/<Ti) ^ NBSIR 78-1583/\ NOV 1 1373 Standardization and Measurement Services in Indonesia Authors: H. Steffen Reiser Noel J. Raufaste Raymond C. Sangster Benjamin M. Gutterman Penelope M. Odar Office of International Relations National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 Held May 30-June 11, 1977 Issued September 1979 Survey Director: Mr. Sumantri Deputy Chairman for Technology Indonesian Institute of Science Jakarta, Indonesia Prepared for Agency for International Development Department of State Washington, D.C. 20523 NBSIR 78-1583 STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT SERVICES IN INDONESIA Authors: H. Steffen Reiser Noel J. Raufaste Raymond C. Sangster benjamin M. Gutterman Penelope M. Odar Office pf International Relations National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 2^0234 Held May 30-June 11, 1977 Issued September 1979 Survey Director: Mr. Sumantri Deputy Chairman for Technology Indonesian Institute of Science Jakarta, Indonesia International Team Members: Mr. Raul Estrada A., INEN, Ecuador Mr. Benjamin M. Gutterman, FDA, U.S.A. Dr. Zae-Quan Kim, K-SRI, Korea Mr. William H. Littlewood, USAID, Indonesia Mr. D. Steffen Reiser, NBS, U.S.A. Mr. Noel J. Raufaste, NBS, U.S.A. Mr. Chaiwai Sangruji, TISI, Thailand Dr. Raymond C. Sangster, NBS, U.S.A. Dr. Rex B. Woo-Ming, Guyana A Report of a Survey Conducted Jointly by the National Bureau of Standards and the Agency for International Development RASA TA(CE)5-71) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director ' ur ,p ^f 83 V10Q l1 t U1 I ' .-• n-iU* ;fe .H aJftfif L Iwci*. 3 bf»onTs».r* P6rr*t‘.!5i/D M umejnfiH tn^Q ..V, oqoloi r.i‘>R liui ?'.(nu'fnl ^ «'» r . 6 jl . JG, '"lirtS .rr f?" 6 f wc- t)«dHn {\irf,mi}r: it\ v<»v.jJ ^00 r» ' . ; I /I o »-. • . ' .'"‘1 % H rrtfii' ''f :'A • i naH©TL I •4 S ir: i.WIt'.'I'J •*. i» V 1 t‘ 0 ' ,. •’v^ M iQ ... ‘h* A' 8 "tO '' • • ,> •• f ??>»».. u-iiP lo . -I, ,'l'f jL J •; jv?i <*. ‘i «h_'"'‘R i ,> arnqoU*y:;0 lfeno«J£.n^f:’’f Yona??^ «c M>< .M .BDRaMMOO aO T\A3?^: WA9*^a .c ’J ..il, rf . 1 ;/> ,rtri«nf.{» V ? o\ .l nsbfoL j! i •" ?s§T BORAQk/IATJf 10 UA3HU 8 . <*t10}TA 4^ I : PREFACE For the past eight years, the National Bureau of Standards has offered to respond once a year to a request by a less industrialized country to survey standardization and measurement services needed by its developing industries and the existing institutional ability of the country to supply those services. The demand for these surveys has exceeded available technical resources and funding provided by the Agency for International Development. These surveys are characterized by some important common features For each survey, about half the team was provided by the host country; the other half consisted of about ten technical specialists, of whom about half came from third countries with similar problems in development, while the other half were the best available American specialists in technical fields of special importance to the host country. Since all these team members occupy positions of major responsibility in their own institutions, a survey period of more than two full working weeks could not be planned, but the foreign participants were expected to prepare themselves by reading material provided by NBS and the host country. The survey director was provided by the host country, which also arranged the in-country schedule of travel so that contacts could be made with governmental, industrial, and academic organizations. NBS has coordinated the writing of a report, which is given circulation at the discretion of the host country. NBS is also funded by AID for limited technical follow-up and evaluation functions in the years following a survey. At this time the impact of the completed surveys is mixed, ranging from having stimulated a great deal of local activity to virtually no visible impact. When the Hon, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, the Indonesian Minister of State for Research, requested that Indonesia undertake such a Survey under the auspices of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) , we at NBS wondered whether this country might be too large and diverse to offer a reasonable expectation for a successful survey. However, we decided to proceed with this Survey because there was in place in Indonesia considerable technical recognition of the need for standardization, and there were in existence institutions that already gave effective advice on some measurement technologies. Moreover, the government was planning a policy seminar on standardization with the U.S. National Academy of Sciences to follow this Survey, so that the possibility existed for implementation of recommendations. This policy seminar has not yet been held, and at the time of writing, evaluation of our Survey is not possible. A limited dialogue with Indonesian team members has continued. Even without close contact, it is clear that the development of Indonesia continues, its human and natural resources are great, and its leaders see clearly the opportunities for more rapid development, as emphasized by the iii recently signed bilateral "Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and Che Government of the Republic of Indonesia for Cooperation in Scientific Research and Technological Development." H. Steffen Reiser Chief Office of International Relations National Bureau of Standards iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE iii Page Numbers for Subsections A. B. C. D. E. F. G. 3 o O •H TJ C « 4J 00 3 c o 3 3 0 U J-) CO -H O )-i O -U iH 3 ^ lU 4-1 u -u CO •H 3 O 3 4-t &o u (0 TJ 4J (U ^ E 3 iH C C 3 3 3 E -tJ 3 3 n5 CO CO •H U T3 CO M 3 3 >-i XI M 'O -u •H 3 4J 'T3 3 3 (U T3 "CO iH 00 iH M 0) 3 •H U 3 M a o o •H C cO 4-1 3 rH m T) 3 (U o o 3 O 3 3 3 i-> 3 3 3 3 3 o PQ O' ‘H CO CO CJ M 3 S -H Section I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-2 2-3 3 3 4 4-5 5-6 Section II BACKGROUND AND 7-17 18-24 INTRODUCTION Section III 25-33 34-64 65-72 73-90 91-97 98-130 131-151 INDONESIAN PAPERS 1 t Section IV 153-155 156-174 175-184 185-195 196 197-222 223-235 THE ITINERARIES Section V CONCLUSIONS AND 237-239 240-257 258-266 267-282 283-296 ' GENERAL REMARKS Section VI APPENDIXES 299-319 320-344 (see p. vi list) V , gage APPENDIXES VI. A. 1. Report of Trip to Jakarta, Indonesia, Sept. 27- Oct. 1, 1976, by Mr, H. Steffen Peiser, Chief, Office of International Relations, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C 299 VI. A. 2. Opening Address of Survey, Dr. Rifai Bachtiar, Chairman, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jakarta, Indonesia 308 VI. A. 3. Opening Address by Spokesman of the NBS Team, Mr. H. Steffen Peiser 312 VI. A. 4. Address by Leader of the Indonesian Team, Mr. Sumantri, Deputy Chairman for Technology, LIPI 315 VI. A. 5. Biographical Data on Team Members for NBS/AID Survey 317 VI.F.l. Indonesian Institute of Sciences, KIM—National Institute for Instrumentation Creproduction of 14-page brochure) 320 VI. F. 2. LIN—National Institute for Instrumentation | (reproduction of 11-page brochure) 334 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. A, General Because of her natural and human resources, Indonesia has the potential of becoming one of the world’s wealthiest nations with a high standard of life for all its people. For a nation with little industrial capacity to leapfrog into prosperity and into a prominent trading position, challenges must be met in many fields. A good financial system is needed, as well as political stability, a good national plan for development, good transportation and communication infrastructure, sources of power, concern for the environment, and education. This study deals with two little-understood national systems—standardization and measurement. All highly developed countries have elaborate systems in these fields which are the result, at least in part, of government stimulation. Less developed countries, including Indonesia, on absolute and even relative terms, put far fewer resources into these two systems. There is, after all, little to excite the layman in standardization—no new product, no new profit to demonstrate easily. However, lack of standardization can lead to unexpected and heavy losses of benefits and opportunities. Exports offered to the United States from several countries show losses far greater than the cost of standardization, but this evidence appears seldom to persuade authorities to allocate funds to prevent such losses. Standards bodies are typically underfunded. An international team organized by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia—LIPI) and the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) visited Indonesia (mostly Java) for two weeks in June 1977 under partial funding from the Agency for International Development. The participation of leaders in standardization and metrology from Ecuador, Guyana, Korea, and Thailand was greatly appreciated by the Indonesian counterparts. The aim was to discuss with Indonesian colleagues the problems and needs in standardization and measurement services in Indonesia. The team found ample evidence of existing technical comprehension based on previous foreign studies and on the analysis of Indonesian experts. In metrology (measurement sciences), a system of cooperation between existing laboratories in calibration, instrumentation, and metrology, the so-called "KIM" system, is exemplary.