DOCSLIB.ORG

Planned to Technical Visits to Extraordinary Italian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Planned to Technical Visits to Extraordinary Italian PLANNED TO TECHNICAL VISITS TO 15 EXTRAORDINARY ITALIAN WATER LANDSCAPES IO M ON ON IM D R IA T L A E P • • W L O A I R D L D N H O E M R I E T IN AG O E • PATRIM Organizzazione Assisi, Basilica di San Francesco Historic Centre of Florence delle Nazioni Unite e altri luoghi francescani inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1982 per l’Educazione, iscritti nella Lista del patrimonio la Scienza e la Cultura mondiale nel 2000 SIGNED Dario Nardella Major of Firenze Stefania Proietti Major of Assisi Frate Antonello Fanelli Delegato per Ecumenismo Dialogo Integrità del Creato Filippo M. Soccodato FirenzeAssisi2024 Promoting Committe Chair of Advisory Board COMITATO ITALIA FIRENZE-ASSISI 2024 Francesca Greco Political Concept International Water Policy Expert Endro Martini Head Promoting Committe Alta Scuola President TECHNICAL VISIT TECHNICAL VISITS PRE DURING AND AFTER FORUM TRAVELS PROPOSED IN THE GREAT BEAUTY OF ITALIAN WATER LANDSCAPES During the period of the Forum and in the days pre / post forum a specialized team of travel agencies will organize a series of technical visits to a number of places characterized by the presence of both natural and artificial “water” sceneries that testify the history and the great beauty of Italian water land- scapes. Participants will be accompanied by one or more technicians. Each technical visit will be presented in detail in the final program and must be booked in advance. FIRENZE ASSISI ROMA PRE DURING AND POST FORUM 1- VENEZIA e il MOSE Venice is located in the North East of Italy, in the middle of the Venetian La- goon at the end of the Adriatic Sea. Venice, called Venezia in Italy, is entirely surrounded by salt water and run through by canals. With its gondolas, ca- nals, fantastic restaurants and unforgettable romantic atmosphere, Venice is definitely a city not to be missed. Venice is famous in the world as well as for being a floating city on the water also for the phenomena of “high water” that submerges it up to over one meter in height. It will be possible to visit, accompanied by the technicians who made it, the MO.S.E. o Mose (electromechanical experimental module) a civil, environmen- tal and hydraulic engineering work aimed at defending the city of Venice and its lagoon from the dangers associated with the phenomenon of high waters. ph. C. Goretti ph. C. Goretti ph. C. Goretti 2- DELTA DEL PO The Po delta is the set of fluvial branches that allow the river Po to flow into the northern Adriatic Sea after its course which starts from Monviso and crosses the entire Po Valley. The recent hydraulic structure is also a consequence of the Ferrara earthquake in 1570 and the cut of Porto Viro, a large hydraulic work carried out by the Republic of Venice in 1604. It consists of all the river branches and, by extension, the territory among them. Its surface is about 18,000 hectares. According to this definition, the Po delta falls entirely within the province of Rovigo or Polesine and occupies an enormous portion of it, the eastern one (from the incile of the Po di Goro to the sea) and represents an example of “active delta”. In a broad sense it embraces the largest area of the historical delta, the one between the ancient delta branches of the Po. In the past there were important southern branches of the watercourse, such as the Po di Volano and the Po di Ferrara or Po di Primaro, and this allows us to consider the cusp-shaped part of the province of Ferrara between the vertices of Stellata, Sacca di Goro and Valli di Comacchio as the territory of the delta. The recent hydraulic structure of the Po delta supports the more restrictive definition set out above, even if the coastal parts of the Province of Ferrara, in particular that between the mouth of the Po di Goro and the Lido di Volano and the part including the Comacchio Valleys , they retain a typically delta- marshy landscape aspect. The Po delta was included in 1999 among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Italy as an extension of the recognition conferred on the city of Ferrara in 1995. The Po Delta is classified as a Biosphere Reserve (MAB), a terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystem in which, through appropriate land management, the enhancement of the ecosystem and its biodiversity is combined with sustainable development strategies. 3- MILANO (floats an the Navigli) he Navigli of Milan are a system of irrigation and navigable canals, with the Lombard city of Milan as a center of gravity, which connected Lake Maggiore, Como and the lower Ticino, opening the waterways of Switzerland and the Lombard capital. Northwestern Europe, the Canton of Grisons and northeastern Europe and, finally, that of the Po towards the Adriatic Sea. With the regular water regime of the Navigli, vast areas were irrigated and made productive, connecting with the reclamation work begun by the monks of the abbeys south of the city already in the 10th century. The construction of the entire system lasted from the 12th to the 19th century. The Cerchia dei Navigli (also known as Naviglio Interno, Fossa Interna or Cerchia Interna) represented the Milanese “hinge” that allowed the system to function as a whole. 4- ISCHIA (The Termal Water) Located at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples and not far from the islands of Procida and Vivara, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, it is the largest of the Flegrean islands and an important destination for international tourism. The thermal waters of the island of Ischia are well known and used since ancient times. Its volcanic nature makes Ischia one of the largest spas in Europe. Ischia’s thermal waters are alkaline. The Greeks used the thermal waters to restore the spirit and the body and as a remedy for the healing of the after-effects of war wounds (in the pre-antibiotic era) attributing supernatural powers to the waters and vapors that gushed from the earth; it is no coincidence that temples dedicated to divinities such as that of Apollo in Delphi rose in every spa town. The Romans exalted them as an instrument of care and relaxation through the construction of public Thermae and they used the numerous springs of the island surely and profitably. Spas and thermalism actively resume talking in the Renaissance and a decisive impulse to modern thermal medicine was given by Giulio Iasolino, a Calabrian doctor, professor at the University of Naples, who towards the end of the sixteenth century, fascinated by the climate and phenomena of secondary volcanism (fumaroles and thermal waters), sensing the therapeutic potential of the thermal medium, carried out a meticulous census of the springs of the island (for the first time the hydrogeological wealth of the island territory appears), identified the composition of the waters and carried out detailed observation about the effects of the same on numerous pathologies that afflicted his contemporaries (in describing the Source of Castiglione, one of the most famous of the time, Iasolino expressed all his enthusiasm for the thermal waters: “Every day we see operations and virtues of this water so wonderful and stupendous that you really have to believe it is given by heaven for the health of u omini“). With the publication of the treatise “De ‘Natural Remedies that are on the Island of Pithecusa; now known as Ischia” Iasolino freed the thermal waters of Ischia from that magical aura that had conditioned its use until then. After the experiences of Iasolino, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, considering that many healings were obtained with the use of thermal baths and that the treatments in Ischia, quite expensive, could afford only nobles and wealthy bourgeois, a group of noble Neapolitan philanthropists built in the municipality of Casamicciola the “Pio Monte della Misericordia”, “spa (for the time) largest in Europe”, to allow even those who did not have adequate economic possibilities to enjoy the therapeutic qualities of the local thermal waters. From the seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth century, numerous establishments and accommodation facilities were built near the most renowned thermal springs that made the island of Ischia a renowned international health resort and residence where personalities came to treat diseases of the body, and not only famous as Giuseppe Garibaldi, after the battle of Aspromonte, Camillo Benso count of Cavour, Arturo Toscanini. Since the sixties, thanks to Angelo Rizzoli, the island of Ischia and its thermal waters have opened up to large tourist flows, with a specific scientific research activity on thermalism. 5-TORINO - Aosta - ALPI, Mont Blanc - Glaciers Mont Blanc (Mont Blanc in French and in Arpitan) is the highest mountain in the Alps, Italy, France, with its 4,808.72 m of altitude (last official measurement on 13 September 2017), and according to some conventions, of Europe, hence the nickname, sometimes used, of King of the Alps, sharing together with Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus a place among the so-called Seven Peaks of the Planet. Located in the North-Western Alps sector, along the Alpine section of the Graian Alps, on the watershed line between Valle d’Aosta (Val Veny and Val Ferret in Italy) and Haute-Savoie (Arve Valley in France), in the municipal areas of Courmayeure Chamonix, gives its name to the massif of the same name, belonging to the subsection of the Mont Blanc Alps. Mainly of granite nature, bristling with spiers and ridges, carved by deep valleys in which numerous glaciers flow, it is considered a mountain of great appeal for international mountaineering [6] and, from the point of view of mountaineering historiography, the birth of mountaineering itself coincides with the date of his first ascent: 8 August 1786.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of contents Proposed name of the Biosphere Reserve ........................................................................................... 3 Country ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Fulfilment of the three functions of biosphere reserves ..................................................................... 3 Criteria for designation as a Biosphere Reserve .................................................................................. 6 Endorsements .................................................................................................................................... 21 Location (coordinates and maps) ....................................................................................................... 21 Area .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Biogeographical region ...................................................................................................................... 24 Land use history ................................................................................................................................. 25 Human population of proposed Biosphere Reserve .......................................................................... 28 Physical characteristics ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study Skyway Mont Blanc, Courmayeur (IT)
    Skyway Mont Blanc Case study Skyway Mont Blanc, Courmayeur (IT) Client: Funivie Monte Bianco AG, Courmayeur (IT) Architect: STUDIO PROGETTI Architect Carlo Cillara Rossi, Genua (IT) General contractor: Doppelmayr Italia GmbH, Lana Project completion: 2015 Products: FalZinc®, foldable Aluminium with a pre-weathered zinc surface Skyway Mont Blanc Mont Blanc, or ‘Monte Bianco’ in Italian, is situated between France and Italy and stands proud within The Graian Alps mountain range. Truly captivating, this majestic ‘White Mountain’ reaches 4,810 metres in height making it the highest peak in Europe. Mont Blanc has been casting a spell over people for hundreds of years with the first courageous mountaineers attempting to climb and conquer her as early as 1740. Today, cable cars can take you almost all of the way to the summit and Skyway Mont Blanc provides the latest and most innovative means of transport. Located above the village of Courmayeur in the independent region of Valle d‘Aosta in the Italian Alps Skyway Mont Blanc is as equally futuristic looking as the name suggests. Stunning architectural design combined with the unique flexibility and understated elegance of the application of FalZinc® foldable aluminium from Kalzip® harmonises and brings this design to reality. Fassade und Dach harmonieren in Aluminium Projekt der Superlative commences at the Pontal d‘Entrèves valley Skyway Mont Blanc was officially opened mid- station at 1,300 metres above sea level. From cabins have panoramic glazing and rotate 2015, after taking some five years to construct. here visitors are further transported up to 360° degrees whilst travelling and with a The project was developed, designed and 2,200 metres to the second station, Mont speed of 9 metres per second the cable car constructed by South Tyrolean company Fréty Pavilion, and then again to reach, to the journey takes just 19 minutes from start to Doppelmayr Italia GmbH and is operated highest station of Punta Helbronner at 3,500 finish.
    [Show full text]
  • The Waterway of Ferrara in the European Core Network
    THE WATERWAY OF FERRARA IN THE EUROPEAN CORE NETWORK Waterways to connect Europe In October 2011, the European THEIL SISTEMAWATERWAY Commission submitted an OF FERRARA amendment proposal for the IDROVIARIO regulations governing the trans- PROJECT AS PART European transport networks PADANO-VENETOOF THE EUROPEAN (TEN-T) to the European Parliament and Council. CORE NETWORK The proposal entailed two distinct parts: Guidelines for the development of the Trans- European Transport Network and Connecting Europe Facility. In December 2013 both proposals were approved and published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The program is being developed on two levels, with the goal of improving the planning of new TEN-T networks: • A global, Comprehensive network to be completed by 2050 and intend- ed to supply the central network via regional and national connections. • A central, Core network composed of 9 corridors, to be completed and operational by 2030. It will serve the most important connections and hubs within the TEN-T network: capitals, large urban hubs, the main harbours and airports. It will be at the heart of the TEN-T network, as it will contain the areas of the global network with the highest strategic value. These are key elements paramount to achieving the general goals of the project, as well as added-value goals for the EU, such as establishing missing transborder connections, multimodal nodes, and eliminating the main bottlenecks. Within the current revision of the TEN-T network, the entire “Padano-Veneto waterway system” is part of the “Core network”. All funding is provided for studies or con- struction work contributing to the project’s global objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • 131218 - OGS.Atti.32 Vol.3.27.Indd 175 04/11/13 10.39 GNGTS 2013 Sessione 3.3
    GNGTS 2013 SES S IONE 3.3 MaRINE GEOLOGICAL MappING OF THE CaMpaNIA REGION at THE 1:10,000 SCALE: THE EXAMPLE OF THE GEOLOGICAL Map N. 465 “ISOLA DI PROCIDA” (NapLES BaY, SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA, ItaLY) G.Aiello Institute of Marine Environmental and Coastal Area (IAMC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy Introduction. Marine geological mapping of the Campania Region at the 1:10.000 scale is herein presented, focussing, in particular, on the geological map n. 465 “Isola di Procida” (Ispra, 2011). The geological map n. 465 “Isola di Procida” covers the Naples Bay from the Sorrento Peninsula up to the Procida island. In this geological map a total amount of 622 km2 of surface about 10 km2 are represented by emerged areas and 612 km2 by marine areas. The bathymetric belt 0/200 extends for 378 km2 and represents about the 60.8% of the total surface of the map. Sidescan sonar data have been calibrated by numerous sea bottom samples. The geological structures overlying the outcrop of acoustic basement, both carbonate (in correspondence to the Sorrento Peninsula) and volcanic (in correspondence to the Phlegrean Fields) have been investigated using Subbottom Chirp, Sparker and Watergun profiles. The interpretation of seismic data lends support for the reconstruction of the stratigraphic and structural setting of Quaternary continental shelf and slope successions and correlation to outcrops of acoustic basement, Mesozoic carbonate in the Sorrento Peninsula structural high and Quaternary volcanic in the Phlegrean Fields and Procida island. These areas result from the seaward prolongation of the stratigraphic and structural units widely cropping out in the surrounding emerged sector of the Sorrento Peninsula (Cinque et al., 1997), Naples town, Phlegrean Fields and Procida island (Scarpati et al., 1993; Perrotta et al., 2010; Ispra, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphological Evolution of Phlegrean Volcanic Islands Near Naples, Southern Italy1
    Berlin .Stuttgart Geomorphological evolution of Phlegrean volcanic islands near Naples, southern Italy1 by G.AIELLO, D.BARRA, T.DE PIPPO, C.DONADIO, and C.PETROSINO with 9 figures and 5 tables Summary. Using volcanological, morphological, palaeoecological and geoarchaeological data we reconstructed the complex evolution of the island volcanic system of Procida-Vivara, situated west of Naples betweenthe lsland of lschia and the PhlegreanFields, far the last 75 ky. Late Pleistocenemorphological evolution was chiefly controlled by a seriesof pyroclas­ tic eruptions that resulted in at least eight volcanic edifices, mainly under water. Probably the eruptive centresshifted progressively clockwise until about 18 ky BP when volcanic develop­ ment on the islands ceased. The presenceof stretches of marine terraces and traces of wave cut notches, both be­ low and abovè'current sea levels, the finding of exposed infralittoral rnicrofossils, and the identification of three palaeo-surfacesburied by palaeosoilsindicates at least three differen­ tial uplift phases.These phases interacted with postglacial eustaticfIuctuations, and were sep­ arated by at least two periods of generai stability in vertical movements. A final phase of ground stability, characterisedby the deposition of Phlegrean and lschia pyroclastics, start­ ed in the middle Holocene. Finally, fIattened surfacesand a sandy tombolo developedup to the present-day. Recent archaeological surveys and soil-borings at Procida confirm the presence of a lagoon followed by marshland at the back of a sandy tombolo that were formed after the last uplift between the Graeco-Roman periodandthe15di_16dicentury. These areaswere gradu­ ally filled with marine and continental sedimentsup to the 20di century. ' Finally, our investigation showed that the volcanic sector of Procida-Vivara in the late Pleistocene-Holocenewas affected by vertical displacementswhich were independent of and less marked than the concurrent movement in the adjacent sectors of lschia and of the Phle­ grean Fields.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of Alien Marine Species of the Ischia Island (Gulf of Naples)
    AN ANNOTATED LIST OF ALIEN MARINE SPECIES OF THE ISCHIA ISLAND (GULF OF NAPLES) This contribution was presented as a poster at the BioMarine Workshop “Management of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea - a way forward”, held on the island of Ischia on 4-5 May 2016, with the aim of updating the information and providing the workshop’s participants with a list of the alien taxa that have been recorded in the area hosting the meeting. The island of Ischia, and the nearby islands of Procida and Vivara (Phlaegrean islands), are located on the northern side of the Gulf of Naples, and are included within the Marine Protected Area of the “Regno di Nettuno” (“Neptune’s Realm”) since April 2008 (Gambi et al., 2003). The Phlaegrean islands are considered a biogeographic boundary which constitutes the distribution limit of most South Mediterranean thermophilous species, since the 14 °C minimum winter surface temperature isotherm (the 14 °C divide) is occurring between Ischia and the Pontine archipelago (e.g., Ventotene island) (Gambi et al., 2009; Gambi, 2014). In the past two decades, due to global warming also detected in the Mediterranean surface waters, we observed a northward shift of the 14° C divide, while the minimum winter isotherm in the area of the Phlaegrean islands is now often rising to the 15 °C divide. Therefore this zone is an interesting observatory for the distribution and migratory pattern of thermophilous species both native and introduced/aliens (Gambi, 2014). Occurrence and increase in the abundance of some native Mediterranean warm-species have been documented for this area (Dappiano and Gambi, 2004; Cigliano et al., 2007; Gambi, 2014), as for the coral Astroides calycularis (Pallas, 1776), the bryozoan Calpensia nobilis (Esper, 1796), and the fishes Sparisoma cretense (L., 1758), Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller & Troschel, 1848) and Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, 1829.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferrara Di Ferrara
    PROVINCIA COMUNE DI FERRARA DI FERRARA Visit Ferraraand its province United Nations Ferrara, City of Educational, Scientific and the Renaissance Cultural Organization and its Po Delta Parco Urbano G. Bassani Via R. Bacchelli A short history 2 Viale Orlando Furioso Living the city 3 A year of events CIMITERO The bicycle, queen of the roads DELLA CERTOSA Shopping and markets Cuisine Via Arianuova Viale Po Corso Ercole I d’Este ITINERARIES IN TOWN 6 CIMITERO EBRAICO THE MEDIAEVAL Parco Corso Porta Po CENTRE Via Ariosto Massari Piazzale C.so B. Rossetti Via Borso Stazione Via d.Corso Vigne Porta Mare ITINERARIES IN TOWN 20 Viale Cavour THE RENAISSANCE ADDITION Corso Ercole I d’Este Via Garibaldi ITINERARIES IN TOWN 32 RENAISSANCE Corso Giovecca RESIDENCES Piazza AND CHURCHES Trento e Trieste V. Mazzini ITINERARIES IN TOWN 40 Parco Darsena di San Paolo Pareschi WHERE THE RIVER Piazza Travaglio ONCE FLOWED Punta della ITINERARIES IN TOWN 46 Giovecca THE WALLS Via Cammello Po di Volano Via XX Settembre Via Bologna Porta VISIT THE PROVINCE 50 San Pietro Useful information 69 Chiesa di San Giorgio READER’S GUIDE Route indications Along with the Pedestrian Roadsigns sited in the Historic Centre, this booklet will guide the visitor through the most important areas of the The “MUSEO DI QUALITÀ“ city. is recognised by the Regional Emilia-Romagna The five themed routes are identified with different colour schemes. “Istituto per i Beni Artistici Culturali e Naturali” Please, check the opening hours and temporary closings on the The starting point for all these routes is the Tourist Information official Museums and Monuments schedule distributed by Office at the Estense Castle.
    [Show full text]
  • Relation Among Geochemical Elements in Soil and Red Chicory As a Tool for Geographical Origin Identification
    EGU21-15266 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15266 EGU General Assembly 2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Relation among geochemical elements in soil and red chicory as a tool for geographical origin identification. Elena Marrocchino1, Serena Di Sarcina2, Carlo Ragazzi3, and Carmela Vaccaro1,4 1University of Ferrara, Department of Physics and Earth Science, via Saragat, 1 44121 Ferrara, Italy ([email protected]) 2University of Ferrara, Department of Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, via L. Borsari 46 44121, Ferrara, Italy ([email protected]) 3Consorzio Uomini di Massenzatica, via Indipendenza 39/a,44026 Massenzatica (Ferrara), Italy ([email protected]) 4ISAC-CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National Research Council of Italy, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy ([email protected]) The identification of the geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. Determination and authentication of the geographical origin of food products throughout scientific research have become recently relevant in investigations against frauds for consumer protection. Advances in methods and analytical techniques led to an increase in the application of fingerprinting analysis of foods for identification of geographical origin. Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined
    [Show full text]
  • An Update of Marine Alien Species Off the Ischia Island (Tyrrhenian Sea), with a Closer Look at Neglected Invasions of Lophocladia Lallemandii (Rhodophyta)
    AN UPDATE OF MARINE ALIEN SPECIES OFF THE ISCHIA ISLAND (TYRRHENIAN SEA), WITH A CLOSER LOOK AT NEGLECTED INVASIONS OF LOPHOCLADIA LALLEMANDII (RHODOPHYTA) The island of Ischia, the largest of the Phlaegrean islands (Gulf of Naples), is included within the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the “Regno di Nettuno” (“Neptune’s Realm”) since April 2008. This area, as well as the Gulf of Naples, represents an interesting observatory to study the distribution and range expansion of thermophilous species both native and introduced/aliens (Gambi, 2014; Gambi et al., 2016). During the BioMarine Workshop “Management of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea – a way forward”, held in the island of Ischia on 4-5 May 2016 (Gambi and Galil, 2016), we produced a first annotated list of the marine alien taxa recorded from the island of Ischia (Gambi et al., 2016). In that report, a total of 22 alien species were documented including 1 dynoflagellate, 4 macroalgae, 1 sponge, 3 hydrozoans, 7 polychaetes, 2 molluscs, 2 crustaceans, 1 bryozoan and 1 fish (Tab. 1). With this contribution we update that list, presenting 6 additional marine alien species recorded from the coasts of Ischia, together with a taxonomic emendation of one of the previously reported species. Two of these alien taxa have been signalled through the Citizen Science web site of the MPA “Regno di Nettuno” (www.citizensciencerdn.org) (Gambi et al., 2018). The 7 taxa newly reported for the zone are: the red algaLophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) F. Schmitz 1893; the isopods Paracerceis sculpta (Holmes, 1904) and Paranthura japonica Richardson, 1909; the amphipod Caprella scaura Templeton, 1836; the heterobranch mollusc Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828; the bryozoan Celleporaria brunnea (Hinck, 1884), and the tunicate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823).
    [Show full text]
  • A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean, Volume 2
    CHAPTER 5.9 The Bay of Naples Matteo D’Acunto Introduction and Topography For the ancient Greeks, Campania in a broad sense meant the Bay of Naples, from Cape Misenum to the Sorrentine peninsula. It took its name from its shape, something like a krater (Strabo 5.4.8). Campania stretches inland to incorporate the volcanic region of the Phlegrean Fields (Campi Flegrei), and the territory from the rivers Volturnus and Clanis at the northwest, an area renowned in antiquity for its fertility, to Mount Vesuvius and the valley of the river Sarno on the east, right up to the ridges of the Apennines. The Bay of Naples includes the volcanic islands of Ischia and Procida with Vivara, north beyond Cape Misenum, as well as the island of Capri just off the Sorrentine peninsula at the south. Pithekoussai was established on Ischia, whilst Cumae (Greek Kyme), Dikaiarcheia (Pozzuoli), and Parthenope/Neapolis (Naples) were founded on the coastline. One of the main purposes of the foundation of Cumae – probably the most important one – was to control the northern areas up to the river Clanis for agriculture. The Etruscan center of Capua domi- nated the Campanian plain close to the Volturnus. South of the Sorrentine peninsula, the main Etruscan settlement of Pontecagnano held the Picentino plain up to the river Sele (Strabo 5.4.3–13; Polybius 3.91; Pliny, Natural History, 3.60–65; cf. Frederiksen 1984: pp. 1–30; Mele 2014: pp. VII–XIII). According to an early tradition, Lake Avernus, close to Cumae, was the location for the gates of Hades, also an oracle where one might consult the souls of the dead, whilst nearby flowed the infernal river Styx and the swamp of the Acheron stretched (Pseudo-Scymnus, Periplous or Periegesis 236–243; Ephorus, FGrHist 70 F 134 = Strabo 5.4.5; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Geological Phenomena in the Emilia-Romagna Plain (Italy): Gas Emissions from Wells and the Ground, Hot Water Wells, Geomorphological Variations
    Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 58, n. 2, pp. 87-102; June 2017 DOI 10.4430/bgta0193 Unusual geological phenomena in the Emilia-Romagna plain (Italy): gas emissions from wells and the ground, hot water wells, geomorphological variations. A review and an update of documented reports L. BONZI1, V. FERRARI1, G. MARTINELLI2, E. NORELLI3 and P. SEVERI1 1 Geological, Seismic and Soil Survey of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy 2 ARPAE Emilia-Romagna (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection), Section of Reggio Emilia, Italy 3 Geologist, Lodi, Italy (Received: May 11, 2016; accepted: May 9, 2017) ABSTRACT Fifty-two unusual geological phenomena (up to November 2015) were reported during a three-year observation period after the seismic swarm that occurred in Emilia in May-June 2012. Here we show and discuss for the first time the data collected directly from wells with apparently abnormal temperatures. Most of the abnormal temperatures occurred in the areas struck by earthquakes, but others were located in the urban area of Bologna and in the eastern sector of the Ferrara province. No relationship between the temperature data and the earthquakes was observed. The Italian oil company AGIP (now ENI) has recorded a large number of hydrocarbon surface phenomena in Emilia- Romagna since the early decades of the 20th century. The phenomena were located both in the Po Plain and in the Apennines. This database was recently provided by ENI and, for the first time, utilized for research purposes following the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence. The emissions observed are due to the presence of methane gas mixed with groundwater, resulting from the decomposition of organic matter present in proximity to tapped aquifers, or gas rising from greater depths along tectonic discontinuities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Ascent of the Matterhorn Author: Edward Whymper Release Date: November 17, 2011 [Ebook 38044] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ASCENT OF THE MATTERHORN*** ii The Ascent of the Matterhorn iii “THEY SAW MASSES OF ROCKS, BOULDERS, AND STONES, DART ROUND THE CORNER.” THE ASCENT OF THE MATTERHORN BY EDWARD WHYMPER v vi The Ascent of the Matterhorn WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Toil and pleasure, in their natures opposite, are yet linked together in a kind of necessary connection.—LIVY. LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 1880 All rights are reserved [v] PREFACE. In the year 1860, shortly before leaving England for a long continental tour, the late Mr. William Longman requested me to make for him some sketches of the great Alpine peaks. At this time I had only a literary acquaintance with mountaineering, and had even not seen—much less set foot upon—a mountain. Amongst the peaks which were upon my list was Mont Pelvoux, in Dauphiné. The sketches that were required of it were to celebrate the triumph of some Englishmen who intended to make its ascent. They came—they saw—but they did not conquer. By a mere chance I fell in with a very agreeable Frenchman who accompanied this party, and was pressed by him to return to the assault.
    [Show full text]