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director 1967- , chairman 1977- ; Courtaulds PLC, director 1986- ; S.G. Warburg 1987- ; Union Camp Corp., director 1991- ; U. K. Advisory Board, British-American Chamber of Commerce, 1987- ). The Anglo-Dutch Frances Anne Heaton: director 1993- (HM Treasury 1970-80; Lazard Brothers and Co. 1980- , director 1987- ; corporate empire Panel on Takeovers and Mergers, director general 1992- ). Sir Christopher Anthony Hogg: 1992- (Hill Samuel Ltd. 1963-66; Courtaulds PLC 1968- , chairman 1980-94; Reuters by Anthony K. Wikrent Holdings 1984- , chairman 1985- ; SmithKline Beecham 1993- ; International Council of J.P. Morgan 1988- ; Ford The 3,000 to 5,000 financier-oligarchswho comprise the rul­ Foundation, trustee 1987- ). ing council of the new British Empire, own and manage the Sir Martin Wakefield Jacomb: director 1986-95 (prac­ affairsof an interlocking corporate apparatus that dominates ticed at the bar, Inner Temple 1955-68; , "choke points" within the global economy, especially fi­ director 1968-95; Hudson's Bay Co., director 1971-86; Bar­ nance, insurance, raw materials, transportation, and con­ clays de Zoete Wedd, chairman 1986-91; Barclays PLC, sumer goods. This cartel is known as the Club of the Isles; its deputy chairman 1985- ; The Telegraph PLC, director 1986- ; center of policy making and power is the one square mile Commercial Union Assurance Co., director 1988- ; RTZ known as the Cityof . Corp. PLC, director 1988- ; PosTel Investment Management The Club of the Isles has expanded its control over the Ltd., director 1991- ; British Council, chairman 1992- ). financial and corporate affairs of Germany, , and Sir John Chippendale Keswick: director 1993- (married other continental European states. Switzerland and the Neth­ daughter of 16th earl of Dalhousie 1966; Hambros Bank Ltd., erlands have historically been integrated into the London­ chairman 1986- ; Charter Consolidated PLC, director; De­ centered imperium. Although there are occasional disputes Beers, director 1994- ; Edinburgh Investment Trust Ltd., di­ and rivalries within the ranks of the Club, for the most part, rector; Queen's Body Guard for Scotland; Royal Company this vast, global structure of corporations, , etc. func­ of Archers). tions as a single geopolitical entity, at war with the nation­ Sir Christopher Jeremy Morse, KCMG: director 1993- state system. As Katharine West wrote in a report for the (Glyn Mills and Co., director 1964; Bank of , director Royal Institute of InternationalAffairs (see p. 37), "To under­ 1965-72; Alternate Governorof for Interna­ stand the realityas opposed to the rhetoric of British involve­ tional Monetary Fund (IMF) 1966-72; Chairman of Deputies ment in European and non-European economies, it is better of Committee of Twenty, IMF, 1972-74; Lloyds Bank, deputy to study what companies do rather than what politicians say. " chairman 1975-77, chairman 1977-93; London Forex Associ­ What follows are profiles of the most important corpora­ ation, president 1978-91; Zeneca PLC, director 1993- ). tions within the Windsor/Club of the Isles apparatus today. Ian Plenderleith: director 1990- (joined BOE in 1965; seconded to IMF 1972-74; private secretary to governor of BOE 1976-79; senior broker to Commissioner for Reduction The Bankof England of National Debt 1989- ; , director Threadneedle Street, London EC2R BAH, United 1989- ; Stock Borrowing and Lending Committee, chairman Kingdom 1990- ; OECD Study on Debt Management, Editorial Com­ 4,333 employees mittee 1990- ; Government Borrowers Forum, co-chairman 1991- ; Financial Law P