World Bank Financed Project New Countyside Project in Yellow Mountain· Anhui·P. R. China
Public Disclosure Authorized
ANHUI YELLOW MOUNTAIN NEW Public Disclosure Authorized COUNTRYSIDE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Environmental Impact Assessment
Public Disclosure Authorized (For Appraisal)
Public Disclosure Authorized Huangshan New Countryside Project Management Office
June 2013
TABLR OF CONTENTS
1 General Information ...... 1
1.1 Project background and engineering research...... 1 1.2 Organizer of environmental impact assessment...... 2 1.3 General situation of environmental impact assessment works...... 3 1.4 Project objectives...... 4 1.5 Basis of preparation...... 4 1.6 Assessment standards...... 7 1.7 Scope of assessment and major objectives of environmental protection...... 15 1.8 Characteristics of project and ideas for EIA ...... 15
2 Project Overview...... 18
2.1 Geographical position of project...... 18 2.2 Scope of project construction...... 18 2.3 Construction content and scale...... 20 2.4 Construction schemes...... 30 2.5 Planning on progress of the works ...... 39
3 Environmental Profile...... 40
3.1 Natural environment...... 40 3.2 Ecological environment...... 41 3.3 Status of regional environmental quality ...... 45
4 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Road and Tourist Supporting Facilities Project...... 50
4.1 Main problems existed on the road of project villages and tourist supporting facilities50 4.2 Main environmental influence on road and tourist supporting facilities project ...... 53 4.3 Pollution prevention and ecological protection measures...... 71
5 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Water Conservancy Facility Project...... 80
5.1 Present condition of rivers related to the project...... 80 5.2 Main environmental influence by water conservancy facility works ...... 88 5.3 Pollution Prevention & Control and Ecological Protection Measures...... 96
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6 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures of Water Supply and Drainage Project...... 101
6.1 Current status survey for water supply and drainage facilities ...... 101 6.2 Main environmental influence by water supply and drainage project ...... 107 6.3 Environmental protection measures of water supply and drainage works...... 117
7 Environment Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Agricultural and Forest Charateristic Industry Project ...... 125
7.1 Current development conditions of Huangshan characteristic agricultural and forest industry ...... 125 7.2 Agricultural industry base construction project ...... 126 7.3 Main environmental influences of agricultural industry project...... 129 7.4 Environmental protection measure of agriculture industry project...... 132
8 Impact Assessment on Natural Habitats ...... 134
8.1 Classification of natural habitat...... 134 8.2 Overview of natural habitat...... 134 8.3 Impact assessment on Tian Lake provincial natural reserve...... 138 8.4 Impact assessment on Taiping Lake national wetland park ...... 142 8.5 Impact assessment on Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery ...... 147 8.6 Influence assessment on HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Zhejiang national landscape and famous scenery...... 153
9 Impact Assessment and Protection Measures of Physical Culture Resource Conservation Project...... 158
9.1 Project Guiding Concept and Protection Principles...... 158 9.2 Protection Status of Physical Culture Resource...... 159 9.3 The Proposed Physical Culture Resource Protection Project...... 160 9.4 Impact analysis of physical culture resource protection projects...... 161 9.5 Protective measures of physical cultural resource ...... 164
10 Resettlement Plant...... 166
10.1 Scope and quantity of resettlement ...... 166 10.2 Legal and policy framework of resettlement...... 166 10.3 Resident restoration and resettlement plan...... 170 10.4 Institution of resettlement...... 174
11 Water and Soil Conservation Schemes...... 176
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11.1 Water and soil loss and the current status of water and soil conservation ...... 176 11.2 Extent of responsibility of water and soil loss control...... 177 11.3 Water and soil loss prediction ...... 178 11.4 Soil and water conservation measures ...... 186 11.5 Water and soil conservation monitoring...... 190 11.6 Investment estimation of water and soil conservation ...... 193
12 Dam Safety Analysis...... 194
12.1 Dam safety analysis of Qiyunshan reservoir...... 194 12.2 Safety analysis of the renovation project of hilly pond...... 195 12.3 General dam safety management regulations...... 196
13 Comparison of Alternative Plans...... 200
13.1 Program analysis of road & bridge and supporting facilities...... 200 13.2 Water-supply and drainage project alternatives analysis...... 205 13.3 Program analysis of water conservancy project...... 215
14 Public Participation and Information Disclosure ...... 219
14.1 Information disclosure...... 219 14.2 Public consultation survey ...... 225 14.3 The conclusion and analysis of the public consultation for the first time...... 226 14.4 Result induction and analysis of the second public consultation...... 231 14.5 Analysis and recommendations...... 236 14.6 Summary of public consultation ...... 237
15 Evaluation Results...... 241
15.1 Project overview...... 241 15.2 Environmental impact and benefit of this project ...... 241 15.3 Main pollution prevention and measures for ecological protection...... 243 15.4 Public participation...... 245 15.5 Environmental protection investment ...... 246 15.6 Conclusions ...... 247
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1 General Information
1.1 Project background and engineering research
Huangshan City, lying at the junction of the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, is one of the cities of regional center and transport hub in Anhui. Huangshan City, lying at the southernmost end in Anhui Province, is mainly with mountainous regions at the northern belt of middle subtropical zone.
Huangshan City has jurisdiction over three districts (Tunxi District, Huangshan District and Huizhou District), four counties (Shexian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County and Yixian County) and Huangshan Mountain Scenic Spot. There are 101 towns/townships (50 towns and 51 townships), 889 administrative villages, more than 3,500 villages, more than 8900 groups of villagers and 41 community committees under the jurisdiction of the districts and counties . The total area is 9807 square kilometers. The household population is of 1,481,000, of which non-agricultural population is of 3,670,000. The shape of the whole administrative region is like a maple leaf. Tunxi District is the seat of the municipal government.
Huangshan, the world natural and cultural resource site listed by UNESCO, owns the beautiful natural environment and rich cultural resource represented by hometown of Huizhou merchants and birthplace of Huizhou Culture.
As for Huangshan City, although the urban areas are economically developed and easy of access and the rural areas are with splendid culture and beautiful natural environment, the rural society and economy are still relatively backward, which manifest mainly on the following aspects: (a) lack of investment in rural infrastructure; some poor villages with relatively poor natural conditions are not easy of access and with water conservancy facilities in disrepair; the sanitation in rural areas is lagging behind; (b) The conservation of the traditional culture and resource in rural areas is to be strengthened; the assets value of the rich physical and intangible resource has not been fully recognized and protected; a lot of Huizhou ancient structures have not been effectively protected; the intangible resource is facing the risk of lost; the economy of culture resource resources in rural areas has not been fully realized; (c) The rural development is without systematic and integrated conservation and development planning; on the one hand, the development of rural economy shows a lack of vitality; on the other hand, the traditional culture has not been effectively protected and clear inclusive development strategies are to be implemented as soon as possible; (D) the rural population by educational attainment and employability relative knowledge is low, especially for the protection of cultural resource and environmental assets and appropriate use of capacity should be strengthened.
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Huangshan Municipal Government has been aware of these uphill tasks, and is engaged in the infrastructure improvement to improve the living conditions of rural residents, the recovery, protection and promotion of cultural resource and the supports to key industries to promote local economic development and income increase of peasants. The proposed project aims to contribute to these efforts and a loan of 100 million USD with a period of 5 years from World Bank is granted to Huangshan Municipal Government according to the application. The proposed project covers 68 villages in the three districts and four counties under the jurisdiction of Huangshan City.
On August 24, 2012, Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd. won the bid of the work of feasibility study report preparation for the Project and carried out the field work immediately; on September 6, 2012, the outline of project feasibility study report was completed; on September 28, 2012, the first draft of the feasibility study report was completed; on January 10, 2013, the second draft of the feasibility study report was completed; on May 3, 2013, the third draft of the feasibility study report was completed.
1.2 Organizer of environmental impact assessment
Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute
Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI), the biggest comprehensive communications technology R&D base in China, was founded in 1962. It was formerly a scientific research institution directly under the Ministry of Communications. In 2001, it was restructured as a science and technology corporation under the leadership of Enterprise Work Committee of CPC Central Committee; in 2003, it was transferred to the management of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC); in August 2010, it was incorporated into China Shipping (Group) Corporation as its wholly owned subsidiary enterprise.
SSSRI owns a number of national qualifications of consulting, design and construction, and it is also one of the first batch units with the "Class A Qualification Certificate for Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment" awarded by the former State Environmental Protection Administration; moreover, it owns Special Class A Design Qualification for Environmental Engineering (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and Physical Pollution), General Contracting Qualification for Environmental Engineering Construction, Environmental Monitoring Qualification certified by CMA as well as Class B Qualification for the Preparation of Soil and Water Conservation Plan. The environmental assessment capacity of SSSRI has been among the best in the national transportation industry and the assessment of similar institutions in Shanghai for many years. In 2006, it won the title of “Top 10 Nationwide Outstanding Units
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of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment” after the evaluation by the former State Environmental Protection Administration. Over the past decade, SSSRI has assumed the environmental impact assessment, planning EIA and environmental investigation acceptance for more than 100 national or provincial major construction projects in more than 10 provinces and cities, including the environmental impact assessment for more than 10 WB and ADB financed projects.
The project team members and the division of labor are shown in Table 1.2-1. Table 1.2-1 List of Project Team Members and Division of Labor Work Professional Situation of Name Position Experience Responsibility Title Registration (years) Chen Deputy Research 11 EIA Engineer In Overall Charge Xinglong Director Associate In Overall Charge and Chief Liu Lingfeng Senior Engineer 25 EIA Engineer responsible for Engineer examination Responsible for the Project Research impact of construction Cui Baojun 10 EIA Engineer Manager Associate of roads and tourist facilities Responsible for the Zhang Project Senior Engineer 23 EIA Engineer impact of construction Mingying Manager of specialty industries Responsible for the Research impact of construction Shi Xiaoxue / 5 EIA work license Assistant of water conservancy facilities Responsible for the Research impact of construction Cao Deyou / 5 EIA work license Assistant of water supply and drainage facilities Research Tong Yi / 5 EIA work license Map production Assistant
1.3 General situation of environmental impact assessment works
The Project is of new countryside construction, the single projects all of small scale scattered in 68 villages in Huangshan City; according to the relevant requirements of Law of the People's Republic of China on Appraising of Environment Impacts and Categorized Administrative List of Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction project, each project of the proposed project is required to be prepared with an environmental impact statement or registration form. In consideration of all the projects are of one WB financed project, one overall environmental impact report will be prepared.
In July 2012, the World Bank Project Identification Mission got the Project listed in the projects of Category B, for which the preparation of environmental impact assessment report and environmental management plan is required.
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In August 2012, the construction unit, Project Construction Office of WB Financed New Countryside Construction Project, organized an open tendering for the environmental impact assessment work; on receipt of the notice on bid winning on September 7, 2012, Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as SSSRI) immediately set up the project team, which visited the government agencies of environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, planning, water conservancy, urban construction, tourism and resource conservation in the project areas in the assistance of the construction unit. Subsequently, on the basis of the data collection and analysis of project feasibility report outline the work plan for project environmental impact assessment was prepared and submitted to WB environmental experts for review. On 21-27 September 2012, the EIA group, divided into three subgroups, went to the project-involved villages for site survey and carried out the first round of public consultations simultaneously; on the basis of preliminary data collection and site survey as well as the analysis of the project feasibility report (draft), the draft environmental impact assessment was completed on October 10, 2012. After the assessment at the WB preparatory meeting, in December 2012, the project team carried out the second round of information disclosure and public consultation in combination with the situation of feasibility report preparation and revision; on the basis of the new feasibility report, the second draft of EIA was prepared. The EA documents were updated in January 2013, and re-dislcosed locally on February 6, 2013.
1.4 Project objectives
(1) Submit EIS for the proposed project to the environmental protection departments of corresponding levels and WB respectively, which should be consistent with their respective regulatory requirements.
(2) Assist PMO in the preparation of all components required in the environmental assessment process of WB (e.g., consultation with affected persons, information disclosure, etc.).
(3) Conduct due diligence according to the relevant requirements of WB for the proposed project or related activities.
1.5 Basis of preparation
1.5.1 Environmental and social policies of WB
(1) Environmental Assessment (OP/BP4.01,), which will be applied to the project;
(2) Physical Cultural Resources (OP4.11), which will be applied for the protection of PCRs in the project areas;
(3) Disclosure of Information (BP17.50), which will be applied to the project;
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(4) Pest Management (OP4.09), which will be applied to the project because the project areas are concerned with agricultural components.
(5) Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), which will be applied because the project involves a small amount of land acquisition and resettlement;
(6) Natural Habitats (OP4.04), which will be applied because the Project involves natural habitats, though the impact is very little;
(7) Forestry (OP4.36), which will not be applied because the Project will not have impacts on the health and quality of forests, nor affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests, nor aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forest or plantations.
(8) Safety of Dams (OP4.37), water supply schemes taking water from reservoirs and rehibilitatoin of a number of small farm ponds.
(9) Indigenous People (OP4.10), which will not be applied because the Project does not involve indigenous population
(10) Projects on International Waterways (OP7.50), which will not be applied because the Project does not involve international waterways
(11) Projects in Disputed Areas (OP7.60), which will not be applied because the Project does not involve disputed areas
(12) IFC EHS Guidelines.
1.5.2 National laws, regulations and rules
(1) Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection, December 1989;
(2) Law of the People's Republic of China on Appraising of Environment Impacts, October 2002;
(3) Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise, October 1996;
(4) Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, September 2000;
(5) Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, June 2008;
(6) Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Solid Waste, April 2005;
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(7) Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Administration, August 1998;
(8) Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, December 2012;
(9) Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Wildlife, November 1988;
(10) Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, April 1998;
(11) Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics, October 2002;
(12) Law of the People's Republic of China on Urban and Rural Planning, October 2007;
(13) Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, November 1998;
(14) Regulations of the People's Republic of China on natural reserve regulations，October 1994
(15) Regulations on the Management of Landscape and Famous Sceneries, September 2006;
(16) Categorized Administrative List of Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction, Environmental Protection Department Order No. 2, September 2, 2008;
(17) Decision of the State Council on Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection, Guofa [2005] No. 39, February 2006.
(18) Tentative Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessments, State Environmental Protection Administration, February 2006.
1.5.3 Local regulations and rules
(1) Ordinance on Environmental Protection in Anhui Province, November 1, 2010;
(2) Ordinance of Anhui Province on Agro-ecological Environment Protection ( the revised manuscript), June 29 2006;
(3) Measures for the Implementation of Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes in Anhui Province, June, 2006;
(4) Measures for the Implementation of Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Administration in Anhui Province, June, 2004;
(5) Implementation Guideline of the People's Government of Anhui Province for the Implementation of Decision of the State Council on Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection, Wanzheng [2006] No. 71, September 2006;
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(6) Measures for the Implementation of Law of the People's Republic of China on Water And Soil Conservation in Anhui Province, June, 2004;
(7) Measures for the Implementation of Pilot Work for Environmental Supervision of Construction Projects in Anhui Province, April 2012.
1.5.4 Basis of Technical Documents
(1) General Programme of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ2.1-2011);
(2) Atmospheric Environment of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ2.2-2008);
(3) Surface Water Environment of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93);
(4) Acoustic Environment of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ2.4-2009);
(5) Ecological Environment of Nature Resource Development of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ19-2011);
(6) The Feasibility Research Report of Anhui Huangshan New Countryside Pilot Construction Project with World Bank Loan; Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., June 7, 2013.
1.6 Assessment standards
The assessment standards are based on the Approval of EIA standards for the Project (HJH [2013] No. 1) issued by Huangshan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau; the specific standards are as follows:
1.6.1 Environmental quality standards
(1) Environmental quality standards for surface water
Implement the corresponding standards of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) according to Anhui Water Environment Function Zoning (Wanzhenmi [2004] No. 7) and implement Grade III water quality standard for the water bodies not included in Anhui Water Environment Function Zoning. The specific standard values are shown in Table 1.6-1. The surface water environmental function zoning of Huangshan City is shown in Table 1.6-2.
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Table 1.6-1 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water Item of Water Quality Grade II standard Grade III standard pH (nondimensional) 6～9 Permanganate Index (mg/L) 4 6 BOD5 (mg/L) 3 4 NH3-N (mg/L) 0.5 1.0 TP (mg/L) 0.1 0.2
(2) Ambient air quality standard
There is no ambient air function zoning in rural areas of Huangshan City; Grade II of Standards for Ambient Air Quality (GB3095-1996) is implemented. The specific standard values are shown in Table 1.6-3.
Table 1.6-3 Standards for Ambient Air Quality Standard Concentration Limit Pollutant Name Value-taking Time (mg/m3) Grade II Sulfur dioxide Daily mean 0.15 (SO2) Yearly mean 0.06 Nitrogen dioxide Daily mean 0.12 (NO2) Yearly mean 0.08 Inhalable particulate matter Daily mean 0.15 (PM10) Yearly mean 0.10
(3) Environmental quality standard for noise
There is no acoustic environment function zoning in rural areas of Huangshan City; Huangshan City is not divided Sound Environment in rural areas, Class 1 of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) will be implemented (55 dB (A) in daytime and 45 dB (A) in nighttime); the assessment of areas within 35 meters from the red lines of traffic arteries should be based on the standard of Class 4a and the assessment of the ones beyond is based on Class 2.
Table 1.6-4 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) (Excerpts) (Unit: dB (A)) Category Daytime Nighttime Applicable Zone The zones to be maintained quiet, with residential housing, health Class 1 55 45 care, culture and education, scientific research and design as well as administrative offices as major functions The zones with commercial finance, market and trade as major functions, or the areas mixed with residential, commercial, Class 2 60 50 industrial functions, of which the residential area to be maintained quiet Expressway, Class I highway, Class II highway, urban expressway, Class 4 70 55 urban arterial road, urban sub-arterial road, urban rail transit (Class 4a) (ground segment) and the both sides of inland channel
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Table 1.6-2 Surface Water Environmental Function Zoning of Huangshan City Water Principal Goal of Length/area Function at No. Drainage Area Water System Water Body Waters Quality at Function as Water (km) Present Present Planned Quality Source of Nature 01 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Majinxi River Dajian to Taolin 16 Ⅱ Ⅱ water conservation The Source to Nature Nature 02 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River 5.6 Ⅰ Ⅰ Jianxi conservation conservation Jianxi to the upper bound of water 03 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River conservation 18.6 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ district of Yixian County Water Plant Water conservation Source of Source of 04 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River district of Yixian 3.5 drinking Ⅱ Ⅱ drinking water County Water water Plant The lower bound of water conservation Source of 05 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River 59.7 Fishery water Ⅲ Ⅲ district of Yixian drinking water County Water Plant to Wanquan Wanquan (the upper bound of water conservation district of Yixian Source of Source of 06 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River County Water 3.5 drinking Ⅲ Ⅲ drinking water Plant) to water water conservation district of Xiuning County Water Plant
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Water Principal Goal of Length/area Function at No. Drainage Area Water System Water Body Waters Quality at Function as Water (km) Present Present Planned Quality Lower bound of water conservation district of Xiuning County Water Plant to the 07 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River upper bound of 15.1 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ water conservation district of Tunxi No. 1 Water Plant in Xintan Township Water Source of conservation Source of 08 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River 3.5 drinking Ⅱ Ⅱ district of Tunxi drinking water water No. 1 Water Plant Water conservation district of Tunxi Transition Transition 09 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Hengjiang River No. 1 Water Plant 1.1 Ⅲ region Ⅲ region to the confluence of the three rivers at the Old Bridge The Old Bridge Landscape Landscape 10 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Jianjiang River to Huangkou 3.7 recreational Ⅲ recreational Ⅲ Bridge water water Huangkou Bridge Industrial 11 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Jianjiang River to Xiacaoshi 3.1 Ⅳ Industrial water Ⅳ water
Xiacaoshi to 12 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Jianjiang River 21.9 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Pukou Yuantou to Source of Nature 13 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Shuaishui River 41.7 Ⅰ Ⅰ Jiangtan water conservation
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Water Principal Goal of Length/area Function at No. Drainage Area Water System Water Body Waters Quality at Function as Water (km) Present Present Planned Quality Jiangtan to water conservation 14 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Shuaishui River 83.4 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ district of Tunxi No. 2 Water Plant Water Source of conservation Source of 15 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Shuaishui River 3.5 drinking Ⅱ Ⅱ district of Tunxi drinking water water No. 2 Water Plant The lower bound of water conservation 16 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Shuaishui River district of Tunxi 1.6 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ No. 2 Water Plant to the confluence of the three rivers The source to the Industrial 17 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Fuzi River estuary of 12.7 Ⅲ Industrial water Ⅲ water Lianjiang River The source to the 18 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Bushe River estuary of 11.8 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Lianjiang River The source to the upper bound of water conservation 19 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Fengle River 46.8 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ district of Huizhou District Water Plant
Water conservation Source of Source of 20 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Fengle River district of 3.7 drinking Ⅱ Ⅱ drinking water Huizhou District water Water Plant
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Water Principal Goal of Length/area Function at No. Drainage Area Water System Water Body Waters Quality at Function as Water (km) Present Present Planned Quality The lower bound of Huizhou 21 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Fengle River District Water 2.6 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Plant to Xiangpiba Xiangpib to Yangcun Village Industrial 22 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Fengle River 5.7 Ⅳ Industrial water Ⅳ (the estuary of water Lianjiang River) Linxi to the upper bound of water conservation 23 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Yangzhi River 15.9 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ district of Shexian Water Plant Water conservation Source of Source of 24 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Yangzhi River district of 3.5 drinking Ⅱ Ⅱ drinking water Shexian Water water Plant The lower bound of water conservation district of 25 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Yangzhi River 3.1 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Shexian Water Plant to the estuary of Lianjiang River Fishery water Fishery water The estuary of and landscape and landscape 26 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Lianjiang River Lianjiang River 2.8 recreational Ⅲ Ⅲ recreational to Pukou water water
Pukou to Shendu Fishery water Fishery water 27 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River 29.1 Ⅲ Ⅲ Bridge and landscape and landscape
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Water Principal Goal of Length/area Function at No. Drainage Area Water System Water Body Waters Quality at Function as Water (km) Present Present Planned Quality recreational recreational water water Fishery water Fishery water Shendu Bridge to and landscape and landscape 28 Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River Xin’anjiang River 35.7 Ⅲ Ⅲ Jiekou recreational recreational water water The source (Dadan) to the Source of Nature 29 Yangtze River Poyang Lake Changjiang River lower bound of 29.8 Ⅱ Ⅱ water conservation Qimen County Water Plant The lower bound of Qimen County 30 Yangtze River Poyang Lake Changjiang River 40 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Water Plant to Luxi Luxi to Daohu 31 Yangtze River Poyang Lake Changjiang River 10.2 Fishery water Ⅱ Fishery water Ⅱ Lake Taiping Lake Source of 32 Yangtze River Qingyi River Taiping Lake area 88km2 Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ water Huangshan Mountain Scenic Source of Spot to the south drinking Source of 33 Yangtze River Qingyi River Machuan River 6 Ⅱ Ⅱ gate of water and drinking water Huangshan fishery water Mountain The south gate of Huangshan Mountain to the 35 Yangtze River Qingyi River Machuan River 51.2 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ estuary of Taiping Lake in Xianyuan Town Gantang Town to 36 Yangtze River Qingyi River Puxi River 12.4 Fishery water Ⅲ Fishery water Ⅲ Taiping Lake
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1.6.2 Pollutant discharge standards
(1) Wastewater discharge standard
The maximum acceptable emission concentration of Type 1 pollutants of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) and the Class 1 standard of the maximum acceptable emission concentration of Type 2 pollutants in Table 4 will be implemented for wastewater; Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) will be implemented for wastewater for irrigation. Table 1.6-5 Wastewater Discharge Standard Water Quality Standard of Item Class 1 Standard of GB8978-1996 GB5084-2005 pH 6～9 5.5-8.5 SS 70 mg/l 80 mg/l CODCr≤ 100 mg/l 150 mg/l BOD5≤ 20 mg/l 60 mg/l NH3-N≤ 15 mg/l - Phosphate (calculated by P) 0.5 mg/l - ≤
(2) Waste gas discharge standard
The assessment of air pollutant emissions is based on Grade II of Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).
(3) Noise standards
Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB1252312523) should be implemented during the construction (70 dB (A) in daytime and 55 dB (A) in nighttime). Class 1 of Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Industrial Enterprise Site (GB 12348-2008) should be implemented during the construction (55 dB (A) in daytime and 45 dB (A) in nighttime).
(4) Solid waste standard
Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges for Agricultural Use (GB4284-84) will be implemented for sludges from rural sewage treatment for agricultural use.
Tab. 1.6-6 Standard Values of Control for Pollutants in Sludges for Agricultural Use (mg/kg) Maximum Allowable Content Item In acidic soils (pH <6.5) In neutral and alkaline soils (pH ≥ 6.5) Cadmium and its compounds 5 20 (calculated by Cd) Hydrargyrum and its compounds 5 15 (calculated by Hg) Plumbum and its compounds 300 1000 (calculated by Pb) Chromium and its compounds 600 1000 (calculated by Cr)
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Maximum Allowable Content Item In acidic soils (pH <6.5) In neutral and alkaline soils (pH ≥ 6.5) Arsenic and its compounds 75 75 (calculated by As) Boron and its compounds (calculated 150 150 by water-soluble B) Mineral oil 3000 3000 Benzo (a) pyrene 3 3
1.7 Scope of assessment and major objectives of environmental protection
The scope of environmental impact assessment and major environmental protection objectives of the Project are shown in Table 1.7-1.
Table 1.7-1 Table of Scope of Assessment Contents of Major Environmental Protection Scope of Assessment Assessment Objectives Arable land, vegetation and wildlife, old The range within 100 meters from the outside or valuable trees, nature reserves, scenic Ecological permanent or temporary land acquisition for site spots, national wetland park and other Environment projects; the range within 100 meters from both natural habitats, as shown in Table sides of the centerline of linear engineering. 8.2-2. The range within 100 meters from the outside Acoustic permanent or temporary land acquisition for site Villages, schools and other sensitive Environment projects; the range within 100 meters from both objectives sides of the centerline of linear engineering. The range within 100 meters from the outside permanent or temporary land acquisition for site Villages, schools and other sensitive Ambient Air projects; the range within 100 meters from both objectives sides of the centerline of linear engineering. Surface water bodies involved in the projects of small water conservancy facilities; Surface Surface water bodies involved in drainage Water Surface water quality projects; Environment Surface water bodies involved in rural road projects.
1.8 Characteristics of project and ideas for EIA
1.8.1 Characteristics of project
(1) Overall, the Project is a project of environmental improvement: the improvement of gravel earth road and damaged road can not only facilitate villagers travel, but also reduces dust and improves ambient air quality in rural areas; the improvement of drainage facilities can enhance the rural environmental health conditions and reduce sewage being discharged into rivers; the river improvement works (solid waste clean-up and dike reinforcement) can achieve ecological balance, flood control, public health and safety and improve the river ecosystems; the projects of cultural resource protection and utilization can better protect the ancient buildings and play their cultural resource values; the construction of specialty industries can directly increase the
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household income, create local employment and promote the economic development of villages; the capacity building can improve the level of village management and promote the sustainable development of the villages.
(2) There are many types of projects distributed widely, but the single projects are all of small scale: the Project includes infrastructure projects of various types (e.g. roads, water supply and drainage, water conservancy facilities, parking lots and public toilets), the protection and restoration of ancient buildings as well as specialty agriculture and forestry, the construction of tourist facilities and capacity building; the projects are distributed in 68 villages in three districts and four counties of Huangshan City, but the single projects are all of small scale and very low level.
(3) Ancient buildings are the important part of Huizhou Culture in Huangshan area and part of the ancient buildings may be included in the directory of key resource sites under protection of various levels, the projects involved in the protection and utilization of which must comply with relevant regulations on cultural relics protection, and "the principle of keeping the cultural relics in their original state must be adhered to in the repairing, maintenance and removal of unmovable cultural relics".
1.8.2 Ideas for EIA
The EIA Group will carry out environmental impact assessment for the Project in strict accordance with the procedures and requirements determined by Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of China and the security policy guidelines of WB. According to the characteristics of the Project and regional environment, the following assessment ideas will be implemented for the EIA works of the Project:
(1) In the process of the implementation of the EIA program, the EIA Group will emphasize the measures but not the predictions according to the characteristics of the Project being a project of environmental improvement on the whole; the impact assessment will be mainly on the qualitative analysis supplemented with quantitative prediction, and making operational environmental protection measures will be focused on. Trying to make the EIA more practical to achieve the purpose of "providing guidance for the contractors to implement prevention and control measures", and "providing a basis for the PMO in science and environmental management".
(2) This project is a demonstration project of new countryside construction involving
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transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, social areas and other sectors; the environmental impact assessment and the proposal of environmental mitigation measures will be carried out in three major parts, namely infrastructure projects, projects of specialty industry construction and projects of cultural resource protection and utilization.
(3) During the implementation of the EIA program, depending on the characteristics of being with various types and widely distributed, the EIA Group will select typical projects as examples to resolve the various negative/positive impact on the environment that may be caused by the projects of those types and propose measures to alleviate the negative effects and increase the positive effects.
(4) The Project, consisting of projects distributed in 68 villages in three districts and four counties of Huangshan City, is a project of environmental improvement on the whole and will not cause significant environmental pollution. Therefore, the assessment of the situation of water, air and sound environmental quality is carried out mainly on the collection of data from the routine monitoring sites and monitoring sections of Huangshan City in 2011.
(5) Considering from the environmental factors of impact, the contents of environmental impact assessment for the Project mainly include surface water, ambient air, noise, solid waste, ecology, soil erosion, protection of cultural resource, social environment and other aspects; considering from the time series of impact, the impact during the construction period is the key consideration and long-term maintenance mechanisms and management responses will be focused on during the operation period.
(6) In addition to the impacts on the surrounding environment on the construction site, the various types of construction activities of the Project have impact on construction camps, dumping sites, access roads, construction materials transportation, etc.. General Code of Practice for Environmental Protection Work for the project was prepared, in which common environmental protection measures are proposed for these general impacts.
(7) As a WB financed project, public participation (consultation) is one of the important work, the EIA Group, in close cooperation with PMO, has implemented two rounds of public participation to ensure that the issues of public concern be taken into the EIS and properly addressed.
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2 Project Overview
2.1 Geographical position of project
(1) Project Name: Anhui Yellow Mountain new countryside demonstration project
(2) Constructed by: Huangshan new countryside project management office
(3) Construction location: The project construction site distributes in 3 Districts, 4 Counties and 68 villages in Huangshan City, including 3 villages in Tunxi District, 8 villages in Huizhou District, 12 villages in Huangshan District, 20 villages in Shexian County, 7 villages in Xiuning County, 6 villages in Yixian County and 12 Villages in Qimen County (Figure 2.2-1).
(4) Construction contents includes: such infrastructure construction projects as rural road traffic, rural water supply and drainage works, small-scale water conservancy facilities and tourism supporting facilities; cultural resource protection and utilization project; characteristic industry construction project and capability construction project
(5) The total planned investment estimate for this project is of RMB 917,660,000. The project period is of 5 years.
2.2 Scope of project construction
The 68 villages selected are mainly distributed in the rural tourism cluster of Huangshan Mountain Scenic Spot, the rural tourism cluster of southern towns, Xidi - Hongcun rural tourism cluster and Qingliangfeng rural tourism growth pole, Guniujiang rural tourism growth pole, Liugujian rural tourism growth pole and Taiping Lake rural tourism growth pole, as shown in Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-1.
Table 2.2-1 Table of Number and Population Statistics of 68 Project-involved villages in the Three Districts and Four Counties of Huangshan City County/ County/ County/ Village Population Village Population Village Population District District District 49 – 1 – Xinjiang Shexian 24 – Xucun 1813 3592 Huangcun 788 Village County Village Village Xiuning 2 – Liucun 25 – Shitan 50 – Wanxin 438 4572 County 1665 Tunxi Village Village Village District 3 – Waibianxi 26 - Yuliang 2400 3100 Subtotal 7304 Village Village 27 – Yixian 51 – Bishan Subtotal 4651 Wenzhengsha 1100 2698 County Village n Village
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County/ County/ County/ Village Population Village Population Village Population District District District 28 – 4 – Xixi’nan 52 – Guhuang 4538 Baojiazhuang 2836 1984 Village Village- Village 29 – 5 – Qiankou 53 – Pingshan 1940 Maihuayu 626 1083 Village Village Village 30 – 6 - Kunsha 54 – Miaolin 1092 Xiongcun 3564 945 Village Village Village 55 – 7 – Shuyuan 31 - Tangyue 825 3999 Shenchong 689 Huizhou Village Village Village District 8 – Linshan 32 – Shendu 56 – Tuanjie 1696 1777 2023 Village Village Village 9 – Qiashe 33 – Changxi 1820 3682 Subtotal 9422 Village Village 57 - 10 – Fuxi 34 – Fue 1701 3571 Huanglong 1275 Village Village Village 11 – Yangcun 35 – Beian 58 – Huansha 1162 3385 1159 Village Town Village 36 – Zhanqi 59 – Kengkou Subtotal 14774 2484 1277 Village Village 12 – Raocun 37 - Jiekou 60 – Lixi 1608 1768 710 Village Village Village 38 – 13 – Xingcun 61 – Liudu 1624 Zhengcun 4356 1242 Village Village Village 14 – Guocun 39 - Hongqin 62 – Luxi 1541 3024 2182 Village Village Qimen Village 15 - Longyuan 40 - Hongfei County 63 – Lunkeng 1557 1470 630 Village Village Village 16 – Baiguoshu 41 - Zhangtan 64 – Mashan 2132 1433 590 Village Village Village 17 - Chaoyang 42 - Miantan 65 – Penglong 892 2048 1535 Village Village Village Huangshan 18 – Zhongdun 43 – Sucun 66 - Taoyuan 2318 1909 943 District Village Village Village 19 – Shuxi 67 – Xiangtan 1534 Subtotal 54296 1406 Village Village 20 - Longshan 44 – Langsi 68 – Zhukou 3157 1097 950 Village Village Village 21 – Xinfeng 45 – Tianli 2256 1736 Subtotal 13899 Village Village 22 – Sanhe 46 – Huaqiao 1532 Xiuning 1510 Village County Village 23 - Yongfeng 47 – Yanjiao 2734 1024 Village Village Total 127231 48 – Yanpu Subtotal 22885 1937 Village
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2.3 Construction content and scale
2.3.1 Rural infrastructure construction
2.3.1.1 Rural roads, bridges and ancillary facilities
(1) Road works
Road works consist of subgrade works, pavement works, road drainage works and safety protection works, which can be divided into two categories of new construction as well as rehabilitation and improvment according to the type of construction. There are a total of 66 villages involved in road works with a total mileage of 308.6 km, of which, 49.6 kilometers are village trunk roads, 135.4 kilometers are roads connecting villages, 82.1 kilometers are roads within villages, 30.8 kilometers are roads for productive operations (tractor roads) and 10.7 kilometers are roads supplemented with security facilities. The roads to be newly constructed are Changxi-Shitan road works involving Changxi Village and Shitan Village (3145m in length, 4.5m in pavement width) , the road linking both edges of Hongfei Village (1400m in length, 4.5m in pavement width), Jiekoucun road (600 m in length, 4.5m in width), and Mulihong road(2857m in length, 3.5m in width, about 1400m newly-bulit).
(2) Bridge works
There are 64 bridges located in 27 villages to be newly constructed, of which, 6 bridges are large and the other 58 ones are medium and small bridges designed to satisfy the travel needs for production and living of the rural residents. The bridges are basically the economic and practical simply supported slab bridges except for few arch bridges.
(3) Ancillary facilities
The ancillary facilities consist of streetlight works and underground three-wire works; the streetlight works involve a total of 1795 pole lights (5-9m in pole height) and 1178 simple streetlights (mounted on the wall or power poles) in 45 villages. The underground three-wire works involve 8510m of various types of power cables, 26890m of cable protection tubes and 18890m of HDPE combined porous pipe units in 12 villages.
Table 2.3-1 Construction Content of Roads and Bridges in the Project-involved villages Village Roads Roads Roads Roads for County/ Project-involved Trunk Connecting within Supplemented Bridge Productive District village Roads Villages Villages with Security Works Operations (m) (m) （m） Facilities (m) Tunxi 1 – Xinjiang Village 690 530 District 2 – Liucun Village 540 430 2
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Village Roads Roads Roads Roads for County/ Project-involved Trunk Connecting within Supplemented Bridge Productive District village Roads Villages Villages with Security Works Operations (m) (m) （m） Facilities (m) 3 – Waibianxi Village 756 1 bridge 4 – Xixi’nan Village 1258 1042.7 3059 5 – Qiankou Village 1751 6 - Kunsha Village 1423 Huizhou 7 – Shuyuan Village 852 310 District 8 – Linshan Village 1661 9 – Qiashe Village 3216 2 bridges 10 – Fuxi Village 100 2641 2 bridges 11 – Yangcun Village 235 3987 865 2 bridges 12 – Raocun Village 6347 3690 2944 1 bridge 13 – Xingcun Village 610 3655 780 14 – Guocun Village 116 1040 874 15 - Longyuan Village 4512 1470 17 bridges 16 – Baiguoshu Village 3519 3950 4 bridges 17 - Chaoyang Village 914 832 Huangshan 18 – Zhongdun Village 3653 447 570 3 bridges District 19 – Shuxi Village 1820 1797 6200 1 bridge 20 - Longshan Village 3106 3338 21 – Xinfeng Village 1815 4711 1 bridge 5 bridges 22 – Sanhe Village 117503 and 1 box culvert 23 - Yongfeng Village 6140 1 bridge 24 – Xucun Village 390 500 25 – Shitan Village 1685 5088 700 1 bridge 26 - Yuliang Village 225 27 – Wenzhengshan 1560 Village 28 – Baojiazhuang 797 Village 29 – Maihuayu Village 2657 1600 30 – Xiongcun Village 1540 31 - Tangyue Village 680 Shexian 32 – Shendu Village 1612 659 County 33 – Changxi Village 2811 639 2 bridges 34 – Fue Village 35 – Beian Town 794 307 36 – Zhanqi Village 60 37 - Jiekou Village 600 560 38 – Zhengcun Village 310 2280 39 - Hongqin Village 1520 2023 40 - Hongfei Village 2553 41 - Zhangtan Village 146 42 - Miantan Village 478 43 – Sucun Village 78 44 – Langsi Village 1 bridge 45 – Tianli Village 7500 25 1 bridge 46 – Huaqiao Village 2860 4460 1 bridge Xiuning 47 – Yanjiao Village 8203 County 48 – Yanpu Village 12424 49 - Huangcun Village 1398 2131 50 – Wanxin Village 310 645 2 bridges Yixian 51 – Bishan Village 102030 3193 135
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Village Roads Roads Roads Roads for County/ Project-involved Trunk Connecting within Supplemented Bridge Productive District village Roads Villages Villages with Security Works Operations (m) (m) （m） Facilities (m) County 1 box 52 – Guhuang Village- 1754 4909 1077 culvert 1 bridge 53 – Pingshan Village 3843 1844 211 and 1 box culvert 54 – Miaolin Village 950 1632 55 – Shenchong Village 529 329 5259 1716 56 – Tuanjie Village 2862 911 57 - Huanglong Village 6378 2152.7 58 – Huansha Village 1116 3467 59 – Kengkou Village 3707 2187 1 bridge 60 – Lixi Village 2256 2797 61 – Liudu Village 5530 1895 118 Qimen 62 – Luxi Village 3913 1655 2 bridges County 63 – Lunkeng Village 3425 1560 1480 1584 64 – Mashan Village 1338 1620 60 65 – Penglong Village 3519 3150 255 2 bridges 66 - Taoyuan Village 3848 1435 1035 2 bridges 67 – Xiangtan Village 1826 611 2757 1 bridge t 68 – Zhukou Village 3000 8625 2930 2 bridges
2.3.1.2 Rural water supply and drainage
(1) Water supply projects
The construction content of water supply projects includes water intake project, water purification project, water distribution network project and water resource protection project. The water supply facilities in 37 villages are to be newly constructed or expanded, which results in a new water supply capacity of 6195m3/d and about 267.69km of new water distribution network of pipes. The coverage of water supply is 92% and the degree of reliability is 90%; the quality of water after treatment satisfies the relevant requirements of Drinking Water Sanitary
Standard (GB5749-2006).
(2) Rainwater works
The construction content of rainwater works includes rainwater pipe laying works as well as the renovation and new construction of rainwater ditches. A total of 5.83km of rainwater pipes of d200 ~ d1000 are to be laid and 16.35km of drainage ditches are to be renovated or newly constructed.
(3) Sewage works
The construction content of sewage works includes sewage pipe network works, the construction of sewage treatment facilities as well as river and pond restoration works. A total of
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136.46 km of sewage branch and main pipes as well as service pipes of d100 to d600 are required; 4 places of small and medium-sized biogas digesters as well as 827 places of three-chamber septic tanks are to be newly constructed; 25 sewage treatment stations are to be newly constructed, with a new processing capacity of 1595m3/d; 4 places of municipal sewers; 2 places of contaminated river courses and 1 place of pond are to be restored.
Table 2.3-2 Construction Content of Water Supply and Drainage Facilities in the Project-involved villages Water Supply Works Drainage Works County/ Water Water Rainwater Sewage Village Name Sewage Pipe District Supply Supply Pipe Treatment Network Facilities Network Network Facilities 1 – Xinjiang Village ● ● ● ● Tunxi 2 – Liucun Village ● ● ● District 3 – Waibianxi Village ● ● 4 – Xixi’nan Village 5 – Qiankou Village ● 6 - Kunsha Village ● ● Huizhou 7 – Shuyuan Village ● ● District 8 – Linshan Village ● 9 – Qiashe Village 10 – Fuxi Village 11 – Yangcun Village ● ● 12 – Raocun Village ● ● ● ● 13 – Xingcun Village ● ● ● ● 14 – Guocun Village ● ● ● ● 15 - Longyuan Village ● ● ● ● 16 – Baiguoshu Village ● ● ● ● Huangsha 17 - Chaoyang Village ● ● ● ● n District 18 – Zhongdun Village ● ● ● ● 19 – Shuxi Village ● ● 20 - Longshan Village ● ● ● ● 21 – Xinfeng Village ● ● ● ● ● 22 – Sanhe Village ● ● 23 - Yongfeng Village ● ● ● ● Shexian 24 – Xucun Village ● ● ● ● County 25 – Shitan Village ● ● 26 - Yuliang Village 27 – Wenzhengshan Village ● ● 28 – Baojiazhuang Village 29 – Maihuayu Village 30 – Xiongcun Village ● ● 31 - Tangyue Village 32 – Shendu Village ● ● 33 – Changxi Village ● 34 – Fue Village ● ● 35 – Beian Town 36 – Zhanqi Village 37 - Jiekou Village ● ● ● ● 38 – Zhengcun Village ● 39 - Hongqin Village 40 - Hongfei Village 41 - Zhangtan Village
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Water Supply Works Drainage Works County/ Water Water Rainwater Sewage Village Name Sewage Pipe District Supply Supply Pipe Treatment Network Facilities Network Network Facilities 42 - Miantan Village ● ● ● ● 43 – Sucun Village ● ● ● 44 – Langsi Village ● ● ● ● 45 – Tianli Village ● ● 46 – Huaqiao Village Xiuning 47 – Yanjiao Village ● ● ● ● County 48 – Yanpu Village ● 49 - Huangcun Village 50 – Wanxin Village 51 – Bishan Village 52 – Guhuang Village- Yixian 53 – Pingshan Village County 54 – Miaolin Village ● ● ● ● 55 – Shenchong Village 56 – Tuanjie Village ● 57 - Huanglong Village ● 58 – Huansha Village ● ● ● ● 59 – Kengkou Village ● ● ● 60 – Lixi Village ● ● ● ● 61 – Liudu Village ● ● ● ● Qimen 62 – Luxi Village ● ● ● ● County 63 – Lunkeng Village ● ● ● ● ● 64 – Mashan Village 65 – Penglong Village ● ● ● 66 - Taoyuan Village ● ● ● 67 – Xiangtan Village ● ● 68 – Zhukou Village ● ● ●
2.3.1.3 Small water conservancy facilities
The construction content of small water conservancy facilities mainly includes the creek clear-up works, bank protection works, irrigation canal works, diversion weir works, hilly pond regulation works and irrigation pumping station works, of which, the creek courses to be cleaned up are 48.82 km in length with approximately 275,100 m3 of clear-up, the banks are 51.1 km in length, the irrigation canals are 84.15 km in length, the diversion weirs are of 28 places, the hilly ponds are of 26 places with desilting of 34,513 m3, the irrigation pumping station is of 1 place and the piers are of 9 places.
Table 2.3-3 Construction Content of Small Water Conservancy Facilities in the Project-involved villages Bank Hilly Pond County/ Clear-up Diversion Irrigation Village Name Protection Regulation District Works Weir Works Works Works Works 1 – Xinjiang Village ● ● Tunxi 2 – Liucun Village ● ● ● District 3 – Waibianxi Village Huizhou 4 – Xixi’nan Village ● ● District 5 – Qiankou Village ● ● 6 - Kunsha Village ● ● 7 – Shuyuan Village ● ● ● ●
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Bank Hilly Pond County/ Clear-up Diversion Irrigation Village Name Protection Regulation District Works Weir Works Works Works Works 8 – Linshan Village ● ● 9 – Qiashe Village ● 10 – Fuxi Village ● ● 11 – Yangcun Village ● ● 12 – Raocun Village ● ● ● 13 – Xingcun Village ● ● ● 14 – Guocun Village ● ● 15 - Longyuan Village ● 16 – Baiguoshu Village ● ● ● ● Huangshan 17 - Chaoyang Village ● ● District 18 – Zhongdun Village ● ● ● 19 – Shuxi Village ● ● 20 - Longshan Village ● ● ● 21 – Xinfeng Village ● ● ● 22 – Sanhe Village ● ● 23 - Yongfeng Village ● ● 24 – Xucun Village ● 25 – Shitan Village ● 26 - Yuliang Village 27 – Wenzhengshan Village 28 – Baojiazhuang Village ● 29 – Maihuayu Village 30 – Xiongcun Village ● ● 31 - Tangyue Village ● 32 – Shendu Village Shexian 33 – Changxi Village ● County 34 – Fue Village ● 35 – Beian Town ● ● 36 – Zhanqi Village ● ● 37 - Jiekou Village ● 38 – Zhengcun Village ● 39 - Hongqin Village ● ● ● 40 - Hongfei Village ● ● 41 - Zhangtan Village 42 - Miantan Village 43 – Sucun Village 44 – Langsi Village ● ● 45 – Tianli Village 46 – Huaqiao Village ● ● Xiuning 47 – Yanjiao Village ● County 48 – Yanpu Village 49 - Huangcun Village ● 50 – Wanxin Village ● ● 51 – Bishan Village ● ● ● ● 52 – Guhuang Village- ● ● ● ● Yixian 53 – Pingshan Village ● County 54 – Miaolin Village ● ● ● 55 – Shenchong Village ● ● ● 56 – Tuanjie Village ● ● ● Qimen 57 - Huanglong Village ● ● County 58 – Huansha Village ● ● ● 59 – Kengkou Village ● ● ● 60 – Lixi Village ● 61 – Liudu Village ● ●
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Bank Hilly Pond County/ Clear-up Diversion Irrigation Village Name Protection Regulation District Works Weir Works Works Works Works 62 – Luxi Village ● ● ● ● 63 – Lunkeng Village ● ● ● ● 64 – Mashan Village ● ● ● 65 – Penglong Village ● ● ● ● 66 - Taoyuan Village ● ● 67 – Xiangtan Village ● ● ● 68 – Zhukou Village ●
Table 2.3-4 Basic Information of Hilly Pond Regulation Works Project-involved Area Clear-up Dam Length Dam Height Name village (m2) (m3) (m) (m) Zhongtang Pond 6900 2500 50 5 Litang Pond 1200 690 30 3 Zhongxintang Pond 4400 1500 45 3 2 – Liucun Waiwei Pond 840 600 32 3 Village Lizi Pond 1600 800 45 4 Wunei Pond 1700 720 35 5 Houtou Pond 2600 2000 43 5 Sunjiachong Pond 8000 2500 80 4 12 – Raocun Xiachong Pond 1800 650 50 3 Village Luojiachong Pond 3000 1000 45 3 16 – Baiguoshu Gaolingshan Pond 4000 3750 70 4 Village 18 – Zhongdun Shuijia Pond 2800 3000 50 4 Village Batou Pond 3570 2856 24 – Xucun Fanghuo Pond at the foot of Village 225 135 Sheyingshan Mountain Gutangwu Pond 4000 1250 29 4 49 - Huangcun Zhuyong Pond 4000 1500 48 4 Village Changtang Pond 6000 2250 65 3.5 52 – Guhuang Jiang’ercun Pond 4400 6600 Village Xisan Reservoir 76 3 90m of bank Chahu Pond protection works Small Reservoir at Xinmin 55 – Shenchong 66 3 Group of Villagers Village 125m of Kanghanjingtang Pond at bank 2.0 Xinting Group of Villagers protection works Chengentang Fireproofing 61-Liudu Village 120 180 Pond 62 – Luxi Village Xiakengwu Pond 25 2.5 64-Mashan Shilin Pond 54 32 Village 67 – Xiangtan Dakengdangjia Pond 40 3.5 Village
2.3.1.4 Tourist facilities
The construction content of tourist facilities includes parking lot, public toilet, cultural square,
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greening, tourist reception center, pier, fitness square, cultural activity center and other facilities. The tourist facilities are to be newly constructed in a total of 60 villages. 73 places of public toilets are to be constructed, with a total area of 3200m2. 6 places of cultural are to be constructed, with a total area of 9720m2.13 places of centralized greening are to be implemented, with a total area of 11400m2. 30 places of parking lots are to be constructed, with a total area of 40180m2. 5 places of tourist reception centers are to be constructed; with a total area of 2180m2; 3 places of agritainment are to be constructed, with a building area of 653.4m2. 6 places of piers are to be constructed, with a total length of 470m. 25 fitness squares are to be newly constructed; with a total area of 22080m2; 5 places of cultural activity centers are to be newly constructed, with a total area of 2240m2.
Table 2.3-5 Construction Content of Tourist Ancillary Facilities in the Project-involved villages Public Sports and County/ Parking Tourism Land- Village Name Pier Toilet for Entertainment District Lot Facilities scaping Tourists Facilities 1 – Xinjiang Village ● Tunxi 2 – Liucun Village ● District 3 – Waibianxi Village ● ● ● ● 4 – Xixi’nan Village ● ● ● 5 – Qiankou Village ● 6 - Kunsha Village Huizhou 7 – Shuyuan Village ● ● ● District 8 – Linshan Village ● ● ● 9 – Qiashe Village ● 10 – Fuxi Village 11 – Yangcun Village 12 – Raocun Village ● ● ● ● 13 – Xingcun Village ● ● ● 14 – Guocun Village ● ● ● 15 - Longyuan Village ● 16 – Baiguoshu Village ● Huangshan 17 - Chaoyang Village ● ● ● ● ● District 18 – Zhongdun Village ● ● ● ● 19 – Shuxi Village ● 20 - Longshan Village ● ● ● 21 – Xinfeng Village ● ● ● 22 – Sanhe Village ● ● 23 - Yongfeng Village ● ● Shexian 24 – Xucun Village ● ● ● County 25 – Shitan Village ● ● ● 26 - Yuliang Village ● 27 – Wenzhengshan Village ● ● 28 – Baojiazhuang Village ● 29 – Maihuayu Village ● ● 30 – Xiongcun Village ● 31 - Tangyue Village ● ● 32 – Shendu Village ● 33 – Changxi Village 34 – Fue Village ● ● ● 35 – Beian Town ● 36 – Zhanqi Village ● ●
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Public Sports and County/ Parking Tourism Land- Village Name Pier Toilet for Entertainment District Lot Facilities scaping Tourists Facilities 37 - Jiekou Village ● ● 38 – Zhengcun Village ● 39 - Hongqin Village ● ● 40 - Hongfei Village ● ● 41 - Zhangtan Village ● 42 - Miantan Village ● 43 – Sucun Village ● ● 44 – Langsi Village ● 45 – Tianli Village ● ● ● 46 – Huaqiao Village ● ● ● Xiuning 47 – Yanjiao Village ● ● ● County 48 – Yanpu Village ● ● ● 49 - Huangcun Village ● 50 – Wanxin Village ● ● 51 – Bishan Village ● ● 52 – Guhuang Village- ● ● ● ● Yixian 53 – Pingshan Village County 54 – Miaolin Village ● ● ● 55 – Shenchong Village ● ● 56 – Tuanjie Village ● 57 - Huanglong Village 58 – Huansha Village ● ● 59 – Kengkou Village ● ● 60 – Lixi Village ● ● 61 – Liudu Village ● ● Qimen 62 – Luxi Village ● ● ● County 63 – Lunkeng Village ● ● ● ● 64 – Mashan Village ● ● ● ● 65 – Penglong Village ● ● 66 - Taoyuan Village ● 67 – Xiangtan Village ● ● ● ● 68 – Zhukou Village
2.3.2 Protection and Utilization of Cultural Resource
The ancient building restoration and utilization involve 40 villages, with a total of 137 ancient buildings to be protected and two ancient bridges (the Old Bridge (Gushen Bridge) in Xixinan Village of Huizhou District and Fulai Bridge in Wanxin Village of Xiuning County) to be repaired. Among them, 4 buildings are sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the level of state, 6 buildings are at the level of provinces and 74 buildings are at the level of cities/counties, totaling 84 cultural resource sites to be protected at various levels. The works of Huizhou Style restoration involve 15 villages, with 292 uncoordinated buildings to be rectified.
The following four measures are adopted for the conservation of intangible cultural resource: rescuing conservation, enabling conservation, productive conservation and utilization and integrated conservation and utilization. There are 16 villages involved in the intangible cultural resource conservation, including the construction of the skill training school, carrying out craft inheriting activities, inviting inheritors to give lessons, organizing performances, etc.
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2.3.3 Specialty industries
The construction content of specialty agriculture includes building industry bases for specialty agriculture, trading market for agricultural products. Among them, trading markets for agricultural products and tourist products with a building area of 12862 m2 are to be newly constructed in the 13 villages. The industry bases for specialty agriculture involves 28 villages with a total area of 12,377 mu, the categories of which include traditional Chinese medicine, Vegetable, aquatic product, tea, rape, flower and plant, fruit tree, nursery stock and CV.Ventricousinternode, which contains the Qishu base construction project of Lixi village involves reconstructing partial barren land into garden plot (area of about 40 mu), construct the ecological organic tea garden base of Shitai village involves 200 mu barren slope reconstruction of tea garden, bamboo base of Xinfeng village involves 212 mu barren reconstruction of forest land, the nursery stock base project of Yongfeng village involves 300 barren land which is reconstructed as the forest land. The barren hill afforestation project of Yongfeng village involves 2447 mu barren land afforestation. According to Letter on Pre-trial Comment for the Anhui Huangshan New Village Construction Demonstration Project Land Financed by WB Huangshan Natural Land Resource Bureau, the project land meets the national land supply policy and General Plan for Huangshan land Utilization (2006-2020). As the plantation of trees and bamboos will only use indigenousd specieis with a small area of ~200 hecares scattered in differnet villages, it will not have impacts on the health and quality of forests, nor affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests, nor aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forest or plantations.
Main activity contents of agricultural industry project supported by this project cover: site leveling, trimming for field operation footpath and drain ditch; increase such water-saving irrigation system as sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation; take such pest control measures as solar killing lamp and sticky armyworm board; perform the soil testing and formulated fertilization; develop the certification for organic food and pollution-free food; purchase the sprouts for flowers and plants nursery stock and horticultural machineries.
2.3.4 Capacity building
The capacity building project includes 17 projects of 6 categories, namely planning, major topic research, ability training, consulting, platform construction and promotion.
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2.3.5 Total Financing
Total planned investment of this project is estimated at RMB 917.66 million Yuan.
The financing sources of the Project are WB loan and local counterpart financing, of which, the WB loan is 100 million CNY and the rest is local counterpart financing.
2.4 Construction schemes
2.4.1 Rural Infrastructure construction
2.4.1.1 Rural roads and ancillary facilities
(1) Roads
According to the requirements of Standards for Beautiful Countryside Construction in Anhui Province (Trial) published in 2012, the route selection should conform to the terrain, make full use of existing rural roads, avoid adverse engineering geological conditions such as sites with potential geological disasters and reasonably determine the width of the roads according to the traffic demand. Most of the road works are of rehibilitation and improvment; the routes of roads are consistent with the existing ones except for very few ones to be determined separately. The width of roads will be determined according to the traffic demand as well as in combination with the present actual situation; the roads are single-lane rural highways with a width not greater than 4.5 m generally. The spacing for passing tracks is generally set at 300-600 m, which should be in accordance with the relevant conditions.
The longitudinal slope of roads of rehibilitation and improvment is basically the same with the status quo; under normal circumstances, the gradient should be controlled below 5% and not above 9% in exceptional circumstances so as to facilitate traffic safety; the gradient of roads newly constructed should not be greater than 4%.
In recent years, cement concrete pavement, the general construction techniques of which are mastered by many peasants, is widely used in the construction of Village-to-Village Projects; moreover, the investment is moderate and the demand upon construction machinery is not strict; therefore, it is recommended that cement concrete be adopted for the main pavement structure. Because roads within villages (laneways) are generally for pedestrians, the technique of cement concrete pavement can be used. As for the pavement of streets and alleys with historic and cultural characteristics, the traditional building materials (flagstones commonly) should be used.
As for the road construction works, grass planting, mortarless slabstones, mortar slabstones are
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mainly used for the subgrade slope protection; masonry retaining walls are mainly used for erosion protection for the road construction works along the rivers. Surface drainage is adopted for road drainage generally, and drainage ditches are set as required. As for the roads constructed near mountains and along rivers, the outside should be set with protection facilities, the sharp bends should be set with reinforced concrete crash barriers and the ordinary road sections should be set with reinforced concrete warning piles as required. As for the sharp bends with visibility range not enough, convex mirrors should be set.
(2) Bridges
The project involves medium and small bridges as well as culverts. As for the small and medium-sized span bridges, steel, concrete and steel-concrete composite structure can be used according to the structural materials generally. Compared with concrete structure, steel structure is with the characteristics of high strength, light deadweight, strong spanning capability and low structural height, thus it is with a high adaptability to the bridge construction; however, because of its relatively high construction cost and coating protection for several times in the late maintenance period, the total expenses are relatively high. Therefore, the application of steel structure is generally to be avoided. This project will maximize the use of standardized concrete structure. As for the vast majority of bridges, the economic and practical simply supported slab structures are recommended; the precast slabs with standard spans should be adopted as possible and the cast-in-place simply supported plate girders can be used when conditions do not allow. The arch structure is recommended for the small number of bridges with small scale and high landscape requirements.
As for the bridges only for pedestrians, the section width of 2.5m-3.5m can be adopted according to the population and traffic flow; as for the brides for production and living with the traffic capacity of agricultural vehicles, the overall width should not be less than 4.0m; as for the important bridges open to traffic, the needs of one-way traffic of medium-sized vehicles should be satisfied at least and the width should not be less than 5.0 m.
2.4.1.2 Rural water supply and drainage
(1) Water supply works
The water demand forecast is carried out by selecting the appropriate indicators of water consumption according to the regional master plan and the positioning of the towns and townships as well as the careful analysis of the rural status quo, including the size of population, water supply situation, economic development level and other factors. The water supply mode, water source and water plant scale of each town/township are determined according to the
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analysis of water consumption, location, situation of surface water and groundwater as well as the water supply of the surrounding areas of each village; the treatment process and parameters are selected reasonably according to the water source quality; Then, the construction schemes of water supply and distribution system in each village will be finalized after the locations of water intaking points and water plants are further analyzed and clarified by considering and making full use of the existing water supply facilities. Meanwhile, the targeted water conservation measures are also to be proposed.
Relying on the existing water plants of the towns, the pipe networks surrounding the towns are to be extended according to the actual situation of the villages selected, so as to form a contiguous centralized water supply system gradually and achieve the integration of urban and rural water supply. In the hilly areas, the centralized water supply projects of appropriate scale in villages or single village will be constructed by using reservoirs and other existing water source projects. In the sparsely populated mountain areas and other places, small water supply works are to be constructed in the forms of conducting water from small reservoirs, conducting mountain spring water, digging wells, etc.
(2) Drainage works a. Pollution source transformation
Rural sewage mainly consists of black water (fecal sewage) and gray water (bath, laundry and kitchen sewage, etc.); the rural sewage collection and treatment must start from the source transformation, which is in the form of three-chamber septic tanks and biogas digesters. b. Mode of sewage treatment system
In combination with the findings of site surveys and investigation, in order to maximize the collection and treatment of sewage, reduce pollutant emissions, protect water sources, ancient villages and buildings and minimize the impact of construction on the villages, the four modes of sewage treatment system are summarized according to the actual situation: 1) septic tanks (biogas digesters) + separate system pipe network + centralized sewage treatment, 2) septic tanks (biogas digesters) + interception pipe network + centralized sewage treatment, 3) septic tanks (biogas digesters) + restoration of river ecology, 4) septic tanks (digesters) + municipal sewers. c. Rural sewage treatment process
The technical and economic foundations in rural areas are weak and there is a lack of adequate funding and professional technical management personnel; therefore, the mode of urban sewage
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treatment can not be copied or applied indiscriminately for rural sewage treatment and scientific decisions should be made in combination with the actual situation of rural areas and the characteristics of domestic sewage. After analyzing the characteristics and applicable conditions of each treatment process, the specific sewage treatment processes to be adopted in the project-involved villages are determined, which are mainly oxidation pond (stabilization pond) process, constructed wetland, land penetration, solar oligodynamic processing system and restoration of river ecology.
2.4.1.3 Small water conservancy facilities (1) Channel revetment
Channel revetment works are the engineering measures taken to protect the creek embankment from water, wind and wave erosion, which can be divided into dry stone revetment, masonry revetment, ecological concrete block revetment and sod revetment mainly by the types of structural materials. Different design programs can be adopted according to the different situation of river channel revetment in each project-involved village and special programs can be adopted for special circumstances.
(2) creek course clear-up
There are a lot of methods for creek course clear-up, which can be divided into three programs mainly, namely manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning and sludge-clearing machine cleaning; different programs can be adopted according to the different situation of river course in each project-involved village.
(3) Diversion weirs
The weir diversion will be financed by the project. The catchment works are constructed to ensure the agricultural irrigation and residential water; the low-head weirs, to be constructed on the soft ground of river by selecting favorable river regime and using effective catchment conditions according to certain design standards, will bring together the runoff of natural rainfall and raise the water level by 1-2 meters.
The main types of diversion weirs are permanent weirs, rubber weirs, shutter weirb and hydraulic elevator weirs. Different programs can be adopted according to the different situation of each project-involved village so as to achieve the optimum efficiency. The reinforcement of diversion weirs in some villages can be designed according to different situation of each village.
(4) Irrigation canal works
As for the irrigation canal with section greater than 0.3m × 0.33m, the sidewall should be constructed by using M10 grouted rubbles and the bottom should be poured by using C20 plain
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concrete; as for the irrigation canal with section less than 0.3m × 0.33m, the whole section should be poured by C20 plain concrete by a thickness of 80mm; as for the irrigation canal with width greater than 2m, only the masonry revetment should be constructed at both sides and the bottom can be left untreated according to the geological conditions of the canal. Some of the villages involve the repair of U-shaped groove irrigation canals, which should be reinforced by using rubbles and plain concrete to prevent damage and water leakage, so as to achieve the purpose of repair.
(5) Hilly pond regulation works a. Hilly pond dredging
Because most of the hilly ponds in the villages are lying in the intermountain depression and few of them are with tractor roads, the mechanical equipment is not applicable and dredging by manpower is extremely difficult; therefore, sludge-clearing machines are generally adopted. After draining the ponds, hydraulic giant will be used to stir the sludge into mash, which will be extracted by sludge-clearing machines so as to achieve the purpose of dredging. b. farm Pond rehabilitation
The farm pond rehabilitation includes the following aspects: the upstream face of dam – the frequent changes in the water level cause serious erosion to the dam, therefore, hard revetment should be adopted for the upstream areas with frequent changes in water level; the downstream face of dam – surface erosion due to rain cause the downstream face being hollowed, therefore, drains should be set at the foot of the downstream slope to divert the water and sod revetment should be adopted for the dam body; dam reinforcement – damaged dam body should be reinforced with clay and rolled to compaction in order to achieve the goal of anti-leakage; additional water release pipes are set and controlled with regulating valves for better irrigation services; additional spillways are set for ponds with relatively large catchment areas so as to guarantee the safety of ponds.
2.4.1.4 Small ancillary facilities
(1) Public toilet for tourists
Public toilets are to be constructed in the newly built squares, parking lots, tourist attractions and other densely populated areas. The shape and color of the public toilets should be in harmony with the surrounding environment and architecture; the public toilets should be water flushing type; mountains and remote locations should be equipped with ecological toilets; the ground should be of skid prevention; barrier-free lavatories should be designed. Mobile public toilets
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should be adopted in the areas with difficulties in toilet construction.
(2) Parking lot
The construction of ecological parking lot means planting trees and other green plants in the motor vehicle parking lots to form a certain shade and applying permeable paving materials on the ground, so as to make the parking lots with shade affording, cooling and other ecological effects; the greening construction and paving are the two highlights.
Paving: the appropriate paving materials for ecological parking lots are grassed bricks, permeable color stones, super grassed floor, porous asphalt, etc.
Greening construction: greening design must be on the basis of meeting the parking demand. Taking parking space layout, size and location of parking lot and other factors into consideration, the following greening modes for ecological parking lot are designed.
(3) Tourist reception center
The space, proportion, symbol and colors, mainly of Huizhou architectural style, should be in harmony with the surrounding landscape. Huizhou architectural style should be achieved by adopting modern construction methods, local materials and local techniques.
(4) Village landscaping
Landscaping: the concept of landscaping should be introduced to the village landscape renovation, e.g. in the choice of tree species, the production function should be taken as an important indicator, and the method of highly close planting and intermediate cutting should be adopted to achieve the unity of landscape and production, or the fruit trees with high ornamental value should be planted as landscaping trees.
Coordination: the essence of traditional culture should be absorbed in the process of landscape renovation so as to form distinctive village landscapes in harmony with the surrounding landscape.
(5) Sports and entertainment facilities
Brick, stone, wood, grass and other materials with local features should be adopted for the pavement of public places, such as activity square for villagers, fitness space and sidewalk; the practices should be natural and excessive pavement should be avoided.
2.4.2 Cultural resource protection and utilization
In-depth development of cultural resource should be carried out; the architectural features
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should be enhanced and the architectural style should be continued; appropriate techniques should be applied; sites should be reported for protection for their historical and cultural value. The potential of cultural tourism should be worked out and the competitiveness of tourism market should be enhanced in combination with the tourism industry of Huangshan City.
2.4.2.1 Physical cultural resource protection and utilization
(1) Project selection and recognition
The project inclusion criteria should be developed and the buildings and projects selected for restoration must get the recognition of the following aspects: the Committee of Experts, the municipal cultural relics department and the village meeting.
(2) Selecting the appropriate technical measures
Before the maintenance of ancient buildings, the method of damage survey should be used to find out the current situation and the damage, incompletion and causes of the load-bearing structure and related works and the reasonable repair program should be developed. The specific protection and remedy measures include ground maintenance, drainage system maintenance, wooden pillars, beams repair and reinforcement, roof tile maintenance, wall repair, anticorrosion, termite control, etc.
(3) In-depth development and utilization of ancient buildings a. Enhancement of the function of ancient buildings: under the premise of following the principle of "focusing on protection, rescue coming first, utilizing rationally, strengthening management", the features inside the building and living facilities, especially the bathroom, should be transformed by maintaining the traditional style, reflecting the characteristics of the times, rationally organizing modern life flows, modernizing the energy use and meeting the needs of the development of living. b. Development of the social function and economic benefits of culture: the utilization of ancient buildings should be on the basis of the principle of ancient architecture protection and in combination with the overall planning and tourism planning of the villages; the industry forms should be determined according to different traffic environments, architectural forms and humanistic values: specified category (public use): villagers committee, tourist reception center, cultural continuity facilities, community culture, sports facilities, tourist attractions; guided category (collective or individual operating): cultural leisure facilities, cultural facilities of
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specialty craft, facilities of agricultural sightseeing and experience activities, tourism and commercial facilities; limited and prohibited categories: western-style food/fast food facilities, supermarkets and other shopping facilities, large and medium-sized hotel facilities.
(4) Huizhou Style restoration
The works are of style upgrading, which will be carried out on part of the existing modern walls and roof boards. During the construction, practical measures should be taken to strengthen the safety of the original structure; before the construction, the details of original structures must be found out in advance; a viable construction schemes should be developed; site command should be conducted by technical personnel to ensure that the original structure will not be damaged and the construction is carried out safely.
2.4.2.2 Intangible cultural resource protection and utilization
First of all, for the intangible cultural resource in danger of disappearing, the four-level system should be created, the general investigation should be adopted, collating sort should be carried out, files should be established and intangible cultural resource lists at all levels should be actively applied for. In addition, data can be sorted and compiled to text or book for publication and protection by recording should be carried out.
Secondly, intangible cultural resource base should be established actively and the inheritors should be invited to give lessons, so more inheritors will be cultivated; as for those traditional handicrafts and folk art still with vitality and potential for development, rational development and productive protection should be carried out.
Thirdly, policy support should be strengthened; it is recommended that the cultural department take the lead in the development of detailed regulations for intangible cultural resource management and operation, which should be managed and supervised by specialized departments and personnel.
In the practice of the rescue and protection of the intangible cultural resource, not only the correct principles and concepts of protection and utilization are adhered to, but also attention is paid to the regular pattern exploration and experience accumulation in the work of intangible cultural resource protection and utilization in Huangshan City; the following four measures are taken according to the actual situation of various types of intangible cultural resource: rescuing conservation, enabling conservation, productive conservation and utilization and integrated conservation and utilization.
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2.4.3 Specialty industries
2.4.3.1 Rural tourism
(1) Merging into the tourism pattern of Huangshan
The overall spatial layout of rural tourism in Huangshan City is the pattern of “three groups, four poles, six axes and multiple zones”, which forms the development path of “being driven by groups, actuated by poles, linked by axes and activated by zones” eventually, so as to promote Huangshan rural tourism to evolve from the single scatter layout to the cluster and network layout.
(2) The construction of differentiated characteristics of rural tourism
The historic villages in the project can be divided into the following types according to the core resources and utilization mode in different villages:
Theme tour type: ancient dwelling sightseeing, historic site sightseeing, featured villages sightseeing and rurality sightseeing;
Cultural experience type: the ancient villages with historic sites and fengshui habitat of Huizhou style; Leisure resort type: the ancient villages with health preserving and natural landscape as highlights;
Specialty type: Photographing and field trips, drawing and sketching, shopping for featured products, independent travel and adventure travel. Cultural creativity type: the ancient villages with artistic creation as well as film and television shooting as highlights;
(3) Rural tourism association
The establishment of rural tourism association will be supported in the villages with advantage of tourism resources according to the actual situation of tourism resources of the 68 villages. Seven villages (namely, Shitan Village, Xingcun Village, Waibianxi Village, Xixi’nan Village, Yanpu Village, Miaolin Village and Huansha Village) are the selected, which are relatively abundant in tourism resources and can represent one type of village respectively. Certain funds will be granted to the rural tourism association in each village for the establishment of association, purchase of office equipment and training of members of association. The associations will be mainly set in the village committees and the existing ancient buildings.
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2.4.3.2 Specialty agriculture
(1) Rural characteristic brand development technique: suitable mode of operation
There are a lot of specialty industries and products in Huangshan City, but the scale and branding are to be enlarged; each village has a number of agricultural products of small scale and self-sufficiency and most of the village have not yet formed the industries and products of their own characteristics. Therefore, the technical route of “highlighting the features, finding solutions appropriate to the local conditions, giving prominence to one product in one village, developing in differentiated ways” is put forward. A number of high-quality specialty agricultural bases of tea, bamboo and timber, camellia oleifera, fruits and Vegetables, Chinese medicinal plants, sericulture mulberry silkworm, flowers, flowers and seedlings and characteristic aquiculture will be constructed or improved according to the characteristics of each project-involved village. Brand strategy will be developed to form brand advantages by the promoting effect of the leading companies, so that the income of villagers can be increased.
(2) Stable income increase and generation techniques for peasants: ecological and organic agriculture
Safe, ecological and organic agricultural products will become an increasingly important demand of consumers; the rapid development of ecological and organic agriculture through the rational planning and scientific integration, adoption of bioinsecticidal techniques (such as solar power insect-killing lamp and yellow sticky trap) as well as the application of organic fertilizer can improve the added value of agricultural products and the income of peasants.
2.5 Planning on progress of the works
The construction period is primarily arranged as follows:
By July 2013, the project approval procedures at home and abroad should have been completed;
From July 2013 to September 2013, the project survey and design should be completed;
By October 2013, the public tender for project supervision and construction should have been completed;
From November 2013 to July 2018, all the projects should be completed.
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3 Environmental Profile
3.1 Natural environment
3.1.1 Terrain and landform
Huangshan City, at longitude 117° 117' -118° 2' east and latitude 29° 29' - 30° 4' north, is situated in the south of Anhui Province, bordered on Jiangxi Province in the east and Zhejiang Province in the south, and lying adjacent to Chizhou City in the west and Xuancheng City in the north. Huangshan City has jurisdiction over three districts (Tunxi, Huizhou, and Huangshan), four counties (Shexian, Xiuning, Yixian and Qimen) and Huangshan Scenic Zone, with a total area of 9,807 square kilometers. Huangshan City is a typical hilly area with medium and low hills. There are towering peaks, swelling hills, interlaced ridges and valleys; mountains, valleys, basins and plains are gathering here with clear waves and streams as well as lush trees and grass, just like a landscape painting. Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan Mountain Range are the natural boundary ridges of Huangshan City and the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangxi. The world-famous Huangshan Mountain, lying across Shexian County, Huangshan District, Xiuning County and Yixian County, with the highest peak - Lotus Peak - of 1860m in elevation, is a picturesque resort.
3.1.2 Meteorological conditions and climate
Huangshan City, located in the subtropical monsoon region and belonging to the humid monsoon climate, is characterized by the mild climate with a lot of rain and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 15-16 °C and the frost-free period is of 236 days; the most areas are without cold winter. The average annual precipitation is 1760 mm and the peak precipitation is up to 2708 mm. It is rich in water resources with precipitation concentrated in
May-July.
3.1.3 Hydrological characteristics of rivers
Huangshan Mountain Range stretches from northeast to southwest across Huangshan City, and divides it into the two slopes facing north and south as well as the drainage areas of Qiantang River and Yangtze River, the areas of which are 5614.6 square kilometers and 4192.4 square kilometers, accounting for 57.3% and 42.7% of the total area of the City respectively. There are three major water systems. In the south slope area, there are Xin'anjiang River Water System
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flowing southeast and Poyang Lake Water System flowing southwest; in the north slope area, there is Qingyijiang River Water System flowing north. The water system map of Huangshan
City is shown in Figure 3.1-1.
(1) Xin’anjiang River Water System. The total length of the main stream of Xin’anjiang River in the City is 242.3 kilometers. There are 76 tributaries with a length of 10 km and above, the total length of which is 2405.98 km; there are 606 tributaries with a length below 10 km, the total length of which is 2033.8 km; the drainage density ranks first in the Province. The drainage area of Xin’anjiang River in the City is 5545 square kilometers, of which, the area in Yixian County is 433.0 square kilometers, the area in Xiuning County is 1956.4 square kilometers, the area in Tunxi District is 248.9 square kilometers, the area in Huizhou District is 423.8 square kilometers, the area in Qimen County is 121.1 square kilometers, the area in Shexian County is 2236.2 square kilometers, the area in Huangshan District is 125.6 square kilometers. Its main tributaries are Shuaishui River and Hengjiang River.
(2) Poyang Lake Water System. The rivers belonging to Poyang Lake Water System in the City are Changjiang River in Qimen County and Leanjiang River in Xiuning County, the drainage areas of which are 1914.6 square kilometers and 61.3 square kilometers respectively.
(3) Qingyijiang River Water System. The drainage area of Qingyijiang River in the City is 2029.2 square kilometers, of which, the area in Huangshan District is 1581.2 square kilometers, the area in Yixian County is 414.0 square kilometers and the area in Qimen County is 34.0 square kilometers.
3.2 Ecological environment
Huangshan City, lying at the southernmost end in Anhui Province, is mainly with the landform types of medium and low mountains and hills; the terrain is cauldron-shaped depression; Xiuning-Tunxi Basin, Huizhou-Shexian Basin and Yixian County Basin are formed by the fault basins in the drainage areas of Xin'anjiang River, Hengjiang River, Shuaishui River and Lianjiang River after erosion; a series of small river valleys, plains, intermountain basins are alternated. Forestry land is the major type of land with relatively few human activities, and the overall ecological environment is well conserved.
3.2.1 Soil
Most of medium and low mountains in Huangshan City are with yellow soil and mountain
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yellow brown soil; the thick soil with relatively high content of stones and gravel, good permeability and ventilation performance as well as high fertility is conducive to the growth of wood, tea, mulberry and herbs. The hilly areas are with red soil and purple soil, which are viscous, acid and poor in fertility, but the light and heat conditions are good and suitable for the growth of oak, pine and camellia oleifera; the piedmont basins and plain valleys are mainly with sandy loam and both sides of rivers and creeks are with alluvial soil, which are suitable for agricultural cultivation.
3.2.2 Vegetation
According to the classification of The Vegetation of China, the natural vegetation in Huangshan region belongs to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone - the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone - southern sub-zone of middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone - the three rivers valley, Castanopsis and Schima superba forest, limestone vegetation region.
Huangshan City belongs to the Southern Anhui hilly vegetation region with significant differences in horizontal and vertical zonality of vegetation; the native natural vegetation has been largely replaced by the secondary and artificial vegetation; except for a small amount of original broad-leaved forest and alpine meadow in the steep medium mountains, the north-central low mountains and hills and intermountain valleys and basins are all covered with secondary vegetation and artificially propagated fir, Phyllostachys pubescens, camellia oleifera, mulberry, fruit trees, tea and other artificial vegetation. The areas in the north of Huangshan Mountain Range are mainly with evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; the areas in the south are mainly with secondary evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and ravine evergreen forest. The majority of shrubs are of secondary vegetation type.
Vertical distribution: the hilly areas with an altitude of 400 m below are the cultivation belts mainly planted with chinar, poplar, locust, willow, camphor tree, ginkgo and other trees, redpine and fir plantation, tung tree, camellia oleifera and other production forests, tea, mulberry, fruits, ramie and other cash crops and bamboos.
The areas with an altitude of 400-700 m are mainly planted with fir, redpine, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys propinqua, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Euptelea pleiospermum, Liquidamba formosana Hance, Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and other timber trees as well
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as Litsea cubeba, Torreya grandis, Actinidia chinensis Planch, and other economic species; the areas with an altitude of 700-1000 m are mainly planted with redpine, Sawtooth oak, cork oak, Castanea henryi, Castanopsis Sclperophylla, flowers, Quercus glauca, Zelkova schneideriana, Actinidia chinensis Planch, etc.
The areas with an altitude of 1000-1300m are mainly planted with Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, Pseudotsuga gaussenii, fagus, Rhododendron anhweiense, Beech, Huangshan azalea, Actinidia chinensis Planch, etc.; the areas with an altitude of 1300-1600 m are mainly planted with Euonymus alatus, Buxus sinica, Rhododendron shanii, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, Indocalamus latifolius, Magnolia parviflora, etc.
The wild plant resources are abundant, which are mainly Castanea henryi, chestnut, fern root, various types of acorns, waxberry, hawthorn, rose, strawberry, sweet-scented osmanthus, murraya jasminorage, wild rose, Magnolia denudata, cinnamon, balansa arisaema rhizome, oak, robur, etc.
The majority of project-involved villages are with long history and rich cultural resource; old trees, as the symbols of history, are protected and respected by the local residents, so there are a certain number of old and valuable trees in many villages (Huansha Village, Lixi Village, Shenchong Village and Lunkeng Village mainly), including ginkgo, camphor, sweet-scented osmanthus, sweet gum, Phoebe nanmu, etc. with ages ranging from 100 to 1000 years.
Old gingko trees in Huansha Village (800 years old) Old camphor trees in Lixi Village (about 500 years old)
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Phoebe nanmu (Oliv.) Gamble in Luxi Village (260 years old) Maple trees in Luxi Village (180 years old)
3.2.3 Wildlife
According to the preliminary statistics, there are 429 species of wild vertebrates in Huangshan City (accounting for 66% of the total 742 species in the Province), including 65 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 20 species of amphibians, 38 species of reptiles, 135 species of fishes, among which nearly 30 species are listed as key national preserved animals. The works included in the project are located in the villages or near the village areas with frequent human activities, intensified development and little wildlife activities; the main activity areas of widelife are the mountains and forests far away from the villages.
According to the site surveys and visits to local residents and forestry management department, the wild animals can be found occasionally near the areas directly affected by the Project are mainly reptiles (small lizards and snakes (Agkistrodon halys and Ancistrodon acutus)) and small mammals (rodents, hares and wild boars); besides, there are some birds of the order Galliformes and common birds such as barn swallows and sparrows.
3.2.4 Present Land Use
Huangshan City is with a total land area of 967,884 hectares, including 894,330 hectares of agricultural land, accounting for 92.40% of the total land area, 46,889 hectares of construction land, accounting for 4.84% of the total land area and 26,665 hectares of unused land, accounting for 2.75% of the total land area.
As for the agricultural land, 63,372 hectares are arable land, accounting for 6.55% of the total land area, 78,890 hectares are garden plot, accounting for 8.15% of the total land area, 722,203 hectares are forest land, accounting for 74.62% of the total land area, 4,959 hectares are grassland, accounting for 0.51% of the total land area and 24,906 hectares are other agricultural land, accounting for 2.57% of the total land area.
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The land use status of Huangshan City is shown in Table 3.2-2.
Table 3.2-2 List of the Land Use Status in Huangshan City Land type Area (ha) % of total land area Arable land 63371.82 6.55% Garden plot 78889.70 8.15% Agricultural Forestland 722203.00 74.62% land Grassland 4959.49 0.51% Other agricultural land 24906.11 2.57% Total 894330.13 92.40% Urban land 2574.73 0.27% Urban and Town land 2703.77 0.28% rural Rural residential land 13450.35 1.39% construction Independent mining 2327.29 0.24% land land Subtotal 21056.15 2.18% Construction Land for Land for land 4464.09 0.46% transportation, transportation Land for water water 8811.08 0.91% conservation conservancy and other Land for special 12557.31 1.30% construction purposes; saltern purposes Subtotal 25832.48 2.67% Total 46888.63 4.84% Unused land 11731.16 1.21% Unused land Other land 14934.00 1.54% Total 26665.16 2.75% Total 967883.91 100.00%
3.3 Status of regional environmental quality
3.3.1 Water Environmental Quality
The construction sites of the Project are distributed in 68 villages in the three districts and four counties of Huangshan City; the water quality environmental background of the project area is to be reflected by the routine monitoring data of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and drinking water source of Huangshan City in 2011.
Rivers: 8 monitoring sections are set by Huangshan Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station at the main stream and tributaries of Xin’anjiang River, which are Shuaishui River Bridge, Hengjiang River Bridge, Huangkou Crossing, Huangdun, Pukou, Kengkou, Jiekou and Xinguan respectively; the routine monitoring data in 2011 are shown in Table 3.3-1. The monitoring results show that all the monitoring indicators at each section have reached or exceeded Grade III of Standard of Surface Water Environmental Quality and the water quality is in an excellent condition.
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Table 3.3-1 Routine Monitoring Data of River Water Quality of Huangshan City in 2011 Biochemical Ammonia Total River Section Monitoring Permanganate Oxygen pH Nitrogen Phosphorus Name Name Date Index (mg/L) Demand (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Yangzhi Xinguan 7.76 3.40 2L 0.381 0.090 River Xin’anjiang Huangkou 7.95 2.20 2L 0.157 0.060 River Xin’anjiang Huangdun 7.66 2.30 2.00 0.146 0.050 River Xin’anjiang Kengkou 8.01 3.00 2.00 0.235 0.040 River Xin’anjiang Jiekou June 1 7.50 3.20 2L 0.158 0.050 River Shuaishui Shuaishui River 7.53 3.40 2L 0.126 0.040 River Bridge Hengjiang Hengjiang River 8.90 2.00 2L 0.187 0.060 River Bridge Lianjiang Pukou 8.20 2.80 2.20 0.130 0.060 River Yangzhi Xinguan 7.44 1.30 2L 0.375 0.120 River Xin’anjiang Huangkou 7.88 2.30 2L 0.152 0.070 River Xin’anjiang Huangdun 7.54 1.50 2L 0.192 0.100 River Xin’anjiang Kengkou 7.37 2.60 2L 0.174 0.060 River Xin’anjiang September Jiekou 7.28 2.00 2L 0.248 0.040 River 1 Shuaishui Shuaishui River 7.14 0.60 2L 0.127 0.050 River Bridge Hengjiang Hengjiang River 8.49 1.60 2L 0.156 0.040 River Bridge Lianjiang Pukou 7.77 1.80 2L 0.362 0.190 River Yangzhi Xinguan December 1 8.38 1.90 2L 0.097 0.030 River Xin’anjiang Huangkou 7.91 1.90 2L 0.270 0.050 River Xin’anjiang Huangdun 8.04 1.80 2L 0.328 0.080 River Xin’anjiang Kengkou 8.00 1.90 2L 0.124 0.050 River
Xin’anjiang Jiekou 7.66 1.40 2L 0.059 0.020 - 46 -
Biochemical Ammonia Total River Section Monitoring Permanganate Oxygen pH Nitrogen Phosphorus Name Name Date Index (mg/L) Demand (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) River Shuaishui Shuaishui River 8.14 1.70 2L 0.408 0.110 River Bridge Hengjiang Hengjiang River 8.72 1.80 2L 0.042 0.020 River Bridge Lianjiang Pukou 7.90 2.00 2L 0.383 0.070 River
Lakes and reservoirs: 3 monitoring sites are set by Huangshan Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station at Taiping Lake, which are under the Taiping Lake Bridge, at the mid-lake pier, under the power line at Yejiawan respectively; the routine monitoring data in 2011 are shown in Table 3.3-2. The monitoring results show that all the monitoring indicators at each sites have reached Grade III of Standard of Surface Water Environmental Quality and the water quality is in a good condition.
Table 3.3-2 Monitoring Data of Taiping Lake Water Quality in 2011 Name of Dissolved Ammonia Oil Total Monitoring Permanganate Pollutant Monitoring pH Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Date Index (mg/L) (mg/L) Site (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) June 1 8.58 8.80 1.90 0.062 0.05L 0.040 Mid-lake September 1 8.12 7.90 2.00 0.048 0.05L 0.020 December 1 7.60 9.80 2.00 0.058 0.05L 0.030 June 1 8.98 8.60 1.70 0.048 0.05L 0.040 Under the power line September 1 8.12 8.50 1.80 0.043 0.05L 0.020 December 1 7.47 9.80 1.70 0.047 0.05L 0.030 June 1 8.97 8.70 1.90 0.067 0.05L 0.050 Under the Bridge September 1 8.36 7.90 1.70 0.046 0.05L 0.030 December 1 7.67 9.00 1.90 0.056 0.05L 0.030
Source of drinking water: Huangshan Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station has carried out monitoring on the water quality of the 8 centralized water sources of Tunxi No. 1 Water Plant, Tunxi No. 2 Water Plant, Huizhou District Water Plant, Huangshan District Water Plant, Yixian County Water Plant, Xiuning County Water Plant, Qimen County Water Plant and Shexian County Water Plant; the routine monitoring data in 2011 are shown in Table 3.3-3. The monitoring results show that the water quality of each centralized drinking water source is good and the qualified rate of water quality of the sources of drinking water for the whole year of the City is 100%.
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Table 3.3-3 Monitoring Data of Source Water Quality of the Districts and Counties of Huangshan City in 2011 Ammonia Total Name of Sampling pH Permanganate BOD Nitrogen Phosphorus 5 Water Source Time (nondimensional) Index (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) February 10 7.88 3.10 0.690 0.090 1 Tunxi No. 1 May 4 8.44 3.8 0.567 0.04 1 Water Plant August 1 8.12 0.8 0.125 0.03 1 December 1 8.72 1.8 0.042 0.02 1 February 10 7.57 1.90 0.546 0.080 2.6 Tunxi No. 2 May 4 7.92 2.2 0.33 0.05 1 Water Plant August 1 7.66 0.9 0.174 0.02 1 December 1 8.14 1.7 0.408 0.11 1 Huizhou March 1 7.86 1.8 0.174 0.04 1 District Water May 4 6.9 2.7 0.342 0.06 1 August 1 8.23 2.4 0.104 0.04 1 Plant December 1 8.16 1.6 0.078 0.03 1 Huangshan March 1 7.47 2.5 0.667 0.09 1 May 3 7.74 2.3 0.469 0.088 1 District Water August 1 7.78 2.9 0.509 0.095 1 Plant December 1 7.51 2.7 0.45 0.08 1 March 1 8.24 1.4 0.078 0.06 - Qimen County April 12 7.12 1.4 0.117 0.05 - Water Plant July 27 7.98 1.2 0.07 0.04 - November 15 8.56 0.9 0.031 0.03 - March 1 8.16 1.4 0.183 0.05 - Xiuning May 26 8.22 2 0.112 0.04 - County Water August 3 7.46 1.6 0.081 0.03 - Plant November 4 7.47 1.1 0.103 0.02 - April 1 8.28 2.3 0.077 0.03 - Shexian August 16 8.2 1.8 0.128 0.03 - County Water November 1 7.99 2 0.034 0.04 - Plant November 4 8.2 1.8 0.128 0.03 - Yixian County August 1 7.81 1.6 0.046 0.02 - Water Plant
3.3.2 Atmospheric environment quality
The construction sites of the Project are distributed in 68 villages in the three districts and four counties of Huangshan City; some of the villages are located in the suburban areas and most of the villages are located in the rural areas of Huangshan Cit; around the village there is no centralized air pollutant emission source and the Project is without any centralized air pollutant emission sources; therefore, the ambient air quality environmental background of the project area is to be reflected by the routine monitoring data of ambient air quality of Huangshan City in 2011.
In 2011, 3 automatic monitoring sites are set in Huangshan City for ambient air quality monitoring. The items of air quality monitoring are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particulate matter (PM10). The annual monitoring data in 2011 are shown in Table
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3.3-2.
The monitoring data in 2011 show that the ambient air quality in urban areas of Huangshan City fully meets Grade II of Standards for Ambient Air Quality (GB3095-1996), and the indicators of SO2 and NO2 meet the standard of Grade I; the overall ambient air quality of Huangshan City is in a good condition. In addition, according to the Environment Quality Bulletin of Huangshan City in 2011 issued by Huangshan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the annual excellent and good rate of air quality in the inner city is 100% and 206 days of the year are with excellent air quality, accounting for 56.4% of the total number of days; compared with 2010, the air quality in 2011 remains relatively stable.
Table 3.3-2 Routine Monitoring Data of Ambient Air Quality of Huangshan City in 2011 Monitoring Site Item Mean of year Grade I Standard Grade II Standard SO2 0.011 0.02 0.06 Monitoring Site 1 NO2 0.012 0.04 0.08 PM10 0.051 0.04 0.10 SO2 0.020 0.02 0.06 Monitoring Site 2 NO2 0.022 0.04 0.08 PM10 0.052 0.04 0.10 SO2 0.014 0.02 0.06 Monitoring Site 3 NO2 0.016 0.04 0.08 PM10 0.046 0.04 0.10
3.3.3 Acoustic environment quality
The construction sites of the Project are distributed in 68 villages in the three districts and four counties of Huangshan City; some of the villages are located in the suburban areas and most of the villages are located in the rural areas of Huangshan Cit; the present noise source is noise of social activities. The roads included in the Project are low-level rural roads and roads within villages with a low traffic flow, which does not produce significant noise impact; therefore, the acoustic environment quality environmental background of the project area is to be reflected by the routine monitoring data of environmental noise of Huangshan City in 2011.
In 2011, 142 environmental noise monitoring points are set in the inner city of Huangshan City, Huizhou District and Huangshan District; the average equivalent sound level is 53.1 dB, meeting Grade 4a of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise; the acoustic environment quality is at a good level. Compared with 2010, the regional environmental noise has increased by 1.6 dB and the overall level of regional noise remains stable.
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4 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Road and Tourist Supporting Facilities Project
4.1 Main problems existed on the road of project villages and tourist supporting facilities
Materials circulation and villagers accessing are seriously affected by present situation of project villages that there isn’t connecting road between villages and groups or bad passage conditions. Road traffic facilities are relatively backward and road grade is low and some roads are dilapidated or damaged even for potential risk existed within villages and groups. Some villages to production base (grain field, tea plantation and mountains yard) are short of operation channels. This results in inconvenience for producer goods accessing and affects normal production operation of villagers. Bridge is insufficient in quantity in these areas and a part of existing bridges is in low technical standard with low traffic capacity and existed disease, even belonging to deserted bridge. Above-mentioned problems cannot obtain effective improvement due to under-investment of society and government. The present situation of current traffic and relevant supporting infrastructure is incompetent for capability of accommodation for Huangshan’s developing tourism and is in urgent demand of further improvement.
(1) Insufficient road width
The road width of existing roads between villages and within villages most is of 1m~3m to be suitable for one-way access. It is difficult that one vehicle gives another the right of way and is easy to cause the traffic jam and accident. This problem has great influence on villagers accessing and traffic transportation production.
Insufficient Road Width Insufficient Road Width (Yanpucun in Xiuning County) (Fuxi District in Huizhou City)
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(2) Breakage of pavement and bridge deck
Breakage of pavement and bridge deck is commonplace in project area due to insufficient maintenance & investment and weak protect consciousness. The breakage degree is different, being partial breakage mostly, but breakage in large area also exists.
Pavement Breakage Breakage of Bridge Deck (Xinjiangcun in Tunx District) (Huanshacun in Qimen County)
(3)Incomplete pavement and bridge deck
This phenomenon mainly happens to stone path and stone slab bridge with historical and cultural value. The cause of this problem is due to human damage and embezzlement
Incomplete Bridge Deck Incomplete Pavement (Liuducun in Qimen County) (Guhuangcun in Mo County)
(4)Some unhardening pavement
Road between villages and most village roads are all complete pavement due to village energy project on the previous stage in project area. But, according to the field investigation by evaluation group, a few village roads are still not hardened.
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Some Unhardening Pavement Some Unhardening Pavement
(Liucun in Tunxi District) (Lunkengcun in Qimen County)
(5) Some bridges with low standard and potential risk
Some bridges with lower design standard and bad traffic capacity in project area are short of guardrail and other basic protection design because of financial and design problems during construction. Submersible phenomenon of bridge deck exists in wet season. Traffic of village to external world is intercepted because some bridges are completely submerged during flood period.
Submersible Bridge of Xiangtancun in Chen Bridge with Stone Wall in Shuxicun
Qimen County
(6) Insufficient supporting facilities
According to field investigation, there are not such life and tourist supporting facilities as parking lot, residents’ leisure and entertainment square and reception center in most villages along route. The existing leisure places for rural residents mostly are on both sides of village roads, doorway of store or around village committee.
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4.2 Main environmental influence on road and tourist supporting facilities project
Proposed construction project can be divided into new construction and reconstruction project on the basis of build properties. These two types of project have great difference in the way and degree of Influenceing environment. The project construction of these two projects has influence on surroundings from ecological environmental Influence, water environmental Influence, atmospheric environmental Influence, acoustic environmental Influence, solid waste influence shall be discussed.
4.2.1 Ecological influence
4.2.1.1 Influence of project construction on vegetations
Main existing vegetations are of man-made forest, secondary forest, scrub-grassland and agricultural vegetation because agriculture development within the influence area of proposed construction has a long history and most native vegetations in evaluation area are destroyed.
The influence of project construction on vegetations in this area mainly comes from permanent land occupation and temporary land occupation of projects as well as rolling compaction of machine and personnel trampling during construction. Among them, destruction of vegetations caused by permanent land occupation is permanent and unrecoverable; however, the destruction of vegetations caused by temporary land occupation and construction disturbance is temporary and recoverable.
(1) Influence by permanent land occupation
Permanent land occupation of project includes these lands occupied by new construction road, supporting facilities and other project construction. There is less new construction road and it is linear project, so new construction road occupies a small number of lands. Cultural Square, parking lot, reception center and other supporting facilities occupy large number of lands relatively. According to field investigation, the land occupation of cultural square, parking lot, reception center and other supporting facilities mainly are of reserved construction land of any village according to field investigation. The type of land occupation mainly is of wasteland, small part one is scrub-grassland and few one is of dry land.
Permanent land occupation enables the land vegetation habitat to be destroyed and biont to lose their living and growing environment. This Influence is irreversible. According to field investigation, the vegetation species Influenceed by project belong to common species in evaluation area within scope of influence. These vegetations have wide growing range and are well-adopted. Disappeared or died plant population results from careless vegetation
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management. Affected vegetation types mainly are of rhus chinensis brushwood and cogongrass scrub-grassland as well as very few tea trees and other man-made forest. In a word, the influence of permanent land occupation to land plant mainly shows the occupation for their habitats to produce direct destruction to some extent thereof, but the influence is insignificant.
Farmland occupied by project mainly is of a few paddy field and dry land where plants paddy, soybean, corn and etc are planted. Its vegetation type is single and species diversity is monotonous relatively. Proposed project has less influence on vegetation of farmland because farmland has received more man-made interference.
Present situation of land occupation of supporting facilities can refer to following photographs on site
(2) Influence by temporary land occupation
Temporary land occupation mainly covers stockyard, storage yard, slag yard and pioneer road. There is not apparent description of type and quantity of temporary land occupation inproject data at this stage. The vegetations temporarily occupied by works are mainly of brush land and small amount of forest land according to field investigation and consulting ofproject feasibility study.
During construction, temporary land occupation will destroy the soil and vegetation within the scope of temporary land occupation. But this negative effect can drop to minimum through reasonable planning and layout to take effective project protective measures as well as restoration measures after completion of works. After completion of works, vegetation types of temporary land occupation can be restored depending on labor to improve vegetation coverage. Vegetation can be restored in 2 or 3 years generally. Therefore, the vegetations destroyed by temporary land occupation such as borrow area and iste disposal area will not produce obvious ecological Influence on abundance and ecological functions of ecosystem species along project. Therefore, the influence of construction to vegetation is temporary, restorable, with little influence degree.
(3) Other factors during the construction
The vegetations around field operation will be destroyed due to rolling compaction of machine and personnel trampling during construction period of proposed highway. Scope of influence of project is of ribbon pattern and dot scope. The degree of damage of permanent occupation to vegetations is permanent and irrecoverable, but the degree of damage of temporary occupation to vegetation is temporary and restorable.
There are few natural types of vegetation within influence area of proposed project and most
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occupied vegetations are of agricultural vegetations within the scope of project influence. Construction area is of relatively stable agricultural ecosystem formed for many years. Scope of project influence is of linearity shape and dot scope. The damage to ground vegetations will have some influence on existing ecosystem. A few area is damaged with comparison to area along route and the some damaged biomass can be recovered through construction greening not to affect the abundance and ecological functions of ecosystem species along route.
4.2.1.2 Influence on key protective plants and ancient trees
A number of such ancient and rare trees as ginkgo, camphorwood, osmanthus, liquidambar, phoebe nanmu exist in most villages in works area. They are 100 to 1000 years old to be distributed in Huanshacun, Lixicun, Shenchongcun and Lunkengcun. Project construction may destroy the ancient trees in project area if the management is not reinforced and the protection is not stressed. Such protective measures as mark board and fences erecting must be carried out to ensure that protective plants and ancient trees are not Influenceed by construction.
4.2.1.3 Influence on wild animals
(1) Influence of animal habitat change on animals
According to project design and site survey, most proposed projects are in villages and small part of project locate in the foot of hill. As a whole, the habitat of animals disappeared and habitat fragmentation caused thereof have little influence on animals.
Evaluation area and nearby area are of low mountain relief with less altitude change. Such reptiles and small mammals and reptiles as saurian and snakes to distribute in low altitude area will force them to make horizontal transfer to similar habitats far away from evaluation area. Their habitats for birds, mice and carnivore to distribute in brushwood and grassland in low altitude area will be destroyed by small parts, but they all have transferring ability and food sources are presented in diversity, therefore, the project will produce little Influence on their habitats.
(2) Separation influence on animals’ activities
Wild animals in project area live in mountains area around villages mainly, but the project construction mainly concentrates in villages and around villages. The separation of mountain does not exist basically and a few scrub-grassland around villages is occupied by small partial project. So, the separation influence is very little. Therefore, the proposed project has a little separation Influence on animal activities.
(3) Influence by environmental pollution on animals
This project is of non-polluted ecological construction project. Project construction and
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operation will not discharge pollutants intensively and regularly and large amount of pollution discharge are not existed. Environmental pollution caused by project construction and operation is small amount of water and soil loss mainly, little noise pollution and physical pollution of water environment (increase of SS concentration is stopped temporarily). Discharge of toxic and harmful chemical pollutants does not exist basically. Therefore, environmental pollution caused by this project has little influence on wild animals in project area.
4.2.1.4 Influence by alien species on local ecosystem
The road component is mainly for rehibiliation and improvement for the low grade rural raods in Huangshan. Contractors, construction material and vehicles will be from Huangshan. Generally speaking, there is very low possibility of introduction of alien species caused by contruction activities.
4.2.1.5 Project construction influence on Influence assessment of agroecological environment
(1) Land occupation influence
Project construction considers no occupied land and a few occupied lands as principle as far as possible. For those that land must be occupied, construction land and backup land shall be occupied mainly. This project occupies a small amount of farmland which only exists in the construction of new, expanding roads and supporting facilities in some villages. Therefore, project construction will not change the present situation of land use and not have obvious influence on local eco agriculture.
But for those peasant households, whose lands especially farmlands are occupied, the land occupation has important influence on them and they will lose their survival foundation to different levels. Land expropriation of project Influences their lives greatly. Therefore, construction unit together with local government will make a good job of land adjustment and land expropriation compensation. For those peasants, who lose lands, construction unit and local government shall conduct job training on them and assist them in contacting new jobs to make those land-lose peasants have new economic resources and to ensure their living standard.
(2) Influence analysis on agricultural production
To some extent, land occupation problems will cause agricultural economy loss of some villages.
For those peasants households, whose farmlands are occupied directly, construction unit and local government shall take effective measures to directly compensate them or distribute them other farmland so as to they can restore agricultural production as soon as possible.
The construction of this project has influence on the development of local agricultural economy
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to some extent. But the carting of agricultural products becomes easy due to convenient transportation. It is benefit for the sale of agricultural products. The output of products for no expropriated farmland will be accelerated and output value of per mu yield will be increased. In addition, amounts of retail industry and other job opportunities also will change the present situation of slow economic development in local. You should say that the loss of primary industry caused by this project can obtain compensation through promoting and improving the development of tertiary industry such as tourist and cultural industry.
As a whole, the completion of this project will promote the development of local agricultural economy and the agricultural production will have a new situation.
(3) Influence of construction period on water body of agricultural irrigation, soil and filed crops
A certain amount of excavation construction is required during construction progress of new roads, squares and other supporting facilities to readily cause siltation of paddy field on both sides and irrigation along route. Such as meet rainstorm, lime and cement will be rushed into water body of irrigation along route and paddy field; Material yard may be rushed into nearby water body and farmland by wind or rain water if protective measures are not taken on them temporarily; Powdery construction materials shall also be rushed into farmland along route if protective measures are not taken during transportation process. All these factors have influence on water body and mud field along route. Once the materials especially for lime and cement enter into the water body, PH value of water body will be changed and the soil will be hardened and its PH value also be changed. Soil quality will decline thereof. So, the crop growth will be affected.
Construction implementation plan during rainy season shall be compiled for project construction because the construction of new roads, squares and other supporting facilities may undergo the rainy season. Meanwhile, wind-proof and raining proof measures shall be taken for material yard, and covered measures shall be taken for transport vehicles to avoid that construction period have influence on farmland soil and water body of irrigation.
4.2.2 Influence on surface water environment
4.2.2.1 Influence by bridge construction on water environment
There are newly-constructed bridges and culverts in 27 villages in the proposed project. The influence by these bridge constructions on water body mainly shows the increased suspended matter concentration and potential oil pollution. Because the current situation of water quality of water body is good in project spanning area and its functions of present situation are agricultural irrigation and aquaculture mainly, so we shall pay attention to strengthening
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the construction management during bridge construction to span this water body, and the precautious and management measures shall be taken for oil leakage of constructional plants; Construction shall be carried out during dry season or level period as far as possible with use of advanced and environmental construction technology. Such measure as setting for mud generated by bridge construction and drilling and then discharged for mud settling sump shall be taken after sedimentation treatment. If above-mentioned measures are seriously implemented, the bridge construction will produce less influence on water quality of water body.
4.2.2.2 Influence analysis on construction camps for water environment
Setting location of construction camps for proposed project is unclear on this stage. According to the practical situation of inland project construction, common construction camps are established nearby bridges. If there are 30 persons per construction camp and domestic consumption is of 80 liter/ day for a person and the coefficient of producing pollution is of 90%, the domestic sewage quantity is of 2.16m3/d per construction camp.
The domestic sewage is of sewage from catering, excrement and ishing in construction camp mainly. The components of sewage is easy, most are a small amount of SS and CODcr. Pollutant concentration is lower; but if this domestic sewage in the construction camp is directly discharged into water body especially for excrement, water quality will be polluted and organism of water body, ammonia nitrogen and other index will be out of gauge. Therefore, the domestic sewage in the construction camp shall be discharged after simple treatment. In addition, a certain amount of domestic garbage will be produced every day in construction camp. Domestic garbage may enter into water body and cause certain pollution if disposed casually.
In order to reduce the influence from added land occupation and domestic sewage discharge to environment along route, it is recommended that local homes are leased for construction camps as much as possible. If temporary housings are required to be built, the construction camps shall be arranged within the scope of permanent land requisition of project. For the construction camps nearby bridge construction, septic tank with the volume of 20m3 must be set at the construction camp at least (adjusted according to the practical situation of constructors). The fecal sewage shall be collected integrally and carried out for primary treatment. Take some measures for supernatant of septic tank and encourage local peasants to employ them as farmyard manures. Contact local sanitation authority to carry out the clearance and treatment for bottom material. Fecal sewage directly discharged into surface water body such as canal or fish pond is strictly forbidden. The standardization toilets are
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established in the construction camp for some projects and the fecal sewage is collected, and then fecal sewage is disposed uniformly. This project can take this as reference. In addition, the domestic garbage shall be collected by special personnel and cleared periodically. Meanwhile, environment management, supervision and surveillance plan shall be conducted completely during construction period.
4.2.2.3 Influence by construction site on water environment
Influence of construction plant on water environment mainly is that surface runoff of building materials flows into surface drainage by the rainfall washout and the influence caused by industrial wastewater discharge such as discharge of rinsed wastewater of gravel material and elution wastewater of mechanical equipments
(1) If material, oil plants and chemicals required by bridge construction are piled on both sides of river without proper management and covering , they may be entered into water body by rain ish during wet reason and storm period; If the storage yard of powdery materials are not shielded strictly and covered, the dust caused thereof will pollute the water body; If the piled location of materials is lower than the water level of wet season of river, materials may be submerged by river water, or enter into water body due to improper safekeeping or rainstorm washout to cause water pollution. Residue of storage yard of discarded building materials entering into water body along with surface runoff also causes the water pollution. Material required by bridge construction shall be piled on the embankment periphery and the height of piled up location shall not be less than water level of wet season of river. Material management, shielded and covered measures shall be taken on these materials. Thus there is less possibility for construction materials entering into water body along surface runoff.
(2) A certain amount of industrial wastewater will be produced at the construction site, mainly including rinsed wastewater of gravel material and elution wastewater of mechanical equipments. This wastewater contains the suspended materials with higher concentration and small amount of petroleum materials. In addition, PH index of this wastewater also goes beyond normal range and its PH value is 8～9 generally, belonging to alkalinity. Once this wastewater is directly discharged into river nearby, the water quality of water body will be affected and the function of water body will be destroyed. Therefore, it is recommended to recycle the rinsed wastewater of gravel material as far as possible. Final drainage can be discharged into water body or canal without drinking and breeding functions after sedimentation treatment nearby to reach the standard requirements.
For rinsed water of constructional plants and vehicles, a small amount of water volume shall
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be produced generally. The key pollutants are of SS and small amount of oil stain mainly. This wastewater directly discharges into river course and agricultural irrigation ditch is strictly prohibited. It is required to carry out oil removal and sedimentation treatment for this wastewater and must reach Class I Standard of Integrated wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978－1996）and meet the requirements of Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation （GB5084－2005）. Reuse or use for dust fall and watering, greening on construction plant shall be taken into consideration firstly. This wastewater can be discharged into agricultural irrigation ditch on the condition that it cannot be used.
In conclusion, project construction has some influence on water resource along the route. The influence by highway construction on surface water environment can be slowed down through reinforcing the management especially through reinforcing the management of bridge construction, construction plant, construction camps and road material transport during construction period. The influence by project construction on surface water environment will be reduced to minimum level after taking reasonable and effective measures. The specific measures shall be shown in the chapters and sections of environmental protection measures.
4.2.2.4 Water environmental influence during the works operating
The water environment pollution of demonstration project road and tourist supporting facilities of new countryside construction by World Bank Loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain during operating period mainly comes from this water body pollution to result from supporting facilities such as road pavement, bridge floor and cultural square, reception center and pavement sedimentation of road pavement in the parking lot and enter into water area though is out of rainwater runoff. Pollution influence of water body caused by this pollution mainly shows as increasing SS concentration of water body. But this influence is temporary and the water body can recover by itself after self-sinking and purification for a given time. So this influence is slight.
4.2.3 Atmospheric environmental influence
The pollution of demonstration project road and tourist supporting facilities of new countryside construction by Word Bank Loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain to atmospheric environment mainly happens during construction period. Ambient air pollution mainly comes from unfinished pavement, material yard and flowing dust pollution caused by road vehicles accessing construction site as well as exhaust pollution of motive power machine. Among them, the influence by dust pollution on surroundings is outstanding. Such later pollution items in this project as catering do not exist. Atmospheric pollution is from exhaust
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pollution of small amount of cars during operation period mainly.
4.2.3.1 Flowing dust pollution
Flowing dust pollution mainly occurs in the process of excavation and filling of subgrade and square during pre-construction period. Flowing dust is flowing dust caused by construction vehicles and flowing dust in the construction area mainly.
(1) Flowing dust on the construction road
Flowing dust on the construction road is mainly caused by hauling for construction materials, especially for hauling powdery materials. There are many influence factors to mainly relate to vehicle speed, wind speed, dust bunny volume and dust bunny humidity of pavement. Among them, the wind speed will directly affect the transmission distance of flowing dust. The stone material, gravel materials and cement required by this project construction are hauled by truck through existing road and new temporary road to be considered as traffic path and pioneer road of construction material. The pavement contains much flowing dust especially during drought and less rainfall season because the low grade of rural road and most pioneer roads are of earth road without any paving. The volume of dust on the completed road section is related to dust volume and humidity of pavement, constructional plant and the speed of transport vehicles and wind speed. In addition, wind speed and wind direction will directly affect the pollution scope of road flowing dust.
Moreover, road materials especially for powdery materials will raise the dust with wind during transportation process if they are not covered tightly to affect the residents on either side of transportation road especially strong wind.
(2) Flowing dust at the storage yard
The material yard shall be arranged in precast yard, mixing station and within construction plant. The type and property of material in storage yard and wind speed have great influence on dusting volume. The materials with less proportion will cause dust when disturbed and the grain in the material with larger proportion will cause much dust correspondingly. The flowing dust at the storage yard contains wind dust of material yard, loading and unloading dust and reentrainment caused by vehicles to cause much flowing dust pollution and affect the surroundings. The flowing dust can be effectively controlled through watering timely. The dust volume can reduce 70% (monitoring results of dust fall through watering test of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan high-speed construction road). In addition, dust pollution may be reduced effectively by taking covered and wind- proofing measures on some powdery materials.
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In order to reduce the pollution influence of flowing dust of small storage yard to sensitive points of residential area, its location shall be established through referring to material yard of ordinary highway. Material yard in this project shall be established beyond 300m downwind sensitive point of village nearby.
(3) Flowing dust of material mixing
Lime earth, concrete and other materials will easily cause the dust during mixing. Road mixing and station mixing are of two methods for material mixing. Road mixing will be moved along job location and distributed separately. It is difficult to be managed; Station mixing is the central mixing for materials of factory production. It is easy to be managed because the influence of dust on ambient air is concentrated. Flowing dust pollution can be controlled effectively after taking measures of dust prevention.
Analogy survey method is adopted for evaluating the influence of flowing dust during construction period because the flowing dust belongs to the noncontinuity pollution and has relationship with highway condition and weather condition. Analogy analysis will be carried out for pollution effect of concrete mixing flowing dust and lime soil mixing flowing dust by quoting monitoring data of concrete mixing station for construction period of expressway from Chendu to Nanchong and monitoring results of lime soil mixing dust for construction period of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway respectively. TSP concentration is still rather higher at near distance even concentrated mixing method adopted for lime soil mixing at construction site, reaching 31 times for standard exceeding. TSP concentration still exceeds the standard at 150m from downwind direction of construction site. The flowing dust caused by lime soil mixing field has serious influence on atmospheric environment without any protective measures. Therefore, the effective dedusting measures must be taken.
Therefore, it is recommend that mixing station of materials shall be arranged beyond 300m of downwind direction of sensitive point and the concentrated mixing methods shall be adopted.
(4) Flowing dust on the construction site
Uncompleted pavement may cause flowing dust influence while building the pavement because pavement earth is exposed during excavation and filling process to cause flowing dust influence during windy day. The degree of influence on ambient air is different in different construction process. The influence of subgrade construction stage is larger than that on the pavement construction stage.
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4.2.3.2 Pollution by asphalt fume
Bituminous pavement paving such as oil-way paving project from Huanshacun in Qimen County to Penglong divergence, road project from Penglong divergence of Penglongcun in Qimen County to Chatian, oil-way paving project from Chatian of Lixi village in Qimen county to road of Lixi village, project of parking plot from Yanpucun in Xiuning County, parking plot project from Daguling of Mulincun in Yixian County exist in construction project of some road and parking lot in this project. The fume containing such poisonous and harmful substances as total hydrocarbon (THC) and benzopyrene (a) is generated during asphalt fusion, mixing and paving operation. It is recommended to purchase the commodity asphalt mixed by fusion and not to arrange the batching plant of bituminous mixture individually because the demonstration project road for new countryside construction by Word Bank Loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain contains less paving pavement of asphalt paving project. The fume generated during asphalt fusion, mixing and paving operation doesn’t exist. The influence of asphalt fume on ambient air along route still exists during paving operation of mixture surface course. The influence of paving operation on atmospheric environment is slight analogy to monitoring data of influence of paving operation of similar road to surroundings. The daily concentration value of benzopyrene (a) is lower than primary standard of ambient air quality standard to produce less influence on sensitive points of surroundings.
4.2.3.3 Brief analysis on atmospheric influence during the operation
The automobile exhaust pollutant is the main atmospheric pollution source after completion of project. Traffic volume is light and most of them are passenger cars in project area. Such pollution is not obvious and ambient air quality is good in this area according to monitoring data of project area. According to monitoring data of air mass of road in other areas grasped by evaluation group, exceeded ambient air quality will not produce even tourist increases and traffic volume is promoted in the future.
4.2.4 Influence of environmental noise
4.2.4.1 Analysis on noise source during the construction
The proposed project involves excavation and landfill for earth-rock, so many constructional plants and transport vehicles are required to be input. Loud environment in project area is disturbed by construction activities.
Subgrade construction mainly includes ground treatment of wiring project, leveling up subgrade, excavation and filling for earth volume, compaction layer by layer. Constructional plants adopted mainly are excavator, bulldozer, and road roller and land leveler. Air pick will be adopted for reconstruction and extension of road.
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Bridge construction mainly includes foundation construction and structure construction of bridge. Constructional plant adopted mainly is pile driver.
Radiation noise is produced by transport vehicles of building materials during above construction process. Transportation road will inevitably choose existing road nearby sensitive point. Radiation noise from these transport vehicles has some influence on sensitive point of acoustic environment along route. Main constructional plants for different constructions are shown as table 4.2-1.
Table 4.2-1 Constructional Plants for Different Constructions Construction Main road Constructional plants period section Demolition and Demolition and removal road removal in Excavator, bulldozer, air pick, land leveler, carrier vehicle and etc. section of pre-construction project Bulldozer, excavator, loader, land leveler, vibratory roller and Subgrade filling Road smooth-wheel roller Structural Drilling machine, pile driver, concrete mixer, lifting machine and Bridge construction lifting equipment frame beam machine The noise source of this project is distributed as follows according to above analysis and construction characteristics of this project. a. Road roller, bulldozer, land leveller and other road machinery are mainly distributed within the scope of highway land. b. Pile driver and loader are mainly concentrated on the district of bridge and interchange. c. Blender is concentrated on mixing station. d. Dumper carrier vehicles mainly run among pioneer road, mixing station and bridge as well as pioneer road along recommending line and existing road around connecting recommending line.
4.2.4.2 Prediction mode and source intensity of noise during the construction
(1) Prediction mode
The noise of constructional plants can regard as treatment of point source approximately. According to point source noise degeneration mode, noise value at different distance from sound source can be estimated. Prediction mode is shown as follows. LL rr )0/lg(20 p p 0
Where: Lp refers to predicted value dB(A) of construction noise r meters from sound source.
Lp0 refers to reference value dB(A)of noise r0 meters from sound source
(2) Source intensity of noise
According to above prediction mode, noise values at different distance to constructional plants
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are shown in Table 4.2-2.
Table 4.2-2 Noise Level of Main Constructional Plants at Different Distance Unit: dB(A) Name of Construction constructional 5m 10m 20m 40m 60m 80m 100m 150m 200m period plants Loader 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 Foundation Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 construction period Excavator 84 78 72 66 62.5 60 58 54.5 52 Pile driver 100 94 88 82 78 76 74 70 68 Vibrating Pavement 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 roller construction Land leveler 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 period Mixer 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55
4.2.4.3 The influence analysis of noise to sensitive points during the construction
The influence of noise to sensitive points is relatively outstanding during construction period because most road construction is located in villages and near the house of villagers. Construction period shall pay special attention to this especially field operation in night within the scope of 150m to residents’ houses.
The influence of bridgeproject is relatively small because most of bridgeproject is located in river course around villages. But its influence shall not be ignored because the piling operation which may exist in bridge construction has great influence on loud environment. Although noises during construction period have some influence on sensitive points, the construction period is a short term conduct after all, noise effect of sensitive points mainly happen in temporary construction process of road sections nearby sensitive points.
4.2.4.4 Noise Influence analysis during the operation
When proposed project enters into the operation period, the influence caused by loud environment by mainly comes from traffic noise of road vehicles and life noise increased by outside staff. The source intensity of former is very small and its influence is slight due to less traffic volume, low grade highway and low speed. The influence of latter concentrates on parking lot, reception center and other supporting facilities. Its influence is slight too.
The project area is located in rural area and traffic volume for existing road of villages is 500 vehicles per day approximately. Traffic volume of recent operation period is 500 vehicles per day approximately according to the estimation of work unit. Traffic volume of intermediate operation period and forward operation period are approximately 1000 vehicles per day and 2000 vehicles per day respectively. The speed is less than 40 km/h. According to above-mentioned information and prediction mold of highway noise recommended by Technical
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Guide of Environmental Influence Assessment-Acoustic environment（HJ/2.4—2009）and the traffic volume of recent, intermediate and forward period are 500 vehicles, 1000 vehicles and 2000 vehicles respectively with the 40km/ h and most of them are passenger car and take proportion 4：1, which is the proportion of day and night traffic volume as predictive parameter, evaluation group carry out loud environmental Influence prediction on typical village road. Predicting outcomes are shown on table 4.2-3. Table 4.2-3 Predicting Outcomes of Equivalent Continuous A Sound Level for Road during Operation Period Distance to road 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 centerlines (m) Recent daytime 47.5 44.0 42.0 40.7 39.6 38.8 38.0 36.9 35.9 35.2 34.5 33.9 33.3 Recent 46.3 42.8 40.9 39.5 38.5 37.6 36.9 35.7 34.8 34.0 33.3 32.7 32.2 nighttime Intermediate 48.3 44.8 42.9 41.5 40.5 39.6 38.9 37.7 36.8 36.0 35.3 34.7 34.2 Predicted daytime value Intermediate 46.6 43.1 41.1 39.8 38.7 37.9 37.2 36.0 35.1 34.3 33.6 33.0 32.4 （dB） nighttime Forward 49.6 46.2 44.2 42.8 41.8 40.9 40.2 39.0 38.1 37.3 36.6 36.0 35.5 daytime Forward 47.0 43.6 41.6 40.2 39.2 38.3 37.6 36.5 35.5 34.7 34.1 33.5 32.9 nighttime
According to predicting outcomes, the sound level approximate 23m to road centerlines in daytime and nighttime can meet the Class 1 standard of loud environment in operation period. The radiation sound level of road will be promoted with the increase of medium and forward traffic volume. But the sound level within 30m to road centerlines in daytime and nighttime also can meet the Class 1 standard of loud environment. Therefore, traffic noise effect caused by rural road project of this project is limited.
4.2.5 Influence by solid wastes
Solid iste produced during construction period mainly covers mucks and rubble which are produced by clearing up the existing pavement for pavement reconstruction, material loss of transportation process such as gravel and concrete and household garbage produced by builders.
The road of this project mainly reconstructs the existing road and mainly concentrates on paving pavement. The existing pavement required to be cleared up for pavement reconstruction of individual village access road project of central Liuducun. The waste slag is mainly used for filling additional passing bay. In the road project, only 4 roads are new construction road project. This 4 road projects involve in filling, excavation and balance of subgrade and no iste slag may be produced during construction. So no spoil disposal area will be arranged separately.
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The soil will be scattered everywhere if the vehicle overburdens; Highway transportation will be full of soil if there is so much soil on wheel; Dust in sunny and muddy in rainy will Influence the passing of foot passengers and vehicles and environmental quality.
The household garbage produced by builders is cleared away by Sanitation Authority after bagging and separate collection to be less influence on surroundings.
4.2.6 Positive benefit analysis of environment
This road project construction will greatly improve the traffic condition inside and outside of villages to be convenient for villagers’ production and living and beautify human settlement and improve villagers’ income so as to improve the traffic condition of tourist attraction and beautify environment of scenic region.
This bridge construction project can solve these problems: the problem that villagers cannot pass due to the influence of storage level of Thousand-island Lake Taiping Lake Garden and the problem that some villages are lack of auxiliary bridge for communicating both sides will also be solved. It is convenient for villagers going out. In addition, this bridge construction project can protect and restore old bridge, ancient bridge and bridge in danger and resolve potential risk and continue its cultural relic value.
Lighting facilities of additional roads and square in public places can not only improve villagers’ living standard and be convenient for night activities of tourist, but also bring many business opportunities and increase local villagers’ income.
In 68 project villages, there are 20 villages focus first on developing rural tourism. The random distribution of electric power and communication rod line and illegal crossover and hanging of three –wire, which are the service line of telecommunication, direct wiring of power consumer and service line of broadcasting (the ends of three -wire) form in spider webs, which heavy damage original townscape and affect visual effects of villages and restrict the development of rural tourism. Therefore, this three-wire underground can improve appearance of villages and promote the development of tourism industry.
4.2.7 Variation analysis on environmental Influence for different kinds of project
4.2.7.1 Characteristics of environmental Influence for new construction
Demonstration project of new countryside construction of Word Bank loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain mainly contains following new constructions: road project, bridge project, supporting facility and four-line going underground project. The influence of these projects to environment is more widely and the degree of influence is far-reaching. The following will respectively discuss their environmental Influence characteristics according to the characteristics
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of construction content.
(1) Road works a. Roads in villages
This works is mainly arranged in villages with smallproject scale. The works scheme covers smoothing subgrade and paving sand gravel layer and casting in concrete, pipeline going underground and installing street lamp. The typical works case is the road new construction in Xixinan new village, Huizhou district.
The environmental Influences of this works are ecological environmental Influence and loud environmental Influence during the construction. The ecological environmental Influence mainly presents as the influence of small land occupation to agricultural environmental Influence and the influence to wildlife is not existed because constructing in villages. Meanwhile, pay attention to reinforcing mitigation measures for loud environmental Influence because loud environmental influence is bigger in villages during the construction. b. Road between villages
This project is connecting roads between villages with larger project scale and longer line. The project contents cover smoothing foundation, paving sand gravel layer, casting in concrete and laying culvert pipe. The typical project case is the road new construction, which from Shitancun in She County to Changxicun.
The environmental influence by this project is also of ecological environmental influence and loud environmental influence during construction period. The arrangement of alignment is carried between villages, so the scope and degree of influence are different apparently. Some secondary vegetation will be destroyed and some wildlife’s activities may be disturbed because the arrangement of alignment of this project is located in the foot of hill. Meanwhile, water and soil loss is the main factor of environmental Influence of road construction between villages due to the larger groundbreaking. The scope of loud environmental influence is small relatively because the loud environmental influence mainly concentrates on connecting villages
(2) New construction bridge works
This works is mainly located in spanning water body for villages to contacts outside. There are some distances from villages but not so far. Construction scheme includes foundation construction and upper structure construction. The form of bridge most is beam slab bridge. The typical case is Chen bridge project with stone wall in Shuxicun, Mount Huang district
The main environmental Influence of new construction bridge project is water environmental Influence. Loud environmental Influence shall not be ignored because pile driving may exist in
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some bridges.
(3) Supporting facilities
Supporting facilities include parking lot, cultural leisure square and reception center. Most of them are located in around village. The works content contains hardening ground surface and installing supporting facilities. The typical cases are exercise plaza and small garden in Xixinancun, Huizhou district and parking lot in Wanxincun, Xiuning County.
The construction area of supporting facilities is concentrated and the scope of influence is small. The main environmental Influence is ecological environmental Influence, which shows as the destruction of vegetation caused by land occupation and the increase of sand soil loss. There exists great difference between noise effects because different distances of supporting facilities construction to residential area. For those projects such as peasants’ leisure and recreation square in Liudu village, Qimen county, which are far from supporting facilities construction or have higher locations and there are mountain shields between each other , their loud environmental Influence is not obvious. But for those supporting facilities such as villagers’ activities square in Liu village, Tunxi district, which is near to villages or in villages, loud environmental Influence is the main factor of environmental Influence.
4.2.7.2 Reconstruction and extension project
Reconstruction and extension project of demonstration project of new countryside construction of Word Bank loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain mainly covers road widening, reconstruction and extension of supporting facilities, road pavement and stone path repairing.
(1) Extension works a. Road Improvement
Road Improvement is the main component of demonstration project of new countryside construction of Word Bank loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain. Theproject schemes mainly are road widening, foundation levelling, sand gravel paving, concrete casting in, pipeline going underground and street lamp installing. The typical case is reconstruction and extension project of Helun road in Lunkeng village, Qimen County.
The environmental Influences of this project are similar to new construction roads in villages, which mainly are ecological environmental Influence and loud environmental Influence during construction period. The ecological environmental Influence mainly shows as the influence of small land occupation to agricultural environmental Influence and the influence to wildlife is not existed. Meanwhile, pay attention to reinforcing mitigation measures for loud environmental Influence because loud environmental Influence is bigger in villages during construction period.
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Its degree of ecological Influence is lower than that road new construction in villages because it is widening project. These projects must focus on social influence caused by demolition because it is widening project. b. Extension of supporting facilities
The extension project of supporting facilities is such extension that on the basis of existing supporting facilities. The most projects are located in villages or around villages. The contents of projects contain ground surface hardening and supporting facilities increasing and installing. The typical case is the extension of parking lot in Yanoucun, Xiuninh County.
The way of environmental Influence of these projects is similar to new construction. But their degree of influence is lower than latter.
(2) Reconstruction works a. Road Pavement
Road Pavement, which involves in many villages, is one of the main components of demonstration project of new countryside construction of Word Bank loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain. The contents of projects contain paving sand gravel, hardening concrete pavement and adding pipe culvert for some parts. The typical project cases are hardening two arterial roads in Luxicun, Qimen County and hardening sidewalk in Miaolincun, Yixian County.
Most of These projects are located in villages and around residential areas with small project scale and short construction period. The main environmental Influences are loud environmental Influence during construction period and atmospheric environmental Influence. The former shows as the influence of constructional plants to loud environment in villages during construction period and the latter mainly are the materials and flowing dust pollution of construction material and asphalt fume pollution involved in some roads, which pave asphalt pavement. They are temporary pollution behavior. b. Road repairing
Road rehibilitation the main component of demonstration project of new countryside construction of Word Bank loan in Anhui Yellow Mountain. The contents of projects contain repairing damaged pavement and stone path. The former mainly paves cement concrete and some paves asphalt concrete. The latter is focus on repairing original appearance of stone path. The typical project cases are maintenance of roads, which triple path to parking lot and cement concrete repair with 0.18m thickness of existing road in Penglong village, Qimen county as well as repairing ancient stone path in Huaqiao village, Xiuning county.
The environmental Influence of road repairing and road pavement are noise pollution during
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construction period and flowing dust pollution during construction and their properties are basically the same. But the latter’s influence degree is lower and its influence scope is smaller.
(3) Ancillary works of road and bridge
The construction contents cover the road greening, lighting, four-line buried in the ground, and security works and safety facility construction assorted with functional road and bridge.
The main environment influence for this kind of works shows the increase of small amount of water loss and soil erosion and damage of surface vegetations. However, due to short construction period, the influence caused by these works construction is provided with obvious short-term characteristic, with little influence, short recovery time and slight overall environment impact.
4.3 Pollution prevention and ecological protection measures
4.3.1 Environmental awareness improvement of local people
According to the site survey and interview to local people and authority, the environmental awareness of local people within project area is low relatively and is required to be promoted and improved, such phenomena as deforestation, discard and stack of domestic rubbish, unordered construction of houses and so on are common, these are harmful to keep and improve environmental quality in project area, therefore, strength of environmental protection publicity, improvement of environmental protection awareness of local people are the basic requirements for local environmental protection, and also are the necessary condition for whether the World Bank Loan Anhui Huangshan New Village Construction Demonstration Project can meet construction goal, and is the important precondition for the development of tourist culture industry and protection of intangible cultural resource within project area.
4.3.2 Ecological protection measures
4.3.2.1 Cultivated land protection measures
(1) Indemnifying measures for land used for road
The construction organization shall compile cost calculation sheet of early project for requisition of land based on related specification of Anhui Province and local government, including land compensation, cost for cultivated land reclamation, farmland conversion tax, cost for land declamation, cost for young crops and arrangement cost for labor force. The local government shall use above compensation cost based on “A Fixed Sum is for a Fixed Purpose” to open new cultivated land and reform the medium and low-yield field and arrange labor force after land acquisition, also shall guarantee the basic farmland will not reduce.
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(2) Reclamation measures for temporary land
The temporary land of this project(construction site, construction road)shall be collected after its topsoil of plowing layer is stripped before construction aiming at occupied cultivated land, and the compacted land shall be loosed and leveled after the completion of construction, the topsoil collected before construction shall be used for land reclamation and second ploughing; the water and soil conservation shall be kept and irrigation system be perfected; those land difficult to revert to cultivated land shall be conducted vegetation greening or be reverted to other land.
Especially prior to excavation to borrow earth, a piece of site shall be prepared at gentle place for storing stripped topsoil, the earth-borrow shall be conducted following the topsoil stripping to avoid large-area bare slope caused by one-off stripping. The earth-borrow shall be excavated sectionally, one area excavation and one area restoration shall be conducted at same time.
In addition, the compacted land in such temporary lands as construction site shall be loosed and leveled after the completion of construction, ridge shall be properly set and cultivated land shall be restored; destroyed drainage and irrigation system also shall be restored.
4.3.2.2 Vegetation protection measures
(1) Before construction, the construction organization shall firstly contact with local forestry authority for coordinating some problems related to construction site, construction camp and temporary construction road etc. so that reducing the damage to soil and forest around operation area.
(2) The ecological protection education shall be conducted for construction workers once they enter the site, they shall strictly obey the construction principle, cannot tread and destroy the crops and trees beyond the requisition land, the construction workers are required to perform civilized construction and be aware of protecting ecology and environment. (3) When construction is near the farmland, the construction operation shall be executed within requisition land, the area of construction road and temporary land shall be lessened to reduce the damage to soil and forest around operation area. the temporary stockyard, construction vehicles and construction camp in construction area shall be concentrated placed, so that avoiding occupying farmland and destroying crops.
(4) The topsoil permanently occupying forest land in construction shall be collected and stored and to be spreaded to other places with poor soil for planting trees. The ripened soil in temporary land shall be kept before construction, and shall be cleared, loosened, covered after construction; the temporary land shall be replanted or be greened with local proper plant. the
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loss of forest land can be restored depending on manual sowing, Italian poplar and camphor tree and so on can be selected as planing trees.
4.3.2.3 Protection measures for old tree and famous wood
The marked protection notice board shall be set for the old trees at various villages within project area and for those important villages having old trees as Lixicun, Luxicun, Huanshacun, Zhangtancun before construction to remind construction workers to protect it, at same time, the fence shall be set around the tree as important protection measures, the distance between fence and tree trunk shall not be less than 3m, so than protecting plants and old trees form affecting of construction.
4.3.2.4 Protection measures for wild animals
(1) Environmental education shall be made for construction workers; construction principle shall be established to strictly prohibit hunting of wild animals.
(2) The construction time shall be optimized to avoid the peak activity period of wild animals. forest animals and beasts usually go out for finding food in morning and dusk or night, birds are in high noon. The operation shall be scheduled to avoid wild animals form disturbing caused by noise operation as pile foundation construction in morning and dust.
(3) During the construction, the local wild animals protection department shall be contacted when hurt by wild animals.
(4) The bridge and curves constructed manually are similar with animal channel, but will be adapted for wild animals after several years, therefore, the natural vegetation under the bridge shall be protected in construction and human activities shall be reduced to restore the grass and bush as soon as possible, so that becoming same to original natural landscape and convenient for the adaption of wild animals.
4.3.2.5 Water and soil conservation measures
According to features of various projects involving in the project and condition of landform, topography and channel, temporary protection measures, project measures and plant measures are combined for water and soil treatment in project construction area, temporary protection measures are work as guide to ensure the water and soil loss in construction has been controlled and protect plow soil at surface layer of various protection area for the restore of later vegetation or reclamation; project measures is work as the key point to exert its fast-acting property and security effect; vegetation measures are worked as auxiliary measures to function long-term stable water and soil conservancy effect, and also togreen and beautify the environment around project. Detailed water and soil conservancy measures are as follows:
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(1) During subgrade construction, temporary sand basin shall be set to precipitate sand, drainage ditch shall also be set to bring to water into surrounding ditches according to landform, observe drainage ditch shall be used trapezoidal cross section, the sand precipitated at sand basin shall be cleaned periodically by appointed person.
(2) Drainage system shall be set for new constructed village highway having slope, the drainage system consist of side ditch, drainage ditch, intercepting ditch and chute, due to large rainfall in project area, chute and drainage ditch shall be set at outside of subgrade and intercepting drain shall be set at inside of subgrade for preventing loose slope form eroding and damaging caused by water on pavement.
(3) During bridge foundation construction, mud pit shall be excavated near the bridge pier manually, excavated earth shall be piled up within requisition land area under bridge, it shall be covered with colorful bar waterproof cloth in construction period, its foot shall be pressed with bagged earth; during construction, precipitated mud shall be transported to appointed slag yard, and the mud shall be backfilled and leveled after completion of works.
(4) During construction, in order to reduce project land, production and living area like material stockyard, construction camp and so on shall be distributed within permanent requisition land under bridge, the construction site under bridge shall be leveled after completion of construction, and Bermuda grass seed shall be sowed to prevent soil denunciation.
(5) For new increased land area, surface cultivated soil and mellow soil layer containing plant root shall be removed, cleaned subgrade topsoil shall be stored at smooth area of temporary stockpile for topsoil, grass and soil bags shall be set around stockpile as temporary block structure,grass and soil bags shall be used trapezoidal section, the surface covered with nonwoven geo-fabrics, and sowing trifolium seed to protect. after topsoil at later stage is used, the topsoil stockpile shall be conducted land consolidation(reach plow requirement)and then hand over to local people for use.
(6) In order to prevent heavy rainfall from causing water and soil loss of topsoil stripped form temporary slug yard, grass and soil shall be used as temporary block structure at temporary stockyard, the cross section of bagged soil wall shall be trapezoidal section. Due to long time storage of topsoil at slug yard, white clover seed shall be sowed on its surface to protect plant after it is stripped and stored.
4.3.3 Water pollution control measures
(1) Project location and line shall keep away from drinking water resource of villager and water source protection area.
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(2) The construction period shall be properly arranged for bridge construction, cofferdam connection work shall be conducted at dry season and conduct bridge foundation under water construction, project environment supervision shall be conducted strictly at same time. during bridge construction, when supervising water body, special attention shall be paid to the change of water quality of cross river, construction shall be stopped once it exceed the specified requirement of state, until the reason for increase of suspended matter concentration is found, if it increased by bridge construction, effective measures shall be taken.
(3) If steel cofferdam method is used in bridge foundation construction, the excavated mud, slug and son on from bridge foundation construction shall be not abandoned to river to avoid polluting river water quality.
(4) The location od construction camp shall be properly chosen, local houses are recommended tobe rented, if the construction camp have tobe newly constructed, it shall be far away channel, and provided with domestic garbage storage facility, which shall be cleaned periodically, domestic sewage and fecal sewage shall be collected and disposed by established septic-tank.
(5) The construction machinery for crossing bridge shall be checked irregularly to prevent leaking oil materials. The residual oil shall be collected and stored and treated, the residual oil is prohibited to be thrown into river or left on river bank.
(6) The construction camp, permanent construction material stockyard shall not be constructed within maximum water level of river channel, the common materials required by works but placed on bottomland shall be placed away from water and be covered, and be provided with fence, if necessary; construction waste water(such as flushing water of gravel material and flushing water of machinery equipment) produced from construction site as mixing station, precast yard and materials storage yard shall be treated firstly by grit basin, cannot drain to surface water body or fishpond directly.
(7) During excavation of subgrade, temporary settlement tank shall be provided, geo-textile fence shall be set at inlet side of settlement tank to intercept sediment, the sediment tank shall be filled after the completion of paving of subgrade and water-crossing culvert.
4.3.4 Pollution prevention measures for ambient air (1) Site selection and management for transported materials. a. Bulk materials easy to be spreaded as earth material, cement, sand and lime shall be taken windproof covering measures in loading, using, transporting and temporary storing to reduce raise dust. b. Lime and fine sand shall be compacted before transporting, loading height cannot be higher
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over fence of car hopper, bulk cement shall be transported using cement tanker to avoid secondary dust caused by spreading; materials storage yard shall be set at sensitive point beyond downwind direction 300m as village etc. c. Stacking location shall be properly arranged at construction materials storage yard, closed fence not lower than storage material shall be set around the construction material storage yard, surface dust suppression measures as covering with tarpaulin shall be taken. d. The concrete mixing station is recommended to be used totally for closed operation type and be set within permanent highway land area shall also be set at the sensitive point of surrounding environment beyond 300m of downwind direction.
(2) Access road
The watering cart shall be provided for watering construction road and road access to stockyard to reduce dust, two times one day, once for morning and once for afternoon. Related testing data shows that proper watering can effectively control the dust in construction area and reduce TSP concentration in air nearer to road, with more obvious dust-fall effect.
(3) Asphalt pavement
The asphalt pavement shall be paved at windy weather,so that reducing the damage of asphalt fume to air using the fast spreading of asphalt fume.
4.3.5 Prevention measure for noise pollution
(1) Low noise machinery equipment shall be used, the machinery beyond state standard shall be prohibited to enter into the site, and the equipment shall be frequently maintained in construction to avoid increase of noise caused by bad performance of equipment.
(2) When existing road is used to transport construction material, the transporting line shall be select reasonably and transporting shall be conducted at night. In addition, when passing by village, the car shall reduce speed,the new road tobe built shall far away village, school, hospital etc.; due to undetermined transporting line, it is recommended that construction organization shall requires contractor providing construction material transporting line, and employing environmental protection engineer or professional environmental protection person to ensure the reasonability of construction line on reducing noise. Construction organization shall conduct supervision according to determined transporting line and also shall strengthen supervision together with local environmental protection department.
(3) Noise effect in construction is a short-term action to be mainly reflected in disturbing residents to rest at night, therefore, high noise construction machinery are strictly prohibited to construct near the sensitive spot of acoustic environment at night(22:00—6:00); daytime
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construction shall also be conducted for proper construct management and such necessary noise-reduction measures as temporary sound barrier shall be taken to conform to related standard of Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary on Construction Site(GB 12523－2011).
(4) During bridge construction, the pile foundation construction will produce high noise and will disturb residents near the sensitive spot, so, such high noise construction as pile foundation works at night shall be prohibited and noise-reduction measures shall be taken for it, in order to not affect the life and rest of residents adjacent to sensitive spot.
(5) For the sensitive spot, which is adjacent to construction road and subject to heavy effect of construction noise, temporary sound insulation shall be used based on condition.
(6) Supervision for construction noise shall be strengthened; noise pollution prevention measure shall be taken timely if any noise pollution is found.
4.3.6 Mitigation measures for solid wastes
(1) For several pavement reconstruction project, in which, some existing pavement shall be cleaned, such as road access to village of Liuduzhongxincun project etc. Cleaned slug shall be used for fill material of added passing bay.
(2) Abandoned sand-stone, construction material, steel material, packing material etc. in construction shall be recovered by specified person, the working face shall be timely cleaned.
(3) The domestic garbage of construction worker shall be carried away and disposed by environmental protection department after being bagged and collected as category.
4.3.7 Mitigation measures for social environment
4.3.7.1 Mitigation measures for traffic influence
In order to reduce the traffic effect caused by project construction, practical and effective measures shall be taken, include: (1) Reasonable Set Construction Road; a. Existing village road shall be used as soon as possible, pavement and drainage system shall be properly consolidated; b. Try to avoid crossing population center with dense people; c. While planning new construction road, the connecting road between local village and remote villages shall be considered; d. Try to keep away sensitive area, such as: nature protection area, beauty spot, forest park, basic farmland etc.
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e. Those roads damaged by construction vehicles shall be timely repaired to guarantee good road condition. f. The setting of construction road shall be approved and reviewed by environmental supervising engineer. (2) Construction Design, Scientific Management a. Notify that the road is in construction, vehicles shall pick other road to go; b. Relevant signs, notice board and temporary traffic light shall be added in construction period; c. Project vehicles shall be strengthened traffic control and management and shall pick reasonable line to avoid traffic peak to reduce traffic jam caused by construction vehicles. (3) Strict Construction Site Management Strictly manage the construction site, severely divide boundary of construction site, reasonable stack muck, sand, stone, materials, reasonable park vehicles, machinery, reduce traffic barrier. Meanwhile, set temporary road and warning sign, appoint special person to guide traffic. (4) Conduct Education for Related Personnel Education shall be made for construction workers for being aware that not to affect surrounding traffic. Education shall be strengthened for driver for overloading and disposing spilled materials.
4.3.7.2 Protection measures for population health
(1) Public health According to Article 19 of Law on The Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases of The People's Republic of China,in order to prevent and control the prevalence of disease within construction area, before the level of construction site, main activity area of construction workers and existing toilet, cesspit, garbage depot shall be cleaned and sterilized. Public toilet shall be designed according to the Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise issued by state ministry of health and labor bureau, and shall be provided with tap water and illuminating system. (2) Epidemic prevention The construction worker shall be conducted health quarantine before entering site, bacteria-carrier and patient with infectious disease are not allowed to enter the construction area, in order to prevent it spreading among local people and construction workers and cause cross-infection, 10% construction workers shall checked twice during construction period. (3) Dietetic hygienic management
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The construction workers have meal at construction site at construction period, for this condition, the dietetic hygiene shall be supervised and managed to avoid poisoning accident, the staff working on catering service must have health work license. National “Hygiene Supervision and Management Measures for Drinking Water” and Standard for Drinking Water Quality shall be executed for domestic water the water intaking well shall be inspected, and the construction site shall be provided with boiling water supply center. (4) Health publication The health propaganda work at construction area shall be strengthened (for example: prevention and control for HIV/AIDS), contractor and construction organization shall appoint special person to take charge it, prevention and treatment knowledge for infectious disease as dysentery and typhoid fever shall be publicized, the health knowledge and health care awareness of construction works shall be improved for reducing morbidity of construction workers.
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5 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Water Conservancy Facility Project
5.1 Present condition of rivers related to the project
According to the data of feasibility study report, the construction contents of this small water conservancy facility consist of cleaning works, bank protection works, irrigation channel works, diversion weir works, hilly pond management works, irrigation pumping station works. Rivers related to this water conservancy facility construction consist of Fengle River, Jindaixi River, Henghe River, Machuan River, Namen River and its branch:Yangjiao River, Sunchuan Stream, Nanxi River etc. Details refer to Table 5.1-1.
Table 5.1-1 Present Condition of Rivers Related to This Project County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Riverway Hongshui Scrub- Cleaning, Xinjiangcun Sand-Stone River Grassland Barricade Consolidating
Tunxi District
Riverway Scrub- Cleaning, Slope Liucun Licun River Sand-Stone Grassland Protection Consolidating
Huizhou Putaoyuan Scrub- Riverway Qiankoucun Sludge District Canal Grassland Cleaning
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Revetment Tiaolongai Scrub- Repair, Xixinancun Sludge Canal Grassland Riverway Cleaning
Scrub- Riverway Yunxi River Sand-Stone Kunshacun Grassland Cleaning
Revetment Lingjin Scrub- Shuyuancun Sand-Stone Works, River Grassland Riverway Cleaning
Scrub- Old Retaining Lingshancu Lingjin Grassland Sand-Stone Dam Repair, n River And Forest Riverway Land Cleaning
Scrub-
Grassland Bank Protection Fengle Sand-Stone Heshecun and Forest Works River Land
Scrub- Bank Protection Grassland Caoxi River Sand-Stone Works, Fuxicun and Forest Riverway Land Cleaning
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Bank Protection Works, Bare Bank Riverway Fuxi River Sand-Stone scrub- Yangcun Cleaning, Grassland Retaining Dam Construction
Bank Protection Huangsha Old Village Scrub- Works, Raocun Sand-Stone n District Water Grassland Riverway System Cleaning
Bank Protection Xingcun Scrub- Xingcun Sand-Stone Works, River Grassland Riverway Cleaning
Riverway Scrub- Cleaning, River Sand-Stone Guocun Heng River Grassland Bank Repair And Consolidating
Bare Bank, Longyuancu Flood-Bank Longmen Sand-Stone Scrub- n Construction River Grassland
Bank Protection
Scrub- Works, Baoguoshu Lusi River Sand-Stone Grassland Riverway Cun Cleaning
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Scrub-
Grassland Zhongduncu Bank Protection Machuan Sand-Stone and n Works, river Protection-F
orest
Scrub- Bank Protection Grassland Longshancu Sand-Stone Works, Fuxi River and Forest n Riverway Land Cleaning
Scrub- Bank Protection
Grassland Works, Fengxi Sand-Stone Xinfengcun and Forest Riverway River Land Cleaning
Bank Protection Bare Bank, YongfengCuZhuxi River Works, Sand-Stone Scrub- n Riverway Grassland Cleaning
Scrub- Bank Protection She Fuzi River Sand-Stone Fuaicun Grassland Works, County
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Scrub-
Grassland Bank Protection Changxicun Changyuan Sand-Stone And Forest Works, River Land
Scrub- Bank Protection Jiekou Sand-Stone Xinan River Grassland Works,
Scrub-
Grassland Bank Protection Hongfeng Hongfei Sand-Stone and Forest Works, Water Gap Land
Sucun Water Scrub- Bank Protection Sand-Stone Sucun Gap Grassland Works,
Xiuning Scrub- Bank Protection Wanxincun Sand-Stone County Fusi River Grassland Works,
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Scrub- Yiyuan Grassland Bank Protection Sand-Stone Huaqiaocun River and Forest Works, Land
Bank Protection
Scrub- Works, Jinfoshan Sand-Stone Langsicun Grassland Riverway River Cleaning
Revetment Works, Guhuangcu Scrub- Yixian Sand-Stone Riverway n Wuxi River Grassland County Cleaning, Dam Repair
Scrub- Bank Protection Sand-Stone Bishanxun Zhang River Grassland Works,
Old Water Path Repair, Bank
Scrub- Protection Pingshancu Jiyang River Sand-Stone Grassland Works, n Riverway Cleaning
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Scrub- Bank Protection Grassland Miaolincun Qingxi Sand-Stone Works, And Forest River Dam Repair Land
Scrub- Bank Protection
Chahushan Grassland Works, Shenchongc Sand-Stone Pool And Forest Riverway un Land Cleaning
Scrub-
Grassland Bank Protection Zhanghe Sand-Stone Tuanjiecun And Forest Works, River Land
Bank Protection Scrub- Qimen Huanglongc Huangxie Sand-Stone Works, Grassland County un River Riverway Cleaning
Bank Protection Scrub- Kengkoucu Wenshan Sand-Stone Maintenance, Grassland n River Riverway Cleaning
Scrub- Grassland Sand-Stone Luxicun Chaxi River And Forest Riverway Land Cleaning
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County Project Bottom Bank Construction or Name Present Situation Photo Village Material Vegetation Content District
Bank Protection Scrub- Works, Sand-Stone Liuducun Hexi River Grassland Riverway Cleaning
Scrub- Sand-Stone Riverway Lunkengcun Nanxi River Grassland Cleaning
Bank Protection Penglongcu Scrub- Works, Sand-Stone n Wen Stream Grassland Riverway Cleaning
Bank Protection Bare Rock, Works, Taoyuancun Sand-Stone Little scrub- Tuer Stream Riverway Grassland Cleaning
Scrub- Bank Protection Dabeihe Grassland Sand-Stone Works, Zhukoucun River and Forest
Land
Scrub-
Grassland Xiangtancu Changjiang Sand-Stone Riverway and Forest n River Cleaning Land
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5.2 Main environmental influence by water conservancy facility works
5.2.1 Ecological influence
During construction, the influence on ecological environment caused by small water conservancy facility works related to this project mainly reflects in following aspects:
(1) Influence for land: permanent land mainly concentrate on excavation of drainage ditch, building of retaining dam, building of slope protection, construction of irrigation channel etc, occupied land mainly are farmland and flood land; for example, for training works for Putaoyuan water channel at Qiankoucun, Huizhou District, the water channel shall be widened to draw off flood, it will occupy wasteland and few farmland after site survey. Temporary land mainly is construction machinery, construction site and mud-dumping area, waste disposal area etc.
(2) Mechanical operation: the influences of mechanical operation on ecological environment mainly are ground vegetation is rolled and photosynthesis and respiratory action of plant is affected by dust on plant leaves.
(3) Water and soil loss: during construction, excavation of drainage ditch and irrigation channel, building of concrete dike, building of motor revetment, dredge of sideman, repair of dam may cause water and soil loss.
(4) Influence on wild animals and aquatic organism: it mainly concentrate on construction period.
5.2.1.1 Influence on vegetation
The influence on vegetation caused by small water conservancy facility works related to this project mainly reflect in following two aspects: permanent occupied land reduced the vegetation area of shrubby grassland, forest land of some rivers and water channels as Putaoyuan water channel, and also reduced few farmlands. On the other hand, some temporary occupied land in construction period as mud-dumping area, waste disposal area will damage ground vegetation; its recovery will last a period of time.
According to site survey, the small water conservancy facility construction works related to this project mainly concentrate around villages. Due to repeated manual reformation, repair and construction, frequent human activities, the ecological environment along the project mainly are manual ecological system; the vegetation mainly are artificially planted plants, farmland, man-made forest, grassland, wasteland and bush; crops mainly are rice, rape, corn, cotton, peanut etc.; forest vegetation mainly are manually planted tea-oil tree, tea garden etc.; manual forest as spruce, bamboo, masson pine and scrub-grassland as cattail, couch-grass, artemisia,
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Puccinellia tenuiflora mainly distribute along the river.
According to field survey, the influence on vegetation caused by small water conservancy facility works related to this project mainly are the occupation of flood-land and waste land and few farmland, and influence of local ecological function and ecological benefit. Permanent occupied land of this project mainly concentrate in excavation section of drainage ditch and irrigation channel, bank protection and filling section and retaining dam construction section, because the occupied bank vegetation and farmland vegetation are spreaded widely at surrounding area and the construction scale of water conservancy facility related to this project is small, therefore, regional vegetation diversity will be lightly affected. After the completion of construction, green construction and recovered vegetation will remedy species diversity of vegetation and loss of biomass.
Meanwhile, with the execution of such project as comprehensive improvement of revetment, water surface construction of landscape, ecological retaining wall, etc. the greening works shall be conducted along the bank of Fengle River, Henghe River, Machuan River, Nanmen River and their branch of Yangjiao River, Sunchuan Stream and Nanxi River. On one hand, the execution of this project will improve the water and soil loss at both side of river; on the other hand, with the execution of greening works, ecological gallery with clean water and green trees will be formed, this kind of artificial ecosystem will obviously exert the ecological benefit and also will further perfect regional ecological integrity and its structure and function.
5.2.1.2 Effect on terrestrial animal resources
The effect on terrestrial animal caused by the small water conservancy facility related to this project mainly concentrate on construction period, key influence are: works construction noise and light disturb their normal life; construction may cause water and air pollution etc.
The small water conservancy facility works related to this project mainly concentrate near village, belonging to agricultural reclamation area, the terrestrial animals at project area are all common species, including birds, beasts, underground small animals, wild beasts consist of hare and hedgehog. During the construction, the habitat of these birds and beasts is destroyed, construction noise, dust, frequent human activities will scare the wild animals in this area, the birds living in this area will firstly be affected, and they will fly to other place for temporary living environment. The works influence area is small and the animals have strong moving ability, they will quickly move to far and safe place, therefore, the project will slightly influence the animals.
The works construction noise and light also will disturb terrestrial and wild animals, for example, it will affect the day and night activity rule of some animals. While, according to field survey,
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the project area already has been artificial area dominating human activity, wild animals are few within this area, and the animals living in this area have strong adaptability, hence, this influence is light.
In general, the small water conservancy facility works related to this project will not be harmful to the living of terrestrial animals, the influence toit is temporary and recoverable, after the completion of construction, and their living environment will be recovered step by step.
5.2.1.3 Effect on aquatic organism
Such projects as sediment dredging, diversion weir operation will increase suspended solids in river at short time, this will affect the normal photosynthesis of phytoplankton, thus causing damage to production of plankton, and also will affect the food resource of other creatures as fish and shrimp; meanwhile, it also will disturb benthos at local water area, the decrease of sediment will cause loss of benthos.
The space-time distribution, quantity changes of plankton are closely related to water transparency, while, during construction, sediment dredging and damming operation will produce some suspended solids, those suspended solids will spread with the change of water flow field and then form a limited high-concentration distribution area of suspended matters to lead to decrease of local water transparency, and affect the growth of plankton. during dredging operation, suction and stir will cause re-suspension and spread of pollution sediment at local water field, the actual condition of dredging operation of Dian Lake shows that the SS concentration of water field within 15m centralizing in reamer of suction dredge rise obviously, release rate of N and P pollutant rise 1-2 times, while, the effect on water environment beyond 15m is not obvious. Therefore, during the river dredging and damming operation, the effect of SS on river quality is limited, after construction, disturbed sediment will continuously settle and dilute due to its gravity and the flow of river water; therefore, this project will lightly influence the plankton in river.
Benthos is one of the important types of river aquatic organisms of aquatic ecosystems, due to low benthos activities ability of benthos, its survival is affected by environmental change obviously; the most direct influence is reductio of river sediment caused by rivers dredging and diversion weir operations, thus resulting in loss of benthos. But in general, only the process of dredging and diversion weir will disturb local benthos, after the construction, with the gradual stability of bottom sediment, the surrounding benthos will gradually occupy the damaged habitat, species number and biomass will have a slow recovery process. Although dredging operations and diversion weir will cause reduce of benthos, the species in river channel are common species, and the effect is temporary, with the end of the project construction and stability of
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sediment at the bottom of the river, the living environment of benthos will return to normal. Therefore, the influence on benthos caused by the small water conservancy facility related to this project is acceptable.
5.2.1.4 Disposal for riverway cleaned matter
This project is provided with cleaning length of 48.82km, cleaning volume of 275,100m3, 26 treated hilly pools and cleaning sediment of 34,500m3. According to field survey of involved rivers(refer to Table 5.1-1), most rivers involved in the project and dredging rivers are of gravel substrate, such as Caoxi River, Lingjin River, Xingcun River, Fengxi River, Wenshan River, Wenxi River etc. They accounts for 97% of clean quantity. The gravel cleaned in river improvement project mainly are eroded form hilly area, can be used for other projects in this project, such as road construction, revetment filling etc. or used for other new village building project, slug waste is not allowable. several rivers are of silt sediment, river cleaning content is not suitable for reuse, such as Tiaolongai Canal, Putaoyuan Canal and so on, nearby low-lying abandoned field is mainly chose for elevating ground to account for about 3% of the cleaning quantity. Sediment sampling analysis obtained from Wuxi River of Guhuangcun in Yixian County is used for assessment, the results of the analysis are as shown in Table 5.2 1.
The riverways in this project all are of mountainous rivers; the ecological environment at upstream is favorable and is free of industrial pollution. The clearing substances in the riverway mainly cover the gravel and sludge scoured from the mountainous area, there is a small amount of domestic garbage in the riverway inside partial villages. The bottom mud sampling analysis is performed by selecting Wuxi River in Guhuangcun of Yixian County for this evaluation, the analysis results are as shown in Table 5.2-1.
Table5.2-1 Monitoring Result of Bottom Mud at Representative River Channel(Mg/Kg) Sampling point As Hg Se Wuxi River, Sampling point1 17.8 0.072 0.01(L) Guhuangcun, Sampling point2 18.3 0.088 0.01(L) Yixian County Sampling point3 17.4 0.076 0.01(L) According to sediment test results executed by environmental monitoring station of Huangshan City , the heavy metal pollutant accumulated in sediment is less, and much lower than the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB4284-84) and Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618-1995), thus, the cleared sediment form river can meet agricultural sludge condition and can be used for backfilling and then used as farmland after second ploughing, its heavy metal content will not affect the growth of crops and human health. It can be observed that such poisonous and harmful ingredients as heavy metal are not included at the the bottom mud cleared from the riverway
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5.2.2 Effect on surface water environment
The influence on surface water environment caused by the small water conservancy facility related to this project mainly concentrates during construction period.
5.2.2.1 Effect of water construction operation on water quantity
The sediment dredging and diversion weir operation will cause re-suspension and spreading of pollution sediment at local water field due to suction and stirring. Monitoring results for suspended matter in Shayinghe Channel dredging project refer to Table 5.2-2.
Table 5.2-2 Monitoring Result for Suspended Matter in Shayinghe Channel dredging Project
Standard Value ≤80 mg/L Stake Mark Of Sampling Sampling Date September,22th,2012 September,23th,2012 Monitoring Mean Monitoring Mean Point Sampling Position Result Value Result Value Left Bank,50m to Upstream 48 mg/L 33 mg/L 36 mg/L 38 mg/L Right Bank,50m to Upstream 24 mg/L 42 mg/L Left Bank,50m to Downstream 53 mg/L 51 mg/L K85+000 54 mg/L 54 mg/L (HD-04 Right Bank,50m to Downstream 55 mg/L 57 mg/L section) Left Bank,100m to Downstream 47 mg/L 48 mg/L 53 mg/L 50 mg/L Bank,100m to Downstream 59 mg/L 51 mg/L Left Bank,200m to Downstream 39 mg/L 40 mg/L 47 mg/L 41 mg/L
This shows SS in water within 100m around such project construction as sediment dredging and diversion weir operation is obviously increased, the added value of SS concentration at 50m is about 16-20mg/L, with expansion of distance, this influence will be gradually decreased beyond construction site 200m, SS concentration is lower than 4mg/L, suspended sediment have little influence for this time, with the end of the construction, this influence will disappear quickly.
5.2.2.2 Effect on domestic sewage at construction camp
Because small water conservancy facilities construction project involving in the project has the characteristics as small quantities, scattered construction sites, therefore, the construction camp is relatively small but widely distributed, if mishandled, produced sewage will directly discharge into rivers, and will pollute surrounding water body.
Due to small water conservancy facilities in the construction project, construction personnel is accounted for about 10 people, average water consumption per person per day in the region is about 80L, domestic sewage discharge coefficient is 0.8, calculated domestic sewage produced from construction camp is about 0.6 t/d. by analogy, the main pollutant concentration of domestic sewage of construction camps are shown in Table 5.2 3.
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Table 5.2-3 Analog Value of Main Pollutant Concentration of Domestic Sewage at Construction Camp
Key Pollutant SS BOD5 COD TN TP Concentration(Mg/L) 55 110 250 20 4
The small water conservancy facilities construction projects involving in this project mainly concentrated near villages, it is suggested to use village public toilets for the construction camp; If the existing public toilets are unable to be used, it is suggested that the construction camp shall build the public toilets, a septic tank shall be provided to treat the sewage and drainage it into surrounding wasteland or ditches.
5.2.3 Atmospheric environmental influence
The influence on air environment caused by the small water conservancy facility related to this project mainly concentrates on construction period. During construction period, the air effect mainly comes from the effect of sludge riverway clean matter on surrounding air, pollution for sediment containing organic matter will cause repugnant substance to be released without texture(mainly are Ammonia, hydrogen sulphid, volatile hydrogen ,volatile alcohol and aldehyde) when being disturbed or stacked on ground to affect the surrounding air quality. According to the survey, the pollution of sediment at river bottom related to this project is light, the sediment has little foul odor. Its stench strength is about Grade 1-2, influence range is about 20m, when there is wind, influence range at downwind direction is large. According to feasibility study report, the clean matter form river with sediment mainly shall be used to elevate ground at adjacent wasteland. Selection of location shall be far away such air sensitive object above downwind direction100m as residential area and so on, the fetor caused by sediment will not affect surrounding resident obviously. With the completion of various operation area and sediment solidification as well as vegetation recover, the fetor will disappear.
5.2.4 Environmental noise effect
The influence on acoustic environment caused by the small water conservancy facility related to this project mainly concentrates during construction period. In construction period, main noise source comes from some construction machinery used for dike reinforcement, revetment operation, diversion weir operation, machinery as dredger, diesel engine, dredge pump etc. Construction machineries are used for sowing grass seed and transporting vehicles. Most noise source are vibratility wide bandwidth sound source of construction machinery,Construction Noise Analogy Survey Result refer to 5.2-4.
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Table 5.2-4 Main Construction Noise Source Strength Noise Level Item Main Noise Source Db(A) Dike Consolidating, Bank Protection Mechanical Equipment, Bulldozer 85-100 Operation, Damming Operation Dredging Construction Grab, Dredger, Dredge Pump 85-100
Waste Disposal Area Transporting Vehicles, Bulldozer 70-85
According to superposition of acoustic feature, it can be predicted that the construction of waste disposal area can reduce to the standard of regional environmental requirement beyond 20m at daytime and 60m at night; dredger and excavator will lightly affect residents beyond 100m daytime and 300m at night. Therefore, the small water conservancy facility construction project involving in this project can meet noise standard beyond 100m at daytime and 300m at night.
The quantity of the small water conservancy facility construction project involving in this project is small, and most of items are moving construction(such as flood control bank protection works, riverway cleaning etc.) to produce short-term influence time to sensitive point, therefore, construction organization is recommended to provide the mobile sound barrier to reduce noise; at same time, night construction shall be strictly prohibited, but if some special cases as damming operation is required to be conducted continuous operation, noise reduction measures shall be taken, construction shall be begun only after informing the construction time and location to surrounding residents, and reporting to environmental protection department for filing.
5.2.5 Solid waste effect
The solid wastes during construction period mainly come from solid waste cleaned from river cleaning project, construction rubbish and domestic rubbish of construction workers. These all belong to solid waste.
The waste earth and slug produced from this project cannot be dumped into ditches but can be used for filling subgrade or leveling ground to make full use of waste earth based on the condition of other works. Few cleaning matter of sediment form river bottom are not suitable for reuse, it is mainly used for elevating the ground of adjacent waste disposal area.
The domestic garbage of construction workers shall be collected intensively, and be disposed by local domestic garbage disposal organization.
5.2.6 Positive environment benefit analysis
(1) After the execution of riverway cleaning project of this project, sediment at river bottom and rubbish in water are cleaned, the hydrodynamic condition will change(water depth is increased, water speed is quicken),thus quickening the change of energy flow/ material flow of river water,
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and increase water environmental capacity, improving water quality.
Meanwhile, the change of river hydrodynamic environment will be beneficial to survival and reproduction of aquatic creatures, its valid survival environment and the site area will be expanded. In the long-term running, channel dredging removes the river sediment and water wastes to be conducive to reproduction of all kinds of creatures, but also cut off the movement and enrichment of part pollutants in the food chain, thus improving the survival environment of aquatic organisms.
(2) Consolidate the riverway, reduce water and soil loss
After the execution of dike reinforcement, revetment comprehensive renovation, ecological retaining wall, embankment, slope protection and bank protection are conducted for consolidation and revetment construction, thus, the implementation of this project is conducive to steady riverway, protect bank slope and further reduce the risk of soil erosion.
(3) Build the ecological corridor, beautify bank landscape
With the implementation of flood control revetment greenproject of this project, Fengle River, Jindaixi River, Henghe River, Machuan River, Nanmen River and their branches Yangjiao River, Sunchuan Stream, Wuxi River, Zhanghe River, Huanglongkou River, Shunxi River, Liudu River, Nanxi River etc. will be greened, on the one hand, the water and soil loss on both sides of the river are improved, on the other hand, with the implementation of greening projects, ecological corridor with clear water, green trees will be formed to obviously improve the river bank landscape and comfort the residents on both bank sides.
(4) Strengthen the construction of irrigation channel, promote development of agriculture
The aged and unrepaired irrigation channels are conducted anti-seepage lining in this project, destroyed section water repaired with concrete, channel bottom is cleaned; diversion weir, reservoirs, hilly pool are reinforced and repaired with mortar-lying, the project implementation can greatly reduce the leak rate of water resources, improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and actively promote agricultural development.
(5) Motivate Local Tourist Development, Promote Regional Economy Development
The implementation of suchproject as Gushuikou repair, outside water system recover will promote the development of local tourist and promote regional economy development.
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5.3 Pollution Prevention & Control and Ecological Protection Measures
5.3.1 Ecological protection measures
5.3.1.1 Wild plants and animals protection measures
(1) Reasonably arrange the working time. Since morning, dusk and evening are the peak period for wild animals’ activities, breeding and foraging. So, when constructing in the beach wetland, construction time shall be optimized to avoid the peak period of wild animals’ activities as much as possible.
(2) Wild animals’ protection on river beach: The publicity work for construction environmental protection shall be done during the construction to strictly prohibit injuring such provincial key protective animals as bufo raddei strauchs, bufo gargarizans and tortoises which may be encountered during construction period. When encountering a wild animal suffering the accidental injury, you shall promptly contact with local wildlife protection agency and hand over this situation to be treated by professionals.
(3) Strictly control the beach occupation. Setting up construction camps and the storage yard of construction materials are strictly prohibited on the beach.
(4) After constructing embankment strengthening project and bank protection project, preferential consideration shall be given to embankment and revetment greening, this shall be combined with cement concretes and masonries reasonably. Revetment greening and bank greening shall together constitute ecological corridor.
5.3.1.2 Topsoil collection measures
Before the cleaning substances from the riverway with sludge bottom are used to pad the ground, the construction organization shall perform striping, carrying and centralized stacking to the topsoil in the waste site to be used to restore and reclaim temporary land after construction completion. Reclamation, grass-planting and landscaping can be preformed according to actual situation after completing construction.
5.3.2 Water pollution control measures
(1) It is suggested that the operation involved with water such as riverway cleaning, water retaining dam filling and revetment treating, etc shall be conducted during dry season and construction time shall be shortened so as to reduce the disturbance to water as much as possible.
(2) Since the construction project of small water conservancy facilities involved in this project are mainly centralized near the villages, it is suggested that public toilets in the villages can be
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used in construction camps. If existing public toilets cannot be used, it is suggested that concentrated public toilets shall be built in the construction camps and the septic tanks shall be set up to treat the sewage, after that, the water shall be drained to the waste lands or ditches nearby.
(3) The dredger with a reamer of a smaller radius shall be selected for construction so as to reduce the disturbance-radius and reduce the influences to water quality by bottom sludge in the riverway during dredging.
(4) Settling tanks shall be set in blender front-platform, concrete-pump and flushing site of transport vehicles. Wastewater cannot be drained into the river directly and it shall be recycled or used to watering and rust-fall.
(5) The scattered materials in the construction site shall be cleaned timely. Rainwater flushing and leaching prevention measures shall be taken to materials stacking, in case the materials are rushed into the riverway to pollute the water.
5.3.3 Environmental air pollution control measures
The main affects to environmental air during the construction of this project are from the flowing dust during project constructions such as riverway-cleaning and drainage ditch-excavating construction, etc and vehicles transport.
5.3.3.1 Control measures for stench pollution
(1) Cleaning substances in the riverway with sludge bottom are used to pad the ground of selected waste site nearby. It is suggested that site-selecting shall be away from residential areas and environments of down-wind above 100m of air sensitive target as much as possible so as to reduce stench influence on the residents around.
(2) Riverway cleaning project shall be conducted during dry season, and winter is the best, because the smell of bottom sludge is difficult to spread. Therefore, stench affects to the residents around can be relieved. Simultaneous and section construction shall be preformed and the bottom sludge dug shall be transported timely.
(3) It is noted that individual protection for the constructors shall be well done and protecting appliances shall be given out to the constructors, and check-out may be conducted at any time.
5.3.3.2 Control measures for flowing dust pollution
(1) The closed vehicles must be employed for transportation for bottom sludge, earthwork, and muck and construction wastes. The vehicles cleaning facilities shall be set in the exit and entrance on the construction site. When exiting, the vehicles shall be cleaned up and no sludge or sand can be carried out of the site.
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(2) Such effective measures as covering, solidifying, greening and watering, etc shall be taken in the construction site. Watering and sweeping measures shall be used to prevent and control the road dust in the construction site.
(3) Cement and other easily flying building materials of fine particles shall be in closed storage. Lime and sand on the construction site shall be centralized and covered in the stacking yard.
(4) When encountering wind weather above Grade IV, backfilling and transportation of bottom sludge and earthwork as well as other constructions to result in flowing dust cannot be preformed.
(5) Vegetations shall be recovered after using the temporary land so as to prevent water loss and soil erosion.
(6) The construction machinery and vehicles with low energy consumption and low discharging of pollutants shall be selected as many as possible. The vehicles that the exhaust emission is out of limit shall be installed with tail gas cleaning device to reinforce the management and maintenance of machinery and vehicles and reduce the air pollution resulted from poor conditions of machinery and vehicles.
5.3.4 Control measures for noise pollution
During construction, working time when the equipments produce the noises must be strictly controlled and managed to strictly prohibit using the equipments with high-noise at night, meanwhile, select the positions and directions for placing equipments. Notice that natural conditions and buildings (structures) shall be used to reduce noise, so as to make noise to a minimum during the construction.
(1) First try to adopt low-noise equipments when selecting models. For example, replace fuel machinery with hydraulic machinery and adopt high-frequency vibrator. For fixed machinery equipments, earth cutting and moving machineries, such as excavator and bulldozer, etc, the methods such as utilizing exhaust pipe muffler and isolating engine vibration components can be used to reduce noise.
As vibrations of loose components or the damage of the muffler will increase the sound level when equipments is working, therefore regular repair and maintenance shall be performed to power mechanical equipments.
Unused equipments shall be closed promptly. Transport vehicles shall slow down and reduce whistling when entering the site.
(2) Formulate scientific construction plan and arrange reasonable construction time, try to avoid simultaneous use of many high-noise equipments. In addition, the construction time of
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high-noise equipments (such as excavator and blender, etc) shall be arranged in daytime and shall avoid night (22:00~06:00) construction.
At night, cast-in-place concrete and pouring and transporting of large-scale material shall be reduced. If encountering special conditions such as the construction of water retaining dam which requiring continuous operation, try to adopt noise-reduction measures, meanwhile, inform specific construction time and place to the residents around. Only after reporting to environmental protection agency to be filed that the construction can be preformed.
(3) Construction organization shall set mobile sound barriers to noise sensitive spots so as to reduce noise Influences on them.
(4) Mechanical equipments shall be operated in accordance with the rules. When dismounting splash boards and supports, operation regulation shall be observed. When loading and unloading materials, the influence on noise shall be reduced.
(5) Avoid arranging a large number of power mechanical equipments in the same place so as to avoid local over-high sound level. Try to minimize usages of whistle, bell and flute to direct operation while adopting modern communication equipments.
(6) Closed shed shall be erected for strong-noise equipments in the construction site such as electric saw, electric planer, blender, stationary concrete pump and large air compressor, etc which shall be erected in the positions far away from residential areas so as to reduce noise pollution.
(7) Building organization shall do good work about surrounding residents jointly with construction organization, and it shall publish construction period, inform the organizations and residents disturbed by construction before operation and notify the construction progress and the measures taken to reduce noise during the construction to them at all times so as to acquire their common understanding. Moreover, complaints hotline shall be set during the construction period to receive the complaints from disturbed residents and complaint condition shall be dealt with actively.
5.3.5 Control measures for solid waste pollution
(1) Bottom sludge control measure a. Separate the cleaned bottom sludge from excavated undisturbed soil, first clean then excavate soil. b. Closed vehicles shall be adopted to transport bottom sludge for external use so as to prevent scattering along the way and influencing to the landscape and sanitation.
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c. When bottom sludge is transported outside to use for farming and river bank greening, usage amount per mu shall be controlled and it shall be scattered in the land evenly.
(2) Other solid waste pollution control measures a. Special closed garbage truck or closed-container hoisting must be adopted for construction waste clearance. Strictly prohibit scattering in the air. Closed waste-yard shall be set in the construction site and construction waste and household waste shall be deposited in category. b. Gravels, building materials, steels and packing materials abandoned during the construction shall be managed and recycled by special-assigned person. Working face shall be cleaned timely. c. Since the stone, lime-ash, building materials are wasted and abandoned during construction, such project in this project as embankment reinforcing and revetment treating will also produce construction waste. Combined road construction and supporting facilities construction of this project or village & town construction, the construction waste produced in this project shall not be dumped into trenches and channels randomly and shall be used to level the cartilages. Waste slag shall be fully used. d. Life waste produced by construction shall be classified, centralized and collected, and it shall be cleaned and transported uniformly by local sanitation department.
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6 Environmental Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures of Water Supply and Drainage Project
6.1 Current status survey for water supply and drainage facilities
6.1.1 Current status of water supply facility
According to working report of the project and combined site survey, among 68 project villages, centralized water supply facilities have been constructed in 59 villages such as Waibianxicun in Tunxi District and Xixinancun in Huizhou District. But in partial villages, water supply facilities are not complete and water supply penetration is lower. Centralized water supply facilities have been constructed in such 9 villages as Xinjiangcun in Tunxi District and Yanpucun in Xiuning County. Agricultural water irrigation project will be implemented in partial villages latterly, which is not lasted in the implementation scope of this project.
6.1.2 Current status of water drainage facilities
Most villages in this project-involved villages are erected by the mountain. Many villages have been erected a thousand years ago. In the village, ancient architectures are numerous, greening condition is better and the scenic is beautiful. The locations of most villages are intermontane flatlands and avoid flood discharge channel while utilizing terrain to divert water into the village to be used for life, fire control and environmental beauty.
Most water drainage facilities in the villages are of open trench, and a few are culverts with cover-plate. Since there are rich stones, so drainage trenches are built with stones. During dry season, there is still water flowing in the open trench while mixing domestic sewage of peasant households.
According to site survey, lacking of effective system of sewage collection and safe and reliable system of sewage disposal has caused that domestic sewages of partial villages flows here and there and water environment is being deteriorating. Agricultural non-point source is heavily polluted and pesticides and fertilizers have resulted in water quality pollution in riverway. Lacking and incompletion of rainwater drainage system, the water drainage route is not fluent, when encountering the heavy rainfall, ponding phenomena in the streets and lanes of the villages are serious, especially that the water goes into villagers’ houses to cause the property losses.
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Table 6.1-1 Summary Table of Current Status of Water Supply Project Centralized Centralized Centralized Water supply scale/ District Total Leakage Project village water supply water supply Water supply Watersource water demand or County population loss facility population enetration (m3/d) 1-Xinjiangcun 1813 × 0 0 - - Tunxi District 2-Liucun 438 × 0 0 - - - 3-Waibianxicun 2400 ■ 2400 100% District water plant 360 Small 4-Xixinancun 4538 ■ 3000 66% Fengle river 500 Serious 5-Qiankoucun 1940 ■ 1940 100% District water plant 291 Small 6-Kunshacun 1092 ■ 1092 100% District water plant 164 Small 7- Shuyuancun 825 ■ 825 100% District water plant 124 Small Huizhou District 8-Lingshancun 1696 ■ 1696 100% Reservor 300 Serious 9-Qiashecun 1820 ■ 1432 79% River water 120 Small 10-Fuxicun 1701 ■ 505 30% Mountain stream water 70 Small 11-Yangcun 1162 ■ 900 77% Mountain stream water 200 Serious 12-Rao cun 1608 × 0 0 - 0 - 13-Xingcun 1624 ■ 1200 74% Mountain spring water 150 Serious 14-Guocun 1541 ■ 620 40% Mountain spring water 80 Small 15- Longyuacun 1557 ■ 700 45% Mountain spring water 110 Serious 16-Baiguoshucun 2132 ■ 1232 58% Mountain spring water 150 Serious Huangshan District 17-Zhaoyangcun 892 ■ 500 56% Mountain spring water 70 Serious 18-Zhongduncun 2318 ■ 430 19% Mountain spring water 100 Serious 19-Shuxicun 1534 × 0 0 - - - 20-Long shancun 3157 ■ 2670 85% Ground water 500 Small 21-Xinfengcun 2256 ■ 1800 80% Mountain spring water 270 Serious 22-Sanhecun 1532 ■ 134 9% Mountain spring water 70 Small 23-Yongfengcun 2734 ■ 434 16% Mountain spring water 80 Serious Shexian County 24-Xucun 3592 ■ 1638 46% Mountain spring water 259 Serious 25-Shitancun 4572 ■ 2500 55% Mountain spring water 350 Small 26-Yuliangcun 3100 ■ 3100 100% County water plant 400 Small 27-Wenzhengshan 1100 ■ 1100 100% Ground water 140 Small
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Centralized Centralized Centralized Water supply scale/ District Total Leakage Project village water supply water supply Water supply Watersource water demand or County population loss facility population enetration (m3/d) 28-Baojiazhuang 2836 ■ 0 29-Maihuayucun 626 ■ 400 64% Mountain spring water 40 Small 30-Xiongcun 3564 ■ 1564 44% Ground water 250 Small 31-Tangyuecun 3999 ■ 840 21% District water plant 126 Small 32-Shenducun 1777 ■ 1777 100% Ground water 250 Serious 33-Changxicun 3682 ■ 3682 100% Mountain spring water 300 Small 34-Fuyecun 3571 ■ 3000 84% Ground water 300 Serious 35-Beiancun 3385 ■ 3385 100% Town water plant 500 Small 36- Zhanqicun 2484 ■ 2484 100% Town water plant 350 Small 37-Jiekoucun 1768 ■ 1700 96% Mountain spring water 200 Serious 38-Zheng cun 4356 ■ 4356 100% County water plant 653 Small 39-Hongqincun 3024 ■ 40-Hongfeicun 1470 ■ 41-Zhangtan cun 1433 ■ 1433 100% Mountain spring water 200 Small 42-Miantancun 2048 ■ 1400 68% Mountain spring water 100 Small 43-Suncun 1909 ■ 1909 100% Mountain spring water 100 Serious 44-Langsicun 1097 ■ 120 11% - 20 - 45-Tianlicun 1736 ■ 779 45% Mountain spring water 30 Serious 46-Huaqiaocun 1510 × 0 0 - - - Xiuning County 47-Yanjiaocun 1024 ■ 914 89% Ground water 100 Serious 48-Yanpucun 1937 × 0 0 - - - 49-Huangcun 788 × 0 0 - - - 50-Wanxi cun 1665 ■ 800 48% County water plant 100 Small 51-Bishancun 2698 ■ 2698 100% Mountain stream water 150 Small 52-Guhuangcun 1984 ■ 1740 88% Mountain stream water 250 Small Yixian County 53-Pingsha cun 1083 ■ 1083 100% County water plant 150 Small 54-Miaolincun 945 ■ 421 45% Mountain spring water 70 Small 55-Shenchongcun 689 ■ 689 100% County water plant 100 Small 56-Tuanjiecun 2023 ■ 800 40% Zhangshui river 100 Serious
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Centralized Centralized Centralized Water supply scale/ District Total Leakage Project village water supply water supply Water supply Watersource water demand or County population loss facility population enetration (m3/d) 57-Huanglongcun 1275 ■ 675 53% Mountain spring water 100 Small 58-Huan shacun 1159 ■ 759 65% Mountain spring water 100 Small 59-Kengkoucun 1277 × 0 0 - - - 60-Lixicun 710 ■ 710 100% Mountain spring water 70 Small 61-Liuducun 1242 ■ 224 18% Mountain spring water 50 Serious Qimen county 62-Luxicun 2182 ■ 2182 100% Mountain spring water 250 Serious 63-Lunkengcun 630 ■ 520 83% Mountain spring water 50 Serious 64-Mashancun 590 ■ 590 100% Mountain spring water 80 Small 65-Penglongcun 1535 ■ 1080 70% Mountain spring water 100 Small 66-Taoyuancun 943 × 0 0 - - - 67-Xiangtancun 1406 ■ 1406 100% Mountain spring water 180 Serious 68-Zhekoucun 950 ■ 900 95% Mountain spring water 60 Serious Total 129684 59
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Current status of water supply facilities in project-involved villages
Current status of open channels in project-involved villages
Current status of covered channels in project-involved villages
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6.1.3 Current main problems of water supply facilities
6.1.3.1 Water supply
(1) Being influenced by terrain, landform, hydrogeologic condition and the development of agriculture and industry in modern society, besides household garbage and sewage are directly discharged into riverway, streams and rivers, which have led to that water quality is polluted to some extent and safety and sanitation of drinkable water quality are difficult to guarantee.
(2) Annual areal rainfall distribution is extremely uneven. Most rainfall concentrates during May to July to account for about 70% of annual rainfall. Though water resource is rich, riverbed in the area is larger, so the availability of water resource is low. Rainfall in Aug to Feb. in the next year is less, so droughty falls and dry winters are commonly seen and water resource is lacking. In addition, the forest in the area is over-felled and vegetations is seriously damaged, which lead to decline of water storing and retaining capacity of the forest and lose its function of water conservation. Whenever encountering 20 to 30 days without rain, lacking drinking water occurs in many places.
(3) Though partial villages have installed centralized water supply facilities, with the development of tourism and increase of population, existing water supply cannot meet the requirements of local society and economic development. As previous investments are limited and a portion of pipe network and facilities have been aged, update and improvement of which is urgent.
6.1.3.2 Water drainage
(1) Sections of open channels are occupied. According to reflecting by some villagers, since occupying sections of water drainage by village constructions have occur often in recent years, rainwater will overflow to the lanes and streets in the villages even enter to peasants’ households when encountering downpour to result in economic losses.
(2) Lacking of management maintenance. Water drainage system in the old villages is constructed together with the villages’ construction, so it has lasted for a long term. Damages of channels often occur. A portion of houses are built across the channels to lead to losing management maintenance conditions of the channels. At present, “Hollow Village” phenomena in the villages are serious, channel drainage water lacks of management of specially-assigned person, and plastic bags and beverage bottles can be seen everywhere are without treatment by person.
(3) Environmental degradation. The stream is led into the villages by the ancients, to cross the villages and bypass the households, and, the greening trees presents the shade along the stream; women wash their clothes; children play, presenting particular fun. However, domestic sewage
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of the villages is drained nearby to affect water quality to some extent. Weeds spring up in the channel to affect the environmental landscape.
In conclusion, there are many deficiencies in existing water drainage facilities in project villages. Drinking water safety in villages is under threat and the development of rural tourism is restricted. In a portion of villages, overland flow occurs in rainy day and being flooded of residents’ households happen from time to time, which have influenced rural life level. Falling behind of sewage treatment facilities has also influenced the improvement of environmental quality in the whole Xin’anjiang basin.
6.2 Main environmental influence by water supply and drainage project
6.2.1 Ecological influence
6.2.1.1 Water loss and soil erosion influence
(1) Pipeline construction
In pipe network construction, earth-rock excavation will be conducted; meanwhile, epibiotic vegetations will be eradicated to lead to adverse influence on existing vegetations in the area. Damages to vegetation during construction period cannot be avoided, which will lead to exposed surface soil in project area. Earth excavation, stacking and storage of available spoil and backfilling of low-lying sections will change the original landform to lead to soil erosion, water loss and soil erosion must be increased in the project area during rainy season. Therefore, during project construction period, the contractor shall strictly implement various soil and water conservation measures, compact exposed surface soil timely and guarantee not leading to water loss and soil erosion phenomenon. It is noted that earthwork shall be reasonably stacked to keep a certain distance from sewage and riverway on the construction site. Construction materials and earthwork-discarded not transported and cleared timely shall be covered by tarpaulin in the climates of strong wind or heavy rain.
Discarded earthwork occurs after pipe network in the project in the proper stacking place and cannot be piled up randomly. Provided that the soil and water conservation scheme and management measures are strictly observed, water loss and soil erosion influence occurred by pipe network during construction period can be controlled within the scope.
(2) Building construction
Water losses and soil erosion in building construction is showing by following two aspects: Earth’ surface is excavated with the vegetations damaged, which will be eroded during a rainfall. Original vegetations in various temporary lands are damaged, which aggravate local water
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losses and soil erosion, for example, when stork yard and temporary stack yard of discarded soil are not managed properly, water losses and soil erosion forms such as sheet erosion, shallow gully erosion are easy to happen.
Engineering construction will damage the vegetation of original landscape and change natural movement shape of original surface water, which have weaken the anti-erosion ability of surface soil and increased surface runoff and erosion intensity. If timely and reasonable prevention and protection measures for water losses and soil erosion by project construction are not taken, certain damages must be caused.
6.2.1.2 Permanent land influence
Building construction site belongs to permanent land. First eradicating crops and turfs will lower vegetation coverage and is easy lead to a small amount of water losses and soil erosion. Second, earthwork excavation and backfilling have changed soil structure and lower soil maturation, which will influence soil productivity after reclamation but will not influence land utilization type. Permanent lands of all sewage disposal plants are mainly farmlands, which will reduce lands of peasants. Local government has made compensation scheme and readjust crop lands. The employer will give certain economic compensation to villagers whose lands are occupied in accordance with national regulation.
6.2.1.3 Temporary land influence
Pipe network construction site belongs to temporary land. Strict measures shall be taken to protect surface soil in temporary land construction so as to avoid causing unrecoverable Influence. When excavating during the construction, surface soil shall be collected and stacked solely and water loss and soil erosion prevention and control measures shall be taken. After completing construction, first subsurface soil shall be used for backfilling, and then, of which surface shall be covered evenly by the surface soil. The site shall be leveled to reduce Influences on the land quality. Provided planning is noticed in the construction period and site cleaning and greening are conducted timely after construction, its adverse Influences can be controlled effectively.
6.2.1.4 Influence on landscape ecology
Duringproject construction of pipe network, the place for pipe network will become quite messy as a matter of road breaking and excavating as well as earthwork stacking. Though there is fencing to separate, construction sites will always leave a chaos impression to people. Leakage and scattering during transport of earthwork-discarded will not only lead to dirty pavement and road dust, but also bring about adverse effects to the landscape around. Therefore, completing cleaning work of the construction site appears especially important. The adverse effects to the
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landscape during project construction period are short-term and recoverable.
6.2.2 Water environmental influence
6.2.2.1 Pipeline construction
As living facilities for the constructors are relatively concentrated, if domestic sewage is directly discharged in the construction period, it is easy to cause pollution to the water nearby. Therefore, domestic sewage produced by the constructors shall be used to field irrigation, after which has reach the standard and cannot be discharged randomly. It is suggested borrowing existing living facilities of local villagers. Thus, domestic sewage produced by project constructors will have little Influence on the environment.
Construction wastewater is mainly from flushing water of vehicles and mechanical equipments and mechanical equipment maintenance, etc. The main pollutants are SS and petroleum, if wastewater is not treated and directly discharged, this will have an Influence on the surface water quality. Therefore, the following disposal requirements are put forwarded to construction wastewater:
The construction width for most pipe groove excavation shall be within the construction range from central line of the pipe to both sides 5~10m so as to reduce the area of construction land. Within this range, set up settling tank to treat the ish water of the cars and mechanical equipments is not suitable. Given this, environmental assessment suggests that cars and mechanical equipments shall not be flushed on construction site and shall be transferred to special flushing site for implementation. Meanwhile, the construction period shall avoid rainy season as much as possible.
There will be oil leakage during mechanical equipment maintenance. Oil leaked must be recycled by bucket-connected method and poured into waste oil tank after collecting by special plastic buckets, and waste oil procurement agencies will come to buy. If waster oil drops on the ground, it shall be wiped out timely by cotton yarns. After taking the above measures, waste oil produced by mechanical equipment maintenance will have little Influences on external environment.
6.2.2.2 Building construction
Such project implementation in the building construction period as site cleaning, concrete compounding and maintenance and construction installation, etc will produce a certain amount of construction wastewater. Besides, a great many of constructors will required in the construction period, which will produce e a certain amount of domestic sewage.
The main pollutants contained by construction wastewater, which has a small discharge amount,
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are suspended solids and oil, etc. Wastewater settling tank shall be set in construction site. After various wastewaters are collected and precipitated, it will be recycled to site watering and dust suppression , and will not be discharged to surface water.
6.2.2.3 Water environmental influences during the works operating
The wastewater in the water supply works during the operation is mainly daily domestic sewage from pumping station and pipeline maintenance personnel, which has a small amount and distributes in districts and counties, and has a little Influence on water environment.
The Influences on water environment in the water-drainage works during the works operating mainly come from the sewage discharged after being treated by sewage treatment facility. After sewage treatment facility is set up and in operation, the sewage will be transported by pipe network organically and treated intensively. The water discharged is tail water that has been treated and reached the standard. Concentration and discharge of the pollutant will decline greatly to produce good affects on improving the pollution status of the riverway system. Meanwhile, water environment will be improved obviously, which will be beneficial to the environment.
No industries in the range of these project villages and the sewage is all rural domestic sewage, and water quality is relatively stable. After rural domestic sewage is treated, in principle, discharged water quality shall be in accordance with Grade I standard of Comprehensive Discharging Standard for Wastewater (GB8978-1996). Discharged water quality of tail water that is mainly used for agriculture such as irrigation, etc is recommended to be in accordance with water standard Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005).
According to work report, the newly increased treatment capability of sewage treatment engineer is 1595 m3/d. Compute based on water enter and discharge standard designed, the reduced amount of main pollutants are as following table:
Table 6.2-1 Computation table for reduced amount of main pollutants
Pollution factor CODCr BOD5 TSS NH3-N TP Designed inflowing water quality (mg/l) 350 150 180 30 5 Designed outflowing water quality (mg/l) 100 30 70 15 0.5 Reduction volume (kg/d) 396.25 190.2 174.35 23.775 7.1325
It can be known from above table that the construction and operation of sewage treatment project have obviously reduced the pollutants. Therein, CODCr is reduced 396.25 kg/d and
BOD5 is reduced 190.2 kg/d, and total suspended solids are reduced 174.35 kg/d. NH3-N and TP are also reduced to different extents. Moreover, this project construction content also includes repairs of polluted riverway 2 and pool 1. Therefore, from a general view, apparent improvement has been shown by the area water environment.
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The sewages of are 4 villages in this project have been brought into the municipal sewage pipe network and will be treated by corresponding sewage treatment plant. The specific conditions are as shown in Table 6.2-2.
Table 6.2-2 Analysis Sewage Collection and Injection Situation Sewage Environmental Design treatment Supervisory Monitoring treatment Treatment Operation Village name plant Agency for Authority capacity technology situation proposed to Operation during the (t/d) connect operation Tanjiaqiao Huangshanqu Huangshanqu Zhongduncun 2 Will be Sewage A /O Environment Environment in Huangshan 1500 constructed Treatment Protection Monitoring District technology simultaneously Plant Authority Station Cyclic Huangshanqu Huangshanqu Raocun in Huangshanqu activated Well operated Environment Environment Huangshan sewage 30000 sludge since 2008 Protection Monitoring District treatment plant technology Authority Station Huangshanshi Huangshanshi Huangshanshi Waibianxicun Orbal Sewage Well operated Environment Environment in Tunxi 50000 oxidation ditch Treatment since 2005 Protection Monitoring District technology Plant Authority Station Cyclic Huizhouqu Qiankoucun Huizhouqu Huizhouqu activated Well operated Environment in Huizhou Treatment 20000 environment sludge since 2011 Protection District Plant monitoring station technology Authority
Sewage Treatment Plant in Huangshan City, Sewage Treatment Plant in Huangshan District and Sewage Treatment Plant in Huizhou District all has transacted relevant environmental protection procedure, stable operating with standard reaching has lasted for many years. The sludge from Sewage Treatment Plant in Huangshan City and Sewage Treatment Plant in Huizhou District has been brought into the disposal in landfill for urban domestic garbage in Huangshan City conforming to the stipulation by state, The sludge from Sewage Treatment Plant in Huangshan City has been brought into the disposal in landfill for urban domestic garbage in Huangshan District conforming to the stipulation by state. The sewage emission monitoring for these three sewage treatment plants is conducted respectively by Environment Monitoring Station in Huangshan City, Huangshan District and Huizhou District, the Environmental Protection Authority is responsible for the supervision and management.
Tanjiaqiao Sewage Treatment Plant in Huangshan District belongs to the planning and construction of sewage treatment plant, the first draft of feasibility study for project has been completed but has not been approved yet; in addition, the environmental impact assessment has not yet been developed. This project is planned to be commenced in 2014 and completed as well as put into use together with the sewage pipe network synchronously. The WB subproject is of sewage pipe network project in township, it is predicted that the sewage collected by sewage pipe network is about 700 t/day. The assessment for Tanjiaqiao Sewage Treatment Plant shall
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refer to the environment assessment document prepared according to the requirements of state and WB. The operating conditions (sewage discharge and sludge disposal) for this sewage treatment plant is required to be collected for this project monitoring during operating period.
6.2.3 Atmospheric environmental influence
6.2.3.1 Atmospheric environmental influence during the construction
The pollution of construction period to air mainly comes from flowing dust of running construction vehicles, storage yard and mixing as well as exhaust of vehicle.
The flowing dust of construction site, which takes 60% of total dust emission, is mainly produced by running transport vehicles and related to road pavement and vehicle running speed according to relevant investigation. The influence scope of flowing dust, which is produced by construction site and construction road under the function of natural wind is within 100m. The dust emission and influence scope will be expanded in strong wind day. Spoil, sandy material and lime will also cause flowing dust with the 100m influence scope if they are not be covered properly or be scattered when loading and unloading.
The air storage of excavation earthwork is another situation of construction flowing dust. The main characteristic of this flowing dust is that it will be affected by wind speed when operating. In addition, the faster running vehicle speed, the more dust emission of road because the dust emission related to vehicle speed.
The survey results of analogy show that approximately 70% flowing dust can be reduced if watering road 4～5times every day. The actual survey results of dust fall thronging watering on construction site are given in table 6.2-3.
Table 6.2-3 Survey results of dust fall thronging watering Distance to construction site (m) 5 20 50 100 No watering 10.14 2.89 1.15 0.86 TSP（average hour）/mg·m3 Watering 2.01 1.40 0.67 0.6
The concentration of flowing dust is reduced dramatically and its influence scope from 5～ 100m reduced to 5～50 m after taking watering and dust fall measures (watering 4～5 times every day) according to the data in table.
The influence of construction flowing dust to surroundings is exwasted because there are schools and residential areas distributed along pipe network of item. Although this influence is temporary and it will be over with the end of construction period, effective measures must be taken to slow down the adverse effect of construction flowing dust to sensitive points of surroundings during working process.
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The exhaust produced by constructional plants and transport vehicles mainly contains nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon. The influence of these pollutants to surrounding atmospheric environment is not obvious because the small emission intensity and flat relief are benefit for diluting and spreading exhaust.
6.2.3.2 Atmospheric environmental influence during the operating
The influence of operation phase of sewage disposal facilities to ambient air mainly is stinking. In sewage treatment process, organics in sewage will resolve and produce odor, which is mixture gas under anaerobic condition. The concentration of odor is heavier in summer because it is related to temperature. NH3 and H2S are its main components. The odors mainly come from grid, grit chamber, aeration tank, sludge dewatering house and mud sump. The inorganized emission of odors mainly comes from sludge dewatering house and sludge sump. The stink influence of project sewage treatment is relatively small because its small scale.
The site selection and treatment process of sewage disposal facilities is not explicit for various villages. Therefore, the site selection of sewage disposal facilities shall be selected at the upwind direction of residential areas on the next design process. Meanwhile, its distance to main environmental protection objectives shall meet the requirements of health protection distance. The selection of treat process shall also consider the influence of odor to local atmospheric environment.
6.2.4 Environmental noise influence
6.2.4.1 Pipeline construction
The construction noise mainly comes from transport vehicles and constructional plants such as excavator, bulldozer and blender during the process of pipe network construction. The noise level of normal constructional plants and transport vehicles is shown in table 6.2-4 according to interrelated data.
Table 6.2-4 List of Noise Value of Construction Machinery and Equipment The distance of measuring The name of equipment Noise level dB(A) point（m） Road roller 73-88 15 Scraper 72-93 15 Bulldozer 67 30 Grading machine 80-90 15 Paver 82-92 15 Truck 70-95 15 Vibrorammer 69-81 15
The noise attenuation change of main constructional plants along with distance is shown in table 6.2-5.
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Table 6.2-5 List of Noise Attenuation Change for Single Constructional Plant Along With Distance Distance to noise source（m） Mechanical equipment 15 50 100 150 200 Scraper 72-93 41-62 33-54 29-50 27-48 Grading machine 80-90 49-59 41-51 37-47 35-45 Vibrorammer 69-81 38-50 30-42 26-38 24-36 Paver 82-92 51-61 43-53 39-49 37-47
From Table 6.2-4, the noise value of single constructional plant can reach noise limit value of boundary of construction phase when it is beyond 100m. when building pipe network of project ,the distance of both sides of pipeline to residential area is 5～200m. The noise has great influence on these sensitive points during construction and construction process also has some influence on these sensitive points. In order to reduce influence, the following mitigation measures are put forward: the working hours of various constructional plants must be arranged properly during field operation and the construction of strong noise equipments at the same time shall be avoided as far as possible; the working hours of strong noise equipments shall arranged at daytime as much as possible and night shipment shall be reduced. Night (22:00～6:00) construction is prohibited strictly. For these construction activities, which must be implemented at night, the approval of local relevant environmental protection department must be obtained and noise barrier must be established between sensitive points; For these road sections , which close to schools , the construction organization shall negotiate with school authorities when carrying out construction. The construction with strong noise shall be arranged at winter and summer holidays, two-day weekend or after school as much as possible. Meanwhile, accelerating construction speed and shortening construction period and reducing influence time. The assaulting construction with strong noise shall be carried out at two-day weekend to avoid the disturbance of learning environment.
6.2.4.2 Building construction
The noises of constructional plants and transport vehicles are the main noises during construction period of buildings. In order to reduce its noise effects to lowest, the working hours of various constructional plants must be arranged properly during construction period and the operation of constructional plant with strong noise at night shall be strictly prohibited. For different construction phases, the construction shall be implemented according to the specification of Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site（GB 12523－2011）. The measures of establishing fence and barricade and using low noise equipments shall be carried out to strictly control noise during construction period.
The noise influence of construction period is temporary and it will disappear with the end of
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construction period. The noise influence of construction period can be controlled within acceptable range after taking relevant measures.
6.2.4.3 Acoustic environmental influence during the operating
The noise source mainly comes from various pumps. These equipments concentrated mainly on pump house and air blower house. The noise intensity of main equipments is as shown in Table 6.2-6. Table 6.2-6 Analysis on Noise Influence Result Noise intensity（dB（A）） Equipment name No control measures After taking control measures Sewage pump 90～100 80 Sludge pump 90～100 80 Air compressor 95～105 85 Transport vehicle 75～80 / Air blower 80～90 80
The noise intensity can reach 105dB(A) without taking reduction noise and control noise measures. The noise intensity can reduce to 20dB(A) approximately after installing silencer and sealing buildings. The main noise production equipments of project are water pump, air compressor and air blower. The noise level of air blower is 80～90dB(A) at machine room and it can reduce to 80dB(A) after taking noise elimination and sound insulation measures; The pumps also be arranged in factory building and their noise level is 90～100dB(A) and it can reduce to 80dB(A) after taking noise elimination and sound insulation measures. The boundary noise can reach to 2 Class standard (60dB(A) at daytime and 50dB(A) at night) in Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary after through outdoor and distance attenuation.
6.2.5 Solid waste influence
6.2.5.1 Solid waste influence during the construction
The solid waste produced during the construction mainly includes slag and macadam of excavation for earthwork construction, material loss of material transport process such as sand gravel and concrete and household garbage of builder.
The soil will be scattered here and there if the vehicle overburdened; Highway transportation will be full of soil if there is so much soil on wheel; Dust in sunny days and muddy in rainy days will Influence the passing of foot passengers and vehicles and environmental quality.
The spoil will affect the land utilization and destroy natural and ecological environment if its disposal location is not explicit or throw it here and there randomly. The transportation of spoil must affect local traffic and make traffic jam if it is transported at daytime because the
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transportation of spoil requires many vehicles.
The environment health issues of household garbage will bring bad effects on human health if it is not disposed timely and properly.
The outward transport spoil of pipe network is normal solid waste without poisonous and harmful components. The comprehensive utilization shall be carried out for this spoil through sending it to foundation filing and depression filling of construction works or greening along river assigned by municipal administration and planning department. Therefore, the disposal of spoil will not produce bad environmental influence generally. The household garbage produced by builders, which is cleared away by sanitation department after bagging and separate collection, has less influence on surroundings.
6.2.5.2 Solid waste influence during the works operating
The solid waste produced during the operating includes grid slag and sludge which mainly contain wreckages and decomposition products of microorganism and some wreckage of other animals and plants. These substances are easy to rot and stink under the function of microorganism at certain temperature and humidity especially in muggy weather. Their main characteristics are ① high water content(≤80％) and easy to run away; ② delicate grain and poor water permeability; ③ easy to become the breeding place of mosquito and fly and then become the spreading source of disease. ④ Easy to produce percolate and pollute surface water and ground water.
The influence of solid waste on surrounding invironment during the operation mainly shows in following aspects:
(1) Influence on atmospheric environment
The influence of solid waste to atmospheric environment mainly is the influence of sludge stockpiling to atmospheric environment around.
The influence of sludge stockpiling mainly is the influence of stink to atmospheric environment around. Its degree of influence is related to storage time of sludge. The stink is strong if storage time increased.
(2) The influence to surface water environment and ground water environment
Sludge is easy to loss and to produce percolate. The percolate of sludge and sludge will flow into surface water environment along with rainwater after the elution of rainwater. The percolate and solubility components of sludge will pollute ground water if they penetrate into underground.
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(3) Influence on environmental health
Sludge mainly is wreckage and decomposition products of microorganism, which contain various pathogene and midbody of deformed materials. These substances will spread though mosquito, fly and water source and then endanger human health.
Consider that the sludge quantity produced by sewage disposal facilities is small and it is difficult to dehydration, so give priority to no dehydration. Meanwhile, the industrial sewage of villages, which the project is involved, is little and not lead to the exceeding of heavy metal in sludge, so carrying out proper agricultural utilization is recommended, which can solve the problems of organic fertilizer in rural area or using dung-cart transport it to domestic wastewater treatment plant for treatment.
6.2.6 Positive benefit analysis on environment
Traditional and backward non-central water supply is the main water supply mode for drinking water facilities in some villages of project. There are many drinking water safety problems, which is one of the most serious problems to be solved urgently in rural area. These drinking water safety problems not only affect the mass’ physical and mental health and normal life, but also are the labile factors of rural society and not conform to rapid development situation of rural area and become the restriction factor for further development of rural area. The drinking water project can resolve the drinking water safety problems of rural area, reduce disease, improve human settlement life quality, increase villagers’ income, prosper rural economy and reduce difference between urban and rural areas.
For existing side ditches in some villages of project, some are invaded and some are transferred into buried culvert of cover plate. If there is heavy rainfall, the partial garbage jam will lead to water sheetflood, which desiderates renovation and construction of water pipe network immediately.
The discharge of original rural domestic sewage nearby has influence on water quality to some extent and destroys the ecological balance of water body, thus give rise to environmental degradation and bring harmless to villagers’ production and life. The sewage collection and treatment of this project can improve the current situation of pollution discharge in rural areas, the total environment of rural area and community and residents’ living environment.
6.3 Environmental protection measures of water supply and drainage works
6.3.1 Protection for water source site
The protection of drinking water source is the key of rural drinking water safety work. After the
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completion of water supply project, the water supply organization shall pay high attention to water resource protection and shall, according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations such as Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law and Administrative Provisions of Pollution Control for Protection Zone of Drinking Water Source, designate the scope of management and protection for the protection zone of water supply source and water supplyproject and prepare feasible protection method for rural drinking water source and reinforce the management of water source especially reinforce the construction management of pollution discharge management around water source.
According to the stipulations of Clause 7~10 of Environmental Protection Act for Water Source of Anhui Town Domestic Drinking Water, the environmental protection zone of domestic drinking water source is divided into the protection zone of surface water source and the protection zone of ground water source.
(1) The environmental protection zone of domestic drinking water source of rivers (including manual channel) is generally divided into:
The first-grade protection zones: the water area, which from 500m of upper water intake to 200m of downstream, and the land area with 200m longitudinal depth on both sides.
Secondary protection zones：The water area 300m of sail upstream, which starting from the upper bound of first-grade protection zones and land area with 200m longitudinal depth on both sides.
Proposed protection zones: The water area 500m of sail upstream, which starting from the upper bound of secondary protection zones and land area with 200m longitudinal depth on both sides.
(2) The environmental protection zone of domestic drinking water source of lakes and reservoirs is generally divided into:
The first-grade protection zones: Take water taking point as center, the water area and land area within the scope of 500m radius.
Secondary protection zones：include the water area beyond the water area of first-grade protection zones and the land area within 200m above normal impound line as well as water area, which 3000m to sail upstream of entrance of lakes and reservoirs and land area with 200m longitudinal depth on both sides.
Proposed protection zones: The water area 500m of sail upstream, which starting from the upper bound of secondary protection zones and land area with 200m longitudinal depth on both sides.
(3) The environmental protection zone of ground water of domestic drinking water is generally divided into:
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The first-grade protection zones: Take water taking point as center, the water area and land area within the scope of 30m radius.
Secondary protection zones：Take water taking well as center, the water area and land area within the scope of 60m radius of depression cone beyond 30m radius.
Proposed protection zones: the main recharge area beyond secondary protection zones.
The specific protective measures shall be strictly implemented according to the relevant provisions and requirements of Water Pollution Prevention, Control Law and Administrative Provisions of Pollution Control for Protection Zone of Drinking Water Source and Environmental Protection Act for Water Source of Anhui Town Domestic Drinking Water.
6.3.2 Mitigation measures of ecological influence
6.3.2.1 The mitigation measures of ecological influence during the construction
(1) The rainy season shall be avoided as far as possible during excavation construction.
(2) After the completion of construction, the temporary land occupation shall be cleared up and renovated. The temporary buildings shall be removed. Sweep ground surface and loosen close-grained soil after rolling compaction. The depression shall be earthed and filled to flatness and greened immediately in order to reduce the water and soil loss to minimum level.
(3) The reasonable stockpiling of earthwork shall noticed on the construction site to keep some distance to river course and avoid inflowing into river course as far as possible to reduce the influence of water and soil loss to rivers; the straw bag shall be yarded around material yard of sand-gravel to block sand. The drainage ditch can be excavated around construction site to lead the ponding on ground away.
(4) The construction management and environmental protection propaganda shall be reinforced and remind people of preserve the ecological environment. Deforestation of builder shall be prohibited; during working process, the contractor shall construct according to the scope of land requisition required by the contract and carry waste slag to assigned slag yard for storage.
6.3.2.2 The mitigation measures of ecological influence during the works operating
(1) According to a certain proportion, the greening of water supply and drainage surroundings shall be carried out with the conjunction of arbor, bush and vegetation. Use indigenous species as far as possible and reduce the import of alien species. Such species shall be selected as preferred tree (grass) seeds when greening.
(2) Reinforce management. Greening and management shall be made completely by assigned person. Prepare relevant rules and regulations and protect greenbelt and ecological environment.
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(3) After the earthing of pipeline, the hardening treatment shall be carried out for exposed area within city and town areas. For exposed area in outdoors, the greening and rush planting shall be made so that the vegetation of exposed surface of earth surface can be restored as far as possible result from pipeline construction. The local dominate grass seed shall be selected for greening vegetation. Meanwhile, the important areas shall be managed and protected immediately by the use of wire entanglement enclosure to prevent the trampling of cattle and ship or the destruction of human factors.
(4) The pipeline shall be inspected periodically so as to find its leakage situation immediately. The treatment shall be made immediately to avoid ground water pollution result from the leakage of sewage pipeline.
6.3.3 Water pollution control measures
6.3.3.1 Water pollution control measures during the construction
The waster water mainly is such construction wastewater that produced during site ishing, preparation and maintenance of concrete, construction and installation and builders’ domestic wastewater as well as rinsed water of vehicles and mechanical equipments during construction period. In order to relieve the influence to surroundings, the following mitigation measures shall be taken:
(1) The builders’ domestic wastewater shall be used for farm irrigation and mountains greening after it up to standard and shall not be discharged randomly. It is recommended to use local existing living facilities, so builders’ domestic wastewater will have less influence on surroundings.
(2) The muddy water produced by construction plant shall discharge supernate after sedimentation by sedimentation basin and the lump mud shall be carried away for treatment after desiccation; the lump mud can also be used as filling materials with the conjunction of road greening. Meanwhile, construction materials and oil leakage of machine may directly entre into water body, which lead to the increase of suspended materials and oils. The water quality is affected thereof. Therefore, pay attention to civilized construction. The storm sewage and muddy water shall be discharged after the collection and sedimentation, which are up to standard.
(3) The flush of cars and mechanical equipments shall not be carried out at construction site and shall submit to flushing site assigned for flushing according to the practical situation of pipe network construction.
(4) The construction time shall avoid rainy seasons as far as possible
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6.3.3.2 Water pollution control measures during the works operating
(1) The project construction and operation management shall be reinforced; the sewage disposal facilities and efficient which reach to design standard and requirements shall be ensured, and long-term, stability and normal operation and wastewater discharge after treated to standard shall be guaranteed.
(2) Rules and regulations of environment management shall be established and perfected. The jobbing training plans of personnel shall be followed and observed comprehensively.
(3) The maintenance of equipments shall be done completely. Reduce and exclude abnormal operation condition to avoid exceeding discharge and prevent accidental risk discharge.
(4) Establish standby equipments; prepare pre-arranged planning for emergency incidents to prevent bad consequence.
6.3.4 Atmospheric pollution control measures
6.3.4.1 Atmospheric pollution control measures during the construction
(1) Civilized construction shall be carried out. The dust suppression measures such as watering and covering storage yard shall be carried out for sand and stone temporary storage place if the duct is easy to produce in dry weather with windiness. The canvas covering compartment (maintain closed transportation) and watering on haulway with terrene pavement shall be carried out for the hauling crushed aggregates vehicle. Meanwhile, loading and unloading materials under wind shall be avoided as far as possible.
(2) Construction organization shall plan and treat spoil according to plan and not overburden during shipping and take measures to ensure the hailing-vehicles not scattering. The soil on wheels shall be flushed by the use of high pressure water. The spoil scattered here and there, which will affect the clearness of environment shall be prevented.
(3) For temporary and scattered cement mixing field, the site location shall far away from residential area.
(4) The labor protection measures of builders shall be carried out and the builders shall wear dust mask.
6.3.4.2 Atmospheric pollution control measures during works operating
The influence to atmospheric environment during the operation mainly comes from the stink produced by sewage disposal facilities. In order to control stink pollution, the following measures shall be carried out:
(1) Optimizing plan layout method shall be taken to arrange main facilities such as sludge sump
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and dehydration house, which will produce stink at downwind direction and side wind direction of predominant wind direction conjunction with heavy smell in summer and actual characteristics of predominant wind direction. The distance of sanitary protection zone between sewage disposal facilities and sensitive objective shall be guaranteed.
(2) Reinforce production management after the completion and operation of sewage disposal facilities. Starting from pollution source, control production link, which produces stink. System of post responsibility and supervisory mechanism shall be established and perfected.
(3) Safety management. Accident treatment and training shall be conducted for personnel after the completion and normal operation of project; the set monitoring equipments shall be maintained periodically so that it can operate normal, which can monitor and control stink. When personnel entering the pump house, pay attention to ventilation to prevent human body hurt result from excess deposition of H2S and NH3.
(4) Reinforce greening. Tall and large trees such as poplar and sophora japonica shall be planted around sewage disposal facilities to form trees belt so as to reduce the influence degree of stink pollution
6.3.5 Noise pollution control measures
6.3.5.1 Noise pollution control measures during the construction
The noise produced during working process of water supply and drainage has influence on surroundings. In order to reduce influence, put forward following mitigation measures:
(1) The working hours of various constructional plants shall be arranged reasonably. Construction at night shall be prohibited strictly.
(2) For different construction stages, the construction shall be carried out according to the stipulation of Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523－2011). The measures of establishing fence and barricade and the selecting and using of low noise equipments shall be taken to control noise during construction period.
(3) For equipment selection, low noise equipments shall be adopted as far as possible. Such as using hydraulic machinery instead fuel oil machinery and installing silencer on blender.
(4) The noise of fixed mechanical equipments and earth cutting and moving machine such as bulldozer can be reduced through silencer of exhaust pipe and isolating engine vibration parts.
(5) The maintenance of motive mechanical equipments shall be carried out periodically.
(6) For these road sections, which close to schools, the construction organization shall negotiate with school authorities when carrying out construction. The construction with strong noise shall
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be arranged at two-day weekend or after school as much as possible. Meanwhile, accelerating construction speed and shortening construction period and reducing influence time to avoid the disturbance of learning environment.
6.3.5.2 Noise pollution control measures during the works operating
(1) For equipment selection, the standard products with low noise shall be adopted. Noise reduction measures such as shock pad and flexible joint shall be carried out when installing.
(2) Sound insulation treatment shall be carried out for partition and windows of equipment house, duty room and equipment room to reduce the influence of noise to human body.
(3) Take advantage of sound distance principle to relieve noise effect. Keep maximum distance between sound source and buildings in general layout.
(4) Plant protection forest belt with arbor and shrub conjunction withproject construction and enlarge green area around water supply and drainage facilities so as to reach to sound absorption and noise reduction by taking advantage of vegetation.
6.3.6 Solid waste pollution control measures
6.3.6.1 Solid waste pollution control measures during the construction
(1) The construction waste shall be recycled or submitted to health department for landfill treatment.
(2) The household garbage shall carry to assigned location of environment sanitation department for treatment to avoid its influence to surroundings.
(3) Reducing quantity, reutilization and harmless shall be carried out for abandoned earthwork treatment. Negotiate with unban construction department and environmental health competent department; the abandoned earthwork shall be disposed at site as far as possible according toproject construction situation. The earthwork, which cannot be disposed at the site shall be carried to assigned place for proper storage.
6.3.6.2 Solid waste pollution control measures during the works operating
(1) Consider that the sludge quantity produced by sewage disposal facilities is small and it is difficult to dehydration, so give priority to no dehydration. Meanwhile, the industrial sewage of villages, which the project is involved, is little and not lead to the exceeding of heavy metal in sludge, if sludge meets Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use （GB4284-84）, so carrying out proper agricultural utilization is recommended, which can solve the problems of organic fertilizer in rural area or using dung-cart transport it to domestic wastewater treatment plant for treatment.
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(2) The grid slag shall be cleared and carried immediately and sanitary landfills or burn shall be made.
(3) The household garbage shall be cleared and carried away by environmental Sanitation Department for treatment after packing and separate collection.
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7 Environment Influence Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Agricultural and Forest Charateristic Industry Project
7.1 Current development conditions of Huangshan characteristic agricultural and forest industry
Huangshan characteristic agricultural and forest industries includes tea, bamboo and wood, oil tea, fruit and Vegetables, Chinese medicine, silkworm mulberry, flower and seed plant, chrysanthemum and characteristic breeding and so on.
Huangshan has a complicated terrain and is the middle-low hill area with “Eight hills, one water, half field and half road and manor”, so it is a typical mountainous area. The limited plough resources become the bottleneck for village industry development of Huangshan. The lagged agricultural infrastructure and non-repaired agricultural water conservancy and blocked village roads in most areas severely restrict development of modern agriculture.
Since 2009, many organizations have carried out the characteristic agriculture “1122” plan at different places of Huangshan to speed up construction of the characteristic industry bases such as tea, bamboo, silkworm and mulberry, fruit and Vegetables, Chinese medicine and breeding and village tourism development, work hard to development “one village and one product” and “one township and one industry” and further expand the characteristic industry bases. In 2010, the production value of the tea of Huangshan is RMB 1.35 billion Yuan and the comprehensive production value is RMB 4.25 billion Yuan. Compared to “10th five-year plan”, they respectively increase by 159.6% and 77%. During the “11th five-year plan”, Huangshan develops 69000 mu nonsexual good tea garden and constructs 100000 mu efficient biological tea garden. Now Huangshan has constructed some characteristic agricultural bases such as 6.55 million mu good forest, 1.1 million mu bamboo garden, 8000 mu oil tea, 30000 mu flower seeding, 120000 mu mulberry garden and 190000 mu fruit garden, 130000 mu commodity Vegetable and 80000 mu Chinese medicine. Now Huangshan has 879000 mu certified “three product”. Compared to “10th Five-Year Plan”, it increases by 52.8%. The certified area of the organic tea, green food tea and harmless tea reaches 684000 mu and is 42.7% of the certified area of “three-tea”. Huangshan includes Xiuning county, and Huangshan district national organic tea standard demonstration area. Xiuning county and Qimen county national harmless tea production demonstration county and He county is an international ecological agricultural demonstration county. The integrated crop stalks utilization rate of Huangshan is 88%. Now 40000 methanes tank are constructed.
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During “11th Five-Year Plan”, Huangshan exerts the comparison strengths of the mountainous area, works hard to develop the industry products with comparative strength and forms the advantageous industry zones and industry belts. In 2011, the total production value of the agriculture, forest, farm and fishing reaches RMB 7.63 billion Yuan in Huangshan city, including RMB 3.88 billion production value of agriculture, RMB 1.01 billion Yuan production value of forest industry, RMB 2.35billion Yuan production value of farm industry and RMB 0.22 billion Yuan of finishing industry. Total planting area of the crops is 13100 ha in Huangshan, including 6500 ha planting area of food crops, 2800 ha oil and 2200 ha Vegetables. The annual food production capacity is 362000 t, including 38000 t rapeseed, 392000 t Vegetables, 26000 t tea, 57000 t fruit, 87000 t meat, 18000 t bird eggs, 5700 t pod and 18000 t water products.
Up to the end of 2011, Huangshan has 159 scale agricultural product processing enterprises, which increases by 11 compared to previous year, including 30 provincial leading enterprises which realize RMB 3.06 billion Yuan sale with 52.6% increase and RMB 160 million Yuan tax with 46.8% increase and 776 agricultural dedicated cooperation communities. Huangshan has successfully held the Huangshan tea and excellent agricultural product demonstration and promotion activities in the large and middle-scale cities such as Shanghai and Beijing and has achieved rich achievements and satisfactory efficiency. Now Huangshan has one China famous trademark, one China famous agricultural products, 29 Anhui famous trademarks and 16 Anhui famous agricultural products.
7.2 Agricultural industry base construction project
This characteristic industry parks involve 28 villages, 12377 mu industry park and 9 products such as Chinese medicine, Vegetable, water product, tea, rape, flower, fruit tree, seeding and bamboo, which are described as follows:
(1) Chinese medicine
The Chinese medicine industry involves one village and 85 mu new Qishu base will be built.
Lixi village: construct newly Qishu base, which is 85 mu Qishu standardized planting base.
(2) Vegetables
Vegetable industry: it involves 4 villages, 1800 mu Vegetable bases.
Xinjiang village: reconstruct and upgrade 200 mu Vegetable base
Baiguo tree village: reconstruct and upgrade 150 mu Vegetable base and 50 mu new Vegetable base will be built.
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Longshan village: construct 500 mu Vegetable base;
Fuhe village : reconstruct and upgrade 700 mu Vegetable base and construct 200 Vegetable base.
(3) Aquatic products
The aquatic industry involves a village.
Tianli village: repair 50 abandoned fish pools, totlly 2500m2.
(4) Tea
Tea industry: it involves 13 villages, 4882 mu tea garden and 6300 m2 tea processing plant, which is described as follows:
Longyuan village: construct 100 mu Taiping Houkui tea demonstration base
Chaoyang village: reconstruct 357 mu tea base
Zhongdun village: reconstruct 400 mu tea garden base
Shuxi village: reconstruct 300 mu tea garden base;
Sanhe village : reconstruct 600 mu tea garden base and construct 30 mu tea nursery base
Shitan village : construct 400 mu white tea seeding base and 200 mu ecological organic tea garden base
Langsi village: construct 3500 m2 tea processing plant;
Tianli village: construct 800 m2 tea processing plant;
MiaoLam Tsuen: construct 200 mu good seed standard nonsexual tea garden, reconstruct old tea garden and construct 800 mu standard tea garden.
Shenchong village: reconstruct 600 mu tea garden base and construct a 2000m2 clean tea plant.
Huansha village: construction 215 mu organic tea base ;
Luxi village : reconstruct 280 mu Ancha base ;
Maan village : construct 400 trapezia tea garden.
(5) Flower
Flow industry: it involves 3 villages and 330 mu new flower base, including bonsai, rose and azalea.
Rao village: construct 50 mu new flower base, including Anhui bonsai Quemei and plum blossom,etc.
Xing village: construct 200 mu new flower base, including rose and Damashigeshan.
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Longshan village: construct 80 mu new flower base, including cuckoo, Xiajuan, Majuan and Gaoshan cuckoo.
(6) Rape
Rape industry: it involves 1 village and construct1063 new rape base.
Guo village: construct 1063 mu new rape base, variety is rape.
(7) Fruit tree
Fruit tree industry: it involves 5 villages and 1045 mu fruit wood base, including orange and peach. It is described s follows:
Liu village：blueberry garden 52 mu.
Xingcun village: construct 170 mu new fruit wood base, variety is orange.
Jiekou village: construct 273 mu fruit wood base, variety is orange.
Taoyuan village: construct 50mu fruit wood base, including Zao Xiangyu, Wu Changtao and Yanhong.
Xiangtan village: construct 500 mu fruit wood base, variety is orange.
(8) Seeding
Seeding industry: total construction area is 2806 mu, including:
Yongfeng village: it includes 300 mu seeding base and 2447 mu barren hill
Liu village: chinese yew garden 59 mu.
(9) Bamboo
Bamboo industry: total building area is 562 mu, including:
Liu village: 50 mu bamboo base
Xinfen village: 212 mu bamboo base
Hongqin village: 300 mu bamboo base
The agricultural and forest characteristic industry project is mainly divided into three types. First, most projects aim to upgrade and reconstruct existing Vegetable base and tea garden, e.g. Xinjiang village Vegetable base reconstruction project and Chaoyang village tea garden base reconstruction project. secondly, most projects aim to change the plant type on the old plating land into Vegetable base, rape base, flower base, fruit wood base and seeding base, E.g. Longshan village new Vegetable base project and Jiekou village new fruit wood base project. Thirdly, individual projects are for different purposes. E.g. Qishu base construction project of
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Longxi village involves partial barren land reconstruction garden plot (about 40mu), construct the ecological organic tea garden base of Shitai village involves 200 mu barren slope reconstruction of tea garden, bamboo base of Xinfeng village involves 212 mu barren reconstruction of forest, the seeding base project of Yongfeng village involves 300 barren land which is reconstructed as the forest land. The barren hill forest reconstruction project of Yongfeng village involves 2447 mu barren land forest reconstruction.
According to Letter on Pre-trial Comment for the Anhui Huangshan New Village Construction Demonstration Project Land Financed by WB Huangshan Natural Land Resource Bureau, the project land meets the national land supply policy and General Plan for Huangshan land Utilization (2006-2020).
Main activity contents of agricultural industry project supported by this project cover: site leveling, trimming for field operation footpath and drain ditch; increase such water-saving irrigation system as sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation; take such pest control measures as solar killing lamp and sticky armyworm board; perform the soil testing and formulated fertilization; develop the certification for organic food and pollution-free food; purchase the sprouts for flowers and plants nursery stock and horticultural machineries.
7.3 Main environmental influences of agricultural industry project
7.3.1 Influence on ecology and water and land loss
The work construction will involve ground surface digging, transportation and piling of construction material and production equipment, earth surface disturbance, vegetation and soil structure destruction and soil fertility reduction, so it will have negative influences on the local water and soil loss.
Grinding of the construction machine and transportation vehicle and trampling of operators will destruct the surface vegetation vegetation in the job area and reduce the vegetation coverage and ecology in the area. Most work areas are located in the existing farmland and tea garden and all are manually planted crops. Natural vegetation are few. Destruction to manual vegetation is temporary and the influence range is smaller. Generally it will terminate with construction completion. Some projects will require to clean partial shrubs and reconstruct the land as Chinese medicine, tea tree, bamboo, seeding and forest land, E.g. Qishu base construction project of Longxi village involves partial barren land reconstruction garden (about 40mu), the ecological organic tea garden base of Shitai village involves 200 mu barren slope reconstruction tea garden, bamboo base of Xinfeng village involves 212 mu barren reconstruction forest, the nursery stock base project of Yongfeng village involves 300 mu barren land which is
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reconstructed as the forest land. The barren hill forest reconstruction project of Yongfeng village involves 2447 mu barren land forest reconstruction. Some shrubs grassland cleaned after these project are implemente Some shrubs grassland cleaned were respectively reconstructed to plant the Chinese medicine, tea trees, bamboo forest, nursery stock and woods.
Mechanical noises of construction and personnel activity noises mainly affect wild animal. Different construction machines such as transportation cars, bulldozer, evacuator, concrete mixer and grinding bar will generate stronger noises. Although these noises are discontinuous and intermittent, the noise sources are relatively concentrated and most noises are nude, so the noise radiation range and influence degree is high. Based on field survey, the project implementation area is located around the villages, there are no wild animals. Sometimes, the small birds, amphibian animals and mouse, etc. occur.
By taking the measures such as testing soil for formulated fertilization, increase fertilizing organic fertilizer and comprehensive pest prevention and control, which reduces the residual pesticide in the soil to some extent, improve the nutrients such as organic material, Nitrogen and phosphor, optimize the physical structure such as soil structure and improve the physical and chemical property of the farmland soil on the whole. The used pesticide and fertilizer reduces, so it can reduce negative influence of the pesticide and fertilizer on the ecology diversity.
Influence analysis on water and soil loss: this project aims to reconstruct the farmland infrastructure. The water and land loss mainly occurs in the constriction period. After the project is completed, it will not affect the local water and soil loss. The works such as terrace tea garden reconstruction of slope tea garden, barren hill forestation, increase the water drainage ditch and ditch lining slope protection can reduce the water and soil loss in the project area from a certain extent.
7.3.2 Water environment
The waste main water includes the waste water producted in construction and and domestic sewage of the construction personnel during the construction. The construction waste includes the concrete maintenance waste water and gravel flushing waste water. Such waste water is limited, but they include some oil, mud and sand. If it is not properly processed and drained without processing, it will pollute the soil, surface water and underground water. Especially it will affect the surface water environment much on the rainy days morely. The project constructors will reside in the around village, so no domestic sewage, water is drained.
The measures such as testing soil for formulated fertilization, increase fertilizing organic fertilizer, pest prevention and seeping prevention, the used pesticide reduces and the used fertilizers increase little, so the nutrients such as Nitrogen and phosphor in the farmland will
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increase a little along with surface ruroff in the project area and the influence on the surface water body around the project area is little.
7.3.3 Influence on ambient air
Earth digging, pipe transportation, loading and unloading and site leveling and construction all will generate floating dust in channel digging, farm land construction and piping construction. By analogy to the survey, the floating dust is mainly from the road at the construction site and mainly affects the scope for within 50 m on two sides of the road. In addition, when the concrete is mixed, generally the generated floating dust affects the scope for within about 50 m around the mixing shed. The floating dust is related to the wind and weather. The strong wind will increase floating dust and its influence scope can be extended to 50-150 m.
The agricultural planting mode keeps unchanged basicly during the project operation period and prior to project implementation, so the floating dust generated by the soil cultivation prior to and after project implementation changes little. After this project is implemented, it will not worsen the environmental air quality obviously. For the pest prevention and control, by promoting ecology prevention and control and physical prevention and control, the used pesticide will reduce much after implementation, so the evaporated pesticide will reduce accordingly and in favour of the ambient air quality in the project area. But the project area is relative smaller and the percent of the pesticide in the ambient air pollutants is smaller in the project area, So the reduced pesticide can not improve the air quality much in the project area. On the whole, after this project is implemented, the air quality keeps the current level in the project area. The project implementation affects slightly on the change of ambient air quality in the project area.
7.3.4 Acoustic enviroment
The noises are mainly generated by the construction site and material transportation during construction. Of which, the noises from the construction site are mainly generated by the construction machines such as bulldozer and grab, impact in material loading/unloading and living of constructors. The construction noises source are generated by different construction machines and transportation vehicles and generally the equipment operates intermittently, so the noises are intermittent and short-time in construction. The noises have different influences on the acoustic ambient quality on the project area in different stages during the construction. Most project areas are located at the farm land and its surrounding and are remote from the villages. Therefore, there are not other acoustic ambient sensitive points nearby. By enhancing management and taking ambient noise prevention control measures correspondingly, the influence can be minimized.
The project operation noises are mainly generated by the agricultural machines and mechanical
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and electric well operation in agricultural products. The project areas are remote from the resident area, so it has little influence on the living of residents. After this project is implemented, the noise environment changes little.
7.3.5 Solid waste
The solid waste is from the building rubbish, discarded soil in earth digging and back filling and living rubbish of the constructor. The building rubbish indicates any materials generated and discarded in the subgrade or channel dismantling and includes different materials, including discarded gravel, brick and tiles, discarded concrete, discarded metal and discarded package. The living rubbish includes the plastics and waste paper. If the building rubbish generated during the construction is not handled in time, it will affect landscape and generate floating dust in case of windy and dry weather. If the living rubbish of the constructor is not handled in time, it will generate mosquito, pest and malodor under a proper temperature, spread diseases and adversely affect the surrounding environment.
The solid waste generated in project operation mainly includes the crop stalks, discarded fertilizer package, discarded ground film, discarded irrigation dropper and discarded pesticide package, etc. generated in the agricultural production. It is necessary to enhance advertisement, trailing and environment management during the project operation, recycle different solid waste or reasonably utilize them. The solid waste generated in the project affect the external environment little.
7.4 Environmental protection measure of agriculture industry project
7.4.1 Environmental protection measures during the construction
Generally the agricultural industry projects all are remote from the sensitive targets such as village. Some suiTable measures such as proper sprinkling, use of low-noise and low-pollution construction equipment and enhancement of mechanical repair and maintenance are taken for the floating dust and noise pollution during the project construction.for reduce the influence.
The constructors of the project are accommodated by the near villages. The dismetic subgrade is seldom drained. No measures are taken. Notice cultural construction. The dirty rain and construction slurry water should be collected and deposited and then drained after reach the standard. The vehicles and mechanical equipment can not be flushed at the construction site and should be flushed at the dedicated flushing site.
7.4.2 Environmental protection measures during the operation
The main production activities include agricultural production during the project operation. The
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measures such as promotion of testing soil for formulated fertilization, increase the fertilizing organic fertilizing, return stalks into the farmland, comprehensive pest prevention and control and forbidding highly poisonous pesticide are taken to reduce use of the pesticide and fertilizer in the agricultural production and reduce the influence of the agricultural production activities on the surrounding environment in the project area. The main measures to control damage of the pest on crops and reduce use of chemical pesticide are described as follows: (1) improve the capability of the governmental competent authorities in promotion service of the comprehensive pest management method and improve the consciousness, recognition and operation capability in the comprehensive pest management of characteristic crops. (2) demonstrate and promote comprehensive pest prevention and control technology such as ecological prevention and control and physical prevention and control and gradually alleviate dependence on agricultural chemicals; (3) Improve secure use and management capability for the chemical medicines, educate and train pesticide sellers and farmers in the comprehensive pest management method and improve technical level of scientific medicine usage of farmers; (4) enhance management of chemical pesticide sale and use and forbid farmers to use the highly poisonous chemical medicines and chemical medicines which do not meet the national policies and regulations.
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8 Impact Assessment on Natural Habitats
8.1 Classification of natural habitat
According to the definition in the China laws and regulations and policies of WK on natural habitat (OP4.04), the natural habitats which may be involved in this project mainly include natural protection zone, landscape and famous scenery and swamp garden. The specific definitions are described as follows:
Natural reserve
It indicates the area which is reserved for special protection and management according to the regulations in the land, land water body or sea area of the representative natural ecological system, natural centralized distribution area of rare endangered wildlife species and natural relics with special meaning. (Excerpted from clause 1 of Natural Reserve Management Regulation issued by State Council).
Landscape and famous scenery
It indicates the area which has value of appreciation, culture or science, include centralized natural scenery and humanistic scenery, has a beautiful environment and can be used for tourism or scientific and culture activities. (excerpted from the clause of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation issued by State Council).
Wetland park
It indicates the special area which aims to protect the wetland ecological system and reasonably utilize the wetland resources and can be used to carry out wetland protection, restore, advertisement, education, scientific research, monitoring and ecological tourism. (excerpted from the clause of Natural Wetland Park Management Regulation (Trial) issued by National forest bureau).
8.2 Overview of natural habitat
8.2.1 Basic information on Huangshan natural habitat
Based on the related documents, Huangshan has 70 natural reserves at different levels, including two national natural reserves, 7 provincial natural reserves and 61 county natural reserves. The natural reserves lists of Huangshan City are listed as the Table 8.2-1. in addition, Huangshan has 4 landscape and famous sceneries and 1 national wetland park, namely Huangshan national
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landscape and famous scenery, Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery, HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes—Jianjiang national landscape and famous scenery and Taiping Lake provincial landscape and famous scenery and Taiping lake national wetland park. The distribution of the project villages and natural habitats is shown as the Figure8.2-1.
Table 8.2-1 List of Huangshan natural conservancy protection zone Name of Administration Starting SN Area Main protection objects Type Level reserve zone time Huangshan Forest County 1 Huangshan district 2174 Forest ecological system 20071011 Tianhushan ecology level Forest Province 2 Qiulongfeng Huangshan district 2720 Forest ecological system 20010406 ecology level Forest and wild animals Forest Province 3 Shilishan Huangshan district 1936 19951221 and vegetation ecology level Wetland ecological Inland County 4 Xixi wetland Huangshan district 4710 20071001 system wetland level Huangshan Forest and wild animals Forest County 5 mandarin duck Huizhou district 505 20070628 and vegetation ecology level Lake Forest and rare animals Forest County 6 Longmentai Huizhou district 196 20070628 and vegetation ecology level Forest and wild animals Forest County 7 Shuyuan Huizhou district 410 20070628 and vegetation ecology level Broadleaf forest and wild Forest Province 8 Tianhu Huizhou district 4500 20000318 animals and vegetation ecology level Wild County 9 Xiaorong Huizhou district 393 Rare animals 20070628 animals level Forest and wild animals Forest Province 10 Lingnan Xiuning county 2771 19951202 and vegetation ecology level Forest and wild animals Forest Province 11 Liugujian Xiuning county 2747 20060417 and vegetation ecology level Forest and rare animals Forest County 12 Majinling Xiuning county 4005 20070810 and vegetation ecology level Forest County 13 Baishiyan Qian county 1723 Forest ecological system 20070902 ecology level Forest County 14 Tianlong Qian county 2485 Forest ecological system 20070902 ecology level Forest and rare animals Forest Province 15 Wuxishan Qian county 4050 20000318 and vegetation ecology level Qian county Forest and wild animals Forest County 16 Qian county 3000 20070822 Qingxi and vegetation ecology level Forest County 17 Boxi Qimen county 80 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 18 Chaming Qimen county 450 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest and wild animals Forest Province 19 Chawan Qimen county 1600 20010601 and vegetation ecology level Forest County 20 Chaoshan Qimen county 130 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 21 Shiling Qimen county 400 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 22 Dabei Qimen county 118 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Qimen county Forest County 23 Dahong 122 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Qimen county Forest County 24 Dahongling 2265 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level
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Name of Administration Starting SN Area Main protection objects Type Level reserve zone time Forest County 25 Dazhong Qimen county 112 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 26 Dazihao Qimen county 176 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 27 Daohu Qimen county 111 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 28 Dongyuan Qimen county 549 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 29 Fangkeng Qimen county 198 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 30 Xiaokeng Qimen county 174 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 31 Xiaoyuan Qimen county 231 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 32 Gaofeng Qimen county 138 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 33 Gaoyuan Qimen county 240 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest and rare animals Forest National 34 Guniujiang Qimen county 6713 19821028 and vegetation ecology level Qimen county, Forest County 35 Guanghui 240 Forest ecological system 20070910 Shitai ecology level Forest County 36 Gangda Qimen county 362 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 37 Guanglian Qimen county 821 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 38 Hengfeng Qimen county 231 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 39 Hongqi Qimen county 176 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 40 Huangjing Qimen county 273 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 41 Jingshan Qimen county 694 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 42 Jiulonghong Qimen county 182 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 43 Liyuan Qimen county 198 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 44 Lixi Qimen county 588 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 45 Lam Tsuen Qimen county 131 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 46 Longan Qimen county 649 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 47 Luocun Qimen county 191 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 48 Luosikeng Qimen county 128 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 49 Qimen Fuziling Qimen county 166 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 50 Qimen Qiyi Qimen county 591 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 51 Qimen Qingxi Qimen county 272 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 52 Qimen Shengli Qimen county 959 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Evergreen broadleaf Forest County 53 Qishan Qimen county 102 20070910 forest ecology level
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Name of Administration Starting SN Area Main protection objects Type Level reserve zone time Forest County 54 Rongkou Qimen county 616 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 55 Zhukeng Qimen county 147 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 56 Sanfeng Qimen county 428 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 57 Shigu Qimen county 248 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 58 Songjiashan Qimen county 265 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 59 Taoliyuan Qimen county 175 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 60 Wentang Qimen county 128 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 61 Xikeng Qimen county 138 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 62 Xiangdong Qimen county 923 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 63 Xiangtan Qimen county 127 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 64 Xinling Qimen county 165 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 65 Xinxi Qimen county 142 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 66 Xinyuan Qimen county 304 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 67 Yongsheng Qimen county 1181 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 68 Yuyuan Qimen county 242 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Forest County 69 Zhukou Qimen county 172 Forest ecological system 20070910 ecology level Middle Asia tropic Anhui Jixi county, evergreen broadleaf and Forest National 70 7811 19790101 Qingliangfeng Shexian county rare endangered animals ecology level and vegetation
8.2.2 Position relation of planning project and natural habitat
All natural reserves of Huangshan are managed by the forest department. By consulting Huangshan forest bureau and forest bureau of different districts and counties, we know that most villages do not natural reserves at different levels, but a road pavement project is within the natural reserves. Partial projects of 3 villages are within the landscape and famous sceneries and wetland park, shown as the Table 8.2-2.
Table 8.2-2 Description of project villages close to natural reserves Project Natural reserves Position relation between planning project villages Name and levels Type and property and reserve It belongs to the forest Fuxi ecological reserve and aims village of Tianhu provincial Chongchuan road pavement project is located to protect the broadleaf forest Huizhou natural reserve within the conservancy experimental area and wild animals and district vegetation
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Project Natural reserves Position relation between planning project villages Name and levels Type and property and reserve Taiping Lake National wetland park for Shibin Chenqiao project, Chuanyang Road Shuxi national wetland tourism, holiday, leisure, security engineering, Chuanliu Road village of park (Taiping wetland landscape pavement project and village inter-house Huangshan Lake provincial demonstration, environment byroad pavement and road lamp project are district landscape and education, science population located within the Taiping Lake national famous sceneries) and science research wetland park HuaShan Mysterious Natural scenic area with Xiong All construction projects of Xiong village are Grottoes-Jianjiang characteristic Mysterious village of located within HuaShan Mysterious national Grottoes culture and Anhui She county Grottoes-Jianjiang national scenic area landscape and style culture famous scenery Yanjiao Qiyunshan Natural scenic area with village of national characteristic Taoism culture, All projects of Yanjiao village are located Qimen landscape and Moya stone carving and within Qiyunshan national scenic area county famous scenery Danxia landform
8.3 Impact assessment on Tian Lake provincial natural reserve
8.3.1 Overview of Tianhu Lake natural reserve
Huizhou Tianhu Lake provincial level natural reserve is located at the Fuxi county in the north of Huizhou district of Huangshan city and is located between east longitude 118°12′12″~118°17′39″ and north latitude 30°1′3″~30°6′3″ (Figure8.3-1). Anhui provincial government approved to found Tianhu provincial natural reserve in the Wanzhenmi [2000] No. 55 file in March 18, 2000, which belongs to “forest and wild animals and vegetation type” natural reserve.
Tianhu Lake provincial natural reserve is managed by Huizhou Bureau of Forest. The reserve administration station is temporary set at the Fuxi town forest station and includes Xintian, Tianli, Chongchuan and Tianhu Lake forest point conservancy sites. The total area of the reserve is 4559 ha, including 4391 ha forest land accounts for 96.3% of the total area, 168 ha non-forest land, of which, 5.6 ha paddy field. The forest coverage rate is 93.9%. The total area of the standing tree tree is 169407 m3.
The Huizhou Tianhu Lake provincial natural reserve mainly protects the following objects: a. Middle-Asia tropic natural original broadleaf forest: the Huizhou Tianhu Lake provincial natural reserve has typical middle-Asia tropical zone features, diversified plant and excellent habitat condition. The core area of the reserve is distributed in the large natural broadleaf forest and the ecological species are diversified and rich. b. Mountainous area, meadow and marsh wetland: a relatively flat peviform area is located in the east and north area of Tianhu Lake hill top in the reserve. It forms about 400 m bulrush and
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aquatic grass marish area due to long-term differentiation, flushing and deposition which is called as Tianhu Lake. It is a unique mountainous marish zone in Anhui province and is a zone of important protection value. c. Key national and provincial protection animals and vegetation d. Natural ecological environment and natural resources e. Natural and humanistic landscope
8.3.2 Function area division and plant overview
According to General Plan of Huizhou Tianhu Lake Provincial Natural Reserve, the function division of this reserve and vegetation condition of different function areas is described as follows, and the functions division of the reserve sees the Figure8.3-1.
Core area: it is located at middle and high part of Tianhu Hill and Heimeijjian main peak and the area is 1706 ha accounts for 37.4% of total area. The ecological system of the core area is complete and includes diversified species, distinct natural colors. The main vegetation include original and half-original natural broadleaf forest, Gaoshan bamboo forest, Gaoshan meadow and marish area. The main protection objects include the middle-Asia tropic evergreen broadleaf mixed forest, rare endangered animals and their survival habitat environment of these vegetation and animals. The average elevation of this area is 950 m, is flat at the top, is like a peviform basin, has better water humidity condition and is free of bad factors and other influences. The core area is located at the top of west Tianhu Lake. It forms a 400 mu reed and aquatic grass marish area due to long-term differentiation, flushing and deposition and is called as Tianhu Lake.
Buffer area: the buffer area is from the lower part of the core area to the higher part of Xintian and Tianli village and its area is 1101 ha accounts for 24.2% of total area. This area includes alternate secondary growth evergreen broadleaf forest, pine tree forest, manual firry forest, bamboo forest and tea garden. The natural vegetation and manual vegetation are mixed. This area has a relatively complete ecological system, extensive area and limited population, so it can effectively prevent manual activities from involving core area and guarantee security of the core area.
Experimental area: it indicates other areas except the core area and buffer area and mainly includes the south area of Xintian and Tianli residence point. It is the main living area of the masses in the forest. The area is 1732 ha accounts for 38.4% of the total area. The main vegetation includes manual fir forest, bamboo and tea garden as well as some natural horsetail pine forest and secondary broadleaf forest. The natural production condition is convenient. It
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permitted to engage production test, domestication and breeding, scientific research, forest tourism and reception and mountainous area economy development within the permitted range of laws and regulations, so this area provides powerful material living guarantee to core area protection.
8.3.3 Introduction to the works related to Tianhu Lake reserve
According to the general plan and feasibility study report of Tianhu Lake natural reserve, the Fuxi village Chongchuan road pavement project of Fuxi village in Huizhou district is located within the experimental area of Tian Lake natural reserve, shown as the Figure8.3-1.
The Chongchuan road is 2273 m, its surface is paved by earth. Current subgrade is 2-3 m wide. This road includes many short bending sections, is long, includes many risky sections and is narrow, so it is difficult to pass, especially when two vehicles meet each other. Now this road is mainly used for transportation of the village production and living materials and contact between village groups, so it should be repaired urgently.
The work feasibility study report proposes the following construction scheme for the Chongchun road pavement project: (1) harden the current 3 m subgrade, set four places for car pass and establish the retaining wall in some sections; (2) construct 30*30 cm brick-built rectangle water drainage ditch in partial sections; (3) construct 9 φ800 round culvert, which is 76 m long; (4) add the safeguarding facilities, deploy 300 m steel bar concrete impact-prevention rail, 6 steel bar concrete warning stakes (including 200 bars) and 12 convex view mirrors.
8.3.4 Influences of project activities on Reserve
(1) Requirements in laws and regulations
The clause 32 of PRC natural reserve regulations regulates that it is forbidden to construct any production facilities in the core area and buffer area of the natural protection zone and no construct production facilities which can pollute environment and destruct resources or landscope in the experimental area of the natural reserve. For other projects, the drained
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pollutants can not exceed the drainage standard regulated by the state and local regulation.
Chongchuan road pavement project meets the requirements in the laws and regulations. According to the related requirements for natural reserve management, this project has been approved by the Anhui Department of Forest as the reserve competment department.
(2) Influence in construction period
This project belongs to the road pavement project, will harden the surface along the existing roads, add the edge ditch, partial earth retaining walls, steel bar concrete impact prevention rail and warning stake and install the convex view mirror. Little new permanent land is occupied in this project. Some local places for meeting vehicles will occupy a number of the side barren land (about 0.03 ha) and will not destruct the forest vegetation. All construction materials and construction camps of this work all can be set in the Shiping village outside the Reserve. The construction activities are carried out on the existing road, so this project will not occupy temporary construction land.
The mechanical noises will affect the acoustic enviroment in the Reserve and the floating dust will also affect the environmental air quality during the construction. The constructors and construction activities will disturb the wild animals in the Reserve. These influences will be eliminated after the construction ends. Generally the small road pavement project requires limited construction machines and constructors. Generally only one construction point is under construction. The influence on the acoustic enviroment and environmental air is controlled to be within 100 m around the construction point. It is estimated that the area of the Reserve occupied by project is about 0.03 ha. The Reserve area directly affected by the project is about 0.7 ha. The reserve area affected indirectly by the construction noises is about 3 ha.
For other influences, refers to the contents in 4.2.
(3) Influences during the operation
After the works is completed, it will no new affect the Reserve. Tianhu Lake reserve has protection point at Chongchuan. The fixed personnel can effectivel implement management in the Reserve. After this project is completed, the personnel who enter the Reserve will not increase remarkably. The works construction will not generate negative influences on the main protection objects in the Reserve.
8.3.5 Mitigation measures
Based on the pollution prevention and control and ecological protection measures in the 4.3, the following requirements should be met:
(1) Prior to construction, the construction unit should first contact the administration department
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of the Reserve to coordinate the issues on the construction site, strictly control the scope of the occupied land in construction and reduce the damage to the surrounding soils and vegetation as little as possible.
(2) It is forbidden to set the construction camp and construction material piling yard within the Tianhu Lake natural reserve. All construction materials and construction camps are set at the Shiping village outside the Reserve.
(3) Enhance construction management and monitoring, list this project into the key construction supervision project and request the personnel at the conservancy management station of the Reserve to supervise the construction activities.
8.4 Impact assessment on Taiping Lake national wetland park
8.4.1 Overview of Taiping Lake national wetland park
The Taiping Lake national wetland park (Taiping Lake provincial landscape and famous scenery) mainly includes the Taiping Lake surface, upstream river inlet to the Lake and 80-200 m lakeside area. The upstream extends to Qingxi River and inlet area to Lake of Puxi River and the downstream extends to Chencun Hydraulic power station. The geographical coordinate is east longitude 117°54′43″～118°10′54″ and north latitude 30°19′03″～30°25′18″. Total area is 98.5 km2, including 88.6 km2 water area.
The general planning target of Taiping Lake national wetland park is explore the tourism development value of Taiping Lake wetland resources on the basis of maintain and restore the integrity of wetland ecological system and wetland ecological function, protect diversity of the wetland ecology diversity,, and reasonably utilize them, work hard for to construct the Taiping Lake wetland as the class I national wetland park integrating the tourism, holiday, leisure, wetland landscope demonstration, environmental education, science population and science research and fully exert the ecological, social and economic benefits of the Taiping Lake wetland.
8.4.2 Function division
By combining the landscope features and resource characteristics of different areas and fully considering ecological protection and easy management requirement, the Taiping Lake wetland park is divided into five function areas in the general planning of the Anhui Taiping Lake national wetland park, shown as the Figure 8.4-1.
Wetland ecological conservation area: it is from the south end of the wetland park planning scope to the Dahuchong, Wushi forest station and Wujiazhou. The total area is about 10.24 km2.
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The functional orientation this area is science survey, ecological monitoring, wetland research and ecological tourism.
Wetland science population education area: it is from Dahuchong, Wushi forest station and Wujiazhou to Taiping Lake major bridge. The area is about 12.21 km2. This area is used for ecological science population education, ecological tourism and village leisure.
Dahu water sport leisure area: it includes the area from Taiping Lake major bridge to Crocodile Mouth. The area is about 35.31 km2. This area is used for water leisure, tourism boat, water sports and reception service.
Jiuquwan history and fold culture experience area: it includes the area from Crocodile Mouth to South edge of Huangjing archipelago. The area is about 25.21 km2. It is used for history culture experience and village fold culture experience.
Subject ecological archipelago tourism leisure area: it is from south edge of the Huangjing archipelago to Chen village hydraulic plant. The area is about 15.42 km2. It is used for characteristic leisure and ecological tourism.
8.4.3 Introduction to the works related to Taiping national wetland park
According to the general planning of Anhui Taiping Lake national wetland park and the wetland park scope map and work feasibility study report provided by Huangshan Forest Bureau, the Shibicheng bridge project of Shuxi village in Huangshan district, Chuanyang Road security protection project, Chuanliu road pavement project, road pavement and road lamp project of inter-house in Shuxi village are located within the wetland ecological conservation area of the Taiping Lake national wetland park, shown as the Figure 8.4-2.
(1) Main projects of Huangshan Shuxi village
The works feasibility study report points out that the current Shibichen Bridge is a 9-hole 8 m steel bar concrete stone slab bridge and is 3.0 m wide and 114.5m high. The designed load of the old bridge is low and is affected by the water level of the Taiping Lake in the flood period. The flooding period of the bridge is 2-3 months, so the bridge can not guarantee passage all the time annually. The works feasibility study report proposes to dismantle old bridge and construct a new bridge. The new bridge is 170 m long and Bridge deck elevation of 121.5 m. The road at two ends of the bridge is elevated to be over the flood level (namely the pavwment elevation road is more than 119 m). The elevation of withen 650 m length of the old road is average elevated by about 5.5 m. For the width of the new bridge, from the Angle of controlling the bridge cost, only applies to the width of the current road is considered (the subgrade is 4.7 m wide and the pavement is 4.0 m wide). By combining the common width of the bridge, the net width is 4.5 m
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and full width is 5.0 m. The simple support hollow slab bridge scheme is used.
The works feasibility study reports points out that the Chuanyang Road is the only channel to outside at Shuxi village. It serves for about 1500 persons. It is constructed in 2007. The cement stone pavement is 4 m wide. With economy development and vehicle increase, the narrow pavement will lead to difficult can meeting, so it will affect much the access security of village residents and development of village economy. All village residents strong required carrying out this project. The road is 6000 m long in the Hangyang road security protection project. The subgrade and pavement are not changed. The repair of subgrade are finished, including 15 passing bay meeting roads, 400 warning stakes and 400 m protection rail.
The hardened hangliu Road is 120 m long and 3.5 m wide. The total pavement length of the inter-village houses is 1797 m and is 1.5-3 m wide. 136 road lamps are installed on in the main roads along 15 village groups in the whole village of Shuxi. Of which, 45 road lamps pole are 6 m high and 90 road lamps are installed on the wall or line pole.
8.4.4 Influence of project activities on wetland park
(1) Requirements in laws and regulations
The clause 14 of National Wetland Park Management Regulation (Trial) regulates that “the national wetland park is divided into wetland reserve, restore and reconstruction area, advertisement and demonstration area, reasonable utilization area and management service area, etc. and is managed by areas. Except necessary protection management activities such as protection and monitoring, it is forbidden to carry out other activities which are not related to the protection and management of wetland ecological system in the wetland conservation area. It is only allowed to carry out the related cultivation and restore activities in the restore and reconstruction area, ecological demonstration and science population education in the advertisement demonstration area, ecological tourism activities which do not damage the functions of the wetland ecological system in the reasonable utilization area and management, reception and service activities in the service management area.”
The clause 14 of National Wetland Park Management Regulation (Trial) regulate that “item 17: it is forbidden to occupy and confiscate land in the national wetland park. To occupy and confiscate the land in the wetland park, the related organization can transact related procedures after approved by the National Forest Bureau.”
Except the organic tea garden, all projects of the Huangshan Shuxi village in Huangshan district all are located at the wetland conservation area of Taiping national wetland park. Of which, the roads and fitting facilities such as Shibichen bridge, Hangyang road security project, village group road pavement, inter-house pavement in village and road lamp installation,etc. all are the
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mandatory projects for wetland protection and management. The land in the wetland park can not be confiscated and occupied. The project construction meets the general planning of Taiping Lake national wetland park and meets the requirements in the laws and regulations. The project has been approved by Anhui Provincial Wetland Protection Center.
(2) Current ecological conditions around Shuxi village Shibichen Bridge
The frequent aquatic vegetation around the Shuxi village mainly includes reed, barnyard grass, water chestnut, nenuphar, tape grass, water lettuce, hyacinth, wolffia arrhiza, azolla imbricata, potamogeton malaianus, hydrilla verticillata, huangshi, bladderwrack, ceratophyllum demersum L, potamogeton crispus, eichhornia crassipes and alternanthera philoxeroides. From the distribution of the wetland vegetation, the wetland vegetation around the Shuxi village mainly distributes at Xiushi village, Xujiaxiang, Wushi village and Wulichong. The lake body is wider, the terrain bankside becomes flat, the area exposed by the water level change is larger and the area of the wetland vegetation is large in the area of Zhangjia, Yangjia and Sujia. While the water body around the proposed Shibichen bridge is narrow and the terrain is steep. There is small number wetland vegetation with the reed as the main vegetation.
The shallow area and offshore wetland along the Taiping Lake and main rivers is the natural habitat of the aquatic birds. The statistics indicate that there are 26 aquatic birds in Taiping Lake area which are important members of the aquatic ecological system. The main birds include swan goose, Egretta eulophotes, Picus canus Gmelin, Dendrocopos major, Anser albifrons, Hirundo daurica, Circus cyaneus, mandarin duck, Falco peregrinus, Bubo coromandus, Anas poecilorhyncha, Cygnus columbianus, Anas crecca, Syrmaticus ellioti, Anas clypeata, Cuculus micropterus, Common Kestrel, Anser fabalis, Centropus Toulou, Aquila heliaco, Buteo buteo, Anas platyrhynchos and Cuculus canorus. According to the Feasibility Study Report on Shuxi Wetland Protection and Restoration Construction Project in Taiping Lake of Anhui carried out by Anhui Forest Survey and Planning Institute in 2009, the wetland birds are also mainly distributed in Xiushi Village-Xujiaxiang-Wushi Village -Wunichong with wider lake, gentler bankside terrain and larger area of wetland, the area corresponding to Zhangjia-Yangjia-Sujia, this area is 1000 m beyond the nearest place of the proposed Shibichen Bridge and will not be impacted by the proposed project. Due to narrow water body and small area of wetland near the proposed Shibichen Bridge, there are only Egretta eulophotes distributed and impacted by the existing road traffic, the Egretta eulophotes are the activity generally in the place far away from the road, see Figure 8.4-3.
Egretta eulophotes are mainly inhabited in the coastal cliff jungle, intertidal zone, salt pond and the inland woods, river banks and paddy field. Living on fish, shrimp and frog, etc., they have
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the habits of clustering for nesting, constructing the old nests and mixed ground and reproducing in the same area with Chinese pond-heron, night heron and cattle egret. In the past, they were widely distributed in the coastal area of China, but now they have become rare and reproduce in Liaodong Peninsula, coastal islands in Shandong and Jiangsu and mainly spend winter in the Philippines, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra and Vietnam etc. In the Taiping Lake area of Anhui are mainly passing migrant birds or occasional species, which are found occasionally in July to August.
(3) Impact during construction phase
Generally, the road security works needs fewer construction machinery and construction personnel, the construction is basically propelled forward from one construction point, during construction phase, the range of impact on sound environment and environmental air is basically within 100 m around the construction point. Therefore, the main impact is the certain impact of the wiring construction machinery noise and construction air-borne of Shibichen Bridge and its on both sides on the sound environment and environment of the wetland park, the construction personnel and construction activity will make the Egretta eulophotes and wetland birds away from Shibichen Bridge and water area near Chuanyang Road on both sides to activities, generally, the impact range is about 100 m on both sides. After the environmental protection measures of 4.3.3 section are taken, the impact of pier construction on the water body will also be controlled at about 100 m downstream the bridge location. According to this estimation, the wetland area indirectly impacted by the construction activity is about 13.04 ha, accounting for 0.013% of area of Taiping Lake National Wetland Park, which has a very small impact on the wetland birds.
(4) Impact during operation phase
After completion of road hardening, bridge and road supporting works, the impact during construction phase will have been ended and no new negative impact will be generated on Taiping Lake National Wetland Park and the birds distributed. On the contrary, these works have a positive effect on the protection of wetland park. The road security works and reconstruction works of Shibichen Bridge are not only convenient for the villagers of Shuxi village to traveling, but also convenient for the managers to protect and manage the wetland park. Currently, the wetland park is managed by Taiping Lake National Wetland Park Management Office; the existing Shibichen Bridge is impacted by the flood water level of Tainping Lake with flooding period up to 2-3 months, during which the wetland park managers are unable to effectively manage southwestern area of the wetland park, the works construction can guarantee the all-weather and all-round management of managers to the wetland park. In all proposed the
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works, the existing road and bridge widths all remain unchanged, after the works is completed, there will be no obvious increase of personnel entering the wetland park, so no negative impact will be generated on the wetland park in the works operating phase.
8.4.5 Mitigation measures
Based on the pollution prevention and control and ecological protection measures in section 4.3, the following requirements are further proposed:
(1) In order to try to protect the Egretta eulophotes that might be distributed surrounding the works, the wiring construction of Shibichen Bridge and its on both sides shall avoid the time from July 50 August each year as possible. During 18:00-8:00, all construction activities shall be prohibited within the wetland park.
(2) Before construction, the construction organization must first get contact with the wetland park management department to coordinate with problem on the construction site; during construction, it is required to strictly control the construction land occupation, reduce the destruction to the soil and vegetations surrounding the working area as possible; some positions near the water body in Chuanyang Road security works of Shuxi Village shall be provided with temporary baffles to ensure that the slag will not enter the water body.
(3) For the construction camp in Shuxi Village of Huangshan District, it is required to rent the villagers’ house of use the surrounding wasted construction land as far as possible, all construction materials and construction camps shall be over 200 m away from the water body of Taiping Lake.
(4) For the transportation of construction materials of all works within Taiping Lake National Wetland Park, it is required to use the existing road and no other construction roads will be set additionally.
(5) Strengthen training and management to the construction personnel, it is strictly prohibited to harm various wild animals and plants.
(6) Strengthen management and monitoring during construction phase, list the works of Shuxi Village as the key point of construction supervision, meanwhile, and invite personnel of Taiping Lake National Wetland Park Management Office to supervise the construction activity.
8.5 Impact assessment on Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery
8.5.1 Overview of Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery
The Qiyunshan landscape and famous sceneries are about 15 km from the west of Anhui Xiuning county and is 33 km from the west of the Huangshan city. The scope of scenic area is
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from the east of Landu township bridge to the west of Wanshoushan of Yuting in Qian county, is close to Chukou township in the south and is close to Qiyunshan township in the north. The distance from the east to the west is 16 km and the distance from the south to the north is 6.9 km. The area of the scenic area is 110.4 km2, including natural protection zone, a total area of 156.6 km2.
All hills of the Qiyunshan are delicate, wonderful and tall and is famous due to “one stone is inserted into the cloud and is aligned with blue cloud”. It is called as “Baiyun” in the ancient time and is close to Huangshan. Two sceneries are wonderful and have different characteristics. "Huangshan and Baiyue are ranked first in the south of Changjiang" is called in ancient times. Some history famous persons such as Li Bai, Zhu Xi, Tang Bohu, Xu Xiake and Yu Dafu have ever gone to the Qiyunshan and thousands of leaving words are carved on Moyanya.
Qiyunshan scenery is a national landscape and famous scenery with the Taoism culture, Moya stone carving and Danxia terrain as the characteristics. it includes rich tourism resources and distinct features and is one integrated part of Da Huangshan tourism. Now there are 538 Moya stone carving sites, 2 Ming and Qing dynasty large temples and 7 Ming and Qing dynasty houses as the national cultural relics protection sites the district. The Qiyunshan stone carving is the national cultural relics protection site. Qiyunshan Taoism music is the representative of provincial intangible cultural resource.
8.5.2 Function division
According to General Planning of Qiyunshan Landscape and Famous Scenery, the landscape and famous sceneries are divided into four scenery areas and one function area, namely Yuehuajie scenery, Loushanglou scenery, Yunyan Lake scenery, Hengjiang offshore garden scenery and Yanqian service reception area, refers to the Figure 8.5-1.
Yuehuajie scenery: the features include Taoism activities, Danxia terrain and cultural landscope;
Loushanglou scenery: the features include natural mountainous forest and Taoism buildings.
Yunyan Lake scenery: the feature includes water scenery and Danxia terrain.
Hengjiang offshore garden scenery: the features include natural scenery and water scenery.
Yanqian service reception area: provide the complete service and facilities to the tourists.
8.5.3 Introduction to the works related to Qiyunshan national landscape and famous sceneries
The Xiuning Yanjiao village project is located within the Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery and covers construction of Qiyunshan Yuehuajie at the top and village road at the foot,
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water supply facilities, drainage piping, bank protection and water wharf work, ancient building restore and Hui culture protection and capability improvement, fitting tourism public teilet and exercise plaza, etc. The Qiyunshan Yuehuajie at the top is located at the Yuehuajie Scenery. The village project at the foot is located at garden scenic area on both bank of Hengjiang.
(1) Yuehuajie village at the top of Qiyunshan
Road project: the road from Yuehuajie to the tunnel cross (300 m long and 2.5 m wide) is based on the current subgrade and the red stone slab is paved. The walking street of Yuehuajie is finished based on the current subgrade (2350 m long and 1.7 m wide). The damaged stone slab is replaced. The protection rail is set at the steep slope. The Qiyunshan walking street is finished uniformly (2500 m long and 1.7 m wide) based on the current subgrade. The damaged stone slab is replaced. For the Yuehuajie Nanmugu road (1053 m long and 1.7 m wide), the subgrade is leveled and the blue stone slab is paved. The line 3 underground project is along Yuehuajie at the Yanjiao village.
Water supply project: the Dakou well is set in the south bank at 500 m upstream of the Hengjian Nankeng water dam. The large open well is constructed together with L1 lifting pump room. This site is remote from the residential area and waste drainage opeling and is under a better environment. L2 lifting pump room is set around the upward road of the current scenery (elevation of about 260.00 m) for easy construction, maintenance and management. The old pump rooms around the Qiyunshan reservoir drainage outlet will be eliminated. The water purifying plant and L3 lifting pump room will be constructed here. The original water are lifted by two levels and transferred to the water purifying plant for processing. The old water pool is low (elevation of 489.35 m), so the water pressure can not meet the user requirement. The higher Sangufeng (elevation of 511.80 m) is selected for construct of high water pool in this design. The processed purified water is lifted by L3 via the pump room at the water purifying plant, transferred to the high water pool and transferred to the user. In rich supply seasons, the reservoir capacity can meet the supply requirement. To save energy, L1 and L2 lifting pump room stops operation. The original water of the water reservoir automatically flows into the water purifying plant, is processed and boosted to the Sangufeng high water pool and finally supplied to users. In the supply lack seasons, L1 and L2 lifting pump room boosts the Hengjian original water to replenish water to Qiyunshang reservoir.
Water drainage project: One d200 waste trunk pipe is paved from the slope to the waste processing station under construction. One d200 waste collection trunk pipe is paved along the flat land of mountainside from the east to the west and integrated to the waste main trunk pipe. The waste at the top of the hill is collected by branches and connected to the waste collection
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trunk pipe along the slope. The HDPE pipe is used in the waste pipe. Total 1660 m d200 waste pipe and 400 m d100 waste pipe are paved. 860 m d600 rain pipe is paved on the new road along the Yuehuajie.
Cultural relics protection project: including the Dongyan Temple Court protection and utilization, Ertianmen protection and utilization and Tiangongfu protection and utilization project.
Tourism fitting project: 3 public toilet, including 80 m2 public toilet for Wulaofeng of Yuehuajie, 80 m2 public toilet for Taisu Palace and 50 m2 public toilet for Tongyizu. Now the public toilet is located in the forest.
(2) Qiyun village at the foot of Qiyunshan
Road project: finish the old street of villages at the foot (2000 m long and 2-2.5 m wide), renovate old cement concrete pavement, washing and napping, pave cement; crush the damages stone slab and base of the old stone slab road and replace it with the bluestone slab.
Water supply project: replace the main water supply pipe of the village group at the foot with 1294 m dn110PE water supply pipe alone with the old road reconstruction, newly add one integrated disinfecting equipment. The processing scale is 15 m3/h.
Water conservancy project: the repair 230 m bank protection by using the dry masonry block stone scheme described in section 5.1.5.2 based on the actual condition of our village and repair the upstream and downstream of the Dengfeng bridge. Each water wharf is 18 m long and 5 m wide. Set 1.5 m*1.5 m stone-buried concrete foundation and pave five-step rectangular stone slab on the surface.
Fitting project: the total area of exercise plaza of Yanjiao group in Yanjiao village is 720 m2. pave 150 m2 plaza brick which is equivalent to half basketball site. The greening area is 360 m2. four exercise apparatuses are available.
8.5.4 Influence analysis of project activities on landscape and famous scenery
(1) Requirements in laws and regulations
The clause 30 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the construction project of the landscape and famous scenery should meet the landscape and famous scenery planning, coordinate with the landscope, can not destruct the landscope, pollute the environment and obstruct the tourism. If the construction activities are performed at the landscape and famous scenery, the employer and constructors should develop the pollution prevention and control and water and land conservation scheme, take effective measures to protect the surrounding sceneries, water body, vegetations of forest and glass, wild animal resource and
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terrain”.
The clause 33 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the landscape and famous scenery administration organization should reasonably utilize the resources of the landscape and famous scenery and improve traffic and service facilities and tourism conditions according to the landscape and famous scenery planning”.
The clause 28 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the construction activities in the landscape and famous sceneries which are forbidden in the clause 26 and 27 should be audited by the administration organization of the landscape and famous scenery and the approval procedure is transacted according to the related laws and regulations”.
Yuhuajie projects of Yanjia village in Qimen county at the top of the hill are located at Yuhuajie scenic area of Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery. The projects at the village at the foot of the hill are all located at the garden scenery of Hengjiang on both banks in the Qiyunshan national landscape and famous scenery. All the projects aims to improve the traffic, service facilities and tourism conditions of the scenery. The project meets the general planning of Qiyunshan scenery, has been approved by the administration committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery and meets the requirements in the laws and regulations.
(2) Influences during the construction
All road construction projects of Yanjiao village in Xiuning county aim to harden existing roads. Only the lifting pump room of water supply project and new pnblic toilet occupy a small number of forest land (about 0.03 ha). A small number of lands will be occupied in the water supply and water drainage projects, including shrub and forest vegetation (about 0.5 ha).
The mechanical noises will affect the acoustic enviroment in the Scenery during the construction. The construction floating dust will affect the environmental air quality during the construction. The constructor and construction activities will affect the tourists at the Scenery, these influences will be eliminated after construction ends due to small work scale and limited influence.
(3) Influences during the operation
After the project is completed, the construction influences end. The project can improve the residential environment of local residents at the village and improve the Qiyunshan tourist reception capability in the traffic, water supply and water drainage. Now this Scenery is effectively managed by the Administration Committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery. The fitting facilities of the tourism will be further constructed later according to the general planning of the landscape and famous scenery to guarantee harmony and unification of
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Qiyunshan tourism development and scenery environment protection.
8.5.5 Comments of administration organization of landscape and famous scenery
According to Approval of New Village Construction Project of Yanjiao village in Qiyunshan Town Funded by WB loan provided by administration committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery, selection of the project implementation contents, selection of construction materials, positioning of building style and project implementation effect meets the requirements in General Planning for Qiyunshan Landscape and Famous Scenery and Tourism Development Planning of Qiyunshan Landscape and Famous Scenery (2011-2030)” on the whole, the project application is approved for organization and implementation.
The following issues should be noticed during the implementation according to the requirements of Administration committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery:
(1) Notice ecology protection and humanistic resources in project construction;
(2) Fully consider passage requirement of a large number of the tourists and realize security, order and smoothness during the construction;
(3) Enhance construction field management and realize cultural construction.
8.5.6 Mitigation measures
The project development unit should strictly fulfill the requirements proposed by the Administration Committee during the construction. In addition, the environment assessment proposes the corresponding control measures for the floating dust, waste water and noises, etc. generated in construction. For details, refers to the chapter “environment influence assessment and measures". The following requirements are proposed:
(1) The ecological bank protection technology should be used in the river bank protection project at the landscape and famous scenery.
(2) The construction unit should first contact the administration department of the reserve to coordinate the issues on the construction site. The construction unit should protect ecology protection and humanistic resources, strictly control the scope of the occupied land in construction and reduce the damage to the surrounding soils and vegetation in the operating area as little as possible.
(3) Enhance the management and monitoring during the construction, realize cultural construction. List the Yanjiao village project in Xiuning county into the supervision key in construction supervision and request the personnel of the administration committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery to supervise construction activities.
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(4) Fully consider passage requirement of a large number of the tourists, add guide marks and realize security, order and smoothness during the construction.
(5) To deal with possible increase of tourists, the administration committee of Qiyunshan landscape and famous scenery should synchronously add enough rubbish collection device.
8.6 Influence assessment on HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Zhejiang national landscape and famous scenery
8.6.1 Overview of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang national landscape and famous scenery
HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery is located at the boundary between Tunxi and Shexian county in Anhui Shan and is extended from the Huangshan mountain. It is located in the area between east longitude 118°20'37.5” and 118°28'47.5” and between north latitude 29°43'45.0” and 29°50'48.0”. The area is 61.2 km2.
The Scenery is located on both banks of Xinanjiang river between Huangdu of center city area (Tunxi) in Huangshan and Xiong village in Shexian county. Xinanjiang connects Huashan and Xiongcun sceneries and the whole scenery shows as the dumbbell style. HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes scenery has rich tourism resources and includes natural landscope and culture landscope such as the blue mountain, green water, garden scenery, ancient mysterious grottoes, wonderful peak and strange stone, Moya stone carving, Mysterious Grottoes, Temple, ancient building, which is a rich contents, high taste comprehensive scenery suitable for all levels of tourists visiting.
This scenery features Mysterious Grottoes. Now 36 Mysterious Grottoes are explored. Its, extensive, grand, occult and wonderful Mysterious Grottoes scenery are very unusual in China. It is large-scale, grand and distinct and is peculiar and unrivaled in China, so it called as one wonder in China. Huangshan stone forest scenery occurs together with Mysterious Grottoes. Generally the elevation of Huashan stone forest is under 200 m. The relative height difference is 20-40 m. These natural stone forest and rocks are rugged, protruded, delicate and wonderful. Some scenery is like the high bacterium umbrella. Some are like Crowing Gold Chicken and are vivid. There are 20 similar sceneries. The garden scenery is attracting, wonderful and beautiful at the Scenery. Xinan River surrounds the Scenery. The mountains and river are connected to like a poem and picture.
8.6.2 Function division
The scenery is divided into tourism experience area, science survey protection area, culture leisure area, history landscope area and ecological conservation area. Five function areas are
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independent of each other and are connected by Jian River to compose an integrated leisure system which can embody Mysterious Grottoes culture and Anhui-style culture, refers to the Figure 8.6-1.
The culture leisure area supplements the Mysterious Grottoes group resources, extends the tourism line and is also an important function area of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes and Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery. It is further divided into Xiong Village history relics tourism area, Xiaonanhai Buddhism culture area, Pancun Fold Customs culture area and Pukouwan water activity area.
8.6.3 Introduction to works related to HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang national landscape and famous scenery
The Shexian county Xiong Village project is located at scope of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery and mainly includes the village road renovating, new buildng water supply project, drainage ditch and irrigation channel cleaning and rehabilitation, cultural relics protection (ancient building maintenance), Anhui style reconstruction of partial resident houses and construction of fitting tourism public toilet. All projects are located in Xiong Village history relics tourism area in the culture leisure area.
Road project: harden the roads from Shandou to Shuan Village. This road belongs to village group road and is 1540 m long and 3.5 m wide. It provides production and living service to village residents. Now this road belongs to earth road and is difficult to pass on rainy days, so it should be hardened. The current subgrade is utilized in designed to harden the pavement.
Road lamp project: the road lamps are designed and installedon the main access road of into village along the Xiong Village and main road the village.
Water supply project: This design is a new large open well is constructed to get the shallow waterground on the flood land of west bank at 2600 m in Xinanjiang upstream of Anhui-Hangzhou Express Bridge. One elevated water basin is constructed at Xiaokangshan and Hangbutou respectively. The well water is promoted to the elevated water basin via the pump station for supply water to the village residents. The water distribution piping is constructed and the hydrants are configured in the centralized resident area and ancient building area.
Water conservancy works: clear three flood drainage ditchs, rehabilitate the protection bank of the flood drainage ditch and rehabilitate irrigation ditchs .
Cultural resource protection and utilization: 9 ancient buildings will be protected, including China-Chinese cooperation 1st institute, China-Chinese cooperation 2th institute, Caoguanxia House, Caojian New House, Caoxi House, Caoxian House and Hangbu Chengshandu Ancestral
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Hall of Hangbu, Wangguangmo House and Yibentang. In addition, the Caozhenhua House, Caoshouchen House and Caominghui House are reconstructed as the Anhui style. These ancient buildings will be rehabilitated and improved due to aging and damage.
Fitting tourism project: one new 60 m2 tourism public toilet. The public toilet is close to the exercise plaza and parking site to better provide some services to the tourists and surrounding residents.
8.6.4 Influence analysis of project activities on landscape and famous scenery
(1) Requirements in laws and regulations
The clause 30 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the construction project of the landscape and famous scenery should meet the landscape and famous scenery planning, coordinate with the landscope, can not destruct the scenery, pollute the environment and obstruct the tourism. If the construction activities are performed at the landscape and famous scenery, the development unit and construction unit should develop the pollution prevention and control and water and land conservation scheme, take effective measures to protect the surrounding sceneries, water land, vegetation of forest and glass, wild animal resource and terrain”.
The clause 33 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the landscape and famous scenery administration organization should reasonably utilize the resources of the landscape and famous scenery and improve traffic and service facilities and tourism conditions according to the landscape and famous scenery planning”.
The clause 28 of Landscape and Famous Scenery Regulation regulates that “the construction activities in the landscape and famous sceneries which are forbidden in the clause 26 and 27 should be audited by the administration organization of the landscape and famous scenery and the approval procedure is transacted according to the related laws and regulations”.
All projects of Xiong village in Shexian county are located in Xiong Village history tourism area in the cultural leisure area and aim to improve the traffic and service facilities and tourism condition of the scenic area. All projects meet the general planning of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery, have been approved by the City and Urban and Rural Planning Bureau of Huangshan city and meet the requirements in the laws and regulations.
(2) Influence during the construction
All road construction projects of Xiong village in Shexian county aim to harden existing roads. Only the water well and lifting pump room of water supply project occupy a small number of
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flood land (about 0.01 ha). A small number of lands will be occupied in the water supply and water drainage projects, including shrub on the side of the road (about 0.7 ha).
The mechanical noises will affect the acoustic enviroment at the scenic area during the construction. The construction floating dust will affect the environmental air quality during the construction. The constructor and construction activities will affect the tourists at the scenic area, these influences will be eliminated after construction due to small work scale and limited influence.
(3) Influences during the operation
After the project is completed, the construction influences end. The project can improve the residential environment of local residents at the village and improve the reception capability of Huashan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery in the traffic, water supply and water drainage. Now this scenic area is effectively managed by the Administration Committee of Huashan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery. The fitting facilities of the tourism will be further constructed later according to the general planning of the landscape and famous scenery to guarantee harmony and unification of tourism development and scenery environment protection of Huashan Mysterious Grottoes-Jianjiang landscape and famous scenery.
8.6.5 Comments of administration organization of landscape and famous scenery
According to Pre-review Comments on Xiong Village Construction Project Planning of Huangshan New Village Construction Demonstration Project Funded by the WB load, the construction meets the requirements in General Planning of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes—Jianjiang Landscape and Famous Scenery and Xiong Village Ancient Hamlet Protection Control and Utilization Planning..
According to General planning of HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes—Jianjiang Landscape and Famous Scenery, the Xiong village history resource excursion area mainly surrounds the Xiong village. Protection and rehabilitation of the cultural relic organization should not change the current condition of cultural relic. It is required to identify the protection body, divide the protection area and report related construction projects to the administration organization of the cultural relic for examination and approval according to Cultural Relic Protection Regulation, so the construction project includes the ancient building rehabilitation project of the cultural relic. It is required to strictly comply with the related approval procedure and enhance construction management so as to keep original ancient state as much as possible.
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8.6.6 Mitigation measures
The project development unit should strictly fulfill the requirements proposed by the Administration Committee during the construction. in addition, the environment assessment proposes the corresponding control measures for the floating dust, waste water and noises generated during the construction. For details, refers to the chapter “environment influence assessment and measures". The following requirements are proposed:
(1) The ecological bank protection technology should be used in the river bank protection project at the Scenery.
(2) Before the start of construction, The construction unit should first contact the administration department of the reserve to coordinate the issues on the construction site, strictly control the scope of the occupied land in construction and reduce the damage to the surrounding soils and vegetation in the operating area as little as possible.
(3) Construction management and monitoring, list She county Xiong Village project into the key construction supervision project and request the personnel from HuaShan Mysterious Grottoes-Jiangjiang landscape and famous scenery to supervise the construction activities.
(4) To deal with possible increase of tourists, the administration committee of Huashan Mysterious Grottoes-Jiangjiang landscape and famous scenery should synchronously add enough rubbish collection device.
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9 Impact Assessment and Protection Measures of Physical Culture Resource Conservation Project
9.1 Project Guiding Concept and Protection Principles
9.1.1 Guiding Concept
(1) Implement the policy of “Giving priority to protection, rescue coming first, rational utilization and enhancing management”; stick to comprehensive and active protection to deal with the relationship between protection and economic, social development as well as resource and environment protection thus to spread Huizhou culture, motivate ancient village vitality and realize the comprehensive sustainable development of traditional villages.
(2) Adhere to overall protection and the protection concept combining point, line and surface; rescue historic building while protecting the physical cultural resource, including the natural ecology space, human ecology space, economic ecology space and social ecology space.
9.1.2 Protection Principles
(1) Attach importance to the protection of “historic authenticity, style integrity and living continuity” of physical cultural resource; keep the style of original building and environment; stick to ancient architecture conservation principle of “not changing original state”.
(2) Principle of rational utilization: ancient architecture conservation is different from general cultural relic protection and should not be treated as “museum” simply for viewing and admiring. The object is to not only maintain historic environment, but also develop the social, economic functions to improve the value and form the positive interaction between protection and utilization.
(3) Legislation principle: construct favorable legislation platform, completely eradicating various unhealthy phenomenon and short-term behavior from the very beginning. Measures on Huangshan Physical Cultural Resource Conservation and Management is formulated by the government while actively advertise relevant laws such as Law on Protection of Cultural Relics and Environment Protection Law. Relating supporting measures should be established in practical work to ensure the implementation of various laws and regulations.
9.1.3 Protection Basis
（1） Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection, 1898；
（2）Law of the People's Republic of China on Cultural Relics Protection, 2002;
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（3）Conservation Regulations of Ancient Dwelling in South Anhui Province, 2004;
（4）Law of the People's Republic of China on Urban and Rrural Planning, 2007;
（5）UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Resource, 1972;
（6）Measures for the Administration of Culture Relics Preservation Projects (2003 by State Ministry of Culture);
（7）Code of Conservation Planning for Historic Cities (2005 by Ministry of Construction)
（8）Rules for the Implementation of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (1992 by State Administration of Cultural Resource);
（9）Notice of the State Council on Strengthening Protection of Cultural Resources, 2005;
（10）Eleventh Five-year Plan for Cultural Construction of Ministry of Culture, 2006;
（11）Guiding Opinions on Enhancing the Construction of National Culture Ecological Preservation Area by Ministry of Culture, 2010;
（12）Conservation Regulations of Ancient Dwelling in South Anhui Province, 2004;
（13）Anhui Province implemented the measures of Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, 2005;
（14）Planning Outline of Huizhou Cultural Ecology Protection Experimental Area, 2008;
（15）Village overall planning, village protection and utilization plan;
（16）Physical Culture Resource Policies of the WB.
9.2 Protection Status of Physical Culture Resource
Villages in Huangshan are endowed with abundant physical cultural resource resources existing in the form of ancestral hall, ancient bridge, pavilion and ancient Hui-style traditional residential architecture which are the main carrier of Huizhou culture, and are the today’s “living fossil” that Huizhou culture could continuously playing significant influence. According to statistics, Huangshan owns 8032 immovable cultural relics, 532 culture relic protection sites of different levels including 17 national sites, 109 provincial sites and 153 municipal sites. In 2009, Huangshan City organized and implemented Huangshan Ancient Dwellings Protection and Utilization Project (hereinafter referred to as Ancient Dwellings Project), it was planned to invest RMB 6 billion Yuan in 5 years to protect and utilize 101 ancient villages and 1065 ancient dwellings. Of which, the original styles of 406 culture relic protection sites of different levels would be maintained with the derogative ones recovered; 429 ancient dwellings with protective
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value not listed in culture relic protection sites would be effectively protected and transformed properly; 230 ancient dwellings not suitable for in situ conservation would be protected under the centralized conservation and utilization in different places through pilot projects.At of the end of December 2012, the total investment of the Ancient Dwellings Project was RMB 4.401 billion Yuan, completing the planning of 101 ancient villages, implementing the protection and utilization of 83 ancient villages and 1065 ancient dwellings with 293 ancient dwellings rented, claimed and subscribed, forging 19 classes of 600 new business types in undertakings and industries as well as constructing 13 central protection area including ancient village by the lakeside, Xiuli movie village and Liyang old residence. However, there still exist some concerning problems regarding the protection status of Huangshan physical cultural resource protection which are also certainly worrying:
(1) The disordered construction of villagers damaging village style must be prohibited immediately;
(2) Endangered historic architecture, ancient architecture sites and part of the dwellings are in urgent need of rescuing protection;
(3) Villagers are lack of participation in protecting. Seeking quick success and instant benefits and pursuing short-term interests, some of them arbitrarily change or even sell original traditional dwellings, seriously destroying the authenticity of physical cultural resource;
(4) There is no sufficient fund to conduct long term and comprehensive protection towards physical cultural resource;
(5) With the deepening of physical cultural resource protection and the continuous development of villages, the original infrastructure in the villages could not meet the development needs, therefore, infrastructure including villagers public activity space, parking area, water supply and drainage and firefighting equipment are required to be assorted;
(6) Ancient architectures completing protection are not utilized properly with most of them non-occupied or not transferred for management.
9.3 The Proposed Physical Culture Resource Protection Project
Based on the differences of project nature and protection and utilization subjects, the projects are divided into the protection and utilization of ancient architecture, change of Hui, ancient bridge repair, ancient trees and Shuikou forest protection.
(1) Protection and utilization of ancient architecture
Historical building maintenance plan will be formulated based on the stipulation of Measures
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for the Administration of Culture Relics Preservation Projects to maintain and reuse historic buildings under the centralized conservation and utilization in different places through pilot projects according to the overall plan of villages and tourism development. 137 public ancient buildings or culture relic protection sites will be protected and utilized including 4 national culture relic protection sites, 6 provincial sites and 74 municipal sites. (See Schedule I for detail)
(2) Change of Hui
The overall spatial environment that physical cultural resource depends will be protected in priority, and architectures inharmonious with the overall scene of the village, seriously influencing the village image and restricting the village tourism development will be rectified in Hui-style. 15 project villages are involved in the project and 292 architectures inharmonious with the village style will be rectified in Hui-style. (See Schedule II for detail)
(3) Ancient bridge repair
The repair plan is formulated based on the appraisal report of bridge construction and cultural relic protection requirements. 2 project villages, Xixi South Village and Wanxin Village, are involved in the project.
(4) Ancient trees andnd Shuikou forest protection
The 2 project villages（Luxi Village and Changxi Village）are involved in ancient trees and Shuikou forest protection.
9.4 Impact analysis of physical culture resource protection projects
9.4.1 Assessment of project positive effects
9.4.1.1 Social effects
(1) Conductive to effective protection of physical cultural resources as well as inheritance and promotion of Huizhou culture
The physical cultural resource is original and non-renewable and of great historical, artistic and scientific values. The “Anhui New Countryside Construction Demonstration Project by WB Loan” to be implemented will preserve the original state of the physical cultural resource in its area. This will preserve the “body” of ancient village and inherit the “spirit” of Huizhou Culture, so as to spread these physical culture resources and realize sustainable use;
(2) Conductive to boost national confidence and cohesion
Huangshan City has brilliant culture and the Huizhou-style architectural art in Huangshan is the miracle of Chinese architectural art. People may understand its special charm from visiting the
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ancient architecture as well as the greatness of Chinese ancient civilization and be proud of such exquisite buildings made by our ancestors;
(3) Conductive to ensure social stability
Like the majority of counties in China, the villagers living in the project village are faced with the fact that their sources of revenue are reduced, the young adults are working in some other places. This will result in some social problems, such as education of stay-at-home children, support for the old. The development and utilization of ancient architecture to be preserved will provide more job opportunities, attract the villagers working out of the village, resolve the aforementioned problems and ensure social stability;
(4) Conductive to inherit the intangible cultural resource
The physical cultural resource is the soil on which the intangible cultural resource could survive and be inherited, while the intangible cultural resource improves the cultural connotation of the village. Both of them supplement each other and protect the physical cultural resource of the village and natural, ecological and social environment, which are conductive to inherit and develop the intangible cultural resource;
(5) Conductive to promote the exchange of folk cultures
Combined with the local economic and social development, the lagging status of infrastructure will be improved, which is helpful to enhance villagers’ living standard and exchange of folk cultures.
9.4.1.2 Environmental effects
(1) The protection of physical cultural resource may help deepen integration of the natural ecology space, human ecology space, economic ecology space and social ecology space to create an environment of ecological model significance.
(2) The natural environment, style and features and hygienic conditions of the village will be greatly improved as well as the living environment of villagers through project construction.
9.4.1.3 Economic effects
(1) Conductive to the transformation and upgrading of tourism operational types and increase of villagers’ economic income
At present, among 19 AAAA or above Scenic Spots, there are 13 scenic spots focusing on ancient villages and dwellings, which accounting for 63.74% of the total capacity of all spots but the touring modes are similar. The development features of tourism are the vitality and the diversity is the competitiveness. The solid-state cultural sources could be transformed into
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tourism resources via implementation of physical cultural resource preservation and utilization project, developing a new tourism operating types, promoting product diversification, combining with the intangible cultural resource preservation and inheritance, activating the value of static-state resources, boosting the transformation and upgrading of tourism form, increase of villagers’ economic income and source.
(2) Conductive to construction of socialism new countryside
With the rapid development of rural economy, the requirements of villagers on living quality is increasing day by day and the ancient village and dwellings are insufficient to meet the living requirements of modern people. The implementation of physical cultural resource preservation and utilization project may connect the traditional culture and modern concept to activate and expand the functional value and vitality of ancient village and dwellings in the language and manifestation mode that meet the modern requirements, practically improving the soft and hard environments of the countryside.
9.4.2 Assessment of program negative effects
(1) Maintenance/repair of ancient architecture
The improper maintenance/repair of ancient architecture or employ of wrong repairing measures will damage the historical value of the physical cultural resource; inappropriate construction may destroy the ancient architecture; the improper maintenance/repair of ancient architecture maintained/repaired will bring negative effects on the ancient architecture after the repair of project is completed.
(2) Ancient bridge repair
The improper repair of ancient bridge or employ of wrong repairing measures will damage the structure safety or historical value of the ancient bridge; inappropriate construction conducted by the contractor not based on the design may destroy the ancient bridge; the improper maintenance of ancient bridge repaired will damage the ancient bridge after ancient bridge repair .
(3) Protection of ancient and rare trees (including Shuikou forest of the village)
The improper protective measures in the design will bring negative effects on the ancient and rare trees and Shuikou forest of the village; lack of management on construction by the contractor or employ of barbaric construction method will affect the regular growth of trees; the improper final-period management will likely result in damage and larceny of trees.
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9.5 Protective measures of physical cultural resource
9.5.1 Protective measures to maintain/repair ancient architecture
(1) Employ experts on ancient architecture protection to participate in field investigation and consulting.
(2) The design unit responsible for ancient architecture maintenance/repair shall have relevant qualification.
(3) A repairing plan shall be prepared for an ancient architecture to be repaired and submitted to administrative departments for cultural relics concerned for approval.
(4) The bidder bidding for ancient architecture maintenance/repair shall prepare a construction scheme; upon bid inviting, a relevant qualified unit will be selected to undertake the repairing construction; relevant departments will check and accept the ancient architecture after the repair ends.
(5) The qualified supervising unit will be responsible for supervising.
(6) The utilization and maintenance of the repaired ancient architecture of public property will be in charge of the local bureau of cultural relics; and that of private property will be in charge of the user and the person in charge of managing the ancient architecture shall be trained.
9.5.2 Protective measures to repair ancient bridge
(1) Bridge Safety Appraisal Report verified by the transport department shall be obtained before the repair ancient bridge is designed.
(2) The designer specialized in bridge and staffs in charge of cultural resource protection shall jointly prepare a repairing plan; such plan shall be submitted to relevant transport department for approval.
(3) The bidder bidding for ancient bridge repair shall prepare a construction scheme; upon bid inviting, a relevant qualified unit will be selected to undertake the repairing construction; relevant departments of transport and culture relics will jointly check and accept the ancient architecture after the repair ends.
(4) The qualified supervising unit will be responsible for supervising.
(5) The daily management of the repaired ancient bridge will be in charge of the local bureau of cultural relics and the person in charge of managing the ancient architecture shall be trained.
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9.5.3 Protective measure of ancient and rare trees (including Shuikou forest of the village)
(1) Employ experts on forest for preparation of protective plan of ancient and rare trees (including trees Shuikou forest of the village); such plan shall be submitted to relevant forest department for approval.
(2) The constructing unit shall conduct field investigation in detail prior to commencement of works and the constructing area shall avoid the ancient and rare trees.
(3) The ancient and rare trees found around the construction site shall be protected, set signboard, add rails and other protective measures.
(4) The qualified supervising unit will be responsible for supervising.
(5) The ancient and rare trees (including Shuikou forest of the village) upon the project finished will be managed and supervised by the local forestry bureau and the person in charge of management shall be trained.
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10 Resettlement Plant
10.1 Scope and quantity of resettlement
10.1.1 Determination of project impact range
(1) Permanent land expropriation of works
The permanent land expropriation of the works includes the land expropriation for new construction and expansion of road, newly build villager activity square, new build tourism public toilet and newly built wastewater treatment facilities
(2) Temporary construction land
The temporary construction land includes the land occupation range of production and living areas during construction and temporary road and embedding of four wires etc.
10.1.2 Land occupation of the project
The permanent land expropriation area of this project is 40.11 mu (1mu=0.067 ha), The temporary construction land of this project is 38.07 mu.
10.1.3 The impact of the project on population
The population affected by this project includes the population affected by permanent land expropriation and temporary land occupation. 265 households are affected by the Project in total, including 110 households with 385 persons affected bytermination of land contracts, 151 households affected by temporary land use, 8 households affected by the Project fall into vulnerable groups.
10.1.4 Scattered trees
The scattered trees affected by the Project include trees around houses and in fields to be felled or transplanted for the Project, and trees cultivated on acquired land. 2,247 scattered trees are affected by the Project, including 15 firs, 15 pines, 105 bamboos, 2,051 mulberries, 10 phoenix trees, 43 poplars and 8 osmanthus trees.
10.1.5 Special facilities
10.2 Legal and policy framework of resettlement
Most of the construction land of this project is the collective land in the village, which belongs to the public property of the collectivity and no house demolition is involved and no asset
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transfer is involved in the process of use, so the following laws, regulations and policies on compensation standard are not applicable for this project completely and they are only used for reference.
10.2.1 Main laws, regulations and policies on resettlement
(1) Relevant laws and regulations promulgated by the central government
Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China, implemented in January 1999, amended and executed on August 28, 2004;
Decision on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Land Management Work, issued by the State Council on October 21, 2004
Notice on Relevant Issues on Strengthening Land Control, issued by the State Council on August 31, 2006;
Property Law of the People’s Republic of China, implemented since October 1, 2007;
Regulations of the State Council on Deepening and Reforming Land Management, No.28 document of 2006;
(2) Regulations and policies promulgated by Ministry of Land and Resources and Anhui Provincial People’s Government;
Guidance Opinion of Ministry of Land and Resources on Perfecting System of Land Expropriation Resettlement and Compensation (November 3, 2004);
Notice of Anhui Provincial People’s Government on Announcing Land Expropriation Standard of Anhui Province (W.Z. (2009) No. 132, January 18, 2010);
Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Perfecting Management System of Rural Homestead and Maintaining Famers’ Rights and Interests Practically (March 2, 2010);
Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Doing Land Expropriation Work Well (June 26, 2010);
Notice of Anhui Provincial People’s Government on Adjusting Land Expropriation Compensation Standard of Anhui Province (W.Z. (2012) No. 67, May 15, 2012);
(3) Regulations and policies promulgated by Huangshan Municipal People’s Government and relevant departments;
Notice on Announcing Standard of Huangshan for Compensation of Aboveground Things and Yong Crops in Land Expropriation (H.Z. (2011) No.3, January 6, 2011).
(4) Policy of the World Bank on involuntary resettlement
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World Bank business policy OP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and its annexes, implemented since January 1, 2002;
World Bank business policy BP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and its annexes, implemented since January 1, 2002;
10.2.2 Resettlement measures applicable for the project
According to the above national and local laws, regulations and relevant policies of the WB, in combination with the actual situation of areas affected by the project in Huangshan and on the basis of fully negotiating with the masses of population affected, the project team establishes the following resettlement policies applicable for the project, which are implemented after Resettlement Action Plan is recognized by the WB and approved by Huangshan Municipal People’s Government.
(1) Policies on collective land expropriation
The expropriation of collective land of this project is subject to Notice of Anhui Provincial People’s Government on Adjusting Land Expropriation Compensation Standard of Anhui Province (W.Z. (2012) No. 67, May 15, 2012)
(2) Special support measures for vulnerable groups
For the vulnerable group families recognized in the resettlement investigation process of this project, the following support measures are taken for the vulnerable families of impacted population in the implementation of the project:
(3) During the project construction, appropriate employment opportunities will be first provided to the vulnerable families affected to increase their economic income;
(4) Give priority of handling of social insurance formalities to the vulnerable families losing land and actively declare to relevant organs like the civil administration department to handle minimum living standard formalities for them.
(5) Provide personnel with labor willingness and ability of vulnerable families for free and recommend them to the enterprises in the industrial park first.
(6) As the case may be, give living allowance to the vulnerable families during the resettlement and transition period.
10.2.3 Compensation standard
The compensation for expropriation of rural collective land includes land compensation, resettlement subsidy, compensation for young crops, nursery stock and aboveground belongings and social insurance coordination amount of farmers whose land is expropriated.
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(1) Compensation standard for expropriation of collective land
Anhui Provincial People’s Government announced Land Expropriation Standard of Anhui Province and Uniform Output of and Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation of Anhui Province on May 15, 2012, which were implemented since May 15, 2012. According to the spirit of document of Anhui Provincial Government, the compensation standard for the newly expropriated land is composed of land compensation and resettlement subsidy, not including the young crops compensation, compensation for aboveground belongings and social guarantee fee, which are listed separately.
Table10.2-1 Compensation rates for termination of land contracts Area Farmland Compensation County / AAOV rate Multiple of rate for Administrative Multiple of land district No. (yuan/mu) resettlement termination of division compensation subsidy land contracts (yuan/mu) Huangshan II Sankou Town 1500 7 14 31500 District Other areas (incl. Shexian Changxi Xiang, III 1500 7 14 31500 County Bei’an Town, Qizili Town) Xiuning Xikou Town, II-2 1530 7 14 32130 County Wangcun Town Tafang Xiang, Luxi II 1580 7 14 33180 Town Qimen County III Likou Town 1530 7 14 32130 Other areas (incl. IV 1480 6.5 14 30340 Ruokeng Town)
(2) Compensation for young crops
According to provisions of Notice on Announcing Standard of Huangshan for Compensation of Aboveground Things and Yong Crops in Land Expropriation issued by Huangshan Municipal People’s Government, the compensation standard for young crops of farmers whose land is expropriated in the place where the project is located is as follows:
a. 1,000 yuan/mu for young crops on irrigated land, and 800 yuan/mu for other food and oil crops on non-irrigated land;
b. Orchards at the early production and aged stages will be compensated for at half the above rates; saplings of not more than two years will be compensated for at the rates for seedlings, namely 0.3 yuan each for tea seedlings and 1-3 yuan each for other seedlings.
Specialized nurseries and rare tree species, an application for special appraisal by forestry authorities may be filed. Compensation rates for ordinary forests are shown in Table 10.2-2.
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Table 10.2-2 Forest tree compensation standard list of ordinary forest land Serial No. Type of forest Compensation standard (Yuan/mu) Commercial forest, protection forest, forest for special 1 1500 purpose 2 Fuelwood forest, young forest, and new forest 1000
10.3 Resident restoration and resettlement plan
Project Leading Team of Huangshan City, Project Leading Team of each country (district), Project Office at city level, and Project Management Office of each county (district) jointly organize Resident Resettlement Team to take charge of resident resettlement planning work of Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project based on the resettlement proposals proposed by each sub-community, township and village involved in the project and in accordance with the present policies, laws and regulations, and the resident resettlement requirements by World Bank.
10.3.1 Objectives, principles and tasks of resettlement
10.3.1.1 Objectives of resettlement
General objectives: make appropriate compensations and arrangements and guarantee those population influenced can enjoy an improved life or at least their living standard can’t be lower than the original one.
10.3.1.2 Principles of resettlement
(1) The population influenced should participate in the whole process of resettlement.
(2) Those influenced or their representatives should participate in the discussion of and reach an agreement on such issues as land acquisition and crop compensation standards, land acquisition time arrangement, recovery time arrangement, capital allocation, use and management of resettlement funds, and production and operation recovering measures. It is planned to hold representative symposium, discussion meeting by the community residents or the villagers influenced for negotiation.
(3) The various compensations aiming at individuals should be granted completely and directly to the property owners; any units and individuals can’t hold back and embezzle the compensation money to others.
(4) Help and take care of the vulnerable groups.
10.3.1.3 Tasks of resettlement
According to the survey, 265 households in 42 villages, 6 districts/counties will be resettled, including 110 households with 385 persons affected bytermination of land contracts,
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155households by temporary land use. Ancient residence renovation will affect 90 households and conversion into Anhui style will affect 266 households. 22 vulnerable households will need special resettlement.
10.3.2 Resettlement compensation for permanent land requisition
The project takes collective land with an area of 40.11mu which has impacts on 110 households with a population of 385.
10.3.2.1 Analysis on the impacts of land requisition
In order to analyze the impacts of land requisition on local village groups, the project office organized relevant staff to make a further investigation on the current land resources conditions of streets, communities, village groups incurred from the project and made a careful analysis of the extent of impacts on village groups incurred from the project in accordance with the indexes of project impacts. The impacts of land requisition are characterized as the following three aspects:
(1) Small per capital area of land requisition
The project takes collective land with an area of 40.11mu which has impacts on 110 households with population of 385. The project takes permanent land with an area of 40.11mu which has impacts on 110 households with population of 385 and per capital area of land requisition of 0.1mu.
(2) Small impacts on basic farmland and main economic crop
The lands that the project takes are mainly collective land, wasteland, barren mountain or collective land that has been requisitioned, among which the basic farmlands including cultivated land and field are few. The requisition of permanent land is 22.65 mu, taking up 56.5% of the total land requisition, the field is 4.7 mu, taking up 11.7%. Most of lands requisitioned in dry land are mud flats and wasteland and the scattered trees affected mainly are phyllostachys praecox, pine mix and bushes while the impacts on mulberry, tea tree, tea plant, fir tree and other trees of economic value.
(3) Small impacts on farmers’ basic production and lives
The temporary land requisition incurred from the project keeps away from the busy season and the growing period of main crop, and vacant lot, wasteland and idle land are chosen during the road construction and pipe laying to reduce the impacts on architecture and basic facilities for production and living.
Through analysis, the land requisition has few impacts on village groups and the impacts can be
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reduced to a minimum level by formulating practical resettlement of inhabitant plan.
10.3.2.2 Impact analysis of ancient residence renovation and conversion of houses into Anhui style
To analyze the Project’s impacts in ancient residence renovation and conversion into Anhui style, the team visited mainly villages. It is learned that there are the following three types of impacts:
(1) Large beneficiary population
Ancient residence renovation will involve 23 villages and conversion into Anhui style 15 villages, located in five districts/counties. 266 houses will be converted into Anhui style. Ancient residence renovation will benefit 90 households and conversion into Anhui style will benefit 266 households, 456 households in total.
(2) Low production and livelihood impacts
Ancient residence renovation mostly involves the laying of roof waterproofing slabs, house structure reinforcement and white ant removal, and will have little impact on residents. Conversion of houses into Anhui style involves the wall plastering, floor-to-slope roof conversion and corbel gable conversion mainly, and will not alter interior structures, also having little impact on residents.
10.3.2.3 General planning of resettlement of inhabitant
During the investigation of project impacts and planning of resettlement of inhabitant, the work group of resettlement of inhabitant planning discussed the plan in symposium in towns, communities and villages concerned. The participants in the symposium are cadres of towns, communities or villages and some village representatives. The planning of resettlement of inhabitant concerning all villages is granted by local government and trans-migrant families. Through the analysis of the impacts of project on land requisition in villages, ensure all immigrants are settled down in the community to keep their original production and lifestyle and the social relationship not affected. Through the analysis of geographic location, the quantity of land resources of villages and the composition of income of local residents and based on the common opinion of immigrants and village representatives, the work group of resettlement of inhabitant planning respected the choice of most immigrants and formulated practical plans for immigrant production restoration of villages together with local government by direct cash compensation or other production restoration measures.
Because most of the lands of project construction are collective lands in village which belong to public property owned by the collective not concerning private property and asset transformation during the process of usage and circulation, the current compensation standard is
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not fully suitable for the project and is only for reference.
10.3.2.4 Income restoration measure
In order to make the production and lives of immigrants restored and developed as soon as possible, the following detailed measures will be taken:
(1) During construction period, immigrant workforce will be preferentially arranged; local building materials and life supplies will be used at first;
(2) Give priority to immigrants whenever there is project concerning export of labor service within the range of the planning area;
(3) Provide technical training for 110 households affected by permanent land requisition in batches;
(4) The agricultural population with a loss of land contracted over 50% has the priority to get job opportunity by recommendation within planning area under the same conditions.
10.3.2.5 Immigrant relocation and settlement plan
According to the range of the project, there are 110 households with the population of 385 concerning the land requisition. According to the result of household survey at this stage, on the basis of the negotiation with R&D institution and opinions from affected farmers, try to keep the land away from requisition during construction period; as to land needs requisitioning, adopt one-off cash compensation and build houses in integrated planning lot by individuals. If immigrants make settlement by other ways such as land replacement, they will be subsidized to hand.
10.3.3 Temporary land restoration plan
The temporary land-use of construction refers to the temporary use of land during construction period, including the land occupied by production and lives during construction period and temporary road construction. The owner of the project will sign construction contract with contractor and confirm the using method, restoration requirements and compensation standard for temporary land-use during construction paid by construction contractor. The budget estimate of temporary land-use in the report is calculated in accordance with compensation fee for a year and one-off reclamation fee.
In order to reduce the impacts of temporary land-use for excavation of roads and other construction on the surrounding and residents passing by, the design units of the project took the location of temporary land-use, construction methods, reclamation after the completion of the project and other aspects during the process of designing into account.
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10.3.4 Restoration plan for affected vulnerable group
8 vulnerable households will be affected by the Project, Special assistance will be provided to these vulnerable groups during resettlement. Assistance teams headed by township and village heads will be established in all the project districts and counties to provide timely assistance to vulnerable groups during production and livelihood restoration.
10.3.5 Resettlement plan for special and public facilities
The general resettlement budget of the Project is 3658042.94 yuan. See Table10.3-1.
Table10.3-1 Resettlement Budget of the Project Compensation rate No. Item Unit Qty. Amount (yuan) (yuan) I Basic costs 2641776.47 termination of land contracts 2641776.47 costs Land compensation fees mu 1271106.1 Cultivated land mu 33.28 34650 1153152 Non-cultivated land mu 6.83 17270 117954.1 Young crop compensation fees mu 53335.1 Irrigated land mu 22.65 1150 26047.5 Non-irrigated land mu 10.63 920 9779.6 Woodland mu 2.13 1600 3408 Garden land mu 4.7 3000 14100 Temporary land use costs mu 38.07 920-1150 43780.5 Other termination of land 147939.88 contracts costs termination of land contracts 2% of termination of 52835.93 service costs land contracts costs termination of land contracts 3.6% of termination of 93103.95 management costs land contracts costs II Relevant costs 620000 Resettlement M&E fees 620000 III Administrative Costs for Resettlement (5% of basic costs) 132088.82 IV Contingencies (10% of basic costs) 264177.65 Total 3658042.94
10.4 Institution of resettlement
10.4.1 Institution setting
To ensure the successful complementation of Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project, Huangshan People’s Government sets necessary coordinative institutions to plan, coordinate and monitor immigrant settlement. The institutions set for the successful complementation of Anhui Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project are: a. Anhui Huangshan New Countryside Construction Demonstration Project Leading Group
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b. Counties (Districts) Project Leading Group c. Huangshan Municipal Project Management Office d. Counties (Districts) Project Management Office
10.4.2 Main tasks and responsibilities of institutions
In order to fully strengthen the organization and leading to the project, Huangshan People’s Government founded project leading group with executive vice mayor acting as group leader, relevant leaders of bureaus, committees and departments and governmental leaders from three districts and four counties consisting of its staff in charge of the general arrangement, integrated control, external contact, supervision and inspection and coordination with relevant matters concerned with project settlement.
Offices are set under the leading group in charge of the management and coordination of the project complementation, the preliminary preparation, organization, management, coordination, supervision, guidance, quality assurance, yearly plan and the track and supervision of the execution of the project and daily affairs of the project under the integrated controlling of leading group at different levels and project offices and report them to the superiors regularly and are in charge of coordinating and fulfilling the responsibilities and obligations regulated in legal document of the project.
The specific institutions include Municipal Project Leading Group, Counties (Districts) Leading Group, Municipal Project Management Office and Counties (Districts) Project Management Office.
10.4.3 Staffing
To ensure the successful complementation of the project and immigrant relocation, Huangshan Project Leading Group, Districts and Counties Project Leading Group, Municipal Project Office, Counties (Districts) Project Office and relevant departments have invested many manpower and material resources to support the immigrant relocation project institution formed by Land Ministry, Financial Department, Project Office, Immigrant Bureau, Government Office, and also some relevant institutions founded by affected District Offices.
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11 Water and Soil Conservation Schemes
Water and soil conservation schemes should be formulated in accordance with Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, for the purpose of the prevention of water and soil loss caused along the line of the development and construction project. The construction unit entrusts with the Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute of Huangshan City and the Water Conservancy Consulting Co., Ltd. of Huangshan City the shared responsibility to formulate water and soil conservation schemes statement for the project. The following content is an excerpt from the said water and soil conservation schemes.
11.1 Water and soil loss and the current status of water and soil conservation
11.1.1 Current status of water and soil loss
Huangshan city’s topography is varied and complicated, with hilly land, raging and meandering rivers and mountains of large gradient inside. Due to the natural geographic environment and other factors, the rainfall is mostly concentrated from April to July. The average annual rainfall in Huangshan city is1670mm, therefore, severe water and soil loss is liable to occur, mainly influencing Nanxiang Township in Shexian County and Yokoe basin in the upstream of Xin’an River. With the growing population and increase of development and construction activities, human behavior aggravated water and soil loss, making Huangshan city one of the two most serious water and soil loss regions in Anhui Province.
The main soil erosion type in this region is water erosion, followed by gravitational erosion.
According to annual water and soil loss conservation bulletin in 2005, the city’s existing water and soil loss area is 2587.42km2, accounting for 26.38% of the total land areas of the city, including 1798.02km2 of mild water and soil loss, 616.01km2 of moderate water and soil loss, 160.57km2 of intense water and soil loss, 12.82km2 of highly intense water and soil loss. Average soil erosion modulus in water and soil loss region reached 2624t/km2·a , and soil erosion in this year surplus 6.7894 million tons. As described in the table below.
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Table 11.1.1 the current status of water and soil loss in Huangshan City Highly Moderate Land Mild erosion Intense erosion intense erosion County area erosion Area ％ Area ％ Area ％ Area ％ Tunxi District 213 32.98 15.48 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Huangshan 1601.4 355.77 22.22 38.05 2.38 9.3 0.58 0 0.00 District Huizhou District 440 75.75 17.2 38.88 8.8 48.84 11.37 0 0.00 Shexian County 2129.83 392.75 18.44 233.01 10.94 72.37 3.40 12.05 0.57 Xiuning County 2150.56 271.79 12.64 221.34 10.29 28.53 1.33 0.59 0.03 Yixian County 847.27 204.99 24.19 59.1 6.98 1.37 0.16 0.18 0.02 Qimen County 2207.83 463.99 21.02 25.63 1.16 0.16 0.01 0 0.00 Total 9589.89 1798.02 18.62 616.01 6.02 160.57 1.17 12.82 0.13
11.1.2 “Three Partition” of water and soil conservation
In line with Announcement on Partition of Key Water and Soil Loss Conservation Areas at State Level (see Announcement of Ministry of Water Resource, No.2, 2006) and Notification about the Strengthen of Water and Soil Conservation Work in Partitioned Key Areas (see Government documents of Anhui Province, No. 53, 1999), the project area belongs to the water and soil loss prevention and protection area at state level of Xin’an River and key water and soil loss prevention area, supervision area and control area under Anhui Province.
11.2 Extent of responsibility of water and soil loss control
According to principle “who exploit should protect, who cause water and soil loss shoulder the responsibility”, in accordance with requirements in Regulation of Techniques for Water and Soil Conservation in Development and Construction Project, in combination of survey of the project area, general layout of project and its characteristics, the extent of responsibility of the prevention and control of water and soil loss in new countryside construction demonstration project of World Bank Loan in Huangshan, Anhui Province includes the constructing area of the project and the direct influencing area, responsibility of the water and soil loss control is borne by the construction unit.
11.2.1 The constructing area of the project
The constructing area of the project refers to the disturbance area, including the project’s scope of land acquisition, land occupation, construction land and the scope of permanent and temporary land acquisition in the project’s control limit. The permanent land occupation area of the works construction area is 926.6 hm2 (in which newly added permanent land occupation 2.674 hm2, existing works land occupation 923.926 hm2), temporary land expropriation area 16 hm2 (in which temporary excavation land occupation of various pipelines 2.538 hm2, reserved
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waste disposal area 13.462 hm2), in total 942.6 hm2.
11.2.2 Direct influencing area
Direct influencing area refers to areas where water and soil loss caused by construction of the project and regions influenced by the aforementioned water and soil loss, except constructing area of the project.
By site survey and investigation, in combination of geographical conditions, etc., the direct influencing area is identified as follow:
(1) Infrastructure works area：Land occupation has all been included in the constructing area of the project, extended 2 meters outside the works area is included. Direct influencing area is 9.83hm2.
(2) Cultural resource protection and utilization works area: Since this project area aims at renovation of old houses, all land occupation has been included in the constructing area of the project, and direct influencing area would be negligible.
(3) Specialty industry works area: Extended 1meter outside the industry district is included. Direct influencing area is 13.7hm2.
(4) Construction works area: Extended 2 meters around the construction works area is included. Direct influencing area is 0.32hm2.
(5) Waste disposal area: Since the filled soil height is relatively low and obstruction measure is taken, so extended 2 meters around the area is included. Direct influencing area is 0.58hm2.
All required gravel and rock block etc. will be purchased from commercial quarry nearby, the responsibility of water and soil loss control shall be borne by the mining side. This project’s extent of responsibility may not cover this.
Based on the abovementioned principle, direct influencing area of the project is 24.43hm2.
To sum up, this project’s extent of responsibility of water and soil loss control is 967.03 hm2, of which the constructing works area is 942.6 hm2and the direct influencing area is 24.43 hm2.
11.3 Water and soil loss prediction
11.3.1 Analysis of characteristics of water and soil loss
Engineering construction in this project includes land flattening, construction of buildings, drainage ditches excavation and laying and construction of road etc., which demand complex construction technology. Characteristics of water and soil loss at different construction times are described as follows:
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(1) Preparatory period of construction: The land vegetation removal, cleanup land flattening, etc. the original ground surface is disturbed, mantle of the land, especially the vegetation is damaged, and most land is fully exposed. Under the effect of rainfall, new water and soil loss may occur easily.
(2) Construction period: Civil construction includes massive excavation of foundation pit, project of pile foundation and construction of buildings. At this time, a mass of original ground surface is disturbed. Since excavation and backfill cannot be conducted at the same time and same place, exposed or mounded soil often leads to water and soil loss.
(3) Natural recovery period: During this period, since excavation and backfill on the ground surface is finished, buildings and road surface is hardened, vegetation is fixed, trees and grass have been recovering and come into effect, intensity of water and soil loss is greatly lessened. But a small amount of water and soil loss would occur.
11.3.2 Prediction range and period
11.3.2.1 Prediction range
Prediction range of water and soil loss refers to the disturbance area of each control zoning. Prediction unit should be the area in which the time of disturbance surface, disturbance forms, disturbance strength and features are consistent in general.
According to the requirements above, and in combination with natural situation, project layout and construction characteristics in project areas, the prediction range consists of 68 Grade 1 partitions and 68 Grade 2 partitions. Infrastructure engineering area in Grade 2 partitions can be divided into road and appurtenant engineering, water drainage engineering and water and soil loss prediction partition in Grade 3 hydraulic engineering partition.
11.3.2.2 Prediction period
This project is a construction project. According to characteristics of the project, the water and soil loss prediction mainly forecasts water and soil loss in engineering construction period. Nearly no water and soil will get lost after the completion of the engineering construction, so we don’t forecast the water and soil loss produced in the production run period of the project. But make prediction during the engineering construction period including construction preparatory period, construction period and natural recovery period.
According to the feasibility study report of the project, during construction preparatory period, it’s required to complete all the formalities for engineering construction using land, clean the construction site, complete “three supplies and one leveling” and build necessary infrastructures before construction. The construction preparatory period will last about 3-4 months.
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The construction period starts from buildings and roads excavation to the competition of civil engineering mainly including buildings and roads excavation, foundation construction, prefabricated parts, water drainage facilities and afforest construction, etc. The construction of buildings is from March 2013 to February 2016. Construction periods exceeding the rainy season are accounted as a year, and construction periods not exceeding the rainy season (rainy season in the project area lasts for 4 months from May to August) are accounted according to its length proportion of the rainy season.
It is assumed that 2 years’ natural recovery period is more appropriate according to climate and soil condition of the project area. See water and soil loss prediction time of each construction unit in Table 11.3-1.
Table 11.3-1 Water and soil loss prediction time division during engineering construction period Prediction period of time (year) Construction Prediction Partition Construction Natural recovery preparatory period period period Infrastructure engineering area 1 3 2.0 Cultural resource protection and 1 3 2.0 utilization engineering area Special industry engineering area 1 3 2.0 Waste disposal area 1 3 2.0 Construction site 1 3 2.0
11.3.3 Prediction content and methods
The purpose of water and soil loss prediction is to analyze the amount of possible water and soil loss caused by engineering construction and potential damage of water and soil loss, grasp the particular time when the incremental water and soil loss may happen as well as the particular place so that to make a scientific basis for reasonable layout of each control measure. As per provisions of Water and Soil Conservation Technical Specification of Development and Construction Projects (GB50433-2008), the water and soil loss prediction content of the project mainly includes the area of disturbance surface, the number of destroyed water and soil conservation facilities, abandoned soil and slag amount, water and soil loss amount, incremental water and soil loss amount, and damage of water and soil loss.
According to the analysis of factors affecting water and soil loss, we can know that, in addition to natural factors in project area such as hydrology, atmosphere, soil, landform and vegetation cover, the water and soil loss during engineering construction is affected by all kinds of construction activities, which make water and soil loss in construction area special (such as the form of water and soil loss, great change of quantity, etc.). As a result, the water and soil loss changes with the change of construction units and progress, showing a dynamic nature of space and time change.
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11.3.3.1 Area of disturbance surface
According to relevant data of the general layout of the project and feasibility study report, the area of disturbance surface is 942.6 hm2 in total by calculation, of which there are 926.6hm2 of permanent land occupation and 16hm2 of temporary land occupation.
11.3.3.2 Destroying water and soil conservation facilities
According to Management Approaches of Compensation for Water and Soil Conservation Facilities, Collection Standard and Use of Soil and Water Conservation Fee of Anhui Province (W.J.F. [2006] No.160), except for some water, residences and cultural resources, other land types with a function of soil and water conservation occupied by the project during construction period should be incorporated into the soil and water conservation facilities. The total area of soil and water conservation facilities that may be destroyed during construction of the project is 309.7hm2.
11.3.3.3 Amount of abandoned soil and slag
By calculating earth volume in this scheme and balance analysis, the area of earth excavation during construction period is 1,200,490 m3, and backfill 1,033,840m3, 166,600m3 abandoned earth needs to be carried to the waste spoil area.
11.3.4 Prediction of water and soil loss amount
11.3.4.1 Prediction methods
Use analogy method to predict the increment quantity of probable soil loss produced in construction process according to natural conditions and construction disturbance characteristics of the project area on the basis of functions of main body design.
Using the following formula to calculate the quantity of soil loss:
3 n W ji ji TMF ji j 11i
3 n △ △ W F ji ji TM ji j 11i
W-the quantity of soil loss, t
△ W-the incremental quantity of soil loss, t
Prediction area of Unit i in Fji-j period, km2
Soil erosion modulus of Unit i in Mji-j period, t/km2.a
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2 Incremental soil erosion modulus of Unit i in △ Mji-j period, t/km .a
Prediction time of Unit i in Tji-j period, a
i- Prediction unit, i=1, 2, 3… n
j- Prediction time, j=1, 2, 3, refers to construction preparatory period, construction period and natural recovery period.
11.3.4.2 Predictive parameters
(a) Background value of soil erosion modulus
According to soil erosion modulus measured by standard runoff plot of Shexian County water and soil conversation testing station, the background value of soil erosion modulus of the selected area is 150-500t/km2.a.
(b) Erosion modulus selection of analogy projects
According to actual measurement of standard runoff plot (15°, 100 m2, bare all year) of Shexian County water and soil conversation testing station, the maximum erosion modulus is 7518 t/km2.a.
(c) Soil erosion modulus after disturbance
When confirm the disturbed soil erosion modulus of the project, correct the monitoring results of soil erosion modulus according to the measured data of Shexian County water and soil conversation testing station, main factors affecting water and soil loss and functions of water and soil conservation measures on reducing water and soil loss.
11.3.4.3 Prediction result
Separately predict the quantity of water and soil loss may be caused during construction preparatory period, construction period and natural recovery period according to the prediction time divided in Table 11.3-1. According to the predictive calculation, the total probable water and soil loss caused by the engineering construction is 500486t including background loss amount 14934t, incremental loss amount 485552t. See detailed prediction results of water and soil loss partition in Table 11.3-2.
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Table 11.3-2 Prediction Results of Water and Soil Loss Amount Area of Background Predictive Incremental Probable Values of Water and Water and Prediction Partition and period Water and Water And Soil Loss Soil Loss Soil Loss Soil Loss Amount Amount (hm2) (t) (t) (t) construction preparatory period 564.70 85967.10 85402.40 Buildings civil construction period 282.350 1694.10 85967.10 84273.00 engineering area natural recovery period 1129.40 13722.21 12592.81 Cultural construction preparatory period 22.72 845.52 822.80 resource protection and civil construction period 11.360 68.16 2766.96 2698.80 utilization natural recovery period 45.44 441.68 396.24 engineering area construction preparatory period 1829.60 68088.56 66258.96 Specialty industry civil construction period 914.800 5488.80 204265.69 198776.89 engineering area natural recovery period 3659.20 32603.47 28944.27 construction preparatory period 45.00 811.90 766.90 Waste disposal civil construction period 10.00 135.00 2435.70 2300.70 area natural recovery period 90.00 388.80 298.80 construction preparatory period 27.00 487.14 460.14 Construction civil construction period 6.000 81.00 1461.42 1380.42 site natural recovery period 54.00 233.28 179.28 construction preparatory period 2489.02 156200.23 153711.21 Sum of construction civil construction period 1224.510 7467.06 296896.87 289429.81 period natural recovery period 4978.04 47389.44 42411.40 Sum of construction period 1224.510 14934.120 500486.544 485552.424
11.3.4.4 Analysis on harm of water and soil loss
The project construction will disturb the earth surface and destroy vegetation, which may worsen the local ecological environment and affect the development of the local industry and agriculture as well as people’s living standards unless taking effective control measures. The main harms of water and soil loss may be caused are as follows:
(a) Possible harms to the project
Aggravate water and soil loss and affect the engineering operating. Construction processes during the engineering construction such as site excavation and remediation, structures and roads, etc will disturb the original soil layer, destroy the soil mass and seriously affect its stability and aggravate water and soil loss, which is adverse to the project’s normal operating.
(b) Impacts on river water quality
Cleaning river water during construction period will affect the quality of river water as dredging
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will take up silt, microorganism and suspended matter in river which may flow to downstream with water and worsen river water quality as a result.
(c) Possible harms to water and soil resources of the project area
Accelerate land fertility loss and lower land capability. The disturbance of the original landscape and destroy of surface vegetation and soil layer in project areas lead to soil organic matter lose, content of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and inorganic salt in soil decrease rapidly at the same time, which can deteriorate site conditions and make it difficult to later vegetation restoration work.
(d) Possible harms to surrounding areas
The construction disturbance surface area and earth and stone work amount of the project will disturb the original landscape, greatly decrease anti-erosion ability of surface soil, and will cause water and soil loss very easily. With appearance of water and soil loss and surface runoff running into rivers, the water environmental service engineering will reduce, resulting in ecological environment deterioration.
11.3.5 Predication conclusion and comprehensive analysis
11.3.5.1 Prediction conclusion
Through communication with the project construction unit and the design organization, based on relevant design drawing, design data and land utilization planning provided by local government sector, the concluded and calculated data statistics of the project construction is as follow: the disturbance area: 1302 hm2, damaged soil and water conservation facilities area: 1224hm2, total quantity of earth work during the construction period: 22.3million m3, and underlying total quantity of water and soil loss caused by construction: 5.0048million tons, including 14934tons of background water and soil loss and 485552tons of newly increased water and soil loss. The predicted quantity of underlying water and soil loss can be seen from Table11.3-3.
Table 11.3-3 Summary sheet of quantity of underlying water and soil loss Civil Natural Preparatory Newly increased Proportion of Prediction construction recovery period water and soil loss partition partition period period (%) (%) (%) (t) (%) Infrastructure 17.59 17.36 2.59 182268.22 37.54 Cultural resource protection and 0.17 0.56 0.08 3917.84 0.81 utilization Specialty industry 13.65 40.94 5.96 293980.13 60.55 Waste disposal 0.16 0.47 0.04 3366.40 0.69 area Construction 0.09 0.28 0.04 2019.84 0.42 plant In all 31.66 59.62 8.72 485552.42 100.00
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11.3.5.2 Comprehensive analysis
(1) Key area and period of water and soil loss
The underlying total quantity of water and soil loss caused by civil construction during the construction period is 5.0048million tons, and the quantity of newly increased water and soil loss is 485552tons, including 37.54% of which caused by infrastructure construction, 0.81% by cultural resource protection and utilization, 60.55% by specialty industry, 0.8% by construction plant and 7.6% by waste disposal area. Therefore, infrastructure area and specialty industry area should be seriously controlled and listed as key areas to be protected and supervised over water and soil loss; construction period and preparatory period, taking up 59.62% and 31.66% of water and soil loss respectively, are the two major periods water and soil loss happens, as well as two important periods when water and soil loss water and soil loss should be prevented and controlled.
(2) Suggestions on control measures layout
The main soil erosion type in this area is water erosion, so rainfall becomes the major factor that lead to water and soil loss. Measures and plans of water and soil conservation should strive to complete the drainage system and build makeshift drainage ditches and sand basin to drain away rainfall and avoid the formation of plash or flood which would worsen water and soil loss; meanwhile, excavation and backfill of this project may result in serious water and soil loss, so preventive works should be done, besides, open space should be covered by trees and grass as much as possible, controlling underlying water and soil loss, as well as improving environment of the project area, through vegetation measure. Water and soil conservation measures should keep pace with the construction period of the main project. In theory, temporary measures should be carried out first, and then carry out engineering measures and at last vegetation measures. As for provisional mounding, “damming up before mounding” measure should be taken. Construction schedule of the main project should be arranged compact and construction in rainy season should be avoided. For this reason, water and soil loss period will be shortened and water and soil loss can be reduced.
(3) Soil and water conservation monitoring
Soil and water conservation monitoring in this project is mainly over watercourse revetment work area and construction period is the especially critical. Water and soil loss mainly happens in rainy season, regular monitoring should be increased during this period.
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11.4 Soil and water conservation measures
11.4.1 Control measures layout principle
Layout of the control measures system refers to the scientific arrangement of project-listed engineering measures, newly-added engineering measures, vegetation measures and control measures on the bases of analysis and evaluation of the design of the main construction project. Through this arrangement, prevention measures and control measures are separately carried out, but an integrated prevention and control measures system is formed.
Controlling measures of water and soil loss in this project should comply with the following rules:
(1) According to the type of soil erosion in the project region, in combination with engineering practice and current status of the water and soil loss in the project region, adjust measures to the local conditions, set up fortification against unexpected water and soil loss, implement scientific allocation and optimize layout.
(2) Avoid artificial disturbance and rejected materials in the project region during construction, and carry out provisional controlling measures to lessen newly increased water and soil loss to the minimum amount.
(3) Learn from the local government and similar projects their experience in water and soil conservation, and using advanced technology home and abroad for reference, effectively control newly increased and natural water and soil loss in the process of construction and manufacturing with high-tech, low-input and high effectiveness.
(4) Lay emphasis on both the scientificness inside each control area and the connection and systematicness between control areas.
(5) When laying out control measures, several measures should be put forward to control water and soil loss in spoil ground (either for rock and residue) and large-scale excavation and choose the best measure with consideration to safety, control effect, construction conditions and investment.
(6) Apply scientific outlook on development, build up the concepts of people-oriented, overall coordination, sustainable development and harmony between human and nature, show respect to law of nature, and coordinate with the surrounding landscape.
(7) The layout of control measure system should be in close combination and coordination with main project, forming an integrated part.
(8) When carrying out engineering measures, local materials should be chosen, realizing
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feasibility in technology and rationality in financial condition.
(9) When carrying out vegetation measures, plant varieties suitable to the local condition should be chosen, and results of virescence and landscaping should be taken into consideration.
11.4.2 Control measures system and general layout
11.4.2.1 General layout
Water and soil loss control in the project region should be conducted according to “Three Simultaneities”. Layout of water and soil conservation measures should be implemented in full scale, with equal emphasis first on overall situation and then on local region, first on key areas and then on areas of less importance, in order of priority, differential treatment. The general layout guideline is as follow: engineering measures combine with temporary measures; combine control measures of water and soil loss caused by pitting corrosion, line corrosion and surface corrosion; give full play to control and timeliness of engineering measures; curtail and reduce water and soil loss in a short period of time; hold the water in the soil and protect the new ground surface through water and soil conservation measures and physical planning measure, achieving overall control over water and soil loss.
The water and soil loss control in this project is mainly over project construction area. Water and soil loss in infrastructure works area is severe, so infrastructure works area should be controlled as a key area. When carrying out control measures of different regions, emphasis should be put both on characteristics of water and soil loss in each region, as well as its relevant control measures, key areas and requirements, and on correlation, continuity, integration, systematicness and scientificness of each area.
11.4.2.2 Measures system
On the bases of analysis and evaluation of water and soil conservation in this main project, in combination of the defined water and soil conservation works, according to prediction conclusion of water and soil loss and characteristics of each control area, logical, integrated and systematic planning should be carried out, and supplementary and detailed control measures should be put forward, so that an integrated water and soil loss control measure system is formed, with engineering measures taking the lead, and vegetation measures and temporary measures combined.
With obstruct project set up in waste disposal area, water and soil loss produced by spoil and residue can be obstructed in one “Spot”; when new ground face is formed, waterway and revetment should be built to ensure slope stability, so water and soil loss is controlled by “Drain Line”; at the same time, land improvement, such as flattening, planting trees and grass, should
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be conducted, so water and soil loss is controlled by “Surface Landscaping”. With combined “Spot”, “Line”, and “Surface” control measures and their interaction, a comprehensive control measure system is formed, so ground surface is protected, ecological environment is improved and water and soil loss is controlled. This is the transformation from passive control of water and soil loss to overall development and improvement.
According to layout of main project, construction features, main factors that lead to water and soil loss, and other similar principles, this water and soil loss control measure system is partitioned as follow: grade-one partitions are the 68 regions of each village; grade-two partitions include five areas, and they are: area of infrastructure, area of cultural resource reservation and utilization, area of specialty industry, area of construction, and area of waste disposal; grade-three partitions include 4 areas, and they are: area of road works and area of its ancillary works, area of water supply and drainage, and area of water conservancy project. Grade-three partitions make demands of water and soil conservation on materials purchased abroad.
(1) Area of infrastructure project a. Road works and its ancillary works
Engineering measures: To take preventive measures to maintain rain water drainage pipes on both sides of the road, roadbed slope protection, roadbed drainage system, roadbed compaction, and landscaping engineering. Thus, roadbed is stabilized; surface gathered water is removed; road condition is improved and safety is guaranteed. Meanwhile, main works area finishes road-pavement of new road and broadened road, provides service for road safety and prevents water and soil loss from destroying the main works.
Temporary measures: for the case of temporary land occupation in construction, fertile soil should be moved aside, and when the construction is finished, the removed mellow soil should be moved back for future cultivation. According to the local natural conditions, suitable evergreen plants should be planted in open ground except Hard Cover so that open space increased by road construction can regain vegetation. b. Water supply and sewerage works
Engineering measures: To remove topsoil and put together earthwork of excavation in layers as temporary waste disposal area according to the status of excavation and backfill. When the engineering is finished, backfill-consolidation should be proceeded promptly in order to avoid damage to the engineering construction from water and soil loss.
Temporary measures: excavation and side-slope-fill in construction period, to cover fill slope,
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and to build up temporary drainage ditches and sand basin. c. Water conservancy project
Engineering measures: To remove topsoil, put together and cover earthwork of excavation in layers according to the status of excavation and backfill. When the engineering is finished, backfill-consolidation should be proceeded promptly in order to avoid damage to the engineering construction from water and soil loss.
In construction of side ditches of the main road inside the village, bank protection and seepage prevention should be built to lessen scouring, reduce sediment runoff and prevent water and soil loss in water delivery through soil channels. When side ditch revetment and channels are in construction, try to backfill with earthwork of excavation and save earthwork as much as possible.
In channel improvement, try to backfill with earthwork of excavation and save earthwork as much as possible, cutting down on water and soil loss in the project area to the minimum.
Temporary measures: foundation construction of road and revetment in upstream or downstream, filling and dismantling earth-bag for temporary cofferdam and temporary sand basin inside cofferdam. d. Ancillary facilities
Build new guardrails on both side of the river in the village, which will not affect water and soil conservation facilities. Do not take it into consideration.
Engineering measures: To build 2 public toilets and 3 parking lots in the project area. In construction, topsoil should be removed, put together at temporary waste disposal area and used for public landscaping.
(2) Area of cultural resource protection and utilization project
Engineering measures: To transport construction waste to waste disposal area and put it in the bottom layer.
Temporary measures: To put together construction waste in one spot with covering on them, avoiding water and soil loss in construction.
(3) Area of specialty industry project
Engineering measures: To flatten earthwork, build irrigation and drainage waterways, impounding reservoirs, drainage ditches and plant fruit trees, which are water and soil conservation measures. Construction should be conducted in accordance with Regulation of Techniques for Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion to reduce water and soil loss.
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Temporary measures: To remove the topsoil of excavation in planning area, temporarily put the removed topsoil in one spot, used as a nursery stock base; and remove topsoil of earthwork.
(4) Area of construction plant
Engineering measures: To implement land consolidation in construction plant after completing construction; and recover the land occupation type.
Vegetation measures: To sow cynodon dactylon seeds on grassland in the construction plant.
Temporary measures: To excavate makeshift drain ditch around the area; build sand basin; consolidate the ground where machines are placed and the open space for material processing with gravel.
(5) Area of waste disposal
Engineering measures: To build brick wall around the area to separate from the non-project area; and connect water system nearby with drainage ditches outside the wall. At the end of each drainage ditch, a sand basin should be built.
Vegetation measures: To sow cynodon dactylon seeds on spoil ground where vegetation recovery is necessary.
11.5 Water and soil conservation monitoring
11.5.1 Monitoring Period
The project is a construction one. While water and soil loss is mainly occurred during the period of the construction. Therefore, there is a 6-year’s monitoring period from the preparation period (2012) to the design level year (2017).
11.5.2 Monitoring Content and frequency
11.5.2.1 Monitoring Contents
The monitoring content of water and soil conservation consists of these following parts:
(1) Causes monitoring of water and soil loss
Including: landforms, soil property, vegetation coverage, precipitation, wind, and so on.
(2) Environment monitoring of water and soil conservation
Including: changes in landforms and hydrographic net, floor space and disturbance area of the project, excavation and embankment volume and area, quantity of spoils (stone, slag) and their form and area of pile-up, quantity, time, form and area of temporary soil storage, vegetation coverage of the project zone.
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(3) Dynamic monitoring of water and soil loss
It includes damage and the trend of damage to the downstream and surrounding areas imposed by different type, area, intensity and load of water and soil loss.
(4) Result monitoring of water and soil conservation measures
Including: quality and quantity of various water and soil conservation measures, survival and preserving rate of forest and grass after the vegetation measures as well as their growth condition and coverage, stability, soundness and operation of engineering measures, and the result of soil conservation through several conservation measures.
(5) Objective monitoring of water and soil conservation
Including 6 targets: improvement rate of disturbed land, general degree of water and soil loss management, control rate of soil loss, slag blocking rate, coefficient of vegetation restoration, vegetation coverage and so on.
Main monitoring points: implementation of water and soil conservation measures, management of application as well as safety requirements of the spoil area, information of disturbed land and occupied vegetation, practice of water and soil conservation measures (including temporary conservation measures), and the implementation of the accountability system of water and soil conservation.
11.5.2.2 Monitoring Frequency
The project shall be monitored constantly during the whole construction period (including the preparation period).
The spoil area and the development of water and soil conservation shall be monitored at least once per 10 days; the disturbed area and the engineering blocking measures of water and soil conservation shall be monitored at least once a month; the progress of the principal work, influencing factors of water and soil loss and the growth of the vegetation under water and soil conservation measures shall be monitored at least once every 3 months; once encountered rainstorm, gale or something alike, monitoring shall be added immediately; and the monitoring shall be completed within a week after water and soil loss.
11.5.3 Monitoring Area, Monitoring Site and Plan
11.5.3.1 Monitoring Area
The monitoring range of this project belongs to the extent of responsibility of water and soil conservation. The main monitoring area is the infrastructure area.
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11.5.3.2 Monitoring Point
Monitoring point is a site for observing the intensity of water and soil loss. And this site shall be established according to the forecast and analysis of water and soil loss. And the following principles shall be conformed while establishing:
(1) Representativeness. Monitoring sites shall be built among areas of different water and soil loss types. The original landscape under comparative observation shall be comparable to the disturbed landscape and one monitoring site is enough for the same places of different partitions.
(2) Convenient monitoring. Choose a place as convenient as possible so as to manage it easily.
(3) Avoid interference. Try to avoid interference brought by human activities.
(4) Build in different time period.
The location of the monitoring site shall be determined by the principles above-mentioned, and also by these following factors: features of the project, the disturbed area and its feature, different types of water and soil loss, facilities and distributions disturbing the excavation, vegetation condition as well as water and soil conservation, transportation and communication conditions. In this project, there are 5 monitoring sites, and there is one site in every secondary engineering division.
On the basis of fixed-site monitoring above-mentioned, investigation and inspecting system shall be established and improved, expanding the coverage of monitoring as a supplement of monitoring sites and increasing the frequency of investigation.
11.5.4 Monitoring Facilities, Organization and Personnel
In accordance with the requirement of monitoring content and monitoring approaches, facilities determining the water and soil conservation measures included: diastimeter, GPS position indicator, ombrometer, sightcing and camera. The monitoring is borne by the organization with monitoring qualification for water and soil conservation authorized by the employer. The organization shall monitor under detailed rules of relative monitoring specifications, entrusting qualified personnel with certificate.
11.5.5 Monitoring system
11.5.5.1 Monitoring report
(1) Before the project coming into operation (including preparation period), Implementation on Water and Soil Conservation Measures of Production and Construction Project shall be submitted to relative water administrative department. During the construction period, Quarterly Report Table on Water and Soil Conservation Measures of Production and Construction Project
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of previous quarter shall be submitted within the first month of every quarter. Meanwhile, pictures and other image date concerning spoils at important places shall be also provided. Serious water and soil loss and relative damage caused by rainfall, gale or other human factors shall be reported within a week after these events. At the end of monitoring, Final Report on Water and Soil Conservation Measures of Production and Construction Project shall be submitted within 3 months.
(2) After the approval of the project by water administrative department, the report and report table above-mentioned shall be submitted to the river-basin organization in which the project located by the construction unit. Meanwhile, copying the subordinate water administrative department the project has involved. The report and report table submitted shall be sealed by the production and construction organization and signed by the principal of the project. Implementation on Water and Soil Conservation Measures of Production and Construction Project and Final Report on Water and Soil Conservation Measures of Production and Construction Project shall also be sealed by the monitoring organization.
11.5.5.2 Announcement of Monitoring Results
On the basis of analyzing the monitoring results, the river-basin organization or the water administrative department shall publish the water and soil loss of production and construction project and its conservation conditions regularly (at least once a year), and shall also be subject to public supervision. The main content of the publication including: disturbed land, areas of occupied vegetation, quantity of spoils (stone), slag blocking rate, periodic management results, water and soil loss event and main measures for water and soil conservation.
11.6 Investment estimation of water and soil conservation
The newly added investment for water and soil conservation totaled RMB10.7066 million, among which the engineering measures 3.6587 million, vegetation measures 2.1359 million, temporary measures 1.9501million, plus independent cost 0.8949 million (containing construction management cost 0.24 million and water and soil conservation monitoring fee 0.3 million), basic reserve funds 0.5184 million as well as facility compensation fees for water and soil conservation 1.5486 million.
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12 Dam Safety Analysis
12.1 Dam safety analysis of Qiyunshan reservoir
According to engineering feasibility study report, this project plans to use Qiyunshan reservoir dam of Yanjiao Village as the first source of water supply in Qiyunshan group, at the same time build new large open wells across Hengjiang River as water intake facility, treat the groundwater as the backup water source of Qiyunshan group. According to the requirements of the current safety protection policy, Huangshan Design Institute of Hydroelectric Power carried out a safety analysis of Qiyunshan reservoir dam in July 2012, and issued the Safety Evaluation Report of Qiyunshan Reservoir Dam in Xiuning County.
12.1.1 Project profile of the reservoir
Qiyunshan reservoir is located in the small river on Qiyunshan which opposites to Yanjiao in the upstream of Hengjiang. The elevation near the dam site is about 370m, the basin is surrounded by Tao Peak, Wuzhi Peak, Luotuo Peak, Shizitou Peak, etc, and the main peak’s height is 534m.
The beginning work of Qiyunshan reservoir was completed in 1995, and the main work was completed in 1997. Qiyunshan reservoir is a single arch dam, and the reservoir is composed of dam, spillway and water drainage equipment. The design standard of the reservoir is designed based on the flood occurring once every 50 years and verified based on the flood occurring once every 300 years. The reservoir has a catchment area of 0.3 km2, basin length of 0.75km, verified water level of 295.00m, total capacity of 102000 m3, design level of 294.75m, useful level of 294.30m, useful storage of 84000 m3, dead storage of 5000 m3. Qiyunshan reservoir is a single arch dam with a crest elevation of 295.30 m, a wave wall of 296.30m, a maximum dam height of 17.3m, an arch length of 52.5m, a dam crest of 2.0m, upstream slope of 1:0, and a downstream slope of 1:0.5. The overflow dam is a practical weir, using an overflow dam surface, with a 294.30m weir crest, a 281.20m anti-arch section. The spillway’s width is 10m, and its maximum water release is 14.1m3/s. The draining culvert is on the left side of the dam, with a concrete pipe of 60cm.The plug-hole is on the right side of the dam with a castiron pipe of 25cm.The sluice valve controls the drain.
12.1.2 Safety inspection report of the site
Since Qiyunshan reservoir was built in 1997, the dam foundation hasn’t found any obvious leak, the pointing of the stone blocks with cement mortar also hasn’t found any tear and exfoliation, but the weir crest of the spillway has a carbonization phenomenon; the massif on both sides is
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steady, no debris slide occurred. Qiyunshan dam has bottom culvert and the plughole, the sluice valve has a normal operation and no leakage occurred at the export. Qiyunshan reservoir has no strengthening and maintenance so far.
Based on above analysis, although there are carbonization and exfoliation on local area of weir crest in spillway, it does not affect the safe operation of the dam. By checking the engineering case, Qiyunshan dam has no defects affecting the safe operation of the dam, only the weir crest needs to reinforce.
12.1.3 Comprehensive safety evaluation
Through calculation, Qiyunshan reservoir’s peak discharge is 9.4m3/s for every 50 years, 14.1m3/s for every 300 years. Through the flood regulating calculation, design flood level is 294.75m, the check flood level is 295.00m. According to superelevation calculation results table of the crest, the wave wall should reach 295.83m in the design case while it should reach 295.74m under the condition of checking. According to the specification requirements: under various operating conditions, the static water level of the reservoir should take the biggest one, thus the wave wall of the dam should choose 295.83m, but the present height of the crest is 295.30m, the wave wall is 296.30m, which meets the flood control standards set by the specification.
After calculation, the arch dam’s maximum crushing stress located at an altitude of 290m is 11.2 kg/cm2. Located at the downstream of the skewback, the maximum crushing stress is 5.5 kg/cm2 , all the stress conform to the requirements when located in the upstream of the 290m’s skewback.
The reservoir is controlled by Qiyunshan management committee .Reservoir’s main function is to supply water, the management committee is responsible for the control of the reservoir, the operation of water supply system, the maintenance and security of the building, doing all the preparatory work for a safe flood season and carrying on flood prevention work in flood season.
Qiyunshan reservoir has a sound management mechanism, it has full-time managerial and technical staff in daily management. The management mechanism basically meets the operating requirements.
12.2 Safety analysis of the renovation project of hilly pond
In accordance with the information provided by engineering feasibility study unit, this renovation project in hilly pond strictly enforces the inclusion criteria of the new countryside construction demonstration project in Huangshan, Anhui. The dam height are no more than 4m, the maximum capacity is no more than 10000 cubic meters, the minimum of less than 1000 cubic meters. In history, no dam break happened to the hilly pond ever. The repair carried out
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this time is aiming to increase service capacity of the hilly pond and reinforce dam body in case of leakage and collapse, so as to improve safety of the hilly pond. Thus the hilly pond risk of dam break is extremely low. The purpose of refurbishment is to increase the effective capacity of the hilly pond and reinforce the dam to prevent leakage and dam collapse, thus increase the safety of it. According to the analysis of engineering feasibility study unit, even if there is a dam break and wasteland and farmland are in the downstream without buildings, the flood peak won’t be higher than 2m and the water volume will be very small. What’s more, the slope is very big, the area of the submerged farmland is also very small and the flood will soon recede. It won’t cause big property loss even the threat of casualties.
This main function of the repair of hilly pond is to irrigate the fields and it takes principle of “who benefit who management “. After the repair， the beneficial farmers pay money to the administrator to entrust them to inspect the leakage condition of the hilly pond regularly and handle the abnormal situation once it occurs; lower the hilly pond’s water level below the flood control level before flood reason and keep the drain valve open, when meeting the excessive flood, the flood can drain timely, which won’t cause dam break.
12.3 General dam safety management regulations
The dam involved in this project should be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations as provided in the Measures for the Safety Control of Small Reservoirs in Anhui Province. Some provisions excerpted from it are as below.
Article III Local people’s government at different levels should tighten up the safety control of small reservoirs, provide timely coordination and resolve significant problems existing in safety management of small reservoirs.
An administrative leader-responsibility system is exercised in safety management of small reservoirs. In the principle of localization management, one county-level people’s government administrative leader should be assigned as the safety director for each (I) type small reservoir, and one village and town-level people’s government administrative leader should be assigned as the safety director for each (II) type small reservoir, assuming overall responsibility for safety control of the small reservoir and providing coordination to the departments and units concerned in the work of safety control of small reservoirs.
Article IV Water administration department under local people’s government at county level and above imposes supervision on safety management of small reservoirs in the area under its administration jointly with the department concerned.
Article V Water conservancy department, energy department, the department of housing and
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urban-rural development, transportation department, agriculture department and the like under local people’s government at county level and above are departments in charge of the safety management of small reservoirs in the area under its administration.
As to the small reservoirs owned by the rural collective economic organization that has major influence on flood protection and irrigation, the water administration department under the county-level people’s government of the place where the small reservoirs locate assumes the management responsibilities; as to the small reservoirs owned by other rural collective economic organizations or individuals, the village and town-level people’s government of the place where the small reservoirs locate assumes the management responsibilities.
Article VI As to unit or individual who makes remarkable achievements in safety management of small reservoirs, local people’s government should comment and give award.
Article VII The county-level people’s government of the place where small reservoirs locate should define the scope of management and protection of small reservoirs in accordance with the following principles:
(I) Area within outmigration line, land acquisition line or land regularization line around small reservoir area is defined as the management scope, and the range within a radius of 200 to 500 meters of verified water line of small reservoirs in mountainous and hilly outward is defined as the vegetation protection area.
(II) The range within a radius of 10 to 30 meters of the edge line of buildings is defined as the management scope of dam area of small reservoirs, and that within a radius of 50 to 100 meters of the dam toe line of downstream slope is defined as the management scope of main and auxiliary dam.
The unit in charge of small reservoirs should set fixed landmarks on the boundary of scope of management and protection.
Article VIII The development and construction scheme of any project proposed to be constructed within the management scope of small reservoirs should be subject to the approval by water administration department in charge, and the project should be subject to supervision by the water administration department during the construction.
If expansion, reconstruction, demolition of or damage to the original small reservoir project facilities is necessarily carried out because of construction, the construction unit should bear the cost of expansion and reconstruction or make compensation for any loss.
Article IX Within the management scope of small reservoirs, the following activities are prohibited:
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(I) Building structures or other facilities that will have adverse effect on safe operation of small reservoirs;
(II) Dumping, piling up, discharging rejected materials that will have adverse effect on safe operation of small reservoirs or pollute water;
(III) Dumping waste or muck into small reservoirs, and damming for holding up any river branch in small reservoirs or filling reservoirs;
(IV) Making damage or destroying small reservoir project facilities or the auxiliary facilities and equipment;
(V) Setting barrier or reclamation in watercourse of flood discharge and release in small reservoir downstream;
(VI) Other activities that will have adverse effect on safe operation of small reservoirs.
Within the management scope of small reservoirs, it is prohibited to carry out blasting, well drilling, quarrying and earth borrowing and other activities that will have adverse effect on safe operation of small reservoirs or endanger small reservoirs.
Article X The department in charge of small reservoirs should make registration of dam, safety appraisal, administrative staff training, annual safety inspection and danger elimination and reinforcement, etc. for small reservoirs under its administration, and designate one technical director for each small reservoir.
Article XI After designating the safety director and technical director, the list should be reported to the superior water administration department and flood control headquarters for record, and be publicized in public media at city or county-level.
If the safety director and technical director are transferred to new job, it is required to redesignate personnel correspondingly, and report the adjusted list to the superior for record.
Article XII The management unit of small reservoirs assumes the responsibilities for daily work of safety control, carrying out walk-around inspection, project maintenance, reservoir regulation, rescue and relief work and repair of works damaged by flood, etc.
In the period when no management unit is established, the department in charge should engage two or three temporary managers and one or two temporary managers to take charge of daily work of safety control of small reservoirs (I) type and small reservoirs (II) type respectively.
Article XIII The management unit of small reservoirs should perform regular safety monitoring and inspection as provided in relevant technical standards; and timely sort up and analyze monitoring data so as to know the operation conditions well from time to time. Any abnormality
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or unsafe factor should be reported to the department in charge timely as soon as being found, and countermeasures should be taken correspondingly.
The managers of small reservoirs should make record for daily operation, scheduling, hydrometry and reservoir inspection well.
Article XIV The department in charge of small reservoirs should work out flood control plan and flood control and emergency contingency plans for the ones under its administration, which should be reported to the flood control headquarters in charge for approval by law.
The flood control and emergency contingency plans should be comprised of: basic information on the project, hydrology data, safety scheduling plan during the flood, hazard analysis of emergency, dangerous case monitoring and report, emergency repairs in dangerous case, emergency security and start and end of the pre-arranged planning, it shall be attached with related diagrams and tables.
Article XV The department in charge and management unit of small reservoirs should make material reserves for flood prevention prior to the flood season as required, and keep unobstructed information transfer on situation of flood and alarm, and open communications between the management unit and the department in charge and the superior flood control headquarters.
Article XVI The utilization of small reservoirs should be on the premise of safety, producing comprehensive benefits. The management unit of small reservoirs should carry out scheduling and utilization of reservoirs in accordance with the flood control plan and instructions of the local flood control headquarters in charge.
Any unit or individual should not interfere scheduling and utilization of reservoirs illegally.
Article XVII When water level reaches flood control level, the department in charge and management unit of reservoirs should timely notify local people’s government for taking early warming measures, so as to minimize the influence and loss.
When the small reservoirs are in danger case, the management unit should report to the department in charge and the superior flood control headquarters immediately, and take emergency measures; when there has been signs of collapse, local people’s government should immediately take measures to give the alarm to the expected pond area, and carry out evacuation in time.
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13 Comparison of Alternative Plans
13.1 Program analysis of road & bridge and supporting facilities
The current situation of most project villages in this project: villages and groups is lack of roads, traffic conditions is so poor that the materials circulation and travel are seriously affected. The evaluation group carries out comparison on before and after the village road construction, road structure, construction materials, typical project plan, etc.
13.1.1 Zero project comparison
If the project is not implemented, the road width in most project villages is not enough, all are between 1 ~ 3 meters, only allow one-way traffic. Passing the car is very difficult, which will cause traffic jam and even accidents; Most of the village road surface is broken and seriously damaged and the roads are all dirt roads which are muddy and bumpy in rainy season. Some bridges’ standard is low, the surface is broken. When blood reason comes, the transport of agricultural products and grain or other supplies is very poor, what’s worse , it will also influence children to go to school and villagers’ going out.; In addition, there are no basic facilities such as parking lot, entertainment and leisure square, reception center, etc.
Through the implementation of the project, the current situation of village road is improved, the lighting system is increased, and some village’s road width will be broadened. Car passing will be easy, it will significantly reduce traffic jam and accident rate, Material circulation will be more smooth; residents will get a bigger security assurance when travelling, Especially some bridges such as the bridge in Xiangtan village will ensure that Vegetables, fruits and other agricultural products will be exported safely without delay in rainy season, which will improve production & living conditions and income of the project village greatly ; such as Cangshi road, connecting Cangxi Village and Shitan Village, is about 2.242 km after the construction, while it needed to pass around about 12km before the construction; and Chongchuan road which is about 2.3km with steep bend, long road segment, many risks and narrow road surface, so the traffic is very inconvenient. Its function now has evolved into the transportation of rural production and living materials and the contact between the villages and groups needs repairing urgently, etc. Therefore, building new roads connects between villages, not only reduces the transit time and transportation costs between the villages, but also improves the benefit of production and living.
In addition, the construction of tourism supporting facilities (such as parking lot, reception center, etc) will enhance tourist reception capacity to a certain degree, promote the development
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of project village’s tourism and rural cultural development, and improve people's income structure , enhance the economic income and promote the development of regional economy.
13.1.2 Pavement structure and material comparison
Pavement material can choose asphalt, cement, stone, etc., but each pavement structure has advantages and disadvantages, as shown in Table13.1-1.
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the bituminous pavement has been widely used in urban road construction, its excellent using function adapts to the demand of social development better. But Huangshan city is a mountainous area, the rural infrastructure is weak, the majority of villages’ traffic is blocking, and it doesn’t have the bituminous mixing plant. What’s more, bituminous pavement construction needs many dedicated machineries, the investment is also high and the later maintenance is also hard to do. Therefore, the road in project village does not have the basic conditions to use the bituminous pavement structure to a large number. At the same time, it will cause gas pollution such as asphalt smoke during the construction process.
Stone road is a high grade road pavement structure in ancient China, but it isn’t suitable for driving at a wide range due to its poor flatness, stumble driving and discomfort.
Cement concrete pavement which is with moderate investment and has low requirements for construction machinery is widely used in the construction of “Village-to-Village”. Many farmers also have the general construction technology, it can improve the enthusiasm and participation of farmers in project village to build a better home and increase farmer's income, and thus, it is recommended as the main pavement structure.
To sum up, it can consider to use the bituminous pavement structure in those project village roads near the city and are relatively important; in order to be harmony with the environment; stone pavement can be considered in tourist attractions and the road which is not long; the rural roads generally use cement concrete pavement structure. The evaluation group thinks the pavement structure and material selection scheme provided by construction unit is feasible.
Table 13.1-1 Pavement Structure Comparison Structure Engineering comparison Environmental comparison Need to set asphalt mixing station and strict Service life:8~10years construction technology and the advanced Investment: high bituminous construction equipment to o reduce the production Construction difficulty: large pavement of asphalt smoke and prevent air pollution; Maintenance: difficult Villagers' participation is poor, not conducive to Comfort of driving: perfect social and economic benefit.
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Structure Engineering comparison Environmental comparison Service life:10~20years Construction machinery is relatively more, the Investment: common construction noise is bigger; also can use artificial Construction difficulty: Concrete pavement mixing, hire the project villagers to participate in, ordinary which can increase the economic income of Maintenance: ordinary farmers, produce good social benefits. Comfort of driving: good Stone material must come from the stone mining, Service life:5~6years which will cause the destruction of the habitat such Investment: high as mountain breakage, loss of vegetation, Impact Construction difficulty: stone pavement on wildlife habitat, etc. Has a certain historical and ordinary cultural features, at the same time improve Maintenance: ordinary villagers' participation and produce certain Comfort of driving: bad economic benefits.
13.1.3 Bridge material and structural concept comparison
Bridges for this project mainly are involved in small and medium sized span bridges, as for structure material, steel structure, concrete structure and steel-concrete combined structure can generally be chose. Compared with concrete structure, steel structure has such characteristics as strong intensity, light self weight, strong span capacity and short structure height. thus it has a higher adaptability to bridge structure, but the cost is kind of expensive due to the costly construction expenses and need coating for protection for many times in the future maintenance period; steel structure should be avoided in general conditions. Therefore, this project shall adopt standardized concrete structure as much as possible.
Table 13.1-2 Bridge structure style comparison Environmental Structure style Engineering comparison comparison Small project quantities The structure height is short, factorization level high, and and temporary land transport and installation convenient. The project cost is low, Simply occupation area during construction convenient, prefabrication factory-like and supported construction period and implement prefabrication comprehensively while implement plate-girder short construction substructure construction, which can accelerate construction structure period leave a small progress and is the bridge structure pattern most adopted in impact on ecological small and medium sized span bridge construction currently. environment Design and construction experience on it is mature, span relatively long with the longest being approximately 50 meters, Small project quantities main beam being prefabrication part which can be and temporary land prefabricated in factory or at construction site and pour cast-in occupation area during section to form a complete bridge after installing the main ‘T” shape construction period and beam. Its advantages include relatively low cost and convenient beam structure relatively long construction. It is necessary to set relatively numerous construction period diaphragms to guarantee integral rigidity, the construction is leave some impact on kind of complicated and structure is tall compared with other ecological environment structures with the same span, and it is also a relatively common used structure pattern. Its advantages include simple structure, mature design Small project quantities experience, relatively strong structural stiffness, good torsion and temporary land Small-size box resistance performance, able to adopt factory-like prefabrication occupation area during girder structure and pour cast-in transverse joint to form complete bridge after construction period and installation , well-adopted to widened section due to bridge deck short construction
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Environmental Structure style Engineering comparison comparison slab is concrete structure; Its disadvantages lie in all kinds of period leave a small economic indexes are bigger than that of plate-girder and T impact on ecological beam, furthermore, its precast beam is relatively heavy, which is environment not so convenient for transport and installation as that of plate girder, etc. Large project quantities Its advantages include simple and beautiful linear, reasonable and relatively large load-carrying capacity and mature technology. Adopting temporary land Cast-in-place concealed bent cap decreases structure height. Its strong span occupation area during box beam capacity can decrease the number of substructure and accelerate construction period structure construction progress. However, cast-in box beam has high leave a relatively great requirements on support whose construction progress is slow, impact on ecological which cause expensive total cost. environment
Simply supported plate-girder structure with simple technology and low cost is recommended for most bridges with prefabricated slab with standard span being adopted as much as possible by simply supported plate-girder structure and cast-in-place simply supported plate-girder can be adopted in limited conditions based on the abovementioned analysis that the bridges in objective villages are farm-oriented with narrow width and small scale and in comprehensive consideration of rural construction condition; in addition, the prefabricated slab with standard span has strong replaceability. Project feasibility scheme is in favor of the local people’s participation in bridge construction and future maintenance and controls on project quality and construction progress. With a short construction period, it leaves a small impact on ecological environment; with a small temporary land occupation area, it is good for realizing resource coordination and sharing.
13.1.4 Typical project plan comparison
Reconstruction project bridge location scheme comparison for Shuxi Village Shibichen Bridge
Shibichen Bridge is the only passage leading to the outside world for the whole village and also the necessary road for people from Qingxi Village and Cha’er Village. With nine holes and its height being 8 meters, width 3 meters and deck elevation 114.5 meters, the hereinbefore bridge is a reinforced concrete slab bridge. The year-round passing through cannot be guaranteed due to design load of original bridge is low and the bridge floor is usually submerged affected by water level of Taiping Lake in flood season.
Scheme I: Dismantle and reconstruct the old bridge at the original location. A new bridge with the length of 170 meters and height of 121.5 meters must be built for this scheme. In addition, the road elevation of both ends of the bridge must be raised above the flood stage (i.e. the pavement elevation is higher than 119 meters), original road within the length of 650 meters must be raised approximately by 5.5 meters. The advantage of this scheme lies in making the
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transport around the original bridge convenient, which complies with villagers’ original trip habits.
Scheme II: Build a bridge north of the original bridge location. A new bridge with the length of 230 meters and height of 121.5 meters must be built for this scheme. Moreover, a bridge approach with the length of 190 meters and average roadbed height of 6 meters needs to be built. The advantage of this scheme is that the road is straighter. But it is still inconvenient for people near the original bridge location to trip in flood period, so the road elevation on both sides of original bridge needs to be raised above the flood stage.
Scheme II’s advantage is not so obvious because the design speed per hour of rural roads is slow and high requirements are not laid on road linear from the angle of engineering. But in consideration of relatively long service life period and relatively large scale of the bridge, the road being the main passage leading to Qingxi and the development and utilization of Taiping wetland, there will be a large anticipated traffic volume, so scheme II will better meet the long-term traffic demand compared with scheme I. Therefore, scheme II is more advantageous from the respective of engineering.
The bridge location of scheme II passes through the Xixi wetland nature reserve by which it will definitely destroy wetland’s ecological environment from the angle of environmental protection and encounter legal impediment. Scheme I passes through the south-west side of Xixi wetland nature reserve, which avoids damage on its ecological environment and legal impediment, therefore, evaluation group recommends scheme I from the respective of environmental protection.
In addition, environmental evaluation group and research institution cooperatively researched the set ferry and scheme building bridge from over two miles away from upstream to avoid wet land park based on the World Bank’s requirement.
The analysis on ferry-setting scheme is as follows: the road elevation on both ends of bridge must be raised above flood stage (i.e. pavement elevation exceeds 119 meters) and original road within 650 meters must be raised approximately by 5.5 meters in order to solve the problem of low current bridge floor elevation and unrealized year-round passing through. The transportation shall totally depend on ferry since the original bridge cannot be utilized after the road is raised up. Two new wharves must be built on both banks, ships that can satisfy vehicle ferry shall be purchased, management facility shall be provided and management operators shall be equipped, and staff must be arranged on duty all day the year around otherwise the transportation will be compelled to be cut off. It is required that vehicles can pass through the wharves and approach road in different elevations and constructional standards of wharf and approach road be greatly
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improved due to riverway water level does up and down within a year. In addition, the ferry has a poor transportation function and security for the vehicles and passengers need to wait for a long time to get on and off the boat at the ferry (direct, fast and continuous passing can be realized on a bridge). Taking the above said into consideration, ferry scheme will not be adopted as it is not advantageous in economical efficiency, functionality and security. Moreover, ferry was right adopted here in the 1980s but was replaced by bridge for its inconvenience reflected by villagers. It is quite hard for villagers to accept the ferry scheme.
The feasibility analysis on passing round wetland park is as follows: Chuanyang road is the only passage leading to the outside world and also a necessary passage for people from Qingxi Village and Cha’er Village, moreover, Gongsie posts mandatory project with a length of 6.2 kilometers has been implemented in 2007. As the bridge lies over the road and if pass round Wetland Park, the new bridge location needs to be raised up 2 kilometers along the river and a new road at least with a length of 4 kilometers needs to be built along the river. Not only will the new bridge have a great impact on environment, but also that all the vehicles need to circumambulate 4 kilometers. It is very difficult to implement road rerouting as this village lies in mountainous area; therefore, the feasibility of this scheme is poor.
In conclusion, the evaluation team agrees construction unit to set scheme I as recommended scheme.
13.2 Water-supply and drainage project alternatives analysis
13.2.1 Water supply engineering
13.2.1.1 Water supply mode
Two water supply modes –regional water supply mode and distributed and separate water supply mode are determined according to functional orientation of every district, development layout of industrial structure within area, requirements on water quantity, water quality and water pressure and verification on water resource situation, see Table 13.2-1 for comparison of two schemes hereinbefore.
Regional centralized water supply is a regional centralized water supply system equipped with cooperation network combined with numerous water sources and water works, it greatly increases the safe reliability of water supply and makes system be under a reasonable and economic operation state by strengthening scheduling function and coordinating supply-demand relation compared with distributed, separate and small size water supply. Therefore, every village in this project especially near urban area shall adopt regional centralized water supply mode as much as possible. Relatively disperse villages adopt distributed and separate water
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supply mode.
Table 13.2-1 Water supply mode comparison Water supply Dispersive and independent water Regional centralized water supply mode supply Construction Centralized population, near urban areas Remote and dispersive rural areas condition Make system be under reasonable and economic operation state by strengthening Independent operation, hard to dispatch System operation dispatch function and coordinating uniformly supply-demand relation. Able to utilize current water works, Environmental Separate construction and relatively small total engineering quantity and impact greater environmental impact environmental impact Due to regional centralized water supply owns such characteristics as high safe reliability, low operation cost and small environmental impact, qualified villages shall adopt regional Comprehensive centralized water supply as much as possible; village water supply mode with disperse comparison and separate water supply facility construction can gradually transit into regional centralized water supply management mode.
Regional centralized water supply is adopted in seven qualified villages and disperse and separate water supply is adopted in thirty disperse villages according to local practical conditions in this project. Disperse and separate village water supply mode will gradually transit into regional water supply centralized management mode and eventually realize regional centralized water supply and all the organizational towns and villages shall be brought into centralized water supply scope with the gradual development of social economy in every district and county of Huangshan city and towns under its administration.
Table 13.2-2 Water supply project water supply mode table of Anhui Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project Water Village name Number supply mode Regional 1-Xinjiang village, 2-Liu village, 12-Rao village, 20-Longshan village, centralized 7 18-Zhongdun village, 48-Yanpu village, 56-Tuanjie village water supply 11-Yang village, 13-Xing village, 14-Guo village, 15-Longyuan village, 16-Baiguoshu village, 17-Chaoyang village, 18-Zhongdun village, 19-Shuxi Dispersive village, 21-Xinfeng village, 22-Sanhe village, 23-Yongfeng village, 24-Xu and village, 25-Shitan village, 27-Wenzheng hill, 30-Xiong village, 34-Fujie village, 30 independent 37-Jiekou village, 42-Miantan village, 43-Su village, 44-Langsi village, water supply 45-Tianli village, 47-Yanjiao village, 54-Miaolin village, 58-Huansha village, 60-Lixi village, 61-Liudu village, 62-Luxi village, 63-Lunkeng village, 65-Penglong village, 66-Taoyuan village, 68-Zhukou village Note: Villages that haven’t applied water supply project are not listed in the above table. Regional centralized water supply includes water supply network connecting from urban area and towns, connected villages and connected regions. Zhongdun village and Tanjiaqiao group is regional centralized water supply while Niejiashan group is disperse and separate water supply.
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13.2.1.2 Water source and treatment process
According to the practical condition of selected villages for this project, gradually build a region-connected centralized water supply system to realize water supply integration between urban and rural relying on extended pipe network of current urban tap water works around urban area and towns. Build village-connected or sole village centralized water supply project with an appropriate scale utilizing current water source projects like reservoir in hilly area. Build small size public waterworks by flowing water from small size reservoir, spring and drilling well in mountainous areas where there are disperse dwellings. See Table 13.2-3 for comparison of every scheme.
(1). Water supplied directly from water works in city and town
Villages around urban area and towns can be directly supplied with water relying on extended pipe network of current urban tap water works, but count of water pressure and water quantity of pipe network shall be done well and booster pump station can be set to guarantee water supply when necessary,
(2) Spring water and stream water
Automatic flowing water from spring and stream had better be adopted in villages with good automatic flowing condition and relatively centralized dwellings in remote mountainous areas. Taking Huangshan district and Qimen County as an example, surrounded by mountain ridges, they own an advantageous geographic condition and high quality and large quantity spring water, thus, building centralized water supply facilities with automatic flowing water from spring and stream as water supply source is suitable for them. Small size centralized water supply projects with the scale below 100 tons are suitable to be built in the countryside as the population is disperse and population size differs greatly each other. Take purification measures on unqualified water and filtration measures on relatively hygiene water to meet hygienic standards after inspecting the quality of spring water. The construction contents of project sourcing from spring include intake dam, filter tank, water traced pipeline, high impounding reservoir, sluice valve well, water supply network and corresponding supporting facilities. The technological process is: Lead the water to high impounding reservoir through water conduit after entering filtration clean water basin from intake dam, conduct chlorination on water, transit the water to villagers via water supply network after the water quantity is adjusted in the high impounding reservoir for second-time water clarification with gravity water supply mode is adopted.
(3) Groundwater
Adopting groundwater as water source has such following advantages as convenient exploitation,
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simple design technology and low operation cost, etc. Villages surrounded by abundant groundwater resources with good water quality can adopt groundwater as water supply source.
(4) Reservoir water and river water
For villages neither owns high-quality and enough spring water nor groundwater for exploitation, can they preferentially adopt neighboring high-quality reservoir and rivers as water supply source if there are any, and they can adopt integrated water purifying plant in consideration that water supply scale is generally small.
Table 13.2-3 Water supply source comparison Reservoir Water supply Water supplied by Spring water, stream Groundwater water, river source urban water works water water Remote mountainous Relatively area, relatively abundant There are Construction Neighboring towns can centralized dwelling groundwater high-quality condition connect pipes. and convenient water recourse and reservoir and diversion by flowing relatively good rivers nearby automatically water quality Simple Direct water supply exploration and Relatively Technological relying on extended Good water quality design complicated characteristics pipe network of urban and simple treatment technology and treatment current tap water works low operation process cost Minimum project Applicable for local Relatively small Relatively large quantity and mountainous project quantity, project quantity, environmental impact, condition, convenient need to and need to Environment no need for separate implementation, investigate and strengthen comparison construction for water simple technology and protect protection on supply and treatment on relatively small groundwater surface water structures environmental impact resource source Comprehensive Preferentially choose supplied water from urban water works, next spring water and comparison stream water , then underground water, last choose reservoir water and river water
Water supplied by water works in towns is adopted in all six qualified villages, spring water and stream water in twenty-five villages, groundwater in eight villages and reservoir water and river water in only two villages in this project. Among them, water supplied by water works in towns is adopted in part of groups of Zhongdun Village, and spring water is adopted in temporarily unqualified Niejiashan; spring water is mainly adopted in Sanhe Village and drill well for water as a second water source in villages where the water quantity cannot be guaranteed; as a tourist attraction, Yanjiao village severely lacks water. The solution that Qiyunshan reservoir still as the first water supply source, meanwhile building a new large open well as the water intake facility by side of Heng River and groundwater as the standby water source of Qiyunshan reservoir is applied in this design in principle of energy-saving and cost-reducing and lowering operation cost. See the following table for details.
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Table 13.2-4 Water supply project water supply source table of Anhui Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project Water supply Village name Number source Water supplied by 1-Xinjiang Village, 2-Liu Village, 12-Rao Village, 18-Zhongdun Village, water works in 6 48-Yanpu Village, 56-Tuanjie Village city and town 11-Yang Village, 13-Xing Village, 15-Longyuan Village, 16-Baiguoshu Village, 17-Chaoyang Village, 18-Zhongdun Village, 19-Shuxi Village, 21-Xinfeng Village, 22-Sanhe Village, 23-Yongfeng Village, 37-Jiekou Spring water and Village, 42-Miantan Village, 44-Langsi Village, 45-Tianli Village, 24 stream water 54-Miaolin Village, 58-Huansha Village, 60-Lixi Village, 61-Liudu Village, 62-Luxi Village, 63-Lunkeng Village, 65-Penglong Village, 66-Taoyuan Village, 68-Zhukou Village 20-Longshan Village, 22-Sanhe Village, 24-Xu Village, 25-Shitan Village, Groundwater 8 27-Wenzheng hill, 30-Xiong Village, 34-Fujie Village, 47-Yanjiao Village Water from 43-Su Village, 47-Yanjiao Village 2 reservoir and river
Note: Villages that haven’t applied water supply project are not listed in the above table.
13.2.2 Water drainage engineering
13.2.2.1 Sewage source treatment method
The rural sewage is composed of black water (night soil sewage) and grey water (sewage from bath, washing, kitchen etc.). If there is a need to collect and treat the rural sewage, we must start from the sewage source, and the reform methods are three-format septic tank and biogas digester.
(1) Three-format septic tank
There still exist many pit toilets in the project village, affecting the economic development for the local tourism. This project is to build a three-format septic tank for peasant household that is willing to use water to flush the toilet. Because the peasant household still needs to use farm manure, the septic tank is independent on the basis of household instead of public one.
Three-format septic tank is the most simple anaerobic treatment structure which is composed of three interconnected and sealed manure pits, where the night soil enters from the soil pipe into the first manure pit, and then flow down to the third manure pit, and at this time, after treatment, the night soil has no parasitic ovum or pathogenic microorganism, achieving the requirement of harmless night soil. Three-format septic tank has many advantages such as simple structure, easy to build, low construction cost, little energy consumption, simple and convenient maintenance and management etc.
(2) Biogas digester
For the project village where the existing livestock breeding has certain scale, the night soil and
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urine must be properly disposed, and the project will build biogas digesters for it.
Biogas digester, combined the anaerobic fermentation technology and facultative biological filtration, make the organic matter in the domestic sewage decompose or convert into methane, carbon dioxide and water under the anaerobic and facultative anaerobic condition, realizing the purpose of sewage purification treatment and resource utilization. Biogas digester is sewage resource unit and pretreatment unit, and its secondary products, biogas residue and biogas slurry, contain a kind of organic fertilizer with many nutrient contents. Table 13.2-5 Comparison of sewage source treatment method Source treatment Three-format septic tank Biogas digester method For the project village where the Construction The septic tank is independent on the basis livestock breeding has certain scale, the condition of household instead of public one. project will build biogas digesters for it. Simple structure, easy to build, low Realize the purpose of sewage Technological construction cost, little energy purification treatment and resource characteristics consumption, simple and convenient utilization with biogas generated. maintenance and management. Environmental Both methods are anaerobic fermentations and the environmental impact is basically impact equal. Both methods can realize the purpose of collecting and treating source sewage. Comprehensive Though the biogas digester can produce biogas, and the construction and operation comparison requirements are high, the treatment method shall be properly selected in accordance with the specific circumstances of the project village.
13.2.2.2 Analysis on technology and characteristics for rural sewage treatment
Through construction of several decades, there have been many treatment technologies for rural domestic sewage in China, mainly including oxidation pond (stabilization pond), constructed wetland, soil infiltration, activated sludge process etc. This design has analyzed the characteristics and applicable conditions of various treatment technologies, and determined the specific sewage treatment technology used in the project village.
(1) Oxidation pond (stabilization pond)
Oxidation pond is also called stabilization pond, which is formed by using natural pond or river course, after proper renovation, and setting causeway and impermeable layer. It is a kind of sewage biological treatment technology which relies on the biological purification function to make the sewage purification. According to the dissolved oxygen level and biotic population category as well as its function, there are anaerobic pond, facultative pond, aerobic pond, aerated pond, biological pond etc. The oxidation pond system also can be formed according to the physical truth. The sewage purification process in the pond is extremely similar to the self purification process of natural water. The sewage slowly flows in the pond and stays for a long time, after a metabolic activity of microorganism survived in the sewage and a synthetic action of various organisms including aquatic plant, the organic pollutants in the sewage are degraded
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and the sewage is purified. In the whole process of purification, there are three statuses as anaerobic, facultative and aerobic. In order to improve the purification function of ecological pond, it is required to set aeration facility at each section, which can effectively eliminate the
COD, SS and NH3-N, and have favorable effect on landscaping.
According to relevant design specifications, the design shall determine the water surface area on the basis of the surface loading of BOD5, and determine the number and form of pond on the basis of water quality requirement of raw wastewater and treated water. In this project, if the former address provided by the project village is pond or swale, the design employs oxidation pond model, such as Kunsha, Chaoyang, Xu Village, etc.
(2) Constructed wetland
Constructed wetland is a sort of semi-ecological sewage treatment system formed by artificial design and reform, which is mainly composed of soil matrix, aquatic plant and microorganism, having an obvious effect on environmental enhancement and environmental quality improvement. It increases the vegetation cover rate, keeps the biological diversity, and improves the ecological environment. The treatment technology is of low investment and operation cost, stable treatment effect and good water quality of treated water. Common wetland includes surface flow constructed wetland and subsurface flow constructed wetland.
The sewage treatment process by use of constructed wetland is the interaction of physical, chemical and biological processes among plants, matrixes and internal microorganisms in the wetland. Common aquatic plants are cattail, reed and rush which all spread widely and can bear low temperature. The water depth fir for growth of different aquatic plants is different, in which, cattail is fit for growth under the environment of 0.15m water depth: the rush is fit for growth that of 0.05-0.25m water depth; and the reed is fit for growing on bank side or in shallow water and in the deep water of 1.5m at most. The main design parameter includes hydraulic loading, plant selection, hydraulic condition etc., which shall be designed in accordance with relevant specifications, and the hydraulic loading is generally 0.25~0.3m3/m2.d. Through domestic and foreign research and practice experience, the investment and operation cost of constructed wetland is generally just 1/10 of traditional secondary sewage plant.
In the project, if the former address provided by the project village is farmland or flood land, the design has employed the constructed wetland model, such as Liu Village, Yongfeng, Miaolin Village etc.
(3) Soil infiltration
Soil infiltration treatment system is a sort of sewage ecological engineering treatment technology intensified by man, which makes full use of the soil animal, soil microorganism,
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plant roots living under the earth surface and physical and chemical characteristics of the soil to purify the sewage, belonging to a small sewage land treatment system. It is of good effect of soil infiltration treatment, saving investment cost, little energy consumption, low operation cost, simple and convenient maintenance and management, but the disadvantages are low pollution load, large floor space, easy to block for improper design, and easy to pollute the groundwater. Because the project village is located in Xin’an River, Qingyi River and Yangtze River where the water quality is sensitive, the treatment technology will not be employed in this project.
(4) Micro solar power treatment system
Micro solar power treatment equipment is a sort of small integrated sewage treatment structure which is in fact a kind of facility for activated sludge process. The sewage finishes the hydrolysis acidification and acetic acid production in the anaerobic biochemical pool. Hydrolysis and acidification can improve the biodegradability of raw wastewater so as to reduce the time of consequent reaction and energy consumption for treatment; in the anoxic tank, use the facultative microorganism to degrade the pollutant in the sewage.
After the sewage flows into the biological contact oxidation pond, the organic matters in the sewage will be further degraded. In the biological contact oxidation pond, use the aeration equipment to properly aerate the sewage and then conduct aerobic biochemical treatment where the organic matters are further degraded by the microorganism, the ammonia nitrogen is nitrified, and the concentration of NO3-N increases; the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria of activated sludge absorbs a mass of phosphorus of sewage under the aerobic condition, converts it as insoluble poly orthophosphate for storage, and finally removes the phosphorus by sedimentation tank discharging residual sludge. After contact aerobic reaction, the organic matters in the sewage have been degraded by the microorganism, and then make the sewage flows into the sedimentation tank and remove the suspended particle by use of gravity setting so as to decrease the concentration of suspended particle. The system converts the solar power into electric energy by use of solar photovoltaic panel, making it as the power of aeration facility and backflow facility with excess energy storing in the storage battery. The system conforms to the national policy due to utilization of green energy-solar power. The water quality treated by the system can reach the A-level standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996).
In the project, if the site area provided by the project village is small and oxidation pond and constructed wetland cannot be employed, it is required to use integrated micro solar power sewage treatment structure, such as Xinjiang village, Longyuan Village, Longshan Village, etc.
(5) Ecological restoration of river course
The street and alley in Lingshan and Penglong Villages are narrow, so the pipelines cannot be
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buried; there are many houses and buildings by the river, so intercepting pipelines cannot be constructed. Lingshan Village is famous for “Water Street”, and the Neixi River in Penglong Village is the water body receiving storm sewage, Water environment has a tremendous effect on image of the whole village and lives of residents, therefore, the design recommends to conduct the ecological restoration of river course for purpose of activating river sediment, making it have strong self purification capability so as to realize the purification of water body.
The project is realized by adding efficient physical and chemical coagulant which is composed of natural mineral substances without secondary pollution. Add the coagulant into the polluted water body, after mixture and stir for a certain time, conduct solid phase and liquid phase separation process for the organic matters and inorganic matters in the residual sludge, and meanwhile, conduct liquid phase and solid phase separation process for the organic matters and inorganic matters existing in the water body, with the purpose to stabilize the sludge structure, clarify and purify the water body. Through the test detection, the oxidation reduction potential of sludge after treatment increases several times and the sludge decreases by about 2/3 without secondary pollution.
Table 13.2-6 Comparison of sewage treatment technology Sewage Construction Technological treatment Environmental comparison condition characteristics technology Low investment and operation cost, simple The site is pond or High removal rate with an effect Oxidation pond maintenance and repairs, swale of landscape easy to operate without sludge treatment Low investment and Increase of vegetation cover rate, operation cost, stable Constructed The site is farmland or maintenance of biological treatment effect, good wetland flood land. diversity, improvement of water quality of treated ecological environment water Good treatment effect, low investment cost, little Large floor space, not easy to energy consumption, low block but easy to pollute the Soil infiltration Large floor space operation cost, simple and groundwater, thus the project will convenient maintenance not adopt it. and management Conform to the national Applicable to the sites that makes Small integrated policy due to utilization of use of green energy with a small Micro solar sewage treatment green energy-solar power; floor space and cannot employ power system structure with little small site area and stable oxidation pond or constructed floor space water quality of treated wetland. water No pipeline bury Realized by adding For the ancient village that Ecological condition and efficient physical and cannot conduct pipe collection, restoration of intercepting pipeline chemical coagulant the water environment can be river course construction condition without secondary improved through ecological
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Sewage Construction Technological treatment Environmental comparison condition characteristics technology pollution. restoration of river course.
13.2.2.3 Sewage treatment system model
Through building septic tank or biogas digester, the pollution source has gone through the primary anaerobic treatment, but due to limited treatment effect, just relying on the septic tank or biogas digester cannot make the water quality of treated water reach the standard, and direct discharge will pollute the environment, thus it is necessary to conduct a further treatment cooperating with the subsequent aerobic biological treatment unit or ecological technology unit. In addition, the rural wastewater from bath and kitchen at present are all discharged through overland flow and evaporation, or discharged in the neighborhood. Above two sorts of wastewater needs to be collected by pipe networks, and treated in a center for discharge or reuse.
Combined with the results of site survey and research, in order to furthest collect and treat sewage, reduce the quantity of pollutant discharged, protect the water source, and meanwhile, protect the ancient village and ancient architecture and reduce the effect on the village to the minimum, this design has summarized the following four sewage treatment system models aiming at the physical truth:
(1) Septic tank (biogas digester) + separate system pipe networks + centralized sewage treatment
Many project villages are now developing or preparing to develop the new countryside construction, which is to build a new residential area for villagers, and construct tourism parking lot, happy farmhouse, public toilet etc., in accordance with the modern architectural standards, for purpose of improving the living conditions of farmers, striving to develop the tourism economy. These newly established architectural complexes are equipped with a complete toilet and health system with a wide and flat site selection and superior traffic condition, or the main roads in the villages are wide with little obstacles, and the narrow section after support can install sewage pipeline and has the condition of independently burying sewage pipe, which is applicable to the complete storm sewage separate system, such as Xinjiang Village, Shuyuan Village, Xinfeng Village, Miantan Village, etc. If it conforms to the above conditions, it is required to employ the system model of “septic tank + separate system pipe network + centralized sewage treatment.
(2) Septic tank (biogas digester) + intercepting system pipe network + centralized sewage treatment
The building interval in some ancient village is too small and the road in the village is narrow,
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thus it is unable to implement the sewage pipe. If the little wastewater produced flows into the river crossing the village through the drainage ditch under the valley and it has pipeline bury condition on both sides of the river, it is required to employ the system model of “toilet reform + intercepting system pipe network + centralized sewage treatment”, such as Yongfeng Village, Miaolin Village, Huansha Village, etc.
(3) Septic tank (biogas digester) + ecological restoration of river course
There is no pipeline bury condition in some ancient villages; if the dwellings are constructed facing the water, which result in the intercepting pipeline not being implemented either, it is required to employ the ecological restoration of river course for main receiving water body, making it have the function of biological degradation and strong self purification capability, reducing the quantity of pollutant discharged, such as Lingshan Village, Penglong Village, etc.
(4) Septic tank (biogas digester) + management by municipal government
If there is a sewage pipe network of municipal government (not more than 5km) nearby the project village, and the sewage has an elevation fall and can flow into the sewage pipe network by relying on the gravity flow, it is required to employ the model of “management by municipal government”, such as, Waibianxi Village, Qiankou Village, etc.
13.3 Program analysis of water conservancy project
13.3.1 River course cleaning
There are many methods on river course cleaning, mainly including manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning and pond poisoning machine cleaning. Each project village can select different plans to clean the river course on the basis of different circumstances. The following is the comparison of three plans:
Table 13.3-1 Comparison of river course cleaning plan Name Applicability Characteristics Unit price Environmental impact Used for the river that is Low requirement Long construction period Manual narrow with soft riverbed About 40 for the site but long and the secondary cleaning and where the machinery Yuan /m3 construction period pollution may arise. cannot be used. The secondary pollution High cleaning can be effectively Mechanical Used for the river where efficiency and the About 17 avoided, while the cleaning machinery can be used. sludge can solidify Yuan /m3 machinery handling fast. exerts an influence. Dredging method by Integration of Pond The disturbance in the mixture and suction, that is excavation, poisoning About 70 water is big and the to say, mix the sludge with handling and blow, machine Yuan /m3 sludge is difficult to the river water as mud, and advanced cleaning solidify in a long time. then suck the mud with technology and high
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pump. efficiency
The qualified villages should give a priority to the mechanical cleaning and pond poisoning machine cleaning, while the river that is narrow and where machinery cannot be used has to employ the manual cleaning plan.
13.3.2 River bank protection
River bank protection engineering is to protect the river bank from invading and scouring by water flow and wind wave. The river bank protection plan can be divided into dry stone river bank protection, mortar stone river bank protection and ecological concrete block river bank protection on basis of structure and material type. Each project village should select different plans to protect the river bank according to different circumstances, and if there is a special circumstance, a special plan is required.
(1) Dry stone masonry river bank protection
It is mainly to employ the method of manual masonry after the base plate is casted with C20 plain concrete, and use the graded stone to construct the retaining wall.
(2) M10 mortar stone masonry river bank protection
It is mainly to employ the method of manual masonry after the base plate is casted with C20 plain concrete, and use M10 mortar to build a seam and construct the retaining wall with dimension stones.
(3) Ecological concrete block river bank protection
It is mainly to use prefabricated concrete block, combining with the geogrid, to construct layer by layer.
Table 13.3-2 Comparison of river course protection plan Environmental Name Applicability Characteristics Unit price impact
Good ecological Used for the river reach Use local materials, need features but the Dry stone without incident flow top a large number of labor About 190 construction will masonry rush in the river course with force, long construction Yuan/m3 exert an influence for small flow velocity and wall period a long time. height of less than 5m. Used for the river with Anti-shock; use the local Band ecological M10 incident flow top rush and material; the wall height features and the mortar About 300 wall height of 4-8m and is able to meet the rural construction will stone Yuan/m3 where the filling behind the requirement; need a exert an influence for masonry wall is high or there is a large number of labor a long time.
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vehicle load. force. Ecologica Used for the river reach with Convenient to construct Good ecological About 350 l concrete small flow velocity and good but inconvenient to features and Yuan/m3 block landscape. obtain materials. landscape
13.3.3 Water conservancy works
In this project, the water conservancy works is mainly to block the river and draw water. On basis of certain design standards, by selecting advantageous river regime and making use of effective catchment condition, build a diversion weir with low water head on the soft foundation of river course which will make the running water comes together, causing a 1-2m raising of water level, providing guarantee for agricultural irrigation and demand in households.
The main type of diversion weir includes fixed dam, rubber dam, shutter dam and hydraulic elevating dam.
(1) Plan 1: fixed dam; it is mainly to construct a retaining dam on the foundation of river bed by employing mortar stone masonry or buried stone concrete, and the dam surface uses fine aggregate concrete for plastering.
(2) Plan 2: rubber dam; it is mainly to store water and drain the water off by placing rubber dam bag on the reinforced concrete slab.
(3) Plan 3: shutter dam; by making use of the gravity of sluice gate after finishing the reinforced concrete slab. Use buttress and shaft to fix the sluice gate. When the flood reaches certain height, the sluice gate will automatically open; and when the water level decreases, the sluice gate will automatically close.
Plan 4: hydraulic elevating dam; it is mainly to place the dam foundation on the river bed, and pre-cast the hydraulic equipment, and control the lifting of sluice gate through hydraulic rod.
Table 13.3-3 Comparison of river bank protection plan Unit price (take a 1m-high, Environmental Name Applicability Characteristics 6m-wide dam for impact example) Used for the river course Use the local material; Fixed About with a low dam and small simple construction but dam RMB10,000 The fixed dam flood control pressure impeded flood discharge will form a Unimpeded flood Rubber Used for the wide river About ecological discharge; fragile dam bag; dam with good water quality RMB35,000 barrier; and the complicated maintenance later three plans Unimpeded flood Shutter Strong applicability with a About have the discharge; high dam storage elevation of 1-5m RMB45,000 function of requirement for geology flood discharge The water level can be with little Elevating Low water head and good controlled as required; low About barrier effect. dam geological condition water head; high RMB60,000 construction cost
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According to above comparison, the fixed dam will form an ecological barrier, thus if there is a condition, the later three plans are preferential. Each project should employ different plans according to the specific circumstances so as to achieve the best effect. For the reinforcement of diversion weir in some villages, it is required to make a detailed design on the basis of different circumstances.
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14 Public Participation and Information Disclosure
The World Bank loan of Huangshan new countryside construction demonstration project in Anhui Province involves rural infrastructure construction, the protection and utilization of cultural resource, the development and capacity building of characteristic industry, covering 68 villages of “three districts and four counties” in Huangshan city. The project construction can not only enhance the agricultural productivity of 68 villages, boost urban-rural integration, contribute to the overall development in urban and rural areas, increase farmers’ income and improve their living standards; but also can promote the tourism development of the whole town in Huangshan city to add impetus to the increase of Huangshan’s GDP based on the 68 villages after the project construction, but on the other hand, the project construction will have some direct or indirect impacts on residents’ lives in the region concerning economy and culture and other aspects. It is essential to fully take people’s opinions and suggestions into account to ensure the project construction to be well underway.
The environmental impact assessment group of the project together with project office held two rounds of negotiation with the public. The first round of public negotiation, that is, the consulation with the public at this time was carried out after the draft of TORs of environmental impact assessment in September 2012. We have carried out careful and comprehensive public negotiation concerning relevant government, department and the masses and by the means of internet, village bulletin board, public participation in questionnaire statistics, symposium and other forms to get to know the public’s opinions and suggestions intimately so as to show the significance of their opinions. The second round of public participation was carried out on the the draft of environmental impact report in December 2012, by the means of internet, newspaper, public participation in questionnaire statistics and other forms to comprehensively and carefully accept the feedbacks and suggestions from the public concerning relevant government, department and project villagers etc.
14.1 Information disclosure
According to the requirements of the World Bank, the project is full open to the public to let more people know the project construction. The first and second information disclosures are carried out respectively to seek objective advice from people of different circles.
14.1.1 Disclosure scope
The objects of information disclosure can be classified into two categories: one is aimed at the
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people of all circles who care about the project; the other is aimed at people in the project region who are affected directly and indirectly.
14.1.2 Disclosure way
The ways of information disclosure in the first phase mainly include two kinds: one is publishing the information of the first-round environmental impact assessment of the project on Huangshan government website (figure 14.1-1); the second kind is publishing the information of the first-round environmental impact assessment of the project on the village bulletin board (figure 14.1-2).
The ways of information disclosure in the second phase mainly include four kinds: the first kind is publishing the information of the second-round environmental impact assessment of the project on Huangshan government website (figure 14.1-3); the second kind is publishing the information of the second-round environmental impact assessment of the project in Huangshan Daily (figure 14.1-4); the third kind is storing the draft of environmental impact report for reading in seven libraries in districts and counties including Tunxi District, Huangshan District, Huizhou District, Shexian County, Xiuning County, Yixian County and Qimen County; the fourth way is handing out the abridged edition of environmental impact report for the convenience of people to know the information. The full sized EA documents were disclosed at Huangshan Municipal governmental website on Febuary 6, 2013.
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Figure 14.1-1 Information disclosure of the first EIA
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Figure 14.1-2 the environmental impact assessment of the project village information disclosure (part of villages)
Figure 14.1-2 EIA information bulletins in project villages
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Figure 14.1-3 Information disclosure of the second EIA
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Figure 14.4 EIA Information disclosure in Huangshan Daily (the second time)
Figure 14.1-5 The second public symposium (part of project villages)
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14.2 Public consultation survey
14.2.1 Public consultation survey for the first time
According to the schedule, the first consultation survey will be carried out from September 12, 2012 to September 27 with the scope of three districts in Huangshan city (Tunxi District, Huangshan District, Huizhou District) and four counties (Shexian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County, Yixian County). The project adopts three forms of public consultation, and the details are shown as follows:
(1) Based on the symposium of relevant management department of government, the project office organized the symposium concerning environmental impact assessment of the project and invited the management personnel from environmental protection, water conservancy, cultural resource and forestry administrative departments to participate in the symposium to discuss the major environmental problems required key attention during construction; in addition, the project group also interviewed part of management departments which didn’t participate in the meeting.
(2) According to the quantity of project village of each district and project types, each district chooses several project villages to chair symposium with public participation. The personnel in symposium include: the project office staff from districts and counties, town government staff, village committee staff, village representatives with at least two female and one old man; introduces the basic information of the project in village, answers village representatives’ questions concerning the project and asks their opinions and suggestions on environmental protection of the project.
(3) Conduct 402 sampling questionnaires for affected residents in all project villages; know the opinions, concerns and requirements of affected residents about the project construction and know the support condition of the affected residents in project villages on the project.
14.2.2 Public consultation survey for the second time
According to the schedule, the first consultation survey will be carried out from December 20, 2012 to December 23 with the scope of three districts in Huangshan city (Tunxi District, Huangshan District, Huizhou District) and four counties (Shexian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County, Yixian County). The project adopts two forms of public consultation, and the details are shown as follows:
(1) According to the quantity of project village of each district and project types, each district chooses several project villages to chair symposium with public participation. The personnel in symposium include: the project office staff from districts and counties, town government staff,
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village committee staff, village representatives with at least two female and one old man; introduces the basic information of the project in village, answers village representatives’ question concerning the project and asks their opinions and suggestions on environmental protection of the project.
(2) Conduct 152 sampling questionnaires for affected residents in all project villages; know the opinions, concerns and requirements of affected residents about the project construction and know the support condition of the affected residents in project villages on the project.
14.3 The conclusion and analysis of the public consultation for the first time
14.3.1 The result analysis of symposium in management department
The major objects of symposium in management department are management personnel from environmental protection, water conservancy, cultural resource and forestry management departments in Huangshan City and project office staff from districts and counties, so the project will cause some superficial or potential impacts on natural reserves and scenic spots, based on which, relevant staff proposed valuable and scientific suggestions.
The symposium in management department can be concluded as follows:
(1) Opinions and suggestions from Huangshan Environmental Protection Bureau and Huangshan Water Conservancy Bureau: the project can benefit the masses and play an obvious demonstration role in Huangshan new countryside construction. As administrative departments in charge of environmental protection and water conservancy, we will fully support the project construction. Because Huangshan is located in Xin’an River where ecological compensation is being carried out by our Country, it should pay special attention to water protection during construction period.
(2) Opinions and suggestions from Huangshan Forestry Bureau: through initial judgment, the project villages are irrelevant to national and provincial natural reserves and it remains further identification whether the project villages pass the natural reserves at county level. There are many natural reserves at county level in Qimen County, but most of which are key ecological and public welfare forests, not real natural habitats.
(3) Opinions and suggestions from Huangshan Plant Protection Station: the project construction of crops diseases and pest measuring platform and biological insect-killing light in Shitan village can regard as pilot project of agricultural pest integrated controlling.
(4) Opinions and suggestions from Huangshan Cultural Relics Bureau: cultural resource protection and utilization is a special project in Huangshan new countryside construction,
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because part of its projects involves cultural relic protection site at different levels. The procedure of cultural relic protection shall be valued especially. Qualified organizations and consultants with the experience in physical cultural resources shall be invited to make on-site inspection and technology assessment of physical cultural resources and formulate a management plan of current physical cultural resources in project district.
(5) Opinions and suggestions from Huangshan Planning Bureau: Yuehua Street, Yanjiao Village is located in scenic spots and historic sites of Qiyunshan, Xiong Village is located in Huashan Mysterious Grottoes— Jianjiang scenic spot. The project shall comply with the general plan of scenic spots and shall seek advice from the administrative committee of the two scenic spots.
In general, the staff in charge of competent administrative department also hope the project be completed early to boost local tourism development so as to promote local economic development. Meanwhile, they proposed opinions and suggestion on environmental protection of the project from departmental angle. The opinions mentioned above were adopted in the continued work.
14.3.2 Result analysis of symposium concerning project villages
Based on the quantity of project village in each district and county and project type included, the on-site survey is carried out by choosing several project villages of each district and county to hold public participation symposium with 30 project villages. During the symposium, we will make a description of the project village to all participants and answer the questions concerning the project from village representatives and seek advice of the project from them. See Table 14.3-1for general information.
Through the communication with town government, village committee and village representative in 30 project villages, it is found that most of villagers hold positive attitudes towards the project and hope it be completed as soon as possible. The opinions and suggestions proposed by participants based on the problems of the village are summarized as follows:
(1) The current water source in most project villages is spring-water, which has good quality but is not stable in quality and quantity of water; direct sewage discharge has a large impact on environment. Villagers are urgent to improve the drainage system through the project construction and solve the problem of drinking water and improve the environmental conditions through the treatment of sewage discharge.
(2) The transportation conditions in some villages needs improving urgently through the project construction, and Shuxi village is such an example with bridges being swamped during wet season, it is isolated from outside and the products and goods can only be transported by ships, so villagers hope to build a new bridge to improve the transportation. There are some villages
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which also needs improving external traffic urgently for the convenience of going out through the project construction because of being unable to open to the traffic.
Table 14.3-1 General information of public symposium Districts/ Districts/ Project village Participants Project village Participants counties counties Guo Village 10 Qiankou Village 11 Huangshan Shuxi Village 11 Huizhou Lingshan Village 9 District Rao Village 8 District Fuxi Village 8 Yongfeng Village 9 Xixinan Village 8 Tunxi Xinjiang Village 10 Yixian Miaolin Village 15 District County Huansha Village 12 Guhuang Village 7 Liudu Village 13 Yuliang Village 11 Qimen Taoyuan Village 22 Jiekou Village 4 County Kengkou Village 11 Maihuayu Village 7 Zhukou Village 12 Shendu Village 8 Shexian Langsi Village 6 Changxi Village 7 County Yanpu Village 12 Zheng Village 8 Xiuning Huaqiao Village 16 Tangyue Village 7 County Tianli Village 8 Xu Village 11 Wanxin Village 8 Shitan Village 14
(3) With good tourism bases, many villages requires higher tourism standards, base on which, old roads, and a lack of tourism supporting facilities and imperfect cultural and environmental resources need solving. Villagers have high expectation on the project construction to improve the status quo so as to improve the tourism competitiveness.
(4) Villagers also hold positive attitudes towards industry building in some villages and hope it can promote rural productivity and economy.
(5) Some people concern about environmental problems and land requisition incurred from project construction and hope take precautions and protective measures during construction to prevent environmental disruption; as for land requisition, they hope it be carried out in accordance with the country’s regulation. Most participants hold positive opinion towards the project and urgently hope it be carried out as soon as possible.
14.3.3 Result Analysis on Questionnaire to Residents
14.3.3.1 Questionnaire Statistic Result
During this survey, there are 403 questionnaires sent to the residents of the project village among which 402 have been received with an evacuation result of 99.8%. Owing to project villages are all in rural areas, the respondents are mainly farmers, aging mostly between 30-60 years old and with a relatively low literacy, for the majority of junior high school level. Basic information is shown in Table 14.3-2.
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Table 14.3-2 Basic Information of Respondents Type Gender Age Education Number of Non- Primary Middle Non- Male Female <30 30~60 >60 College People selected school school selected Item Number of 402 317 85 12 337 43 10 33 333 34 2 People proportion(％) 100 78.9 21.1 3.0 83.8 10.7 2.5 8.2 82.8 8.5 0.5
Statistic result is shown in Table 14.3-3. Table 14.3-3 Questionnaire Statistics table Proportion of Answer（%） S/N Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What is the special industry of the village? (more options are available) 1 1.no special industry 2.eco-tourism 9.0 54.9 31.3 20.4 15.7 7.5 3.tea garden 4.Vegetable base 5.seeding orchard base 6.others How about the current situation of 2 cultural resource conservation? 25.4 67.7 7.0 1.good 2.so so 3.bad What’s the source of the drinking water? 3 1.underground water 2.river water 25.4 43.5 4.2 26.9 3.reservoir water 4.centralized water supply in cities and towns How about the quality of drinking 4 water? 41.3 47.3 9.7 1.7 1.good 2.so so 3.bad 4.worse How about the village road and 5 traffic? 21.4 58.2 20.4 1.good 2.so so 3.bad What’s the suggestion on your village concerning the water supply engineering? 6 1. get underground water by drilling 4.5 45.3 50.2 2. get from river or reservoir 3. centralized water supply in cities and towns How about the current sanitary condition of sewage discharge and 7 11.9 48.0 30.1 10.0 waste collection and transportation? 1.good 2.so so 3.bad 4.worse What’s the possible influence on environment after the implementation of the project? (more options are available) 1.benefit economic development 2.protect cultural resource 8 3.convenient traffic 88.0 67.9 70.1 84.6 47.3 7.5 4.7 11.7 0.5 4.improve sanitary condition 5.improve water quality of rivers 6.farmland occupation 7.solid waste 8.water and soil loss 9.others
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Proportion of Answer（%） S/N Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What’s your attitude towards the project implementation? 9 99.8 0.2 0 1.favored 2.indifferent 3.disfavored (please name out reasons)
14.3.3.2 Questionnaire result analysis
According to the statistics and induction of the result, the suggestions and requirements among the public towards the status quo feedback and project construction are as follows:
(1) Status quo of cultural resource conservation
There are 67.7% respondent think the status quo is not bad, 25.4% think it’s good and 7% think it’s bad. Most of the project villages take tourism as their major industry, and cultural resource conservation will attract more tourism resources. Therefore, respondents are generally looking forward an improvement in cultural resource conservation.
(2) Status quo of water supply and drainage
The current waterheads are mainly river water among the project village, most of them are mountain springs, and some project villages adopt centralized water supply in cities and towns. As for the quality of drinking water, 47.3% respondent think it not bad, 41.3% think good, 9.7% bad and 1.7 worse respectively. Because of the ubiquitous instability in quality and quantity of river water and mountain spring, most respondents want the adoption of centralized water supply so as to guarantee the quality of drinking water.
There are 48.0% respondents holding that the current sanitary condition of water drainage and waste collection and transportation are not very well, while 30.1% hold it is bad, 10.0% hold it is worse, only 11.9% respondent think the current condition is good. Therefore, the respondents generally hope to improve the sanitary condition.
(3) Traffic condition
58.2% respondents think the traffic condition is not very well, and 20.4% think it is bad, and 21.4% think it is good. The respondents want an improvement in traffic condition through the construction of this project.
(4) Influence on environment of the project construction
The aim of this project is to improve living environment and enhance productivity of countryside through infrastructure construction, conservation and utilization of cultural resource, and development and capacity construction of special industry, thus there may be some influence on the environment. As for this case, 88.0% respondents believe the project will be
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beneficial to local economic development, 84.6% believe it will improve the sanitary condition, and there are 70.1%, 67.9% and 47.3% respondents believe that it will contribute to convenient traffic condition, improved cultural resource conservation and water quality respectively. However, there are also some people worried about the farmland occupation, production of solid waste and water and soil loss caused by the project.
(5) Attitude towards the implementation of the project
There are 99.8% respondents favor the project, want it to be implemented soon and without disapproval. And there are only 0.2% respondents indifferent to the project. Thus it can be seen that the project is favorable to the public.
(6) Other suggestions
The respondents generally want the project to be implemented soon so as to improve the sanitary condition, promoting eco-tourism and special industry. Meanwhile, they also look forward a sound management mechanism to guarantee the quality of the implementation as well as the final-period management, avoiding environment pollution during the process of project implementation.
14.4 Result induction and analysis of the second public consultation
14.4.1 Result analysis of the project village forum
This interviewing forum, based on the amount of project village and the type of the project in each county, and every county chose several project village holding forums to the public, chose 13 project villages organizing the forum. During the forum, the major conclusion of environment impact assessment and major environment protection measures are introduced to the participants and questions concerning the influence on environment of the project are answered. Besides, opinions and suggestions are welcomed concerning environment impact assessment of the project. Basic information is shown in Table 14.4-1. Table 14.4-1 Basic Information table of Public Forum County Project village Attendance County Project village Attendance Tunxi District Waibianxi Village 8 Qiankou Village, Huizhou Huangshan Guocun Village 8 Shuyuan Village, 13 District District Kunsha Village Longshan Village 8 Huaqiao Village 18 Mashan Village, Lunkeng Village, 20 Xiuning County Yanjiao Village 12 Lixi Village Qimen County Liudu Village 10 Huangcun Village 14 Taoyuan Village, Kengkou Village 25 Shexian County Zhengcun Village 8 Huanglong Village
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County Project village Attendance County Project village Attendance Guhuang Village, Yixian County 12 Xiong Village 7 Shenchong Village
Through these 13 forums communicating with town government, village committee and villager representatives, most villagers showed their support and once again expressed their hope for implementing the project soon. Concluded the opinions and suggestions concerning the village of the participants as follows:
(1) Most project villages are in no need of land acquisition; while ancient architectures and ancient dwellings in most project villages are in disrepair and thus needed to be protected, but the economic conditions among villagers are different, and most of them cannot bear the repair cost individually, therefore many of them want the government offering help and assistance to protect the special ancient architectures.
(2) Owing to young male adults all working outside, the female enjoy a high reputation and many of them are masters at home. Thus, it is hoped that more women could be involved in the project.
(3) Most villages have a sound environment for tourism, but there are some problems needed be solved including old and narrow roads in the village, inadequate tourism facilities as well as unimproved cultural environment resources. And they hoped the status quo could be improved through this project.
(4) Most villagers hold that the pollution caused by the project is almost none and impact on eco-environment is also relatively small. Moreover, the project will provide convenience to the sanitary and lighting conditions as well as the traffic, and villagers could therefore benefit. Meanwhile, some villagers think that the working process of the project under the loan of World Bank is much too complicated and they want the implementation of the project could be quickened.
(5) There are people who paid attention to the possible environmental problem and land-acquisition problem may cause in the process of the implementation of the project. They hope precaution and protection measures to be taken during the working process so as to avoid environmental disruption. As for the land-acquisition problem, they hope to solve it in accordance with state regulations. Most attendance showed their support for the project and expressed their eager for implementing the project soon.
14.4.2 Result analysis on questionnaire to residents
14.4.2.1 Questionnaire statistic result
During this survey, there are 152 questionnaires sent to the residents of the project village
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among which 152 have been received with an evacuation result of 100%. Owing to project villages are all in rural areas, the respondents are mainly farmers, aging mostly between 30-60 years old and with a relatively low literacy, for the majority of junior high or senior high school level. Basic information of the second survey is shown in Table 14.4-2.
Table 14.4-2 Basic Information table of Respondents Type Gender Age Education Number of Primary Middle Male Female <30 30~60 >60 Non-selected College Non-selected People school school Item Number of 152 98 54 5 116 31 0 25 112 10 5 People proportion(％) 100 64.5 35.5 3.3 76.3 20.4 0.0 16.4 73.7 6.6 3.3 Statistic result is shown in Table 14.4-3. Table 14.3-3 Questionnaire Statistics table Proportion of Answer（%） S/N Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 How much does the infrastructure project work concerning improving the infrastructure and sanitary 1 condition? 83.6 13.3 3.3 0 1.obviously improved 2.much more improved 3.modestly improved 4.unobviously improved What about the driven force of the protection and utilization of cultural 2 resource conservation project? 77.6 19.1 3.3 0 1.It works a lot 2.It works well 3.It works modestly 4.It works a little What about the driven force of industry development project? 3 1.It works a lot 2.It works well 3.It 77.6 16.4 5.9 0 works modestly 4.It works unobviously What’s the most useful construction? 1.new technology in agricultural 4 production 2.agricultual pest control 28.3 7.9 71.7 43.4 3.country tourism development 4.cultural resource conservation and inheritance What’s the possible influence on environment after the implementation of the project? (more options are available) 1.benefit economic development 5 2.protect cultural resource 82.9 71.1 73.7 81.6 52.6 3.9 5.3 3.3 0.7 3.convenient traffic 4.improve sanitary condition 5.improve water quality of rivers 6.farmland occupation 7.solid waste 8.water and soil loss 9.others
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Proportion of Answer（%） S/N Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What are the important environment protection measures ? (more options are available) 1.protect vegetation and ancient trees 2.no construction at night 3.set setting pond disposing sewage 6 77.6 19.1 28.9 11.8 52.0 86.8 0.7 4.water at construction site to settle dust 5.strengthen management in operation of sewage disposal facilities 6.centralized construction waste collection and pick-up 7.others What’s your attitude towards the project? 7 100 0 0 1.favored 2.indifferent 3.disfavored (please name out reasons)
14.4.2.2 Questionnaire result analysis
According to the statistics and reduction of the second questionnaire result, integrated feedback and requirements of people in project village are as follows:
(1) Aspect of infrastructure condition and environmental health situation
83.6% of respondents in the project village hold that apparent improvement on their village’s infrastructure condition and environmental health situation will be made by this project, 13.3% of respondents regard it a rather big improvement, only 3.3% of them think it’s just acceptable, and none of them claim that there is no apparent improvement, which to some extent reflects villagers’ high expectation of this project.
(2) Aspect of the function on the protection and promotion of culture relics
77.6% of respondents think that this project will play a significant role in protecting culture relics in their village, 16.4% of respondents regard it a rather important role, and only 3.3% of them think it is just acceptable. Most people in project village hope to continue cultivating industries with tourism as the priority. Protection of culture relics can attract more tourism resources; therefore, respondents generally hope to improve the protection of culture relics.
(3) Aspect of the industrial development project’s function on the improvement of sustainable development capacity
77.6% of respondents hold that development project in their village would do a great deal for their sustainable development capacity, 16.4% of respondents regard it will do much, and only 5.9% of them think it will be just acceptable. During the interview, there are also some other respondents hoping this project construction to improve the sustainable development capacity of their village.
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(4) Aspect of capacity building
This project aims to improve the rural living condition and productivity through four aspects, the rural infrastructure construction, the protection and utilization of culture relics, the development of characteristic industry and the capacity building. Therefore, this project will have a certain degree of impact on each project village. As to the most valuable content of this project, 71.7% of respondents regard it to promoting the development of rural tourism, while 43.4% of them think it is the protection and inheritance of cultural relics. Moreover, 28.3% and 5.9% of them think it will contribute to the promotion of new agricultural technology and the prevention and cure of agricultural pest respectively.
(5) Aspect of possible impact of project implementation
82.9% of respondents think this project construction will benefit economic development, 81.6% of respondents hold that it will improve environmental health condition, 73.7%, 71.7% and 52.6% of them think it will make travel more convenient, protect cultural resource and improve water quality in rivers respectively. Meanwhile, 5.3%, 3.9% and 3.3% of them think this project construction will generate solid waste, cultivated land occupation and water and soil erosion respectively. In addition, there is another respondent who may be considering some other points, but he offers no reason.
(6) Aspect of environmental protection measures of project implementation
86.8% of respondents consider that unified collection and clearance of construction waste shall be strengthened, 77.6% of respondents hold that it is very important for the project to protect vegetarian and ancient trees, 52.0%, 28.9% and 19.1% of them regard the most important measure to be taken for the project is to strengthen the operation and management of sewage disposal facilities, to dispose construction sewage in setting tank and to stop construction at night respectively; meanwhile, 11.8% of them think sprinkle at construction site is the most important. In addition, there is another respondent who may have other measures to be considered, but he offers none of them.
(7) Attitude towards implementing this project
All of the respondents agree on the implementation of this project, hoping its construction would be soon and its applying procedures would be relatively much simpler. Thus it can be seen that implementing this project meets the will of the majority masses.
(8) Other tips
Respondents generally once again showed their hopes that this project could implement as soon as possible so as to improve environmental health condition, to strengthen green construction
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and to drive the development of ecotourism and characteristic industry. Meanwhile, respondents also hope this project could build good management mechanism and competence system to ensure the quality and later-stage management of this project. In addition, a part of respondents expect that open tendering could be held during the project construction and more job opportunities could be offered for residents in project villages to increase their income.
14.5 Analysis and recommendations
Integrated with the results of two symposia and two sample surveys, brief analyses of people’s concerns are as follows, and based on which there are some pieces of suggestion offered for the reference of related departments.
14.5.1 Problem of land acquisition
Land acquisition affecting the vital interests of the people along the way, government and relevant department shall be realistic and practical to complete this task fully and carefully to safeguard people’s fundamental interests, to try to keep project construction from making too great impact on the public and to main the public’s existing living standard from lowering.
As to the impact of project construction, it can be reduced through engineering measures like optimizing the design and choosing proper construction land, etc. to decrease the amount of land acquisition and to reduce the direct impact on the public as much as possible. And for this work, relevant department shall pay due attention on. Relevant department is recommended to develop reasonable compensation measures specifically on the basis of real situation and investigation so as to maintain the residents’ living standard from lowering than before. Considering the fact that it is very hard for the part of poor-educated and age-old peasants to find other job after losing their cultivated land and original life-support, allocation is recommended to ensure this part of peasants to own cultivated land again; as for other cultivated land acquisitioned peasants, it is advisable to help them get into factory or service sector to be reemployed soon through measures such as job training and appropriate allowance, etc. During implementing the project, if technical condition permits, project villagers shall be given priority to join the project construction as so to improve their economic gains.
14.5.2 Problem of environmental impact
This project construction will make a certain negative impact on environment, some of which can be avoided through particular measures, and some of which cannot be avoid but be mitigated in some way. We think work of the following aspects shall be done with priority to eliminate or mitigate the impact on environment.
(1) In the course of river regulation, there will be a lot of dinas or silt in a few rivers, if
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mishandled, it will generate extremely bad environmental effect. Most villages can recycle it for revetment and road construction, while a very few villages cannot. It is hoped that proper disposal measures like landfill will be taken to prevent from polluting the environment.
(2) During the construction of road, parking lot and so on, it is unavoidable to produce sewage noise following dust and tail gas pollution, making impact on surroundings. As to produced sewage, it shall be discharged reaching the required standard with proper disposal measures; as to the impact of noise, sound-masking and compensation measures shall be taken at important sensitive points like settlements and schools; as to the flowing dust pollution of construction materials, the construction unit is hoped to take covering measures; as to the flowing dust and tail gas pollution of delivery vehicles, route in good condition with less influence shall be chosen so as to make as less impact on the public as possible.
(3) During bridge construction process, both bridge pier construction process and sprinkling of materials on the bridge will have impact on the river. It is recommended that during the construction process, construction team shall take protective measures like river fence, etc. to mitigate the impact of bridge construction on the river.
14.6 Summary of public consultation
The summary of all the public consultation activities this project has taken can be seen in Table 14.6-1.
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Table 14.6-1 List of public consultation Consultation How to evaluate opinions based on Time Place Objects of enquiry materials Main opinions/recommendations protection plan/design offered 2012.9.12 Conference room Symposium: Table of project (1) Huangshan municipality locates in Xin’an (1) Location of this project’s sewage disposal of NDRC in managerial personnel contents basin, where national eco-compensation is facility avoided important water resource and Huangshan in administrative undergoing, so in the construction process its sewage discharging facility was designed Municipality departments, such as special importance shall be attached to water according to the standard issued by the EPA in environmental protection. Huangshan municipality. protection, water (2) In Shitan village, there are construction of (2) This project added an item of integrated conservancy, relic crop disease and pest measuring platform and control of agricultural pest, which contained a protection, forestry, project of biological pest killing lamp, where management plan for pests. etc in Huangshan can be a pilot for integrated control of (3) This project invited famous Anhui cultural Municipality, and agricultural pest. protection experts in China to join in staff in Project Office (3) Sine part of this project involves cultural formulating management plan for physical of all districts and relic’s protection units at all levels, special cultural resources. counties attention shall be paid at the procedures of (4) Projects in Yanjiao Village and Xiong relic’s protection and a management plan for Village conformed to overall planning with physical cultural resources shall be formulated, opinions gained from administrative too. departments in scenic spots. (4) With Yuehua District of Yanjiao Village located in Qiyunshan Scenic Spot, and Xiong Village laid in Huashan Mysterious Grottoes, Jianjiang scenic spot, this project shall comply with the overall planning of these scenic spots and seek advice from the administrative committees of the two scenic spots. 2012.9.20- Xinjiang Village, Symposium: Outline of (1) Villagers are eager for this project (1) This project has fully accepted villagers’ 9.27 Qiankou Village, representatives of environmental construction to complete drainage system, to opinions, so projects of water supply and water Lingshan Village, affected people by –impact solve drinking water problem, and to improve drainage have been set up. Fuxi Village, this project, directors assessment the environment through discharging disposed (2) The design of road and bridge project has Xixinan Village, of village committees, sewage. fully accepted villagers’ opinions and Guo Village, staff members of (2) Part of villagers are eager for this project Shibichen Bridge in Shuxi Village is to be Shuxi Village, township-government construction to improve their rural rebuilt at its original site. Rao Village, and so on transportation, for example, the existing (3) This project has made a preliminary plan Yongfeng Village, Shibichen bridge in Shuxi village, it is for the tourism development orientation of Yuliang Village, immersed in wet season blocking the external each village, targeted tourism facility and
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Consultation How to evaluate opinions based on Time Place Objects of enquiry materials Main opinions/recommendations protection plan/design offered Jiekou Village, traffic and villagers can only deliver their environment improvement projects to increase Maihuayu production and living materials by ferryboat, its tourism competitiveness. Village, Shendu so they hope that a new bridge can be (4) This project has increased an agricultural Village, Changxi constructed to change the traffic condition. characteristic industry item so as to raise rural Village, Zheng (3) With a good tourism foundation, many productivity and develop rural economy. Village, Tangyue villagers keep a high expectation on this (5) This project has formulated an Village, Xu project construction, hoping that this project environmental management plan to strengthen Village, Shitan implementation can improve tourism environment management in construction Village, Langsi environment, tourism facilities and tourism period and to mitigate the impact on Village, Yanpu competition. environment. It also has formulated a Village, Huaqiao (4) Part of villagers hope that the rural resettlement report to ensure that land Village, Tianli productivity and economy can be improved acquisition is to be carried out strictly in Village, Wanxin through industrial development and accordance with national regulations. Village, Miaolin construction. Village, Guhuang (5) There are masses that concern about the Village, Huansha environmental problem and land acquisition Village, Liudu possibly generated in project construction Village, Taoyuan process. They hope that prevention and Village, Kengkou protection measures can be well taken in Village and project implementation process in avoid of Zhukou Village damaging the environment and they also hope that land acquisition can be carried out according to national regulations. 2012.12.20 Waibianxi Symposium: Environmental (1) Part of ancient architectures and dwellings (1) Protection method taken for non-cultural -12.23 Village, Qiankou representatives of assessment in project villages are in a state of disrepair and preservation unit historical building with Village, Shuyuan affected people by report and need urgent protection, however with an private property is capital allowance, and Village, Kunsha this project, directors environmental uneven financial situation, most of the different ancient architecture protection found Village, Guo of village committees, management villagers cannot afford to repair, and many of for private property (non-cultural preservation Village, Longshan staff members of plan them still hope that government could offer unit) is set up in a unit of district and county. Village, Zheng township-government help and coordination so as to maintain these (2) This project increased the number of Village, Xiong and so on characteristic ancient buildings and so on. agritainment and the industrial item of Village, Huaqiao (2) As young adults of many project villages characteristic agriculture, allowing more Village, Yanjiao are all making a living outside, their wives women join in. Village, Huang play an important role at home and make (3) This project has made a preliminary plan Village, Guhuang decisions, so they hope that this project could for each village’s tourism development
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Consultation How to evaluate opinions based on Time Place Objects of enquiry materials Main opinions/recommendations protection plan/design offered Village, allow more women to participate in. orientation, and formulated targeted projects Shenchong (3) Most villages have good tourism for improving tourism infrastructure and Village, Mashan foundations, but they lack of broad and smooth environment so as to strengthen its Village, Lunkeng road, tourism supporting facilities, and competitiveness. Village, Lixi complete cultural environment resources, and (4) Project office of each level will strengthen Village, Liudu they hope that this project implementation its organization management to make sure that Village, Taoyuan could improve then all. the public can benefit from this project and will Village, Kengkou (4) Most villagers think that this project coordinate with consultation unit to actively Village and implementation will hardly pollute their promote this project and to get World Bank’s Huanglong environment and slightly affect the ecology, in approval as soon as possible. Village contrast, it will bring much convenience to (5) This project has formulated an rural health, lighting condition and travel environmental management plan to strengthen transportation, etc. and the public will benefit a environment management in construction lot. Meanwhile, there are a part of villagers period and to mitigate the impact on holding that this project implementation has a environment. It also has formulated a very complicated process, so it shall be resettlement report to ensure that land implement as soon as possible. acquisition is to be carried out strictly in (5) There are masses who concern about the accordance with national regulations. environmental problem and land acquisition possibly ingenerated during project construction, and they hope that prevention and protection measures shall be well taken in the construction process in avoid of environmental damage. As to land acquisition, they hope that it is carried out according to national regulations.
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15 Evaluation Results
15.1 Project overview
In order to improve rural infrastructures and the living conditions of rural residents; to preserve and protect the cultural resource; to support the key industrial development so as to increase the development of local economic development and the rural income, Huanghshan municipal government applies to the World Bank for loan to conduct the demonstration project of Huangshan new countryside construction in Anhui Province. The construction sites are located at sixty-eight villages, four counties and three districts in Huangshan City and Anhui Province, including three villages in Tunxi District, eight villages in Huizhou District, twelve villages in Huangshan District, twenty villages in Shexian County, seven villages in Xiuning County, six villages in Yixian County, twelve villages in Qimen County. The construction content includes: the construction of rural road transport, rural water supply and discharge project, small water conservancy facilities, tourism supporting facilities and other infrastructure projects; the cultural resource protection and utilization project; the special industrial construction project and capability construction project. The total project investment amount is estimated to be RMB917.66 million, the project period is of 5 years.
15.2 Environmental impact and benefit of this project
15.2.1 Main environmental impact of this project
(1) The permanent and temporary land occupation of this project will ruin the land vegetation, reducing the agricultural acreage.
(2) The construction of this project will disturb enormous original landform; there would be some difference between the excavation volume and the filling volume with regard to time and space; the bareness or waste of soil will cause water and soil loss easily.
(3) The impact of the discharge of the wasted washing water of the gravel materials and that of the mechanical equipments; if improper management is conducted in the construction sites the domestic sewage will be discharged into the rivers directly, thus polluting the surrounding waters.
(4) During the construction of small water conservancy facilities, the excavation of bottom mud and damming will cause regional water pollution and re-floating and diffusion of the bottom
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mud due to twisting and stirring.
(5) the flowing dust pollution caused by the unfinished excavation of the roadway, storage yard and pipelines at the construction sites and the trucks moving in and out of the site roads. The stink of the sludge of special river course may also pollute the surrounding atmospheric environment.
(6) The project involves a certain amount of the earthwork excavation and filling, requiring more construction machinery and transport vehicles; the construction will cause some disturbance to the acoustic environment in the project areas.
(7) The solid wastes in during the construction period mainly come from construction wastes, the household garbage of the constructors and the solid wastes of the river course cleaning project, which shall pollute the environment if not dealt with properly.
(8) Most villages of the project do not involve in nature reserves of different levels, but a road pavement project is within the scope of the nature reserves, and 3 other villages are within the scope of the scenic spots and wetland parks. All the construction of these villages conforms to the requirements of laws and regulations. Within the construction period some slight impact will be caused on the environment of the related nature reserves, wetland parks and scenic spots; the constructors and the construction activities will bring some influence to the animals and tourists inside the nature reserves, wetland parks and scenic spots. But since the construction scale is small, thus the influence is rather limited, which will be eliminated upon the completion of the construction.
15.2.2 Main environmental benefit of the project
(1) This project can improve the tourist environment and increase the attractiveness of the project villages, which can help to increase the rural residents’ income;
(2) The improvement of the gravel road and the damaged road can benefit the rural residents in reducing the flowing dust and improving the rural environment and air quality;
(3) after the implementation of the river course cleaning plan, since the bottom mud and the garbage in the river is cleaned up, the hydrodynamic condition is then changed, thus speeding up the exchange between energy flow and material flow in the rivers with the water volume in the river being increased and the water quality being improved; the implementation of the strengthening of the river bank dike and the comprehensive improvement of the bank protection are to the benefit of the stabilization of the river banks and the bank slopes, further reducing the risk of water and soil loss and improving the landscape environment along the river banks; the
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repair of the old irrigation canals, water pools and hilly ponds in bad condition can greatly decrease the leak rate of water resources thus improving the utilization rate of the irrigation water and actively increasing the development of agriculture.
(4) the water supply project solves the problems of rural water consumption, reduces the possibilities of local diseases caused by water problems, thus ensuring water safety; the wastewater treatment project improves the current status of rural sewage disposal, the environment of the villages and even the whole communities as well as the living environment for the residents;
(5) The protection and utilization of cultural resource can better protect the ancient buildings and its cultural value; the construction of special industries can directly increase family income, create local job opportunities and promote the development of rural economy; the capability construction can improve rural management level and promote the rural sustainable development.
(6) Through integrating scattered fields of farmers, and the intensification, standardized operation of the companies and rural cooperatives and other forms, the specialty agriculture and forestry industry develops the agricultural products to be organic, harmless, ecological, reduces the dependence of agricultural products on pesticide and the usage amount of chemical agents, thus protecting the environment as well as the quality of the agricultural products.
15.3 Main pollution prevention and measures for ecological protection
15.3.1 Measures for ecological protection
To enhance the education for ecological protection, to regulate construction rules and strictly control permanent and temporary land occupation for the project; after the completion of the construction, the temporarily-occupied land shall be cleaned up and administered and timely receive afforestation.
After the implementation of the strengthening of the river bank dike and the bank protection project, the afforestation of the dike and the slope shall first be taken into consideration, which shall be combined with cement concrete and stone masonry; the afforestation of the dike and that along the river banks shall together constitute ecological corridors.
Strictly implement the water and land preservation measures put forward in water and land preservation programme report, the project construction progress shall closely go with the arrangement and avoid constructing in rainy season as much as possible to shorten the period of water and land loss and decrease water and land loss.
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15.3.2 Control measures for water pollution
Water-involved tasks, such as the cleaning of river banks, the filling of water retaining dams, the repair of retaining walls and the construction of piers are suggested to be conducted during the drought period and shall try to shorten the construction time and reduce disturbance on the waters; the public toilets inside the villages are suggested to be used at the construction sites; if the existing public toilets are not available, then new toilets shall be established intensively at the construction sites; the cleaning places of the front desk of the blender and the concrete deliver pump and the transport vehicles shall install setting ponds; the wastewater shall not be discharged into rivers directly which shall be reused after re-precipitation or be used for watering and dust fall.
To enhance operation management, ensure wastewater handling facilities and the efficiency can meet the standards and requirements of the design and guarantee the long-term, stable and normal operation and the standardized discharge of the tail water after handling.
15.3.3 Control measures for air pollution
It is required to employ wind prevention and cover measures in the process of handling, use, transport, transshipment and temporary storage of bottom mud, earthwork, muck and construction waste so as to reduce the raise dust; employ cover measures for concentrating the lime and sand in the storage yard; often spray water for construction road and road of storage yard; it I better to clean the river course in dry season, especially in winter, so as to reduce the impact on residents around from stench; the mud-dumping area shall be over down wind direction 100m far away from population center where the ambient air is sensitive.
15.3.4 Control measures for noise pollution
Use low noise equipment as far as possible; reasonably arrange the construction time, in which the construction time of high noise equipment (such as excavator, agitator etc.) shall be arranged in the daytime, avoiding a construction at night; when there is a long time for high noise operation, set mobile sound barriers at noise sensitive area so as to reduce the impact from construction noise; when using the existing road to transport the construction materials, reasonably select the transport route and transport the materials at night as soon as possible.
For water treatment plant and sewage treatment, it is required to select the standard low noise product and employ shock pad or flexible joint for installation, so as to reduce the noise. Sound insulation treatment is required for equipment room, operation room, partition wall and doors and windows in the equipment room for purpose of reducing the impact on human body from noise. - 244 -
15.3.5 Control measures for solid waste pollution
Abandoned sand, building materials, steels, packing materials etc. shall be managed and recycled by the specially-assigned person, and the working face shall be cleaned timely; set closed transfer stations in the construction site for purpose of classification of storage of the construction waste and household garbage; the household garbage shall be collected for classification and uniformly cleared by the local environmental sanitation department.
The sludge quantity produced by sewage treatment facility in the project is small and it is hard to dehydrate effectively. It is recommended to use it in the agriculture, which can satisfy the demand for organic fertilizer in the country. Or transport the sludge to municipal sewage plant with fecal suction truck every certain time for treatment.
15.3.6 Protective measures for population health
Before leveling the construction site, clear and disinfect the activity place of construction personnel, original toilet, cesspit and herbage depot; health quarantine is required before construction personnel entering the site and spot check is required during the construction; enhance the supervision and management of dietetic hygiene, and the worker engaging in catering services must have a health certificate; safety education in advance for residents around is required, including the prevention and control of infectious disease (such as HIV/ADIS).
15.3.7 Protective measures for natural habitat
On basis of above pollution control measures and ecological protection measures, further requirements for natural habitat are as follows: before starting construction, the construction unit must get in touch with the natural habitat management department and coordinate the construction site, rigidly control the coverage scope during construction, reduce the impact on ambient soil and vegetation as far as possible; prohibit setting construction camp and construction materials stock dump within the natural protection area; all construction materials and construction camps in Shuxi Village of Huangshan District shall be over 200m far away than Taiping Lake Garden; enhance the management and monitoring during construction, list the item in the key construction observation, and meanwhile, the personnel of natural habitat management department shall supervise the construction.
15.4 Public participation
In order to fully understand the view on item impact and satisfaction degree on mitigation measures from the public, this project proposes to implement information disclosure and public participation work, in which the first stage starts in September 2012, and the methods include
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website publicity, posting placard in the villages, holding forums of management department and villagers, sampling survey of affected residents; the second stage starts in December 2012, and the methods include newspaper publicity, website publicity, publicity of first draft of environmental impact statement in county library, publicity of abridged edition of environmental impact statement in the village committee, holding a forum of villagers and sampling survey of affected residents.
All respondents agree with the construction of the project with a hope of early implementation and simple application procedure. Thus it can be seen that the construction of the project satisfies the aspiration of most people.
15.5 Environmental protection investment
The project is an environmental improvement project as a whole, but there is still some impact on environment during construction and operation. In order to eliminate or reduce the environmental impact, environmental protection investment is required. According to the proposed environmental protection measures, it is estimated that the direct environmental protection investment is RMB19.9966 million (including the water and soil conservation investment of RMB 10.7066 million). See Table 15.5-1 for details.
Table 15.5-1 Estimate for environmental protection investment Unit: RMB10,000 Serial No. Name of project cost Total Remarks 1 Part I: project cost Estimated on the basis of 1-1 Raise dust control during construction 68 RMB 10,000 per village Control for noise pollution during construction, Estimated on the basis of 1-2 68 mainly temporary sound insulation measures etc. RMB 10,000 per village Control for water pollution during construction, Estimated on the basis of 1-3 136 including grit chamber and temporary septic tank etc. RMB 20,000 per village Control for solid waste pollution during construction, Estimated on the basis of 1-4 including temporary stock dump of construction waste 102 RMB 15,000 per village and dustbin etc. 1-5 Reservation of wildlife conservation 30 Part II: preliminary work and environmental 2 management cost 2-1 Preparation of EIA report 74 2-2 Preparation of water and soil conservation report 40 2-3 Environmental monitoring during construction 65 See EMP 2-4 Personnel training cost 78 See EMP Implementation management of environmental Estimated on the basis of 2-5 50 management plan during construction RMB 100,000 per year 2-6 Environmental supervision cost 100 Estimated on the basis of - 246 -
Serial No. Name of project cost Total Remarks RMB 200,000 per year Physical cultural resources management during Estimated on the basis of 2-7 68 construction phase RMB 10,000 per village Preparation cost of environmental protection 2-8 50 acceptance report for project closeout 3 Part III: water and soil conservation cost Newly increased cost of water and soil conservation 3-1 861.8 measures Quoted from the report of 3-2 Water and soil conservation supervision cost 24 Water amd Soil 3-3 Water and soil conservation monitoring cost 30 Conservation Plan Compensation fee of facility for water and soil 3-4 154.86 conservation Total 1999.66
15.6 Conclusions
In conclusion, the demonstration project of Huangshan new countryside construction conforms to the development and planning of new village construction in our country and Huangshan Province, and also national industrial policies, which belongs to the encouraged projects. The implementation of this project will improve the infrastructure and environment condition in the project village, enhance the protection and utilization of cultural resource, promote the development of specialty industries and assure the sustainable development of rural income and villages. Therefore, the project receives good economic benefit and remarkable social and environmental efficiency. The report has made a comprehensive analysis on the influence of the construction period and operation period of the demonstration project of Huangshan new countryside construction on each environmental factor, and has put forward corresponding feasible measures for environmental pollution prevention, so as to reduce the impact of this project on the environment; the discharged pollutants shall be kept within the limited amount and its impact on the environment shall be confined in the acceptable scope. From the perspective of environment protection, the demonstration project of Huangshan new countryside construction in Anhui is feasible and is suggested to put each sub-project into practice during its implementation process.
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