, the United armed conflict. The problems underlying the present States and the So'viet Union, have issued their Joint crisis are everyone's responsibilitY. They are notthe Statement of Agreed Principles for Disarmament sole Concern of, the big'Powers. The nature of total Negotiations [A/4879], agreement on principles has warD with the big Powers in possession of armaments been achieved, to everyone's gratification. It is hoped of a destructive strength hitherto unknown, has nlade that negotiations will begin soou in an atmosphere of the to~al annihilation of humanity a distinctpossibility. realism and mutual trust. The confidence of the world 4. During the last, few months, grave event have has been strengthened in the success of the coming followed each other, disturbing and complicating the negotiations, as the principles included in the joint. international situation and revealing the shaky founda­ Statement coincide with a number of pOints con­ tions Upon which the present world order has been tained in the draft resQlution'sponsored last year. 12-2,175 •. ~? .,, 285 A/PV.1028 /' i; 1028th meetinQ' - GOctober 19B1 297 S6 by' a number of non-aligned oountries inoluding 16. The Belgrade Conference markedanew departure \\ ---- Iraq.!! The speeohes of President Kennedy [1013th in the position of the non-aligned countries, as well aCo plenarymeet:i.ng] and of Mr. Gromyko [1016th plenary as a ilew development 'in world politics. The motives dev meeting) oontain elements of' a new approaoh, and for convening such a conference stem frv...(). two Bel in partioular the aohieV'ement of oomplete and total historical facts: first, as members of the world e'om­ disarmament by stages, none of whioh would up­ munity and being subject to the forces gov~rning . 20. set the balanoe of power to the detriment of one international relations, it has become inoumbeat upon ad State or group of. Statl3s! In addition~. the proposal the non-aligned countrles to play their part in the to of the Soviet Union regarding the.participationof some direction of these forces and the reorientation of the ant non-aligned countries in the negotiations represents an policies shaping relaUons among nations. The world is of 1 approach in conformity with the present conditions in no longer governed by the big Powers, and therefore it has the world. It is inevitable to recognize~ in the present is the right and duty ofthe non-alignednations to inter­ Afl relations between the two blocs, the tendency to be vene effectively in world affairs, particularly with int influenced by certain groups with vested interests in regard to those policies of the great Powers which bel the arms race,., Thus the participationofthe non-aligned affect the present and future destiny of the rest of the in countries, which have neither been involved in the world. The second reason for convening the Belgrade eSI arms race nor directly engaged in disarmament Conference is that the point of view ofthe non-aligned is negotiations, can only have a salutary effect. countries reflects that of the great majority of the sie world's population who desire to live infreedom, peace 12. Improvement in the international situation pri­ and justice. marily depends upon the solution of the disarmament 21 question, including the cessation ofnucleartests. This 17. The power politics of the big Powers, which thE is because disarmament is not an isolated problem; threaten civilization with total destruction, leave no po it is a component part of the sum total of present-day alternative for the small and non-aligned States but si1 international issues having direct bearing upon the to m.ove forward towards the creation of the basis of ex world situation~ It should not, therefore, be treated in an effective international community. The Belgrade co isolation from other international pl'oblems and the Powers were not, however, ti1.otivated by any narrow su g~1J.eral state of international relations. or egoistic objectives, but by realistic and humane is considerations. The identity of their interests inpeace of 13. Now I would like to say a word about the German and progress has greatly contributedto the evolvement is question. The re,cent crisis over Berlin has shown of a line of approach for a settlement of world prob­ 01 only too clearly the risks involved in continuing the lems conforming to the essential needs and exigencies tr arms race. Crises of this sort might therefore lead of the present state in world history. be to world conflict if no attempt is made to solve out­ th 18. That is why the Belgrade Conference showed that It standing differences and to work out plans for dis­ the world does not need a third bloc; on the contrary, armament and the abolition of war. The German NI it needs, above all, the narrowing ofthe gap between r~ question is one of the problems which should be the existing power blocs through peaceful means. The co'Usidered in the context of disarmament and the Conference also showed that the motives of the non­ 2~ security of Central and Eastern European States. aligned countr!es are entirely different from those The unsettled situation of Germany has greatly con­ pc th~ which led to the creation of the two camps.

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