E685 Vol. 4

World Bank Financed Project Anhui Expressway Project II Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Tongling-Tangkou Expressway Project Environment Assessment Report

(Third Edition) Public Disclosure Authorized

World Bank Financed Project Office of Anhui Provincial

Communications Dzpartment Public Disclosure Authorized

Dec. 2002 FILE COPY

Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

CONTENTS

Chapter I Introduction ...... I 1.1 Project Background ...... I 1.2 Progress of EA ...... 1 1.3 Purpose of EA ...... 2 1.4 Bases of Assessment ...... 2 1.5 Technical Process for EA ...... 3 1.6 Scope of Assessment ...... 5 1.7 Methodology ...... 5 1.8 Applicable Standards ...... 5 1.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 6 1.8.2 Environmental Noise Standards ...... 6 1.8.3 Surface Water Quality Standards ...... 6 Chapter 2 Environmental Assessment Team ...... 8 Chapter 3 Project Description ...... 10 3.1 Direct Project Benefit Area ...... 10 3.2 Geographical Location ...... 10 3.3 Project Alignment ...... 10 3.4 Project Scale ...... 11 3.5 Main Engineering Works ...... 11 3.6 Supporting Facilities ...... 14 3.7 Relationship of TTH and the Regional Road Network ...... 15 3.8 Construction Material ...... 15 3.9 Traffic Projection ...... 17 3.10 Cost Estimate and Funding Sources ...... 17 3.11 Construction Schedule ...... 17 Chapter 4 Environmental Baseline ...... 18 4.1 Overview of Natural Environment ...... 18 4.1 .1 Topography and Geomorphy ...... 18 4.1.2 Meteorological Conditions ...... 18 4.1.3 Hydrology ...... 18 4.2 Natural Reserve Zone and National Park along the Project ...... 19 4.3 Ecosystem ...... 22 4.3.1 Geological conditions along the proposed expressway ...... 22 4.3.2 Bio-diversity ...... 24 4.3.3 Tree Coverage Distribution ...... 25 4.3.4 WildAnimals ...... 31 4.3.5 Assessment of Land Use and Reserved Farmland...... 36 4.3.6 Summary of Ecosystem Baseline ...... 39 4.4 Acoustic Quality Assessment ...... 39 4.4.1 Survey of Sensitive Receptors within the Assessment Scope .39 4.4.2 Locations of monitoring points ...... 49

Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

4.4.3 Monitoring Method and Timing ...... 49 4.4.4 Monitoring Result ...... 49 4.4.5 Assessment for Acoustic Environment ...... 51 4.5 Water Environment ...... 52 4.5.1 Major Lakes and Rivers ...... 52 4.5.2 Drinking Water Intakes ...... 52 4.5.3 Current Waters Quality ...... 53 4.6 Ambient Air Quality ...... 55 4.6.1 Existing ambient air quality ...... 55 4.6.2 Assessment of Ambient Air Quality ...... 56 4.7 Social Environment Baseline ...... 57 4.7.1 Overview of directly impacted area ...... 57 4.7.2 Population Structure ...... 57 4.7.3 Primary Economic Indicators ...... 58 4.7.4 Quality of Living ...... 58 4.7.5 Infrastructure ...... 59 4.7.6 Natural Resources ...... 59 4.7.7 Tourist Resources in the Project Area ...... 60 4.7.8 Urban Planning along the Proposed Alignment ...... 62 4.7.9 Planning for "Two Mountains and One Lake"...... 63 4.7.10 Domestic Solid Waste Disposal ...... 63 4.7.11 Cultural Relics ...... 63 4.8 Current Status of Natural and Cultural Heritage ...... 65 4.8.1 Formation of landscape and objective for assessment ...... 65 4.8.2 Assessment of quality of the scenery ...... 65 4.8.3 Asscessment of the existing landscape along the project ...... 66 Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures . . . 69 5.1 Category and Extent of Environmental Impacts . .69 5.2 Ecosystem Impact Assessment .. 71 5.2.1 Regional natural ecosystem and trend in bio-diversity .71 5.2.2 Impact to Natural Plant Colonies and Protected Plants .75 5.2.3 Wildlife (Wild Animals) .78 5.2.4 Impact on nature reserve and scenic site .83 5.2.5 Impact on Land Use and Reserved Farmland .84 5.2.6 Consultation with Bio-diversity Specialists .86 5.2.7 Conclusion of impact on ecology .88 5.2.8 Mitigation Measures .89 5.3 Noise Impact ...... 94 5.3.1 Noise Impact during Construction Phase ...... 94 5.3.2 Traffic Noise during Operation Phase ...... 95 5.3.3 Noise projection and assessment for sensitive receptors ...... 1 01 5.3.4 Mitigation Measure against Noise Impact ...... 108 5.4 Impact Assessment of Water Environment and Mitigation Measures ...... 115 5.4.1 Pollution Sources for Surface Waters ...... 1I15

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Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

5.4.2 Analysis of impact on water environment ...... 116 5.4.3 Mitigation measures ...... 122 5.5 Air Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 124 5.5.1 Construction phase ...... 124 5.5.2 Operation phase ...... 126 5.5.3 Global Climate Issues ...... 131 5.5.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 132 5.6 Socio-economic Impacts and Mitigation ...... 133 5.6.1 Impacts to Scenic Sites .133 5.6.2 Land occupation .142 5.6.3 Induced Impacts .143 5.6.4 Community severance .145 5.6.5 Impact of Construction .146 5.6.6 Impact on the Planning of "Two Mountains and One Lake .146 5.6.7 Impact on Human Health .147 5.6.8 Impacts to Cultural Relics .148 5.6.9 Mitigation Measures .149 5.7 Soil Erosion and Mitigation .155 5.7.1 Soil Erosion Impact ...... 155 5.7.2 Soil Conservation Measures in Early Construction Phase ...... 156 5.7.3 Restoration of borrow pits and disposal sites ...... 156 5.8 Assessment of Impact on Landscape and Mitigation Measures ...... 157 5.8.1 Key impacting sections ...... 1 58 5.8.2 Impact on landscape in construction phase ...... 161 5.8.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 161 5.9 Resettlement and Relocation ...... 163 5.9.1 Scope and Quantity of Resettlement .163 5.9.2 Laws, Policies, Compensation Standards for Resettlement .168 5.9.3 Resettlement Institutions and Resettlement Locations .174 5.9.4 Impacts of the Resettlement .176 5.9.5 Costs and Budgets...... 177 5.10 SafeguardsAssurance and Compliance . . .178 Chapter 6 Analysis ofAltemative . . .181 6.1 Identification of Corridor Alternatives ...... 181 6.1.1 Description of Alternatives ...... 182 6.1.2 Environmental Comparison ...... 183 6.1.3 Social Environment ...... 187 6.1.4 Comparison Result ...... 190 6.2 Analysis of Sub-alternatives ...... 190 6.2.1 Section B (Shuiqiao Lake Section) ...... 1 91 6.2.2 Section C (Hamaling Mountain Section) ...... 194 6.2.3 Section D (Lingyang Section) ...... 196 6.2.4 Section E (Gangtang Section) ...... 201 6.2.5 Section F ...... 204

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Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

6.2.6 Comparison between this Project and "S103" Upgrading Project ...... 206 6.2.7 With and Without Project Analysis ...... 207 6.3 Conclusions of Analysis of Alternatives ...... 208 Chapter 7 Environmental Management Plan ...... 209 7.1 Anhui Highway I ...... 209 7.2 Organization of Environmental Management ...... 210 7.3 Mitigation Plan ...... 212 7.4 Environmental Supervision Plan ...... 218 7.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 218 7.5.1 Objectives .218 7.5.2 Responsible Institutions .219 7.5.3 Monitoring Program .219 7.5.4 Monitoring Reports .221 7.5.5 Estimated Monitoring Cost .221 7.6 Personnel Training . . .222 7.7 Cost Estimate for Environmental Protection . . .223 7.7.1 Investment for Environment Engineering .223 7.7.2 Annual Operation Cost for Environmental Equipment .224 Chapter 8 Public Participation . . .225 8.1 Methodology ...... 225 8.1.1 Timing ...... 225 8.1.2 Stakeholders ...... 225 8.1.3 Approach ...... 226 8.2 Summary and Analysis of Findings from Public Participation ... 226 8.2.1 Summary of findings from public meetings ...... 226 8.2.2 Summary of Questionnaire Survey ...... 227 8.2.3 Summary of site visit ...... 233 8.2.4 Summary of Consultation with Government Agencies ...... 234 8.3 Conclusion of Public Participation ...... 234 8.4 Response to Public Opinions ...... 234 8.4.1 Responses to opinions arising from the public meetings and questionnaire. 234 8.4.2 Response to concerns from personal interview ...... 235 8.5 Record of public participation ...... 236 8.6 Information Disclosure ...... 237 Chapter 9 Conclusions ...... 239 9.1 Alignment Selection ...... 239 9.2 Environmental Baseline ...... 239 9.3 Environmental Impacts ...... 240 9.3.1 Construction Phase Impacts and Mitigation ...... 240 9.3.2 Operation Phase Impacts and Mitigation ...... 241 9.3.3 Public Consultation ...... 242 9.3.4 Environmental Management ...... 243 9.4 General Conclusions ...... 243

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Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The proposed Tongling-Tangkou Highway Project (the TTH or the Project) is located in the Wannan (south Anhui) mountainous and economically disadvantaged region in Anhui Province, P. R. China. The TTH is a section of the Hefei-Tongling-Huangshan expressway which, in turn, is a key element of the national trunk highway, the Tianjin to Shantou expressway. The TTH is designed to form a key south-north road transportation corridor in the Anhui Provincial highway network, as well as a critical road connecting provincial capital Hefei with the significant tourism sites of "Two Mountains and One Lake" (Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhuashan Mountain and Taiping Lake). The construction and operation of the TTH is expected to greatly improve the transportation network, accelerate the economic development in the poverty region and promote the tourism of Anhui Province.

The proposed project will start from the end of Lutong expressway, through Tongling City (Tongling County), Chizhou City (Qingyang County, Shitai County) and Huangshan City (Huangshan District) and ends at Shancha village near Huangshan mountain where it connects with state highway G205. The total length of the recommended route the project is 116.146 km.

Development of the project started at the end of 1990's. In November 2001, Anhui Provincial Road Exploration and'Design Institute prepared the Pre-feasibility Study Report and in December 2001 completed the Feasibility Study Report. The preliminary was completed in August 2002. The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this project is based primarily on the preliminary design documents.

1.2 Progress of EA In December 2001, Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI) was engaged by the World Bank Financed Project Office, Anhui Provincial Communications Department (APCD) to undertake Environmental Assessment (EA) for the TTH. An EA team was formed in December of the same year, which then conducted four site visits for investigation along the proposed project alignment, including environmental baseline, protective targets or sensitive receptors, forest diseases control, and collection of other relevant data. During these visits, the EA team also interviewed provincial and local environmental, hydrology, forest, public health, national land and resources, tourist and other relevant government agencies.

In April 2002, the draft terms of reference (TOR) for the EA was reviewed by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and a World Bank project identification mission which provided its comments on the TOR in its first Aide Memoir.

The EA team conducted the another round of field investigation based upon the comments on TOR and the Aide Memoir of the World Bank mission. The first draft EA report was prepared in August 2002 following the extensive field investigation and monitoring, information analysis, impact modeling, public consultation and release of project information to the affected public.

In September 2002, a World Bank mission conducted the project pre-appraisal which included a review of the draft EA report. Additional comments were provided, which together with the comments received from the earlier mission as well as from the SEPA on the TOR, have been incorporated into the second version of the EA report. The new version includes a section dedicated to the requirement/comments raised in the first Aide Memoir for environmental aesthetic impact analysis, a summary on resettlement and relocation, and revised and enhanced assessment on impacts of the induced tourists on the Huangshan mountain.

SSSRI ensures that the Chinese version and English version of the EA documents are basically consistent, I Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA except the analysis on economic loss and benefit which is not required by OP4.01. Minor discrepancies in the two versions may exist due mainly to different expressions in the two languages during translation but there is no difference of substance in the two reports.

1.3 Purpose of EA

The EA predicts various environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Project, and analyzes the impacts quantitatively where possible or qualitatively through the investigation or monitoring of the physical, biological, socio-economic environment, and through public consultation along the project area. More specifically, the purposes of the EA are:

• To improve the decision-making process by introducing environmental criteria and assessment to design engineers and decision makers and to ensure the Project is environmentally sound and sustainable; o To ensure adverse environmental impacts be identified and evaluated in the earlier stage of the Project so as to develop appropriate measures including alternative alignments and designs to avoid, mitigate, reduce or otherwise minimize the adverse impacts to acceptable levels; o To develop measures of compensation for the impacts which could not be avoided or mitigated; and; o To provide a basis for Project executing agency and relevant government agencies to develop and implement plans for environmental management and monitoring.

1.4 Bases of Assessment World Bank Requiremnents

The World Bank requirements include primarily the Bank's ten safeguards policies, involving Operational Policies (OP), Best Procedure (BP), Good Practice (GP) and Operational Directives (OD). These safeguard policies are: o Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); o Forestry (OP/GP4.36); o Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04); o Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37); o Pest Management (OP4.09); o Involuntary Resettlement (0D4.30); o Indigenous People (OP4.12); o Cultural Property (OPNI 1.03 and soon to be OP4. 11); o Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP7.60); and o Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP7.50).

Among these safeguards policies, Environmental Assessment is the primary requirements and thus the focus of this report. In addition, other Policies such as Natural Habitats (OP4.04), Indigenous People (OP4.120), Forest (OP4.36), Cultural Property (OP4.1 1) and Pest Management (OP4.09) are also applied in the EA first for screening and then full assessment if triggered.

Policies on Involuntary Resettlement are the subject of a separate assessment by another team but the key findings are included in this report as well.

Since there are no project components that involve international waterways, dam construction or disputed areas as defined under OP7.60, Bank's safeguard policies related to these subjects are not applied in the EA.

National laws and regullations on environment and EliA o Environmental Protection Law of PRC of December 26, 1989; o Land Management Law of PRC of August 29, 1998; 2 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

* Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC of June 29, 1991; Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of May 15, 1996; * Noise Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 29, 1996; * Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of April 29, 2000; * Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 30, 1995; * Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of PRC; * Measures Conceming with the Environmental Protection and Management for Transportation Construction Projects, issued by MOC; * Directories of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects (No.9, [1999]), issued by SEPA; * The Technical Rules for Environmental ImpactAssessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93,HJ/T2.4-1995,HJ/TI9- 1997); issued by SEPA; * Specifications for Environment Impact Assessment of Expressway, issued by MOC; * Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China; Forest Law of P.R.China * Wild Animal Protection Law of P. R.China * Wild Animal Protection Regulations of P.R.China * Temporary Regulations for Landscape Sites

Local Law and regulations

* Environment Management Method for Construction Project in Anhui Province: * Environment Protection Regulations for Drinking Water resource in Anhui Province, July 2001 * Management Regulations for Huangshan Mountains Landscape Site

Technical Document

* Technical Guideline for EA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997); * General Specifications for Integrated Management of Soil Erosion(GB/T15772-1995) and Technical Specifications for Integrated Management of Soil Erosion (GB/T16453.1-6-1996); Technical Specifications for EA of Road Project(pilot), Ministry of Communications, July 8, 1996; * Master Plan for Development of Tourism in the "Two Mountains and One Lake" in Anhui Province, May 2002; Master Plan for Tourism Development in Anhui Province; Preliminary Design for Tongling-Tangkou Expressway Project, August 2002; * Entrustment Letter for EA Work for Tongling-Tangkou Expressway Project, November 29, 2001; * Tool Kit for Assessment of Bio-diversity and Environment.

Relevant International Environmental Agreements in which China is a signing party)

* UN Framework Confer on Climate Change; * Biologic diversity Agreement, signed on December 29, 1993; * Vienna Agreement on Ozonosphere Protection, signed on December 30, 1989; and * Amended Montreal Protocol on Ozonosphere Material Depletion, signed on August 20, 1992. * Convention for Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, UNESCO, 1972.11.6 * Resolution for Protection of Trueness of World Heritage, 1994; * Advice for Protection of Features of Landscape and Site, UNESCO, 1962.

1.5 Technical Process for EA The EA process for this project Refer to Box 1-1.

3 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

SEPA, Environmental Roica Departmrent of MOC rnnrsaw I

Entrus + EA Team T InSubmittingn

xm|Study Regulation rclating to projcct, on sitc investigation l

° Submitting

Prepare EA TOR

a ApproveiTORr|

Baeline data investigation Baseline monitoring for acoustics, air, Engineering aboutbiological,socio-economic, water quality technical data and physical en)vironment I

Existing environmental condition assessment

Environmental impact assessment

Public consultation Environental mitigation

\ / ] ~~~~~~~measuresplanning|

Environmental Comprehensive analysisL management planning 2 ost-Benefit analysis

|Analysis of Alternative |opileo EIA report | Submitting

EMP and EA Summary Examination Submittin

Box 1-l The EA Process

4 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

1.6 Scope of Assessment Based on the practical experience of environmental assessment of highway construction both in China and aboard, relevant EA regulations and guidelines, and considerations of the existing situation of the proposed Project, the scope of EA of the Project is determined (Table 1-6-1). This scope has been included in the EA TOR which as indicated before has been approved by SEPA.

Table 1-6-1 Scopes of Environmental Assessment Items Scope of Assessment Socio-economic/cultural 200 m on both sides of the alignment as well as Project directly affected areas environment Ecological environment Ecological integrity: the whole Wannan region; Land use and agricultural ecology: I km on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway, Natural vegetation and wild life: I km on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway; Acoustic environment 200 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway, extend as appropriate to important areas (such as sensitive spots influenced by temporary access roads) Ambient air environment 200 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway and the areas surrounding interchanges. Water environment 500 m upper strean and 1000 m downstream from river crossing locations, and water bodies within 200 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway. Cultural property 100 m on both sides of the alignment Visual Impacts and 200 m on both sides of the expressway, extended to entire directly affected areas environmental aesthetics for important visual sites.

1.7 Methodology Expressway construction projects are linear development. On-site investigation shows that the environmental conditions of most road sections along the proposed route are similar, except for a few areas where the receiving environment is sensitive. Therefore, the EIA method adopted is to focus on sensitive receptors and representative areas to determine the impacts of the entire project area.

Noise level, air quality, water quality and soil erosion are predicted and assessed by the means of modeling and analogous analysis, whereas socio-economic environment and visual/scenery impacts assessment is conducted primarily through site investigation and analysis. Ecological environment and bio-diversity assessment are based primarily on field investigation, remote sensing mapping and eco-dynamics analysis. Sub-consultants from the nation's most specialized firms on bio-diversity, scenery and cultural properties were retained to conduct the assessments on these subjects.

1.8 Applicable Standards

According to an official letter on environmental assessment standards for the proposed project issued by the Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and relevant World Bank

5 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

policies and requirements, the EA standards applied in this EA are as follows.

1.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards

The ambient air quality is evaluated against Class II in the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), except for the landscape/scenery sites which Class I is applied (listed in Table 1-8-1). According to the Standards, the classification is applied to residential, commercial, mixed zones and general industrial and rural areas. Emissions of air pollutants are evaluated with Class II standard in IntegratedEmission Standard ofAir Pollutants (GB6297-1996).

Table 1-8-1 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) unit: mNg/Nm 3 Item I Concentration (mg/m3 ) Class I Class II Class III NO2 (Daily average/Hourly average) 0 08/0.12 0 12/0.24 0.12/0 24 TSP(daily average) 0.12 0.30 0.50

1.8.2 Envirounmental Noise Standards

For villages, Class IV of Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) are applied. For sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals, the more stringent standards, Class II, in GB3096-93. are applied (Table 1-8-2)

Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) are applied in the assessment for construction phase noise impacts (Table 1-8-3).

Table 1-8-2 Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) unit: dB Classification Daytime Nighttime Applicable zone 0 50 40 Special residential zone l 55 45 Residential, culture & education zone 2 60 50 Mixed residential, commercial, industrial zone 3 65 55 Built-up industrial zone 4 70 55 Both sides of trunk roads

Table 1-8-3 Noise Limt for Construction Site Boundary Unit: dB Construction stage Major source of noise Noise limit Daytime Night time Earth & stone work Bulldozer, excavator, loader, etc 75 55 Piling Pile driver, etc. 85 Forbidden Structuring Concrete mixer, etc 70 55 Finishing Crane, elevator 65 55

1.8.3 Surface Water Quality Standards The surface water quality is evaluated by Class II of Environmental Quality StandardforSurface Water (GB3838-2002) for Yangxi River, Poxi River and Machuan River, and by Class II for Taiping Lake, Qixing River and Lingyang River (Table 1-8-4). The Water Quality Standardfor Fishery (GB 11607-89) is applied for Shuiqiao lake (Table 1-8-5); Wastewater discharge in service zones, parking lots and maintenance areas is evaluated by Class I in Integrated Wastewater

6 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) but suspended solids (SS) is evaluated by Class I of Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-92) (Table 1-8-6 and Table 1-8-7).

Table 1-8-4 Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) (Unit: mg/I) Class Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3 838-2002) Item I II III IV V CODcr• 15 15 20 30 40 Permanganate index, 2 4 6 10 15 Oil- 0.05 0 05 0.05 0 5 1 0 SS 10 10 100 150 - NH3-N• 0.15 05 1 0 1.5 20 Note: SS is assessed by Marine Water Quality Standard (GB3097-1997)

Table 1-8-5 Water Quality Standard for Fishery (GB11607-89) No. Item Limit I SS The increamental value by humand activity will not more than 10, the deposits will not cause harmful effect on fish, shrimp and shellfish. 2 BOD5 •5, in frozxen period is less than 3 3 Oil •0.05

Table 1-8-6 Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard GB8978-1996) (unit: mg/I) Pollutant Class I Class |1 Class III CODcr 100 150 500 BOD5 20 30 300 Oil 5 10 30 NH3-N 15 25 _ SS 70 150 400

Table 1-8-7 Water Quality Standard for Irrigation (GB5084-92) Pollutant Crops classification Paddy Field Dry farming Vegetable BODs • 80 150 80 CODcr < 200 300 150 SS • 150 200 100 oil • 5.0 10 10 pH < 55-85

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Clhapter 2 Envfronme ntal Assessment TIeam

The EA team consists primarily of Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI) which is a leading design and engineering institute in China. SSSRI is supported by SEPA's Nanjing Environmental Institute to cover the bio-diversity aspects of the EA, by the Anhui Highway Exploration and Design Institute for engineering and design information and mitigation measures design, and by DLEX Enterprises of Canada which is an environmental consulting firm active in China to provide guidance and assistance in overall EA requirements and English translation.

SSSRI

Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute of Ministry of Communication (SSSRI) is the prime consultant in this Project and the leading institute of the EA team. The institute was founded in 1963, reporting directly to MOC. SSSRI holds first class certificate for environmental impact assessment issued by SEPA and one of the leading institutes in the country for conducting environmental assessment for complex infrastructure projects, particularly highway and transportation related projects. SSSRI has engineers and researchers for rural sociology, human geography, biological engineering, environmental engineering, traffic engineering, and so on.

The institute has undertaken about 70 EAs for high-class roads and individual bridge and tunnel construction projects in the recent years. Among them, two were partially financed by the World Bank in Hubei and Guangdong Provinces, respectively. Through these EAs, SSSRI has gained extensive experience with undertaking EA highway projects as well as EA for World Bank financed projects.

lTable 2-1 Membeir of SSSRI EA Team Name Title Certificate Major experience Task in the EA No. Xu Bihua Associate 12280 Environmental Team leader, research fellow engineering, Management Report compilation Master degree Economics Chen Associate 06107 Environmental Preparation of TOR Zengming research fellow monitoring, EA Chen Assistant 13136 Ecology Ecology sections Xinglong research fellow, Master degree Chen Ying Assistant 12282 Environmental Acoustic sections research fellow, engineering Master degree Wu Assistant 12281 Environmental Water and air sections Lingyao research fellow engineering Xuan Yan Intern research 13617 Sociology Public consultation and fellow social assessment sections Zheng Assistant 13616 ATUO CAD Maps and figures Man research fellow preparation

8 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Nanjing Environmental Institute

Nanjing Environmental Institute is a SEPA's subsidiary institute with a focus on natural ecology, bio-diversity, and rural ecosystems. The Nanjing Institute is also a SEPA's designated technical authority in the country for bio-diversity and ecology research. Over the recent years, it has prepared the research report on bio-diversity status in China, management of bio-diversity database and capacity building of information network, the progress report for implementation of Convention of Bio-diversity and establishment of framework for biology security for the country. This institute has been engaged as a sub-consultant for preparation of the ecology and bio-diversity sections of the EA report.

The sub-consulting team will be led by Ms. Liu Lujun who has been undertaking the EA and bio-diversity assessment and research for many years and successfully organized several EAs and research subjects. Over the recent years, she has prepared the benchmark study for wildlife protection for the National Report of Bio-diversity of China, Study for Indicator System of Bio-diversity Protection, EA Methods Study for Agricultural Development Projects, Impact Analysis of Jinshajiang River Project-phase one: Status Study on Natural Reserve Zone and Alternative Options and Management, and Study for Sustainable Development of Wetland Ecological Economy.

Table 2-2 Nanjing Environmental Institute EA Members Name Title Major experience Task in EA Liu Lujun Associate research Bio-diversity and ecosystem Sub-consultant team leader, fellow protection TOR praparation, report senior review Zhang Jinchi Professor Forest ecology (plant) plant and forest system Zhang Associate professor Forest ecology (animal) vertebrate Yinlong Xu Hui Ph.D Natural geography and Loss and benefit analysis for ecological economy ecological economy Chen Assistant research Agricultural ecological impact, mitigation Liangyan fellow, master Environmental ecology measures and EMP Liangyan___ degree measures_and_EMP

Anhui Highway Exploration and Design Institute

This institute is the prime planning and design engineers for the TTH. SSSRI has worked closely with the institute in information exchange, proposal and analysis of alternatives, field investigation, public consultation and mitigation measures planning and design

Contact Address: No. 600, Minsheng road, New Pudong District, Shanghai, China Tel: 0086-21-58519207, 58856638-2731 Fax: 0086-21-58211402 E-MAIL: hjpjb @shl63.net

9 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Chapter 3 Project Description

The Project described in this Chapter is the Highway to be built on the preferred aligmnent, following initial identification and detailed analysis of several altemative and sub-altemative alignments. The final TTH route, described below, has been selected based on the overall considerations for the least environmental impacts, lowest capital costs and engineering considerations.

3.11 Direct Project Benefit Ares

The proposed project will cross Tongling City, Chizhou City and Huangshan City in south Anhui province. The areas directly benefited from and impacted by the TTH include Tongling Couinty of Tongling City, Qingyang and Shitai Counties of Chizhou City, and Huangshan District of Huangshan City.

3.2 Geographical Location

The proposed Tongling to Tangkou Highway (TTH) is located in south Anhui province of southeast of the People's Republic of China. The province, located between east longitude 114054 'to 119039 and north latitude 29°23 to 34°39', spans across both the Yangtzi (Changjiang) River basin and Hui River basin and is bordered by Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces to the east, Jiangxi Province to the south, Hubei and Henan provinces to the west, and Shandong province to the north, as shown in Figure 3-1.

The proposed TTH is within the Wannan (south Anhui) region of Anhui Province. The project is bordered within an area of east longitude 117046 -118°17- and north latitude 30°52 -30005'. Starting from the end of Lutong expressway, the TTH extends south and southeast bound through Tongling County of Tongling City, Qingyang County and Shitai County of Chizhou City, Huangshan District of Huangshan City and ends at the Shancha Village of Tangkou Town of Huangshan District (Figure 3-1).

3.3 Project ARignnnmeint

From the beginning at the south end of Lujiang to Tongling highway, the TTH goes along the west side of provincial highway S103 along Hamaling and then crosses Qixing river before intersecting with the planned Yanjiang (river side) highway. After crossing Qingshiling mountain from the east of Qingyang county, the alignment will cross S103 at Dongbao and then extend south bound along the west side of S 103 through Taling and Yangmei Villages and crossing the Taiping Lake at about 170 m south of the existing bridge. After Taiping lake, the TTH alignment turns towards southeast through Zitong, Caihong bridge, Gantang town, Hekeng, Tanjiaqiao, Maotaling towns and finally reaches its end at Shancha along Machuanhe River (Figure 3-2). The total length of the project is 116.146 km.

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3.4 Project Scale

The proposed expressway is a fully fenced 4-lane, two-way expressway. The quantity of the works is shown in Table 3-4-1 and the major technical specifications are presented in Table 3-4-2.

Table 3-4-1 Quantities of the Works for HHT Item Unit Quantity Length km 116 146 Terrain Plain with low hills and mountain terrain with high hills Grade Expressway Design speed km/hr Plain with slight hills-100; Mountain terrain with high hills-80 9365.56 (paddy field, 3697.9 mu; woodland, 4052.14 mu; L.and occupation mu building land:444.46 mu; and others, 428.12 mu) Width of roadbed m Plain with low hills, 26; Mountain terrain with high hills, 24 5 3 X o Earth work m 4,717,133 Rock work mi3 6,774,195 Asphalt road km 88.397 Extra-large bridge m/set 8610/13 Large bridge m/set 6781/48

.0 Medium bridge m/set 355/5 c Small bridge m/set 877/33 oo Pathway m/set 709/34 _____ Culvert set 283 Tunnel m/set 7509/9 c Interchange set 6 Grade separation set 16 Underpass set 92 Vehicle pass set 47 Over-pass set 11 Service zone set 3 Toll station Set 5

Table 3-4-2 Ma or Technical Specifications Item Unit Specification Grade Expressway Design Speed km/hr Plain with slight hills-100; Mountain terrain with high hills Design Speedkm/hr ~-80 Width of roadbed in Plain with slight hills-26; Mountain terrain with high hills- 24 5 Width of Driving Lane m 2*7.5 Width of bridge surface m 23; 22 Width of median m 2.0rn ; 1 5m Design Speed on Ramps km/hr 35-60 Design load of bridge and culvert t Vehicle-20, trailer-120

Design Flood Frequency I _1/100, 1/300 (extra-large bridge) Maximum Longitudinal slope % 5

3.5 Main Engineering Works

Bridge The TTH will have 13 extra-large bridges along its alignment, with a total length of 8610 m. In this context, bridges are not always necessary above rivers or streams. They can also refer to elevated viaducted above some difficult terrain and topography where high on the ground surface would be difficult engineeringly or generate very high impacts such as sever a wildlife habit. The

11 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

details of the bridges and their locations are shown in Table 3-5-1 and Figure 3-2.

Table 3-5-1 Extra-large Brid e along TTH _ _ No. Pile No. Spans (No. -m) lenge River section I K79+160 13-30+28+6-40+12-30 1027 Elevated viaduct 2 K80+640 21-40 850 Shuiqiao Lake 3 K81+710 16-40 650 Shuiqiao Lake 4 K82+110 16-40 650 Shuigiao Lake 5 K85+460 20-30 611 Bailing Lake 6 K91+045 55-40 2213 Qixing River 7 K93+000 26-30 793 Elevated viaduct 8 K98+515 19-30 570 Dongshan River 9 K138+941.5 3-13+100+2-13 179 Fly over highway S325 10 K144+350 20+300+5-20 432 Taiping Lake 11 K151+102.8 13+100+13 140 Elevated viaduct 12 K151+678.1 4-13+120+13 203 Elevated viaduct 13 K153+955 22-25 557.5 Elevated viaduct

Tunnel The TTH will have nine tunnels, with the total length of 7509 m. Among them, three will be longer than 1000 m. The details of the tunnels and their locations are presented in Table 3-5-2 and Figure 3-2.

Table 3-5-2 Tunnels aRlon the TTIHI No Name of tunnel Starting point pile No. Ending point pile No. Length I Qingshan Tunnel K96+350 K96+780 430 2 Jiaojiashan Tunnel K151+778 K151+973 195 ZK155+085 ZK157+433 2348 3 Zitong Tunnel YK155+026 YK157+564 2538 ZK173+433 ZK175+003 1570 4 Sankou Tunnel YK173+425 YK174+980 1555 5 Hekeng Tunnel K179+352 K180+104 752 6 Huangbangling Tunnel K181+430 K181+865 435 7 Huangshi Tunnel K182+218 K182+396 178 8 Maota Tunnel K188+790 K189+883 1093 9 Sukeng Tunnel K190+505 KK190+991 486

11nterchange

The TTH will have six interchanges. One of the interchanges will not be built in this project but its design provisions and locations will be included for reserve. Details of the interchanges are presented in Table 3-5-3.

_ _Table 3-5-3 Interchanges aRong the TTH No No. of central Name of interchage Grossing The road to be Footprint(mu) No lieNaefmerhpilge position crossed Footpnnt(mu) Xiaxichong The planned I K95+300 (for reserve) River expressway along the 164.14 river 2 K101+179 Qiongyangchengdong Main road G318 239 00 3 K134+100 Lingyang Main road S103. S325 215.50 4 K165+260 Gantangchengbei Main road S103. Ganfu Road 291 56 5 K185+050 Tanjiagiao Main road S103 150 30 6 K193+900 Main road G205 203.60

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Map 3-2 Project Alignment Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Connecting/link roads (ramps) The TTH will be integrated into the local road network primarily through connections at the interchanges. The Qingyang interchange will connect with G318, about 200 m beyond the toll station on the ramp and the Tanjiaqiao interchange will connect with G205 about 100 m following the toll station. These ramps and connection roads have been included in this project.

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13 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

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14 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

3.7 Relationship of TTH and the Regional Road Network

At its north end, the TTH will connect with Lujiang to Tongling highway (LTH) which is currently under construction. Through Hefei to Anqing highway (HAH) which was financed partially by the World Bank in Anhui Highway I project and is now operating, LTH and thus TTH will connect with the provincial capital of Hefei (Figure 3-1). At its south end, the TTH will connect with Tunxi at the provincial border through Tunxi to Huangshan Highway (THH) which is currently under planning. The highway network will enter into other provinces (details below) and connect with the inter-provincial highway network.

The LTH started its construction at the beginning of 2002 and is expected to open for traffic at the end of 2004. Prior to its construction, a detailed environmental impact assessment with full considerations of environmental and resettlement issues had been completed, which was then reviewed and approved by SEPA (copy of the approval document included in Appendix 1).

The planned THH has been approved by the MOC (copy of the approval document in Appendix II). At the present, engineering feasibility study for THIi is being prepared and the environmental impact assessment is to start soon. As described above, THH connects the TTH at its north end and several highways at the other end. To its east, it will connect with Huihang highway which is under construction and then connect with Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang province. To the south, it will connect with the planned Tunxi to Kaihua Highway and through the south of Zhejiang connects with Fujian province. To its west, it will connect with Tunxi to Jingdezhen Highway and enters into Jiangxi province. These connections are shown in Figure 3-3.

The proposed THH has a smooth alignment selected with considerations of harmony and integration with scenic sites and urban development along the highway, as well as to avoid directly going through nature reserves, scenic sites, cultural properties and other environmentally sensitive spots. In the next stage, the EA team for THH will conduct further impact assessment and develop mitigation plans to minimizing the occupation of agricultural and forest land, minimizing resettlement and other adverse impacts to natural and socioeconomic environments. Although THH is not part of the TTH, thus not part of this EA, it will be thoroughly analyzed for its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts with the similar standards and methodologies applied in the EA for the World Bank financed TTH.

3.8 Construction Material

There will be 22 proposed borrow pits and spoil disposal sites. The total required earth is estimated to be 786,000 m3 and the accessive materials requiring disposal will be 3,580,000 m3 The locations and scales of these sites are presented in Table 3.8-1 and other materials required by highway construction are presented in Table 3.8-2.

15 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Table 3.8-1 List of Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites No. Nature Location Distance to Area (ha) / Depth/ Current TTH Material (10,000 m3) Height usage I Borrow pit K78+500 180 Area, 3 2 4.5 Disserted ______Material, 12.1 2 Borrow pit K79+800 1000 Area, 0 4 10 Disserted ______~ ~~~~~~~~Material,_4.0_ _ _ _ 3 Borrow pit K83+600 260 Area, 5 4 Disserted BorrowK83+600pit 260 ~~Material, 20 _____

4 Borrow pit K88+800 500 Area, 3.3 6 Disserted ______M aterial,_20 ______

5 Borrow pit K95+400 70 Area, 4.5 5 Small hill ______M aterial,22.5

6 Disposal site K99+100 Adjacent Area, 1.086 Valley 7 Borrow pit K112+740 Adjacent Area, 1.2 1.2 Small hill 8 Disposal site K128+700 120 Area, 6.7 10 Pond ______Disposal, 60 9 Disposal site K133+500 Adjacent Disposal, 15 5 Valley

10 Disposal site K134+100 Adjacent Area, 0 95 6 Pond ______Disposal, 6 11 Disposal site K146+1 00 Adjacent Area, 4 10 Valley Arepoa, 40 12 Disposal site K149+100 100 Area, 4 10 Valley K152+600Oto 130 Arepoal,140 13 Disposal sites K152+800 40 to 130 Area, 1.4 6 Paddy field K1528+00 Arespoal,1. 14 Disposal sites K158+550 Adjacent Disposal, 10 6 Valley K158+550 Dispos~Aral, 1.8 15 Disposal site K159+300 50 Disposal, 18 10 Valley

16 Disposal site K162+000 40 Area, .6.5 10 Disserted Disposal, 22 17 Disposal site K169+000 40 Area, 1.9 10 Disserted ______~~~~Disposal, 1.9 18 Disposal site K173+350 100 Disposal, 16 5 Slope Arepoal,2.7 19 Disposal site K175+900 adjacent Area, 27 10 Valley

20 Disposal site 00 100 Area, 39 7 S103 Kl100- 00 Disposal, 14 _____

21 Disposal site K187+580 200 Area, 5.3 7 Valley Aeal,4. 22 Disposal site K193+500 50 DpArea, 44 5 Valley

Table 3-8-2 Other Constiruction Materials and Materials Yards Materials Materials Yard Remarks Suishi and Ci mountains in Tongling, Shuangbei Abundant supply, Stone mountain in Qingyang, Liudu mountain in Shitai, High quality Rainbow bridge, Sancha, Xintian in Huangshan Convenient transportation Sand Tongling Yangtzi river bridge, Yangtian, lingyang High quality, large volume and San______river in Qingyang and Sankou in Huangshan convenient transportation Cement Hailuo cement kiln Various kinds, high quality Asphalt Import Select supplier is the key Rivers, pond, reservoirs and lake along the project Abundant water resource, quality is alignment sufficient or the project.

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Map 3-3 Relation of Tongling-Tangkou Expressway and Other Highway in the proposed Region

Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

3.9 Traffic Projection

According to the traffic projection result provided by the preliminary feasibility study report, the traffic flow of the proposed TTH is shown in Table 3.9-1.

Table 3-9-1 Traffic Flow Projecon Key year 2008 2014 2022 Road section -- -_ Starting point-Xiaxichong Interchange 22653 30517 39323 Xiaxichong Interchange-Qingyangdong Interchange 31855 44255 58681 Qingyangdong Interchange-Lingyang Interchange 26216 36956 49471 Lmgyang Interchange-Gantangbei Interchange 21975 30034 40390 Gantangbei Interchange-Tanjiagiao Interchange 23438 32168 42546 Tantiagiao Interchange-Shancha Interchange 23844 32590 42585 Gantangchengbei connecting road 5496 10271 16272

3.10 Cost Estimate and Funding Sources

The total investment for this project is RMB 4.499 billion.

The funding sources include a World Bank loan, subsidy fund from the MOC and budgetary fund from APCD own sources. The Bank loan is USD 250 million, the subsidy fund from the MOC is RMB 850.97 million, and the balance to be covered by APCD's own fund.

3.11 Construction Schedule

Key project schedules are as follows: June, 2003 Project preparation, preliminary design and construction drawings will be completed. 2004-2007 Construction period, estimated to last about four years.

17 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Chapteir 4 Enviironmentall Baseline

4.1 Overview of Natural Environment

4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphy The proposed TTH will go through Tongling County of Tongling City, Qingyang County and Shitao County of Chizhou City and Huangshan District of Huangshan City. The north of project area is characterized by low relief, valley plain and basin while the south is basically mountainous land, mixed with hills and deep plains. The project area slopes from south to north, crossing the following two topographical areas:

o Plain with low hills from starting point of the project to Lingyang section. In this area the project will cross polder area, valley plain, low-relief land and basins. Although the topographic features vary, the average elevation is generally lower than 200 m. o High mountainous area from Lingyang section to Shancha section. The proposed road will wind through the rolling land mixed with mountains and valleys. The differential ground level can vary largely. The average elevation is more than 200 m. It is difficult to select alignment in this area due to constrains in topography.

4.1.2 Meteorological Conditions

The project is located in north semi-tropical zone with wet monsoon wind which is characterized by cold winter, hot summer and mild spring and autumn. The annual average temporature is 16.1 C, with the highest temporature of 40.9 C in July-August (Shitai) and the lowest of -13.5 C (Gantang) in January. The rainy season falls usually in May to July for about 40 days when heavy storms may occur as well. The maximum one day rainfall on record is 200 mm. On region wide, the average annual precipitation is 1600 mm,varying greatly from year to year. The maximum yearly precipitation recorded is 2610.7 mm (Qingyang). Wihtin the year, the precipitation also varies greatly with the season. The least precipitation happens in December which is only 21% of that in June. On the seasonal basis, the precipitation in spring accounts for 32% of yearly total, and summer is 38%. The snowfall period is short, only 12 days per year on average. The prevailing wind direction is northeast to south-northeast. Strong wind and rain storms caused by Typhoon often occur in autumn, at least 2-3 times each year. The wind speed in mountainous area is fast, often reach Grade 4 or 5.

The rainy, storms and hot summer could pose adversely impact on the road construction works. Flooding often occur in storm season. In summer, the ground temperature and moisture is high .

4.1.3 Hydrology

There are two major river systems, Qingtong River system and Qingyi River System, in the project area, both of which ultimately discharge into Yangtzi (Changjiang) River. Other major streams and lakes within the project area are: Shuiqiao Lake in Tongling County, Qingxing River and Lingyang River in Qingyang County, Taiping Lake, Yangxi River, Puxi River and Machuan River in Huangshan District.

18 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

The major rivers/surface water bodies to be crossed by the TTH are (Figure 4-1-1):

* Shuiqiao Lake is a branch of Bailang Lake. Bailang Lake is situated in the north of Nandatong River within Tongling County, to the south is Guichi City. The catchment area within Tongling County is 97.5 kM2, and the ground level is 9-10 m. The major function of the lake is for irrigation, flood storage and aquaculture. * Qixing River is the biggest branch of Qingtong River, with a total length of 68 km. The catchment area is 646 km2. River level is affected by Yangzi River. The primary function is for irrigation and flood discharge. * Lingyang River arises from Lanxi stream which discharge trough SuoVillage before conflunce with Nanliu xi stream. Then it flow to south through Shaji before confluence with Taiping Lake. The total length is 19 km, the river bed is 15 - 40 m wide. The catchment is 94.8 km2. The flow rate is 0.4-1.0 m3/s. The maximum flow rate is 180 m3/s. The major function is for irrigation and flood discharge. * Taiping Lake is the largest artificial reservoir in Anhui Province. It is discharged by natural streams from Huangshan and Jiuhuashan Mountains. The surface area is 88.6 km2. The total storage capacity is 2.47 billion m3. The average depth of water is 40 m. Taiping Lake is connected with Yangzi River by Qingyi River. The primary function is for irrigation, flood control, acquaculture and tourism. The function zoning is the reserve for fish. Class 2 standard is enforced. * Puxi River arises from Shiziling of Huangshan Mountains. It discharge through Gengcheng Village to Taiping Lake. The total length is 34.5 km., with a catchment of 207.7 km2. The flow rate is 1287 m3/s (1/100 year). The primary function is for drinking, irrigation and flood discharge. * Machuan River, also called Dongpu River, is originated from Bushuifeng of Huangshan Mountain. It flows through Tangkou, Tanjiaqiao, Sankou Village, Xinrning Village and Shuixianyuan Township, before dicharge into Taiping Lake. The total length is 78 kmn, with the catchment area of 690 km2. The flow rate at Jiangjia of Tanjiaqiao is 2316 m3/s (1.100 year), at Hutian of Tanjiaqiao is 2246 m3/s (/100 year). The primary function is for drinking, irrigation and flood discharge.

4.2 Natural Reserve Zone and National Park along the Project

There are several Nature Protection Zone, Scenic or Landscape Site, and Forest Park, collectively known as the "Three Zones" along the TTH. According to relevant regulations, the three zones are defined as follows:

* Nature Protection Zone, also known as Nature Reserve: refers to as land and fresh or marine water where natural ecosystem, natural habitat for endangered wild life and natural heritage sites of special significance are located (Management Regulations for Natural Reserve Zone, State Council); * Scenic or Landscape Site. refers to as an area of cultural, scientific, aesthetic or scenic significance, and natural and historical sites, which has a considerable geographical size and scope sufficient for development of tourism, leisure, or scientific and cultural activities. These sites are typically designated by the county level or higher governments (Interim Regulations for Management of Landscape Showplace, the State Council); * Forest Park, refers to as an area with beautiful forest landscape, and concentrated natural and/or historical resources, with a geographical size sufficiently large for tourism, leisure or scientific, cultural

19 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

and educational activities (Forest Park Management Regulations, the Forestry Ministry).

According to the above definition, seven "three zones" sites along the TTH have been identified. The locations of these sites and their relations to the proposed highway alignment are shown in Table4-2-1 and Figure3-2.

20 \Tngling City

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Drinkinga Water Intake J--Ijg!p n La I Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Table 4-2-1 Relationship between the TTH Project and the " Three Zones" Name of the Relationship with the proposed SetoofDaid "Three Zones" Status of the zone Location and scope Type Major object for protection alignment assessment in this ______rep o rt~~~~~~~rer In Qingyang County, Buddhism temples and The proposed route is 4 km away Jiuhuashan Scenic Site National level the area, 120 kn 2 nth, Religious site Buddhism temple from the west boundary, the Sections 4.7.7 and buofer zonea,174s kme TourisB s i alternative route will cross the zone 5.6.1 buffer zone IS 174 km2 Touis Budhs hitria sit ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~by3 0 km Jiuhuashan National Consistent with the Rational exploitation and 2 5 km from the west boundary of Forest Park National level boundary defined by the Forest tourism protection of forest landscape the park Same as above buffer zone resource Shibasuo Nature Provincial level Chizhou City Wetland, Aquatic and other wildlife and 2 0 km from the proposed route Section 5 2 4 Reserve Zone Habitat their habitat Taiping Lake scenic Ponilel unhnirc District RsvrNHuangshanReservoir Secitons 4.7 7 and site slte levelProvmclal Tuim5Tourlsm ~~~~~Natural and artificial scenery Cross the zone for 9 0 kin;561 61 Shilishan Nature Provincial level Huangshan District Forest Semitropical evergreen Reserve Zone Provicial level Ecological broadleave forest and precious 0 5 km from the proposed route Section 5 2.4 reserve wildlife Huangshan mountain scenic site World Heritage Huangshan District, Mountam Over 400 scenery zones Secitons 4 7.7 and Huangshan ountian Site about 154 km2 tourism, Geological sites 0.3 km to the west of the route 5.6 1 national geological geological site Geological landscape park I I_I Huangshan Mountain Forest Forest resources Through the site for 0.5 km National Forest Park National level Huangshan District, Tourism Scenic views The center 1 5 km to the east of the Sections 5.2 2 ______Forest______Park______Tounsm______Scemc______view s ______route Huangshan Landscape Showplace Zone has been included in the " World Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites" by the UNESCO.

21 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

As shown in Table 4-2-1, the relation of the TTH with the "three zones" can be basically characterized as: o The proposed road will not cross any natural reserve zone; o The proposed road will cross Taiping Lake scenic site and Lushan forest center of Huangshan Forest Park; and o In most case, the proposed road will cross only the peripheral area of the "three zones".

The TTH area has two nature reserves at Shibasuo and Shilishan, three scenic sites at Jiahuashan, Taiping lake and Huangshan (commonly known as Two Mountains and One Lake in the region) and two forest parks at Jiuhuashan mountain and Huangshan forest parks. In the EA, the two nature reserves are the focus of the bio-diversity, ecosystem and natural habitat assessment while the Two Mountains and One Lake are the focus for visual reviews and induced impacts (increased tourists). The two forest parks are really part of the Jiuhuanshan mountain and Huangshan mountain respectively. Impact assessment for these parks are included in sections on forest, natural habitat and visual impacts.

According to the Clause 8 of the "Interim Regulations for Management of Landscape Showplace": Any construction project within landscape showplace or in the peripheral buffer zone will be harmonized with the site and causing no damage to the scenery, pollution to the environment and disruption of the tourism facilities. The Clause 13 of the "Method for Management of Forest Park" stipulates that any occupation, acquisition and transfer of forestland within forest park will be subject to the agreement of the management of the forest park.

4.3 Ecosystem

4.3.1 Geological conditions along the proposed expressway The proposed TTH is aligned roughly from northeast to southwest, with the starting point at Tongling in the north and the end point at Tangkou in the south. The forest or woodland ecosystems dominate along the alignment, where lakes and polders are also scattered. The highway may been divided into seven sections in terms of geological properties:

(1) Suburban area of Tongling county and the polder area near the Shibasuo Natural Reserve Zone

This section is about 15.5 km long (K78+060-K93+500), starting from suburb of Tongling county, with I km within the suburban area, before going into the polder area of Yangtzi River which is characterized by mixture of small hills and polders. The polder area is largely cultivated where large scale farming exists, including irrigated paddy fields and a small amount of fish ponds. The flat terrain of the area is well cultivated and densely populated. Being adjacent to the Shibasuo Natural Reserve, waterfowls are often seen in the area's irrigated fields and ponds.

(2) Basin and hilly section to the east of Qingyang County

This section is approximately 18.5 km (K93+500-K1 12). The first 4 km section is a hilly area, mostly farmed as tea garden and cash woodland, with a small portion of artificial masson pine forest. The remainder is cultivated land for large scale crop farning, tea/vegetable gardens or for building land. Again the relevatively flat terrain of the area attracts intensive cultivation and population settlements.

22 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

(3) Valley plain in Jiuhuashan Mountain

This section is about 31 km(KI 12-K143. In order to pass through the narrow valley, considerable tunnels and deep cuts will be constructed. The major vegetation coverage in the area is artificial conifer forest. Farmers reside sparsely, living on limited land on hill slopes. The last 6 km of this section is adjacent to Yangmei Village, where there are mixed conifer and broadleaf wood land and the secondary broadleaf forest providing habitats for various wild lives.

(4) Taiping Lakeshore section

This section is 8 km long (K143-K151), going along the lakeshore once passing the main lake body. The provincial highway S103 separates the proposed TTH and Taiping lake for the most part. The major vegetation in this artificially planted conifer forest mixed with fractions of secondary broadleaf forest. A few species of aquatic plants appear at the lakeshore waters. The lake water is clean with high quality and lake shore area has few population settlements, although the area is under development plan for tourists.

(5) Section outside Shilishan Natural Reserve Zone

This section is 9 km long (K151-K160) and the best preserved zone under natural vegetation coverage, where the broadleaf tree with diameter over 20 cm can be seen, so can be the wildlife in this area. The proposed TTH will be mostly on elevated viaducts and tunnels in this section. This section is a focus of the ecological assessment in this EA.

(6) Gantang Basin

This section is 13.5 km long (K160-K173+500), characterized with mixed hills and plains. The hills are covered with tea, fruit or fir trees. The flat plain and gentle slope are mostly cultivated or used as building land. Major crops include wheat, maize and rice. The flat terrain of the area attracts intensive cultivation and dense population settlements.

(7) Section outside Huangshan Mountain Landscape and Showplace Zone

This section is 21 km long (K173+500-K194+350). It is well covered by natural vegetation where secondary forest dominates. Major types of vegetation include mixed conifer and broadleaf trees. According to the "Guideline for protected areas management categories" (1992 edition) of the Intemational Union for Nature and Natural Resource, Huanshan Mountain Landscape and Showplace Zone falls into the category II (national park), with the major objective to protect the ecosystem and maintain functions for human leisure and recreations. Any developments in such areas will not conflict with the overall management objective and will be in harmonious with the surrounding environmental and cultural settings. This section is also a focus of ecological assessment.

In general, the ecosystems along the TTH alignment is of a good quality, especially the three sections of Taiping lake, Shilishan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain. The vegetation coverage is over 70%, dominated

23 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA by second growth forest followed by artificially planted woodland.

4.3.2 Bio-diversity

According to International Convention on Bio-diversity, bio-diversity is defined as the variability of lives from all sources, including terrestrial, oceanic and other aquatic ecosystems and the integrated ecosystem thus formed. The variability includes that within the same species, between species or in a whole ecosystem. In general, bio-diversity may be understood as the collective name for the badies of all lives. As such it represents sharing of the same earth between human beings and other forms of life. Therefore, human beings will consider the living conditions of other lives while live on the earth and utilize its resources.

According to the Anhui Province Chronicle (Natural Environment Section) and Series of China Natural Resources (Anhui Province Volume), Anhui province has 3139 species of fascicular plants, belong to 225 groups, 1222 categories, including 232 species of fern, 53 species of gymnosperm, and 2854 species of angiosperm. The plants in this region generally fall into the category of middle Asian evergreen broadleaf forest which gradually dominates along with descending elevations. At the higher land, deciduous broadleaf trees dominate in this region.

The above Series divides amphibian and reptile animals in Anhui province into six geographical distribution areas, while birds and mammals into five distribution areas. The major animal distribution areas to be affected by the project is Wannan mountainous and hilly area and the Yangzi River bank area In Wannan mountainous and hilly area, there are 493 species of vertebrate including 29 species of amphibian, 26 species of reptile, 342 species of birds, and 96 species of mammals.

According to the Huangshan City Chronicle, the city which includes the Huangshan mountain has about 300 species of wild animals, including 70 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 30 species of reptile 20 species of amphibian. The Qingyang County Chronicle records that there are 1200 species of plants and 300 species of animals within its terretory.

As there is no uniform criteria for assessment of bio-diversity, the species diversity and abundance indicators are described using those defined in the Study for Bio-diversity Index System for the ecological assessment. The diversity and abundance indictors cover four classes, and their definitions are given in Table 4-3-2-1.

Table4-3-2-1 l[ndicators for Assessment of Species Diversity and Abundance Class A Higher plants32000species or Vertebrate3400 species; Species Class B Higher plants 1000- 1999 species, or Vertebrate200-399 species; Diversity Class C Higher plants 500-999 species, or VertebratelOO-199 species; Class D Higher plants<499 species, or Vertebrate<99 species; Class A The quantity of vertebrate and fascicular plant accounts for more than 40% of the provincial total; Species Class B The quantity of vertebrate and fascicular plant accounts for more than 25% of the Abundance provincial total; Class C The quantity of vertebrate and fascicular plant accounts for more than 10% of the provincial total; Class D The quantity of vertebrate and fascicular plant accounts for less than 10%;

24 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

The assessment findings for species quantity in major sections have been summarized in Table 4-3-2-2.

Table 4-3-2-2 Species Diversity and Abundance Assessment in Key HHT Areas (No. Species) Reference Assessed area Type of Species Anhui Wannan Jiuhuashan Shilishan Huangshan area Province mountainous area area ______are a Amphibian 38 29 13 8 More than 20 Reptile 67 26 24 15 More than 30 Vertebrate Birds 342 342 168 22 More than 170 Mammals 96 96 48 23 More than 70 Total 543 493 253 68 About 300

Fern 232 - 103 63 131 Fascicular Gymnosperm 53 19 13 18 Angiosperm 2854 1215 582 1465 Total 3139 1461 658 1807

Referring the definition in Table 4-3-2-1, Table 4-3-2-2 shows that the species diversity in Jiuhuashan and Huangshan mountain areas is Class B, showing relatively diversified ecosystem. The comparison of number of species of fascicular plants and vertebrate in the project areas with the provincial totals and Wannan region totals, indicates that the species abundance falls into Class A. Clearly, these key project affected areas are very rich in wildlife.

4.3.3 Tree Coverage Distribution

4.3.3.1 General

The proposed TTH is within the Wannan mountainous area. According to the general classification of vegetation coverage, it belongs to the middle semi-tropical evergreen broadleaf forest. The type of regional tree coverage is the evergreen broadleaf forest. In the low hill areas where evergreen broadleaf forest have bee widely replaced by deciduous trees forest, mixed deciduous and evergreen broadleaf trees exist with the deciduous trees gradually dominate with descending elevation. Due to heavy human activities, some parts of the forest have degraded into secondary bush.

In terms of vertical distribution, the planted woodland dominates the area below the elevation of 400 m which is mixed in small part with low bush and grassland. In areas with elevations from 400 m to 1000 m there are mainly upland broadleaf forests. The tree coverage distribution in the area above 1000 m is typically from mixed forest of evergreen broadleaf and deciduous trees to highland bushes.

4.3.3.2 Vegetation Cover along the TTH

The EA team conducted a field investigation in July 2002 for vegetation coverage along the TTH area. The investigation results, presented below, demonstrate the vegetation baseline of the project area as well as provide a basis for impact assessment.

25 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Content and Scope of Survey

The scope of the investigation is 1 km on both sides of the proposed TTH alignment from Yangtian Township of Qingyang County to Tangkou Township of Huangshan District.

The major content of the investigation is forest distribution and plant types/species, identification of endangered or protected species, if any, and the existing status of the forest and stability of forest system.

Methodology

The investigation is based on remote sensing analysis and site survey. Remote sensing analysis is largely limited to understanding and assessment of the area topography, environment and vegetation distribution, while the site survey is for analysis and assessment for forest community.

The site survey is limited to the area 500 m within the road central line. Sample lands that could represent various plant communities has been identified as sample land. There are total 6 such sample lands.

According to the basic methods for field forest ecosystem investigation and actual conditions in the field, the sample lands have been defined to be 20 X 20 m 2 or 20 X 30 m2 . The field investigation covers arbor layer, shrub layer, succession layer and herbaceous layer. The investigation of arbor layer includes tree scale, type, height, chest diameter and coverage. Investigation of shrub layer is carried out based on the indicators for type, quantity, height and coverage degree. The herbaceous layer is not the focus for investigation of this project, which will receive a general description. The field investigation also includes key site environmental factors such as topographical features, slopes, locations, absolute elevation, relative height, soil and rock conditions.

Vegetation Cover Type of Each Section According to the field investigation, the vegetation coverage of the area along the highway can be classified into five categories: artificially planted woodland, secondary forest, bamboo, bush and tea gardens. The artificially planted forest could be further divided into masson pine forest and fir forest which distribute within areas below an elevation of 400 m with most of these trees aged at 15-20 years. The land between the trees is covered by bushes. The secondary forest is distributed in the area with an elevation higher than 400 m or the steep lope with an elevation lower than 400 m, most of the trees are deciduous and evergreen broadleaf trees. Bamboo is a major local economic or cash growth. In most cases it grows in the fertile land with an elevation lower than 400 m. The species diversity for the under-growth in the bamboo land is poor and the bushes are sparse, as human activities is concentrated on such areas. In the lowland hilly and the mountainous area that is strongly affected by human activity, there are limited bushes. Tea tee is another major cash crop in this region which is planted in valley plain where is densely populated, or grows in the fertile slope land.

The types of major vegetation cover in these sections are as follows, and Figure 4-3-3-1 shows the details of vegetation distribution. o Suburban of Tongling City to the polder area outside the Shibasuo Natural Reserve Zone. The major vegetation type in the area is farm crops. Small parts of land are covered by artificially planted masson

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pine forest and bushes, such as areas near Hamaling. Fractions of aqua plants grow in the lakeshore of Shuiqiao lake. * Valley plain in the east of Qingyang County and hilly area. Besides the lands near Shenggongshan Mountain and Qingshan Mountain where are covered by artificially planted firs, bushes and bamboo, farm crops are the major vegetation in the region. * Valley plain in Jiuhuashan Mountain. The farm crop coverage to the forest coverage ratio in this region is 3/2. About 90% of the forest coverage is artificially planted woodland and bushes. Small plots of secondary forest grow on the steep hills near Dongdengbao and Yangmei Village. * Lakeshore section of Taiping Lake. The major vegetation coverage is artificial planted firs (about 50%), followed by farm crops (about 30%) and tea gardens (about 15%). * Section outside Shilishan Natural Reserve Zone. The land in front of the Zitongkeng Tunnel is most covered by secondary forest (75%), followed by tea gardens (15%), with the reminder covered by bamboo and farm crops. The land behind the tunnel is mostly covered by artificially planted firs (nearly 70%), followed by bamboo (nearly 25%), as well as tea gardens and farm crops. * Gantang Basin. Farm crop coverage to forest coverage ratio in this region is 1/1. Artificially planted woodland accounts for 80% of the total forest land. There also is a big proportion of bush and grassland, but only a small proportion of tea trees. The section outside Huangshan Landscape Showplace Zone. Farm crop coverage to forest coverage ratioin in this region is 2/3. Artificially planted woodland accounts for 70% of the forest, and secondary forest accounts for 25%. There is a small proportion land for tea gardens.

Major Forest Community along the TTH

As the proposed TTH will cross valley plain or lowland, the regional plants such as evergreen broadleaf forest which grow on highland, will be hardly affected. The protected tree species including Castanopsis eyrei, Phoebe shearer,and Cyclobalanopsisglauca have not been found in the field investigation.

The site survey has revealed that the artificially planted woodland (firs and masson pines) are the major vegetation coverage in the area. In the area with complex topography and sparse population settlement, the mixed forest grows. The typical trees are CastanopsisScierophyiia which grow in the transitional zone from mixed forest to evergreen broadleaf trees. In the low-relief terrain, there is abundant grass and bush in addition to the artificially planted woodland, which play a role in soil conservation.

The distribution and features of various forest colonies are as follows:

Natural secondaryforest

The natural secondary forest is distributed in the valley plain of Jiuhuashan Mountains, the outside area of Shilishan Natural Reserve Zone and Huangshan mountain scenic site. The alignment of the proposed highway has been redesigned to avoid directly going through Jiuhuashan reserve core area, therefore several sample lands have been designated in Shilishan Natural Reserve Zone and Huangshan scenic site for further investigation.

In consideration of the steep topography and a proposed tunnel near Zitongkeng of Shilishan area, two

27 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA sample lands with area of 20 X 20 m2 have been defined for investigation. The proposed highway will pass a vast bamboo grove near Sukeng of Huangshan Scenic site. Only a small area of natural secondary forest under the hills, therefore a 20 X 20 m2 sample land is defined.

The features of the structure and type of natural secondary forest community are: Features of community type: The frequency of ocurrance of Castanopsis Scierophyiia among the 26 species and 196 arbor trees is 100%. In the sample land of Zitongkeng there are 40 Castanopsis Scierophyiia, accounting for 41.7%. In the sample land of Sukeng there are 16, accounting for 27.6%. The associated species are different: in Zitongkeng area, Lithocarpus giaucai accounts for 22.9%, and Azalea accounts for 18.7%; in Sukeng area, lindera accounts for 10.3%, and Liquidambarformosanaaccounts for 6.9%. But in both areas, Castanopsis Scierophyiia is the dominant species. Therefore it is clear that Castanopsis Scierophyiia is the dominant tree in the natural secondary forest land under 400 m of elevation.

The features of ecosystem: The surface relief is steep in Zitongkeng area with the slope degree at the surveyed area at about 50°, the elevation at 420 m above the sea, the relative height at 200 m, the aspect is NW 40° and the closed degree of forest is 85 %. There are rare human activities in this area due to its remoteness from population settlements. The under-soil is moist perennially. Moss grows on the naked rock. The leaf litter contains much humus. The sample land in Sukeng area is under moutons, with slope degree of 30 0 and the closed degree of forest at 60 %. Large population settlements are located around this area. The edge of the forest community is heavily affected by human activities as a result its proximity. Although the falling leaf is thick, there is a low level of decaying and humus content.

Structure feature of the forest community: The combined amount of Castanopsis Scierophyiiat, Lithocarpus giauca and Azalea accounts for 83.3% of the total woodland in Zitongkeng area which are the dominant species (which means dominance in the community with decisive roles in determining community structure). The combined amount of Castanopsis Scierophyiia (lindl.) Schott, linderaaccounts and Liquidambar formosana accounts for 40.8% of the total in Sukeng area. The structure of the forest community reveals that although the type of the forest in the two areas are similar, the forest in Zitongkeng is more stable than that in Sukeng in terms of the species structure.

Feature of vertical structure: In Zitongkeng, the separation of arbor and shrub layers is distinct, with little under-wood. The average height of shrub layer is 2.5 m. In contrast, there is abundance of under-wood in Sukeng area, with 27.6% of the total at a height of 3.5-5.0 m. The average height of shrub layer is 2.5 m and the separation of arbor and shrub layers is ambiguous.

Composition of succession forest: In the area of Zitongkeng, the major regeneration species are Castanopsis Scierophyiia, Cunninghamialanceolata Eurya muricata Serissa serissoides Camelliasinensis, Lespedeza bicolor, Pleioblastus amarus, Phyllostachys congesta, Quercus fabri Linera aggregats, Cinnamomum subaveniumn Lindera angustifolia Lithocarpus giauca Evonymus myrianthus, Evonymus carnosus, Ericaceaespp Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Alniphyllumfortunei Itea chinensis vay oblonga, Diospyros kaki varsylvestris, Holbeelliafargesii etc. In the regeneration layer, deciduous species accounts for 44.4%, and evergreen species accounts for 55.6%, reflecting the clear trend from evergreen deciduous broad-leaf forest to evergreen broad -leaf forest. The regeneration species in Sukeng area are: Liquidambarformosana, Eurya muricata, Rhus chinensis, Toxicodenron sylvestre Pistacia chinensis Acer davidii Lindera

28 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA angustifolia Quercus giandulufera var.brevipetiolata. Lindera rubronervia Dalbergia hupeana Rhus chinensis, nandina domestica, Quercus fabri, Eurya muricata Cephalotaxus sinensis Cunninghamza lanceolata, Linera glauca etc. In the succession layer, deciduous species accounts for 60%, and evergreen species accounts for 40%, implying that the forest is at the succession stage of evergreen deciduous broad-leaf trees and mixed deciduous broadleaf trees.

In summary, the secondary forest in Zitongkeng area is stable in terms of species formation and community structure. It is at the stable stage of community succession. However, based on the analysis of species of regeneration layer, the climax of community succession is the zonal evergreen broad-leaf forest. The forest in Sukeng area is at the beginning stage to the mixed evergreen deciduous broad-leaf forest.

Artificialforest

The artificially plant woodland (artificial forest) is found everywhere during the field investigation. The two most common artificially planted trees are masson pines and firs. In part of the area, there are artificial mixed forest of masson pines and firs, or the mixed forest of Sassafras tzumu, masson pine and Paulowniaaustralis. Referring to the alignment of the proposed highway, the sample land of artificial forest surveyed is to be the artificial fir forest.

The dominant species of artificial fir forest is firtree. The under wood species are centered on heliphilous plants, such as Liquidambarformosana, Diospyros kaki, varsylvestris Rhus chinensis . Quercus fabri and Phyllostachys congesta; the evergreen species are Eurya muricata Linera aggregats Camellia sinensis etc. On the slope facing south, the heliphilous species are dominant in the under-wood shrub and regeneration plants. On the slope facing the north, the shade-loving deciduous trees dominate. Based on the analysis on the property of under-wood and regeneration plants, the succession of community will orient to deciduous broad-leaf forest if there is no outside interference.

Bamboo grove

Bamboo grove is an important economic forest in southern China. It grows mostly in the hilly areas along the proposed project. The under-growth vegetation is sparse, the major species of under-growth are:Castanopsis Scierophyiia, Quercus stewardii, Serissa serissoides, Ulmus changii, Quercus giandulufera .var brevipetiolata Platycaryastrobilacea . Dalbergiahupeana Lespedeza bicolor. Pleioblastus amarus, Phyllostachys congesta, Diospyros kaki varsylvestris Eurya muricata Quercus fabri, Linera aggregats, Liquidambarformosana, Lindera angustifolia Toxicodenron sylvestre Tilia oliveri Actinidia chinensis Euscaphisjaponica Vitex negundo Rhus chinensis, Rubus peltatus etc.. According to the surveyed data, the average density of bamboo grove is 250/mu, the closed degree is 65%, and the average height of under-growth shrub is 80 cm, with a coverage degree of shrub of 35%. The dominant herbaceous species are ferns, Liriope spicata and plants of Roceasae, Gramineae and Labiatae, the cover degree is 10%. It is the feature of bamboo grove that the growth of underground plants would be largely restrained, therefore it is difficult for succession of community.

Shrub

29 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

As there are abundant sunshine and rainfall, the distribution and growth condition of shrub in this area is limited only by the local soil condition. The shrub is expected to develop to deciduous broad-leaf forest on the land of good soil condition.

The detail information of each sample land investigation is shown in Appendix 3. The main plants found in the vegetation investigation are shown in Appendix 4.

In summary, the woodland, forest and other vegetation coverage in the project area are diversified. They differ in different sections of the TTH, as well as in different elevation within the same area. Table 4.3.3-1 summarizes the major forest and woodland communities found in the TTH affected areas, based on the field investigation by the EA team.

Table 4.3.3-1 Summary of Vegetation Coverage along the TTIBI

Type of Vegetation Dominant Species Distribution along the TTH Castanopsis Scierophyiiat, Lithocarpus giauca and Azalea in Zitongkeng area Valley area of Jiuhuashan mountain, Natural secondary forest Castanopsis Scierophyiia (lindl ) Schott, Shilishan nature reserve area and linderaaccounts and Liquidambar Huangshan mountain scenic site area formosana In Sukeng area. Artificially planted firs Firs and under-growth Everywhere along the TrH alignment Artificially planted masson pines Masson pines and under-growth Everywhere along the TTH alignment Bamboo 250 pieces/mu with sparse under-growth Lower land and hilly area, scattered Rhus chinensis, Clerodendrum Land above 800 m or forest harvested Shrub cyntophylum, Varsylvestris land below 800 m liquidambar formosam

4.3.3.3 Precious, Ralre and Endangered Plant Species

Based on the information collection and analysis, the assessment area is unlikely to have plant species under the national Class I protection list. The area may however have 12 plant species under national Class 2 protection list. These species and their distribution in the country are: o Cereidiphyllumjaponica,sub-tropic area, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces o Emmenopterys henryi, sub-tropic area, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces o Liriodendronchinensis, sub-tropic/tropic areas, east and south China region o Pseudolarixkaempferi, sub-tropic area, east and south China region o Pseudotsuga gaussenii, sub-tropic area, east China region o Sinojackia xylocarpa, sub-tropic area, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces o Monimopetalum chinense, sub-tropic area, Zhejiang and Anhui province o Kirengeshomapalmata, sub-tropic area, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces o Magnolia officiinalis subsp, sub-tropic area, east and south China region o Ormosia hosiei, sub-tropic area, east and south China region o Cephalotaxus sinensis, sub-tropic area, east and south China region o Cinnamomum camphora, sub-tropic area, east and south China region

During the field investigation, only one piece of Cephalotaxus sinensis was found in the Sukeng sample land

30 Neofelis nebulosa Muntiacus crinifrons

Capricomis sumatraensis Cervus mppon

Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA of Shancha. No other the community of plant species under national level protection list has been found.

4.3.4 Wild Animals

As the wild animals have large activity area, the assessment area will not be limited to the area of 1000 m from the proposed highway. The basic area covered in this assessment is the entire Qingyang County, Shitai County and Huangshan District, with the 1 000 m area as the focus.

Is has been identified during the site survey that peripheral area of Shilishan Natural Reserve, peripheral are of Huangshan scenic site and the area from Shaji to Taiping Lake bridge are rich in wildlife resources. Therefore the field investigation of wild animal is concentrated in the peripheral area of Shilishan Natural Reserve and Huangshan mountain scenic site.

4.3.4.1 The methodology for site survey and analysis

The field investigation combines a focused survey and a general survey in line with the general methodology for field study of reptiles, birds and mammals, as well as the amphibian. Local residents were also visited and interviewed during the field investigation in search of wildlife information.

Amphibian and reptiles: The distribution of amphibian and reptile is identified by sample collection, personal interview and information review. The sample collection is random which could ascertain the relative quantity of amphibian and reptile in an area. However, there is lack of unified specifications for presentation of relative abundance of species community. The species proportion of hunted animals is applied to present the relative quantity.

Bird: The distribution of birds is identified by sample collection, personal interview and information review. The relative quantity of birds is determined by route statistics method. In view of the fact that the distribution and species community abundance could vary largely in different ecosystems, the statistics isi repeated for 2-3 times for birds in different project affected ecosystems.

Mammals: The distribution and relative quantity of medium or large mammals are identified through field observation, personal interview and collection of wild animals furs trade. The small mammals such as mouse are investigated using mouse traps. 150-200 mouse traps were installed across the project affected area.

The collected information from the field investigation is then analyzed, through the following step: * Sort and appraise the samples collected * Prepare the zonal category for various species communities based on historical information. * Identify features of mammal species and communities according to the zonal category and filed observation.

4.3.4.2 Analysis of land vertibarate

Amphibian

31 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

There are eight species of amphibians within the assessment area, the names are listed in the Appendix 3-1. Andrias davidinus is under at Class 2 national protection list, and Bufo gargarizans and Rana spinosa are under the Class 2 of Anhui Province protection list. Rana limnocharis ,Rana livida ,Rana schmacheri ,Rana spinosa are the most common species while Rana limnocharis are the dominant species in the region.

With regard to the environment they live and life habits, the eight species of amphibian may be divided into two types: o Land type: This type of amphibian largely lives in moisture land environment and move to water only during the spawn period. They typically live in the sediment during the winter time, however. o Water type: This type of amphibian live in the water and the peripheral area, with eggs and young life also in the water.

The field investigation did not find Andrias davidinus. According to relevant records and reports, Andrias davidinus is very rare in this area.

Reptile

There are 15 species of reptile within the project affected area. The names of these reptiles are listed in Appendix 3-2, among which there is none under the national or protection lists but six under the Class 2 of Anhui Province protection list. Among these species, Gekko japonicus, Enmeces chinensis, Takydromus septentrionalis, Dinodon rugozonatum, Elaphe carinata, Zaacys dhwnnades and Deinagkistrodonacutus are the most common species while Gekko japonicus , Takydromus septentrionalis and Elaphe carinata are the dominant species.

With regard to their live environment and life habits, the species of amphibian may be classified as near-water, irrigated farmland, buildings and forest types, described as follows: o Near-water type: This type of reptiles is living in near water ecosystem, or near streams, canal and paddy field; or in wet environment except during the spawn period. They typically search for their foods in the water but live on dry land. o Irrigated farmland type: This type of reptile lives in warm land environment. Some reptiles are active in day time, such as lizard which always look for food when the land is warm. In early summer, it is active in the afternoon. The active time could extend with the increase of sunshine and temperature. But in the hot area under the straight sunshine, some reptiles would be inactive. Snakes are active in both daytime and nighttime. They generally are active after sunrise in the early summer and throughout daytime and nighttime in mid-summer. o Building area type: This type of reptile lives in residential buildings, resting in daytime and active in nighttime. The majority of their food sources is fly or mosquito. o Forest type: This type of reptile lives in the forest. Most are living the shade and wet environment.

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According to the field investigation and historical information collected, there are 85 species of birds within the assessment area, with 49 species of Passerifomes and 36 species of non-Passerifomes. A complete list of these birds is presented in the Appendix 3-3.

There is one species of bird under the Class 1 at national protection list, five under Class 2 of national protection list, 11 under Class I of Anhui Province protection list and 11 under class 2 of Anhui Province protection list. Streptopelia orientalis , Streptopelia chinensis , Cissa e erythrorhyncha , Capella stenura, Zosterops japoniaca , Cuculus micropterus , Corous macrorhynchus , Garrulaxperspicillatus , Troglodytes troglodytes and Passer montanus saturatus are the common species while Streptopelia orientalis , Cissa e. erythrorhyncha , Corous macrorhynchus and Passer montanus saturatus are the dominant species in the region.

Mammals

According to the field investigation and historical information collected, there are 72 species of mammals within the assessment area. The names are listed in Appendix 5-6.

Three species of mammals under Class I at national protection list and they are Neofelis nebulosa, Muntiacus crinifrons and Cervus nippon; nine under Class 2 in the national protection list, such as macaque, pangolin, zibet, rasse, jackal, otter; four under Class I of Anhui Province protection list; and five under Class 2 of Anhui Province protection list.

There is a large proportion of Carnivora, Rodentia and Artiodactyla in the assessment area, totaling 58 species in three groups of mammals, accounting for 70% of all mammals identified. Among them, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros pratti , Lepus capensis Leporidae , Tamiops swinhoei, Cricetulus barabensis, Mustela sibirica , Microtus fortis and Sus scrofa are the most common species while Lepus capensis Leporidae, Tamiops swinhoei Cricetulus barabensis, Sus scrofa are the dominant species in the region.

The mammals have been further classified as river valley-terrace type and forest type.

* River valley-terrace type: There are 23 species of this type, accounting for 30.7% of the total in the area affected. The small mammals are dominant. * Forest type: The species structure is complicated.

Important mammals

Important mammals refer to those included in the national protection list. According to the field survey, the typical vertebrates are Neofelis nebulosa, Muntiacus crinifrons, Capricornissumatraensis and Cervus nippon once was active and today still have signs of activity in the affected area.

Neofelis nebulosa

Neofelis nebulosa belongs to Felidae. It is an animal under the Class I protection at national level. It

33 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA originally lives in the southern province to Yangtzi River, and Shanxi Province, Gansu Province and Taiwan Province. The body weight of an average sized Neofelis nebulosa is 15-20 kg, and body length is 1 m, smaller than leopard (refer to photo)

The Neofelis nebulosa has the nocturnal habit. It lives in the evergreen broad-leaf forest. It is more adroit in trees than on ground. It copulates in night, pregnant for 90 days, each time 2-4 fetuses. The area of activity of individual Neofelis nebulosais 10 km. There is overlapping of the activity area between Neofelis nebulosas. The activity route is regular.

It preys on bird, squirrel and monkey on the trees at night, and also prey on rabbit and deer. Based on the stomach analysis of four dead Neofelis nebulosais, the major food is bird, rabbit and deer. According to the stomach analysis of Neofelis nebulosa in Jiangxi Province, the rabbit accounts for 57.2%, squirrel, deer and fox accounts for 14.3% respectively.

The Neofelis nebulosa is distributed in 14 counties of Anhui province's south mountainous area. It is believed that the best activity area of Neofelis nebulosa is 2770 kM2, and the normal activity area is 650 km2. Therefore the quantity of Neofelis nebulosais estimated to be 117.

The peripheral area of Shilishan Natural Reserve is the edge of the activity area of Neofelis nebulosa. The peripheral area of Huangshan Landscape Showplace is the normal activity area of Neofelis nebulosa. The distribution map of Neofelis nebulosa in 2000 is shown in Figure 4-3-4-1. During the field survey, the local people reported that the Neofelis nebulosa can be seen in Shimenjian of Shitai County, Dabao Village and Jiao Village of Huangshan District, and the Huangshan Showplace in the recent 2 years.

The newspaper occasionally reports the presence of Neofelis nebulosa, details are included in Appendix 7.

Neofelis nebulosa is the climax sarcophile in the forest ecosystem in the south mountainous area. It gradually migrates from the deep mountain to low relief and villages. In day time, it often hides on the road side to prey on animals. That maybe related to the damage of food chain or the over-growth of the Neofelis nebulosa population.

Muntiacus crinifrons

Muntiacus crinifrons is the animal under the Class I protection at national level. It originally lives in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. Muntiacus crinifrons is unique in China. The body length of Muntiacus crinifrons is 100-110 cm, the height of willer is 60 cm, and the body weight is 21-26 kg (refer to photo).

Muntiacus crinifrons lives in mountainous forest, most move around alone. It always looks for food in the same area. The fresh leaf and branch of arbor and shrub are the major food source. The reproduction period is variable, the pregnant period is 6 months, each time 1 fetus.

The food is branch, fruit and seed of plant. There are 60 species of plants could provide the food for Muntiacus crinifrons. The nuts fell on ground are the primary food for Muntiacus crinifrons during autumn

34 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA and winter the south mountainous area. It also eats Puerarialobata,~ Rubus sumatranus, Actinidia chinensis, Hemerocallis sp.; in the mountainous region of Jiangxi Province, it eatsRhododendron ovatum,~Itea chinensis var oblorga, Kadsura Longipedunculata,. Veronicastrum villosulum. Muntiacus crinifrons always approach the small plots of farmland for food. And often come to the same plot of farmland.

The natural enemy of Muntiacus crinifrons is camivora animal, such as jackal, Neofelis nebulosa and stoat

Muntiacus crinifrons lives in the evergreen broad-leaf forest and the mixing deciduous and evergreen broad-leaf forest above 600-1200 m elevation. The secondary shrub and secondary deciduous broad-leaf forest also are the habitant of Muntiacus crinifrons when rarely interfered by human activity.

Muntiacus criniftons distribute in 12 counties in the south Anhui mountainous area. It is reported that the best activity area of Muntiacus crinifrons in the south mountainous area has been divided into 5 separate segments, with the total area of 4420 km2 according to a special study in year 2000. Within these areas, there live about 2000 Muntiacus criniftons.

The road sections from Shaji to Taipinghu Lake bridge, the peripheral area of shilishan Natural Reserve and the peripheral area of Huangshan Landscape Showplace are the normal activity area of Muntiacus criniftons. The distribution map of Muntiacus crinifrons in 2000 is shown in Figure 4-3-4-1. It is reported that Muntiacus crinifrons appeared in this area in recent two years.

Capricornis sumatraensis

Capricomnis sumatraensis belongs to Bovidae. It is protected at national class 2, living in the northwest, southwest, Huangdong, Huangnan and Huazhong regions. They look like goat, with the body weight of 60-90 kg (refer to photo). They animals live in the rock cliff of high mountains or steep forest land. It lives in individual or small group. It copulates in autumn, pregnant for 7-8 months, each time I or 2 fetus.

It is reported that Muntiacus crinifrons appeared in the peripheral area of Shilioshan Natural Reserve in recent two years. Appendix 5 presents the report.

Cervus nippon

Cervus nippon belongs to Cervidae. It originally lives in the northeast, Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province. It is protected at the national Class I level. Cervus nippon is a medium deer, the body length is 140-170 cm. The willer height is 85-100 cm, and the adult is 100-150 kg , the female is relatively smaller (refer to photo).

Cervus nippon lives in the forest edge or mountain grassland. The habitat changes with seasons. The male live alone except the estrous period. It copulates from September to November, during which the males compete aggressively. The fetus is born in next April - June, each time 1 fetus.

Cervus nippon was over-hunted for its high economic value which jeopardized the population of Cervus nippon Under the artificial breeding, the population has recovered to hundreds of thousands.

35 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Cervus nippon currently lives in Jing County, Jingde, and Ningguo. A natural reserve zone at national level is planned to establishin the south mountainous area in 2005.

4.3.5 Assessment of Land Use and Reserved IFarmland

4.3.5.1 Current land Use

According to the stipulations for management of land use in China, the land uses are classified into eight categories: cultivated land, garden plot, forestland, grassland, residential land, industrial land, transportation land, water bodies and un-used land. The primary land uses involved in the HHT project are cultivated land, forest land, residential land, water bodies and transportation land.

Figure 4-3-5-1 presents an aerial photo of the project area and field mapping showing land uses.

The agricultural ecosystem in the area from riverside polder zones of Yangtzi River to the hinterland of hilly area is complicated. In broad term, land uses include cultivated land, forest land, and cash crop land. Among these lands, forest includes natural secondary forest and artificial woodland, and the cash crop is dominated by tea and mulberry. Table 4-3-5-1 shows the area and cultivated rate of cultivated land and cash crop land in each county along the project. Table 4-3-5-2 presents the area and coverage rate of forest land in the primary townships in Huangshan District and each county. Please as the TTH will go through Shitai county by only 2.9 km and thus have very limited impact to the land uses in the county, the land baseline and impact assessment this report do not include Shitai county.

Table 4-3-5-1 Area and cultivatedi rate of cultivated land and cash crop project area Total Cultivated area(hm2 Cultivated rate(%) Total rate Name area of Cultivated Tea Fruit Mulberry Cultivated Tee, fruit of land and cultivation (kmi2) land garden garden garden land mulberry (%) Tongling County 886 18338 168 288 370 20.70 0.93 21.63

Tountaof 1180.6 17226 3051 284 1198 14.59 2.84 17.43 county ______

Township 108.6 1376.9 208.4 19.3 12.2 12 68 2.21 14.89 Rongcheng 96.2 2590.7 240 8 30.3 77.8 26.93 3.63 30.56 Qingyang Township COunty Township 1085 1700 6 250.2 6 6 61 2 15.67 2.93 18.60

Lingyang 98.2 994.8 101.5 27.3 118 2 10.13 2.52 12 65 Township Shajii 49.3 993 8 85 3 47.1 40 0 20.16 3.50 23 66 TownshipI Huangshan Total of 1669 8032 3375 475 940 0.048 0.029 0.077 Dlstrict district Guangyang 18 197 0 74 3 0 0 109 0.043 0 152 Township Taipinghu 73 212.0 134 4 0.3 0.029 0.019 0.048 Township Gantang 103 1066.8 64 122 0 0.104 0.018 0.122

36 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Xianyuan 44 662.4 93 11 1 0.151 0 024 0 175 Township Sankou 60 770 5 159 3 0 0.128 0.027 0.155 Township Tanjiaqiao 105 543 0 120 27 7 0.052 0 015 0 067 Township Tangkou 129 83.0 537 1 0 0.006 0.042 0.048 FTownship Sum total 992.8 11191.5 2067 2 301.6 317 7 11.277 2.706 13 983 Source: " Brief statistics for of national economic and social development for 2000 in Tongling"; " Year book for Qingyang County, 1999"; "Statistics for national economic and social development of Huangshan District in 2000".

Table 4-3-5-2 Area and co verage rate of forest land in the primary townships in project area. Torfaulow(kTotalnd ia area of rate of forest forest area per Name of county Township Torealland population forestland coverage capita(hm2lcapita)

area(km2) (head) (km2) (%) ______Tongling County Total of county 886 00 341774 341 80 38.58 0.100 Total of county 1180 60 279415 542 65 45.96 0.194 Xinhe Township 111 17 17932 45.10 40.57 0 252 Rongcheng 100.81 65223 67.50 66.96 0.103 Qingyang Townshian County Yangtia 108.00 22000 36.00 33 33 0.164 Township Lingyang0.6 Township 103 65 11382 41 12 39.67 0.361 Shaji Township 54.10 9537 29.43 54.40 0.309 Total of district 1669.00 161826 1227.27 73.53 0.758 Guangyang 23 24 4138 18.65 80 25 0 451 Taipnghu 70 40 5165 61.48 87 33 1 190

HuangshanTow nship______Dustrict Gantang 10667 34237 66.47 6231 0.194 Xianyuan 44 00 11401 20 50 46 59 0.180 Sankou 62.02 9535 41.74 67 30 0.438 Tanjiagiao 118.18 8960 93 01 78 70 1.038 Tangkou 127 92 11497 120.43 94 14 1.047 Sumtotal 1030 16 211007 641.43 62.27 0.304 Source: " Brief statistics for of national economic and social development for 2000 in Tongling"; Qingyang County Forestry Bureau; Huangshan District Forestry Bureau.

In summary, land uses in the project may be characterized as follows:

* The cultivated land area is small, so is the area for mulberry, fruit and tea. The rate of cultivated land in each township of Tongling and Qingyang Counties is more than 10%. The highest rate of cultivated land is in Rongcheng Township, 26.93%, and the total cultivated rate is also the highest, is 30.56%. The proportion of cultivated land in each townships of Husngshan District is very low, less than 0.2%. The lowest proportion is in Tangkou Township, about 0.006%, and the total cultivated rate is the lowest at 0.048%. It is determined that the agriculture mounts high weight in Tongliang and Qingyang Counties, and slight in Huangshan District. * The woodland is large, accounting for more than 30% in each townships along the project. The coverage of woodland increases as with the proposed TTH extends toward the south. In all of the townships, except Rongcheng, in Tongling and Qingyang, the forest coverage rate is less than 60%. And in all of

37 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

the townships, except Xianyuan in Huangshan district, the forest coverage rate is more than 60%. The largest rate of forest coverage is in Tangkou Township, is 94.14%. Clearly, forestry dominates in Huangshan District. o Large plots of cultivated land spreads in the north section of Qiugang and Polder zone. But in the south section, the farmland spreads in terms of small plot in the valley plain, or distributes along mountain trench.

4.3.5.2 Reserved Farmland

Table 4-3-5-4 presents the current farmland area, reserved farmland area and their proportion in the total farmland area. It is shown in the table that, the highest proportion of reserved farmland is 89% (in Sankou Township of Huangshan District), and the lowest proportion is 80.10% (in Rongcheng Township of Qingyang County).

Table 4-3-5-4 Summa y of Reserved Farmland _ Name of area Area of current farmland Area of reserved farmland Proportion of reserved (hm2) (hm2) farmland (%) Total of 18338.00 15587.30 85.00 county Tongling Xinjian 767.76 652.60 85 00 County Township Dongdian 1483.00 1261 00 85 03 Township Total of 31207.6 26526.50 85.00 county Xinhe 2028.88 1769 38 87.21 Township Rongcheng 2177.08 1743.84 80.10 Qingyang Township County Yangtian 2133.71 1862.73 87.30 Township LTogyang 2030.27 1754.56 86 42 Township Shaji 1674 69 1462.25 87.42 Township Total of 13680.87 11998.2 87 70 county Guanyang 290.06 246 55 85.00 Township Taipinghu 322 09 273.78 85.00 Township Gantang 1861.07 1581 91 85.00 Huangshan Township District Xianyuan 1290 96 1136.04 88.00 Township Sankou 1073.54 955.45 89.00 Township Tanjiaqiao 754 61 664 06 88.00 Township Tangkou 156.33 132.88 85.00 Township Source: Reports from Tongling County Forestry Bureau. Qingyang County Forestry Bureau and Huangshan District Forestry Bureau.

38 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.3.6 Summary of Ecosystem Baseline

Based on the above investigations and assessment, it may be summarized that the ecosystem in the assessment and the peripheral areas is of a high quality. The good quality may be reflected in the following aspects:

* The three sections, Jiuhuanshan Mountains, Shilishan Mountains and Huangshan Mountains, are rich in wildlife species. According to the diversity and abundance indicators defined in the Index System Study for Bio-diversity, the diversity of wildlife species in Jiuhuashan Mountains and Huangshan Mountains is Class B and abundance of species is Class A. There are project area enjoys a high level of bio-diversity. * The vegetation coverage of forestland has been classified into artificially planted woodland, secondary growth forest, bamboo grove, shrub and tea gardens. Sample land investigation has been conducted on artificial woodland, secondary forest and bamboo grove. The coverage rate of shrub and glass is found to be over 95%. A Cephalotaxus sinensis, which is a state level Class I protection species plant, was found in the sample land of mixing evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf forest in Sukeng Village of Shancha. No other plant species under national protection list has been found however. Although the community of species under the national protection level has not been found, there probably is some precious plants protected at national level in the area, they are Cereidiphyllumjaponica, Emmenopterys henryi,, Liriodendron chinensis., Pseudolarix kaempferi., Pseudotsuga gaussenii, Sinojackia xylocarpa, Monimopetalum chinens., Kirengeshoma palmate, Magnolia officiinalis subsp, Ormosia hosiei, Cephalotaxus sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora. * The wild vertebrate animals in the assessment area are: 8 species of amphibian, 15 species of reptile, 85 species of bird, 72 species of mammals. The wild animals in the inventory for protection at national level found in the area are: giant salamander (Class 2), Syrmaticus ellioti (Class 1), glede (Class 2), Falco tinnunculus (Class 2), Cygnus columbianus(Class2). Tragopan temminckii (Class 2), Syrmaticus reevesii (Class 2). Neofelis nebulosa (Class 1)> Muntiacus crinifrons (Class 1)> macaque (Class 2), Macaca thibetana (Class 2). pangolin (Class 2), zibet (Class 2), Viverricula indica (Class 2). jackal (Class 2). Capricornis sumatraensis (Class 2) and otter (Class 2). And there are some wild animals included in the inventory for protection at provincial level. * The land uses within the assessment area include cultivated land, forest land, water bodies, gardens, residential land, industrial land and transportation land. The proportion of forestland is the highest among all land in the project area.

4.4 Acoustic Quality Assessment

4.4.1 Survey of Sensitive Receptors within the Assessment Scope

Based on site surveys during the EA and preliminary design, 71 noise sensitive receptors along the preferred alignment (including the connection roads) have been identified, including five schools and two seniors houses and villages closely located to the proposed highway alignment. Details of these sensitive receptors are presented in Table 4-4-1 (villages), Table 4.4-2 (schools) and Table 4-4-3 (seniors houses), respectively. The locations of those sensitive receptors are shown in Figure 4-4-1.

39 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Table 4-4-lAcoustic Environmental Protection Target al ng the Prop sed Road (village) No Distance Differential No. of households, Building Name location central line Deight (fme ) No. of people orientation Remark of road (m) First row households and people Small village, sparsely located, mixed orientation, the proposed K78+130 About 20 households, road will cross the east part of the village involving excavation 80 people .. and filling, about 9 households to be resettled. There will be 5 K78+250 to the west 5 household and 20 people in the households at the first row near the road including 2 households row are 60 m from the road, the remaining households are far from the road K78+900 Cross the About 80households, 320people/ A big village spreading along the S103 and S322, located at the 2 Zhufan K + target, 10 households, 0people mixed intersection of the road. There will be a fly-over over this K79+400 40-200 15ihouseholds, 60people section. K79+950 To the A village spreading sparsely to the southwest of the road, with 3 Shenglongsouthwest of About 18households, 72 people mixed mixed orientation, there are 4 households at the first row near K80+100 the road 4 household, 16 people the road with the nearest houshold 70 m from the road. Residential

blongdian K83+600 To the east of Aot2huhod,8rpe/ 4 Docka Obliquely A residential block orderly construction along the west ofSI03, the road, 3 About 20households, 80prople/ opposite to obliquely opposite to the proposed road, some resettlement will Township K83+650 40m 5household, 20people the o be involved. After resettlement there will be 5 households at the Developme firest row near the road and 40 m from the road. nt Zone A elatively large village with most of the houses between S 103 K84+100 The road will About 80household, 320people/ Opposite or and the proposed road, with good vegitation cover. Many 5 - Panlong cross the 4 A thousehold 68people back to the resettlement will be involved. Most of the houses back to the K84+300 section 15household, 68people road road but with windows. There are 15 households at the first row near the road, with 8 households 40 m from the road. K84+900 To the south About 20households, 80people/ Obliquely A village spreading aslong the south of the road, obliquely 6 Fengshu -of the road, -4 Aot2hueld,8ppe/ opposite to opposite to the road. There will be some resettlement. After K856000Fengshu oftheroad,-47households, 30people tero resettlement, there will be 7 households at the first row near the K85+000______6 8teoroad, with 5 households 60 m from the road. K85+700 To the north About 30 households, 120people/ Obliquely A village concentrated on the north of the road. A fly-over will 7 Xiaowei ~ of the road, 7 8households, about 35people opposite to over this section. There will be 8 households at the first row and K85+800 30-80m (3householads 3040m from the the road 3 households 30-40 m from the road.

40 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

No' Distance Differential No. of households, Building Name location central line Deiffretial No. of people oinainRmr of road (m) First row households and people K87+060 The road will . K+ Zhaolingcross this About 50 households, 200 people/ Obliquely The propose road will cross the center of the village. There will 8 Zhaoing K87+100 section, -3 4households, 16people the road be 4 households at the first row, 30 m from the road.

K87+200 The road will Obliquely A village fromed by two concentrated portions. It is between 9 Hamaling cross this 4 About 20 households, 80people/ back to the S103 and the proposed road. There will be 8 households to be K87+380 section, 5 households, 20 people road resettled. After resettlement, there will be 5 households at the 30-50m first row 30-50 m from the road A village sparsely spreading along the west of the road. K95+600 The road will About 25 households, 100people/ Obliquely Resettlement will be involved. There will be 5 households at the 10 Baimatang corss the edge 2 5households, 20 people opposite to first row with 3 households 40 m from the road, and the K95+800 of the section s 2 P the road remaining 2 households are 60 m from the road There are no windows facing the road A village located at the Qingshan Tunnel. The road will cross K96+250 The road will 20 households, 80 people/ Obiquely the centre of village. Resettlement will be involved. After K96+300 section 04households, 86people opposite to resettlement, there will be 4households at the first row40 m 11Qing6h300 cos this1 hushls lpol the road frmterafrom the road

No 2 Group K97+100 The road will A large village, major resettlement will be involved. After 12 of Tuanjie cross ths +4/-4 About 40households, 160 people/ mixed resettlement, there will be 15 households at the first row, Village K97+400 section 15 housemols, 6 people 30-100 m from the road, with 6 households 30 m from the road.

No. 9 Group K97+750 The road will A village sparsely spread along the road. Some resettlement will 13 of Tuanjie ~ cross this 7 About 30 households, 120 people/ m!xed be involed. After resettlement, there will be 16 households at V1llage K98+200 section 16 households, 64 people the first row, 40-100 m from the road. There will be 9 40- 100 m households less than 50 m from the road K 100+200 To the 14 Guangrong - northeast of 6 About 35 households, 140 people/ O!osite A village located along the road. There are 13 households at the Village K100+400 the road About 13 households, 52 people first row facing the road, 70 -100 m from the road. 70- 100m A village consisting of 3 protions The road will cross the No. I Group K102+000 Thcross this -4/ About 80 households, 320 people/ central line of the village, resulting many resettlement. After 15 of Heping - mixed resettlement there will be 22 households at the first row, 30-140 Village K 102+600 section 4 22 households, 88 people m from the road, including 10 households less than 60 m from 30-140 m the road

No. 14 K 103+300 To the Obliquely There will be 9 households at the first row facing the road, 16 Group of + northeast of 4 About 15 households, 60 people/ opposite the 40-200 m from the road, with 5 households less than 100 m Guangrong K103+400 the road 9 households, 35 people road from the road Village 40-200 m

41 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA No Distance No. of households, Building Name location central line Differential No. of people orildin Remark of road (m) height (m) First row households and people orientation No. 6 Group K103+550 The road will of cross this About 20 households, 80 people/! A village consisting of two part. There will be 7 households at Guangrong K103+650 section 7 households, 28people the first row facing the road, 30-80 m from the road. Village

K 105+250 The road will Obl A large village spread the rad. The road will divide the village K1058250Wlu cross this About 80 households, 320 people/ Oliquey into two parts. The section K105+250-K105+300is the road 18Wolidui 105450 section 48opsthe toa embankment. There will be 10 households at the first row K105+450 30- 100 the road facing the road embankment, 30-100 m from the road. K106+000 The road will A large village sparsely distributes along the road. The road will 19 Malong cross this -4/-8 About 80 households, 320 people/ mixed divide the village into two parts. There will be 5 households at K106+300 section About 16 households, 64 people the first row to the eat of the road, and 11 households at the first K______106+300______road to the west of the road.

20 Tianban K 106+400 the road. o About 50 households, 200 people! K106+5 the0oad. About 3 households, 12 people Oppositethe road to There will be 3 households at the first row, 30 m from the road.

A large village consisting of two parts at the aouth and north K107+700 The road will 6/ About 100 households, 400 people/ respectively, The road will cross the dividing line of the two 21 Luochong cross this 6 26 households, 100people mixed parts with many resettlement involved. There will be 9 K108+800 section -8 households at the first row, 30 -70 m from the road. These- households are located with K108+000-K108+200. KlII+100 The road willObiul 22 Zu Village K11cross the west 2 About 50 households, 200 people/ oppositethe After resettlement, there will be 16 households at the first row, 22 Zu140 Villaedge of the 16 households, 64 people o50 m from the road. KI+400 road50mfromvillageth A village consisting of two parts both of which are located to The road will the east of S 103. The west part is loacted between S 103 and the K111+900 The roadthis About 50 households 200 people/ Obliquely proposed road, there will be 7 households near the road, 60-120 23 Nanpu c t 3 , opposite the m from the road. The east part is located to the easr of S103 and K112+300 section 12 households, 50 people road the proposed road, involving some resettlcment. After resettlement, there will be 5 households at the first row, 40-60 ______m from the road. A large village to the east of S 103, consiting of two parts. The K116+100 The road will Olqey proposed road run through the dividing line of the two parts. 24 Jingtianzu cross this 6 About 100 households, 400 people/ oppositethe The north part is back to the road, with windows facing the 24K 116+500 Imgtlanzu section 39 households, about 160 people road road. There will be 25 households at the first row, 60-200 m from the road. AT the south part, there will be 14 households facing the raod, 30-60 m from the road.

42 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA No Distance . No. of households, Building Name location central line Differental No. of people orieti Remark of road (m) height Cm) First row households and people orientation K 117+000 Cross the east A village concnetrated on the east of the road. After 25 Gongqiao K edge of this -4/-6 About 40 households, 160 people/ Back to the resettlement, there will be 10 households at the first row, 30 -40 K 11G7+200 section 10 households, 40 people road M FROM THE ROAD These houses will be back to the road with windows facing the road K117+300 To the east of About 30 households, 120 people/ Obliquely A village intersects with the road. This section will be deeply 26 Pingqiao - the road -3--8 3 households, 12 people back to the excavated The village will be behind the ditch. K117+500 30-100m road K117+600 The road will Some resettlement will be involved After resettlement, there 27 Sanqiao Cross the west 4-1 About 9 households 36 people face will be 9 households at the first row facing the road, 30-40 m K117+800edge of this About 9households, 36 people face the road from the road section A village nerrowly spreads along the two sides of the S 103, the K1I 18+450 To the east of 2-6/ About 60 households, 240 prople/ Back to the proposed road be very close to S103 at this section, about 28 Dongpu - the road, and -4 About 20 households, 80 people road 80-100 m. The houses at the west of S 103 are adjacent to the K I118+800 west to SI103 -4Aot2 oshls 0pol odroad. There are 20 households at the first row, 30-80 m from the road, including 3 households near the road embankment K121+900 The road will A village narrowly spreading between S103 and the proposed 29Wuji 29 Wuj Ir ~~~~~~~crossedge theof thiseast -6---10 AboutAbout 35 8 households,households, 32140 peoplepeople! Backroad to the Avlaenrolroad The road and pednS103 is 60'80ewe m from13adtepooe each other at this K122+200 edgecof this -10 About 8 households, 32 people road section. Some houses are within the acoustic shadow. ______~~~section K120+480 To the west of 20 households, 80 people/ Obliquely A small village There are 6 households at the first row, 70 m 30 Shuwu -0fcn h K120+540 the road, 70 m 6 households, 20 people road from the road, without windows facing the road

Yuanqiao K124+800 To the east of 6' 25 households, 100 prople/ Obliquely Avillage located between S103 and the proposed road This 31 Village the road, -16 10 households, 40 people back to the village is within the acoustic shadow K124+900 70- 11l0 m -16_10_households,_40peopleroad K124+980 The road will 32 Ningchong cross the west 10 30 households, 120 people/ Facing the Some resettlement will be involved, after resettlement, there K125+050 edge of this 8 households, 32 people road will be 8 households at the first row, 40-80 m from the road section K125+300 The road will A village located at the west of the proposed road and S 103 33 Shicucross the west 0 About 80 households, 320 people/ d S103 is very close to the proposed road at this section, about 33 Shicun K125+600 edge of this 7-1 25 households, 200 people mixe 20-30 m, After resettlement, there will be 25 households at the section first row. K126+800 The road will A village located between S103 and the proposed road After 34 Wu Village cross the east 4/ About 45 households, 180 people/ Back to the resettlement, there will be 12 households at the first row, 30-80 K127+000 edge of this -12 12 households, 48 people road m from the road, including 3 households near the road section embankment

43 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA No Distance . No. of households, Name location Building central line Differental No. of people orientation Remark of road (m) First row households and people A village located between S 103 and the proposed road. After K128+200 The road will resettlement, there will be 12 households remain, including 6 35 Jicshiting ~~edge of this About 26households, 0 Jieshiting 128+550 cross the west 58 epe Backtdh households at the east of SI103, far away from the road, 14 2househods a households will be located between S103 and the road, and Ksection 128+550 would be severely impacted. A large village concnentrated K130+250 TO the west of Obliquely on the west of the road. The K130+250iTo the westdof About 70 households, 280 people/ Obhe roadbed is flat 36 Xuqiao . the road 2 and 2 m high. There will be 11 households at the 11 households, 44 people facing the first row sparsely spreading along the west side of the road, K130+420 80_120 m road 80-120 m from the road. The road will A large village concentrated on the west of the road. Some K131+350 cross the west Obliquely resettlement will be involved. After resettlement, there will be 37 Xiaxi edge of this 2/-8 About 120 households, 480 people facing the 18 households at the first row, 30-70 m from the road. K131+720 section, 30t About 18 households, 95 people road KI31+550-KI31+720is the road bed, 9 households will direct 70 m facing this roadbed. K 132+550 To the east of About 40 households, 160 people/ Obliquely Some resettlement will be involbed. After resettlement, 38 Yuetang K the road, 6 thee 5 households, 20 people facing will be 5 households at the first row, 3090 m form the road. ______K132+700 30-90 m ______roadwilb5hosodsatefrtrw,090momtera. Qiaotouwan K133+600 To the east of About 25 households, 100 people/ Obliquely Some resettlement will be involbed. After resettlement, thee 39K 33+720 40-80m About 8 households, 35 people froad will be 8 households at the first row, 40-80 m form the road. K135+500 The road will -14- S325 will intersect with the proposed road for two times at this About 20 households, 80 people/ Direct facing section. This village spreads at the two sides of S325. After 40 Taling K- cross this -8 About 9 households, 36 people the road resettlement, there will be 9 households at the first row, 30-50 K135+650 section m from the road.

No. 5 Group K136+400 To the east of This village sparsely spreads at the east of S325. The proposed About 20 households, 80 people/ Direct facing road is very close to S325 and there will be an intersection. This 41 of Yangmei K the road, 4 About 9 households. 36 people the road section will be acoustically impacted by both the proposed road Village K136+600 70-180 m and S325. Pingtan K136+850 The road will A large village located at the west of S325 which is largely Village of cross the west About 80 households, 320 people/ . covered by treesand grss. The houses are surrounded by 42 Yangmei edge of this -4 About 22 households, 90 people mixed luxuriant trees. The proposed raod is 80-120 m to the east of Village section S325. This village is between the two roads. To the west of Qianshan of K137+600 the proposed About 20 households, 80 people/ Direct facing S325 is 20-30 m to the west of the proposed road. This village 43 Yangmei road after 2-6 10 households, 40 people th e propsoed spreads at the west of S325, with good vegitation coverage. Village K137+700 resettlement. road 30-40 m

44 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

No Distance DifrnilNo. of households, Building Name location central line Differential No. of people Remark ______of road (m) First row households and people orientation

Nan'an o fK147+600the About 35 households 140 people/ Back to the The roadbed at this section consists of various types including 44 Villagean ofe About 35households, 10people! Bac excavation and fly-over There will be 5 households at the first Village K1770 proposed road 5 households, 20 people road o,3~0mfo h rpsdra K 147+700 30_50 row, 30-50 m from the proposed road K149+380 The proposed Obliquely This road section is high filled. The proposed road will cross the 5 Gumang road will About 35 households, 140 people! facing the south edge of this village. After resettlement, there will be 5 Village K149+550 cross the edge About 5 households, 20 people road households at the first row, 30-60 m from the road. of this section

46 Taipinghu K149+640 Tofthe norod About 80 households, 340 people/ Most of the houses are bungalow. There are 13 households at Township K149+950 40 50 13 households, 60 peoplemixed the first row, 40-150 m from the road. To the north K150+200 of the The proposed road will be constructed on hills, and the village 47 Shangpo proposed 10-20 About 60 households, 240 people! Back to the is locatedat at plat ground There are 12 households at the first K150+700 road, row, 50-120 m from the proposed road. 50-120 m K152600 The proposed This village spreads at the narrow valley plain. The proposed 48 Xinling road will About 50 households, 200 epople/ d road will be constructed at the hill side After resettlement, there 48K153+100 Xmmg crioss this About 9 households, 36 people will be 9 households at the first row, 30 m from the proposed section road. To the south Huangnixia K 160+400 of th A small village located at the bottom of hills, and the proposed 49ng Group of t 8propof About 20households, 80 people/ Back to the road will be constructed at the hill side. There are 6 households 49 Fenghuang K160+500 road, About 6 housheolds, 24 people road at the first row, back to the road, and 6 m lower than the ground Vilage 40 m elevation of the road To the south K 163+950 of th About 20 households, 80 people/ A small village with the latout taking on triangular. A fly-over 50 Oujiachong - eproposed 8 About 6 households, 24 people mixed will cross the north of the village on the road, there will be 6 K164+050 road, , households at the first row, 70-90 m from the road 70-90 m To the north K164+620 of the Obliquely There are 14 households at the first row, 50-200 m from the 51 Shilipai proposed 8 About 50 households, 200 people facing the proposed road, including 3 households less than 60 m from the K 164+800 road, About 14 households, 56 people road road.

45 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

No. Distance DifrnilNo. of households, Building Name location central line Deghetia) No. of people orientation Remark of road (m) First row households and people o K168_350 The road will After resettlement, all of the village will be located at the east of Shatan Kl68+350 cross the east About 30 households, 120 people/ d the road. There will be 9 households at the first row, including 4 52 Village K168+480 edge of the 2 About 9 households, 36 people mixe households 60 m from the road, and 5 households 160 m from villaje the road. The road will

Songshu K168+720 cross the east 11/ About 60 households, 240 people/ Obliquely After resettlement, there will be 8 households at the first row, 53 Vilage edge of the 10 About 16 hosueholds, 64 people facing the Vilage K 169+050 village ra 60-100 m from the road.

ZK173+100 To the north About 15 households, 60 people/ Obliquely There will be a tunnel. After resettlement, there will be 4 54 Bandengtou of the road About households 6 people facing the households at the first row, 25- 90 m from the road, including 2 ZK173+180 25--90 m Aot4hueld,1poleroad households 25 m and 2 households 90 m from the road. K176+950 The road will After resettlement, there will be 22 households at the first row, 55 Shangfang cross the 2 About 40 households, 160 people/ Direct facing 40-100 m from the road, including 3 households 40 m and 15 Village K177+400 north edge of About 22 households, 88 people the road households 60 m from the road. the village K178+780The roaAbut60houehlds 20ipope! Obliquely A large village loacted at the submountane -56 area, the road will Jiangjia K + cross this 5 About 60 households, 240 people/ facing the cross the east edge of the village. After resettlement, there will K179+060 section About II households, 44 people road be ll households at the first row, 30-40 m from the road. Huangbangl K181+300 To the west of About 25 households, 100 people/ Obliquely There will be 7 households at the first row, 30-80 m from the 57 ing K181+400 30t 80 , 6 About 7 households, 28 people road road, including 4 households 30 m from the road. Shangchako K182+600 To the east of About 20 households, 80 people/ Obliquely The village is located between S 103 and the proposed road. 58 u K +the road, 6 About 2 households, 32 people facing the There will be 8 households at the first row, 30 m from the road. K182+750 30m ______road K 182+800 To the east of About 25 households, 100 people/ Obliquely There will be 9 households at the first row, 30 -60 m from the 59 Chalukou - the road, 6 About 9 households, 36 people facing the K182+950 30-60 m road road. Taolin K185+430 The road will About 20 households, 80 people/ Obliquely After resettlement, there will be 3 households at the first row, 30 60 V e - cross the edge 7 3 households 12 people facing the -40 m from the road. Village K 185+520 of this village About road3_households,_12_people_road_40_m_from_theroad. K192+400 To the north Abu 0hueod,20pol/ Bc ote A village spreads along the proposed road. After resettlement; 61 Yangjiaping - of the road, 12 About 50 households, 200 people Backtothe there will be 20 households at the first row, 30-40 m from the K 192+850 30-40 m Aot2hoshls80pperodroad. K194+050 To the west of About 30 households, 120 people/ Back to the After resettlement, there will be 16 households at the first row, 62KHedong 9 the road About 16 households, 64 people road 30-40 m from the road. K 194+240 ______46

46 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

No Distance Differential No. of households, Building Name location central line height im) No. of people orientation Remark of road (m) First row households and people Gantang Village on the hill foot with about 40 households, randomly 63 Wanlishan north 20-60 m to 0 9 households, 36 people! Directly face oriented Among them nine face directly to the connection road, connecting the north 40 households, 160 people five within 40 m and four within 60 m

Gantang 64 Yuhe north 20-70 m to 2 12 households, 48 people Directly face Rows of houses roughly parallel with the connecting road. Total connecting the north 30 households, 120 people 30 households with 12 on the first row and six within 40 m. road I I

Table 4-4-2Acoustic Environmental Protection Target along the Proposed Road (school) No of households No Name Location Distance road Differential No of people Building Remark center (m) height (m) No of households and orientation people at the first row To the east of the road, the Dondian K82+850- wall is 40 from 400 students, The school was found in Nov. 1999 funded by the donation from the I Primary K82+900 the road and the 6 20 teachers, Back to the road staff of the State Education Ministry. The construction area is 1125m 2 School school building no dormitory it is located to the east of the road, with windows direct facing the road is 50 m from the road To the west of the road, the Hongshan K95+580- wall is 40-60 m 10 teachers, 200 Obliquely facing There are 2 2-stiry buildings and 2 bungalows, without windows direct 2 Primary K95+620 from the road 2 students the road facing the road. School and the school building is 60 m from the road To the west of Xinzhong ~~~~theroad, the Village K106+200 wall Is 60180 m I1 teachers, 2 10 The teaching building is back to the road, but with window facing the Prmayfrom the road 3Bc otera Prary K106+250 and the school School building is 90 m from the road

47 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA No of households No Name Location Distance road Differential No of people Building Remark center (m) height (m) No of households and orientation people at the first row Dongpu To the east of 4 Primary Kl 16+400 the proposed 5 7 teachers, 160 students Obliquely facing The nearest classroom is 70 m from the road. The teaching building is School VV road, '"" the road obliquely facing the road, but without windows facing the road. School 60mm ______6

Fenliu To the east of 5 Primary K123+650 the proposed -10 7 teachers, 180 students Obliquely facing The primary is located to the west of S103 and east to the proposed School road, the road road. The school is within the acoustic shadow. 60m I

Table 4-4-3 Acoustic Environmental Protection Target along the Proposed Road (Seniors Houses) Distance from No of households No Name Location the central line Differential No of people Building . aen ofroad(m; height (m) No of households and people orientation Remark at the first row Shaji The road will 25 old people, 3 bungalows, Direct facing The proposed road will cross the rest home site, two bungalows I Township rest K135+500 cross the rest 2 and 3 2-stody buildings. the road and one 2-story building will be demolished. home home Sankou TthsohofObliquely Thprpsdrawilpsthstefo90n,heousae 2 Village Rest K172+500 t 20 old people acn g the 100-120 m from the road.

48 Xinzhong Village Primary School Shaji Township Resthome

pr - -^>

Pingtan Group of Yangmei Village Hongshan Primary School

Xiaxi Hedong

Sensitive Spots (1)

.I7rE 'U''S

r.1 par .7ILl -. <:-l

,_ . _,9 V- .. L. , , -. Dongdian Primary School Xinzhong Village Malong Group

Residential Block at Xuqiao Village Dongdian Township Development Zone

1'~~~~~~~~~~ __.______-< *

Shilipai Zhaoling

Sensitive Spots (2)

Dongdian Town

Xinhe Town

1415

C(0) 84 ®3 .K(i) 10( (i) Q _ 5 (31 KBO RJ<~~~~~(D 00D0A30

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®@ K105®2I_ ® a® I CTaipig LakkgindcTp 45.4/38.4 ~ ~ I 347.5/39.1 @©

tangng County fvg 4Qingyang County ® 24-hour Continuous Spots 54.2/41.7 *I!> (®) NO2:;0010/-0.010 X * TSP:_ 0.100-0.140'- \ \85

35

) Lingyang Town Shaji Town

JiuliuaishanjLandscapeSopaeZn 58.1/39.0 (J~~~~~~~~~~~~iuhuas'hanNationlFrs ak -' - ( !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 49937. Xianyuan Town ®

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Taiping Lake Town E

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:~~~ ____ ~aijiaqiao Town Saei 1:1_ a _

. 6~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~' Scl :5001

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Re_S1011sultof Dayligt/ Aousti Monitodn_Sp Avrg Moiorn 0.013-0.026/O.Oli}0.0222)\ \ D ~ ~ s.s_ o 1 6-D 167< V &_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)tAvrg MonitoringRsul of_*Nih dBA))_^_

MoritGringResult/ \~~~~~~~~~~~topri Montrn KSopts N02Hor. Avrg

4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~alAveag Montoring Re.~sult__ _ ._g 1_ \~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~ae Moiorn Spots TS:Dil Avrg Conenraio

SestvRcpor and Moitoring Spt s~ ~~~~~~~~a 4-- Locaion ofF_

Zhufan K78+900-K79+400 Dongjiadian Primary School K82+850-k82+900

Hongshan Primary School K95+580-K95+620 The 4th Group Guangrong Village K101+000-K101+100

i _

Xinzhong Viliage Primary School K106+200-K106+250 Zu Viliage K111+100-K111+400

* Noise Monitoring Spots * Water Monitoring Sports

Map 4-4-2 LocationMap of the Mornitoring Spots (1)

Wu Village K126+800-K127+000 Lingyangxiaxi Village K131+350-K131+720

Pingtancun Group of Yangmei Village K136+850-K137+300 Nanan Village K147+600-K147+700

Songshu Village K168+720-K169+050 Sancha Village K182+600-K182+750

.* Noise Mornitoring Spots

* Air Mornitoring Spots

?r. Ur * Water Mornitoring Spots

Shanchahedong Village K194+050-K194+240

Map 4-4-2 LocationMap of the Mornitoring Spots (2)

Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.4.2 Locations of monitoring points Based on the principle of using representative sites to cover the whole alignment, 13 monitoring points have been selected for noise baseline monitoring from villages and schools located in different road sections and different topography. Among the monitoring station, the Dongdian primary school also included sectional noise monitoring of noise from SI 03 and Wucun village had a 24-hour continued noise monitoring. The detailed description of the monitoring points is given in Table 4-4-4, the layout of the monitoring points are shown in Figure 4-4-3 and the location of the monitoring points is shown in Figure 4-4-2.

Table 4-4-4 Layout of monitoring points for acoustic environment Distance from the No N . Nameo of monitoring proposed Environmental features of Road points expressway central monitoring points Section line (im) I K78+900- Zhufan 60 Sparse villages along the S103 K79+400 ______A typical school on the north 2 K82+850- Dongdian Primary 40 section of the proposed road, K82+900 School affected by the noise ansing from .______the traffic on S 103. 3 K95+580- Hongshan Primary 60 A typical school on the proposed K95+620 School road K101+000- No. 4 villagers' group A typical village along the proposed Plain with K101+100 of Guangrong Village 40 road slight hills K106+200- Xinzhong Village A typical school on the proposed K106+250 Primary School 90 road 6 K1 11+100- Zu Village 50 A typical village along the proposed K11I+400 road 7 K126+800- Wu Village 30 A typical village between the K127+000 existing S103 and the proposed road 8 K131+350- Lingyangxiaxi Village 30 A typical village along the proposed k131+720 ______road 9 K136+850- Group of Yangmer 30 A typical village on the proposed K137+300 Go ofage road and near S325 Village ______10 K 147+600- Nan'an Village 30 Atypical village along the proposed K 147+700 Nan'an V__lage 30 road Mountenous _1 K169+705K168+050 Songshuogh Villageilg0 30 A typical villageroad along the proposed highregion hilly K 182+600- A typical village between the 12 K182+750 Sanchakou 30 existing S103 and the proposed road r13 K194+050- Shanchahedong 30 A typical village at the end of the 13 K194+240 Shnhhdn 0proposed road

4.4.3 Monitoring Method and Timing

According to the "Monitoring Method for Environmental Noise in Urban Area" (GB/T14623-93), a monitoring program has been developed by Anhui Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center for these pre-identified monitoring points from July 9 to 11, 2002. At each monitoring station, noise level was recorded for one day from 8:00 -11:00 am, and 22:00 pm -6:00 am the next morning. At Wucun village, noise was recorded continuously 24 hours on July 11.

4.4.4 Monitoring Result

49 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

The monitoring results are provided by Anhui provincial Environmental Monitoring Center. The baseline noise data is presented in Table 4-4-5, S103 noise levels are presented in Table 4-4-6 and the 24 hours noise monitoring results are presented in Table 4-4-7.

Table 4-4-5 Baseline noise data on the proposed road Unit: dB RoasetinNof eName Monitoring result Road section No. of pile monitoring point Day time Night Evaluated result time K78+900-K79+400 Zhufan 60 5 38 6 Exceed Class 2 slightly K82+850-K82+900 Dodian Primary 54 0 41.6 Class I School K95+580-K95+620 Hongshan Primary 53.7 45.1 Exceed Class I slightly School Plain with No. 4 Villager's slight hills KIOl+000-'KIO1+100 Group of 58.0 43.1 Class 2 Guangrong Village K106+200-KI06+250 Xinzhong Village 47 5 39.1 Class 0 Primary School Kl11+l00-K111+400 Zu Village 45 4 38 4 Class 0 K131+350--KI31 +720 Lingyangxiaxi 58.1 39.0 Class 2 Village Pingtan Villager's K136+850-KI37+300 Group of 49.9 37.5 Class 0 Mountenous Yangmei Village high hilly K147+600-K147+700 Nan'an Village 56 8 40.3 Class 2 highiy K168+720-K169+050 Songshu Vlilage 57.3 40.4 Class 2 region K182+600-K182+750 Sanchakou 41.0 38.9 Class 0

K194+050-K194+240 East Chanchahe 50.7 41.0 Class I ______I_ V illag e _ _ I__ _ _ I______

Table 4-4-6 Noise Monitoring Result on S103 in parallel with the proposed road (Unit: dB) Position of monitorin point Day time Major noise source Night time Major noise source 40m 54.3 Fleet flow on road: 45 5 Fleet flow on road: Various road section in the 60m 52 3 108/hr 42 1 21/hr west of S103which near 80m 49 5 41 9 Dongdian Primary School 120m 50.0 Construction activity 41.1 Frog chirping I I I ~~~~~~~inschool I

Table 4-4-7 Environmental Noise Monitoring Result of Wucun Villager's Group (Unit: dB) Time 9: 40 10: 40 11: 40 12: 40 13: 40 14: 40 15: 40 16: 40 17: 40 18: 40 19: 40 20: 40 Result I 57.1 I 56.5 I 55.5 I 57.7 I566 55.6 I 536 461 T 51.9 T61.4 50.5 42 6 Time 21: 40 22: 40 23: 40 0: 40 1: 40 2: 40 3: 40 4: 40 5: 40 6: 40 7: 40 8: 40 Result 41.6 37.2 42 5 40 8 41 6 44.7 39.7 45.3 53.2 53.0 57.9 58 7

50 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.4.5 Assessment forAcoustic Environment

4.4.5.1 Assessment for Current Sensitive Receptors

From Table 4-4-5 one can see:

* With the day-time environmental noise in villages at 41.OdB(A) to 60.5dB(A), some of the villages meet the Class 0 or Class I standards in the "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Area". Those villages, which are close to the existing road, the noise level reaches Class 2 to slightly exceed Class 2 standard. In night-time, the noise levels are 37.5 dB(A)- 43.1dB(A), meeting the Class 1 standard specified in the " Environemntal Noise Standard for Urban Area". It is apparent that the Project area currently has a very high acoustic environmental quality. * There are five schools along the proposed road. The day-time noise levels are these school are 47.5 dB(A) to 54.OdB(A), meeting the Class 1 standard specified in the " Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Area". The noise level in night-time is 39.1 dB(A)-45.1 dB(A), basically meeting the Class 1 standard (the noise level in Hongshan Primary School exceed the Class I standard by 0.1 dB(A), but there is no classes at night in the school). It is therefore apparent that the acoustic environmental quality in the school areas is also good and in compliance with the acoustic requirement.

4.4.5.2 Assessment for Acoustic Environmental Quality Near S103

About 40 km of the proposed highway will go in parallel and in the close proxinmity to the existing S103. Therefore some sensitive receptors will be impacted by the compounded noise from both the proposed TTH and the existing S103. It can be seen from Table 4-4-6, the current traffic flow on S103 is so small (108 / hr in day time, and 21 / hr at night time), that the area at the two side of the road are not impacted significantly by noise. The noise level in the area 40-80 m from S103 can meet the Class I standard, areas 80 m from the road and beyond can meet the Class 0 standard. In night time, the noise level 40 m from the road could meet the Class 1 standard. Therefore, the project area along with S103 is not seriously impacted by the traffic noise from S103.

4.4.5.3 Assessment Noise Monitoring Results at the Sections on S103

From Table 4-4-7, it is can be seen that: the noise level from 5:40 to 19:40 is 46.1 dB(A)-58.7 dB(A), meeting the Class 2 standard. The higher noise level is due to larger traffic flow on S 103 in this time period. However, the noise level from 20:40-am 4:40 is 37.2dB(A)-45.3 dB(A), meeting the Class 0 standard as the traffic is very small at this time period.

In summary, as the proposed TTH avoids going through the large urban areas, the acoustic environment of the villages has a high quality, meeting Class 2 standards and better. The schools all meet Class I standard with an excellent acoustic environment.

51 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project ETA

4.5 Water Environnment

4.5.1 Major Lakes and Rivers Table 4-5-1 and Figure 4-1-1 presents the details on major lakes and rivers in the project area.

Table 4-5-1 Summary of ma lor lakes and rivers along the project Prevailing No. Name No. of center pile Primary function water Remark standard Aquaculture, Water The recommended I Shuiqao Lake K80+640, K82+1 10 irngation and quard route will cross the flooding control standard for rive twice flooding fishery 2 Qixing River K91+045 Ifogation and Class II Recommended option

3 Lingyang K130+506 Irrigation and Class II Recommended option River flooding control 4 Taiping Lake K144+345 Reserve for fish Class II Recommended option 5 Yangxi River K152+030 Irrigation and Class III Recommended option flooding control Drinking, 6 Puxi River KI 59+465 irrigation and Class III Recommended option flooding control ZK175+0770 Drinking, The recommended 7 Machuan River ZK175+6704 Irrigation and Class III route will cross the K1182+039 flooding control river four times

4.5.2 Drinking Water Intakes Based on a site survey and consultation with the regulatory agency, there are no water intake for drinking water within 5 km upstream and downstream of Shuiqiao Lake, Qixing River, Yangxi River and the proposed Taiping Lake Bridge. In other surface water bodies, Table 4-5-2-1 shows the water intakes and their relation with the project.

[Table 4-5-2-lRiver uptake and its relation with the project Relation with the No. Name of Name of water Relation with the Volume of water drinking water river uptake proposed route abstraction resource protection zone 700t/d, for 1000 The current wells are I Linyang LWater uptake of At the recommended households in recommended to be River Plant location for bridge Lingyang relocated to 500m Township upstraem. (D4.8 km upstream of Water uptake of the recommended About IOOOOt/d, The bridge is not 2 Puxi Gantang Water bridge. for 10,000 within the drinking River Plaant 350 m downstream households in water protection Plant of the aklternative Gantang Township. zone. bridge at Gantang. Machuan Water uptake of 4.5 km upstraem of the The bridge is not 3 Machuan Tanjiaqiao Water recommended route About lOOOt/d within the drinking River Plant K182+039 water protection zone.

52 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.5.3 Current Waters Quality

4.5.3.1 Existing water quality investigation

The EA team used historical water quality data and a monitoring program to determine water quality at the project area.

Taiping Lake is a focus in the water quality assessment. The annual average water inflow into Taiping Lake is 1.95 billion m3 and its storage capacity is 2.47 billion mi3 . There is no industrial wastewater discharge within the Taiping Lake Scenic site. The domestic wastewater sources are tourism service facilities, discharged at 40,000 t/a. By August 2000, 15,000 of the wastewater has been treated and discharged within the applicable standard.

According to EA team's site investigation, there is no industrial discharge within the Taiping lake scenic site area. The main sources of water pollutants come from domestic origins, primarily tourism facilitiss and local households. By August 2000, among the total of wastewater discharge of 40,000 t/year, 15,000 t/year had been treated to the discharge standards before released to the lake. There are, however, a few industrial wastewater discharges within the Taiping lake catchment area, with the total volume of 438,700 t/a.. The urban domestic wastewater (from Gantang Township, Tangkou Township and Xianyuan Township of Huiangshan District) is about 2 million t/a.

The monitoring program selected a site near Shuiqiaohu as the representative lake water quality monitoring location which is 180 m to the Taiping Lake bridge. Monitoring parameters used are permanganate index, oil and SS and monitoring program was carried in July 2002, with methods in compliance with the "Method for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis" recommended by SEPA. Water quality data for other surface water bodies are basically from existing sources, i.e., the routine monitoring data in the recent years.

Table 4-5-3-1 presents the monitoring data. Water quality information has other rivers and lakes are based primarily on the recent routine monitoring data from archives.

Table 4-5-3-1 Result of water quality investigation Unit: mg/L Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring item waters section/timing Permanganate index Oil SS Shuiqiao Lake Proposed location 2 40 < 0 02 11.5 for bridge ______High flow in 1999 2.10 _

Taiping Lake Low flow in 1999 1 7 Normal flow in 1 97 0 03 16 8 2001 High flow in 2001 6 32

Puxi River Normal flow in 8 3 2001 Low flow in 2001 14 11

53 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring item waters section/timing Permanganate index Oil SS High flow in 2001 2 9

Machuan River Normal flow in 2 1 2001 _ Low flow in 2001 3 2 Source: Environtnental Monitoring Center of Anhui Province, Environmental Monitoring Station of Huangshan City, Environmental monitoring station of Qingyang County.

4.5.3.2 Assessment of existing water quality

Table 1-8-4 and Table 4-5-3-1 demonstrate the compliance status and water quality in the project area. This status is summarized in Table 4-5-3-2.

Table 4-5-3-2 Water quality assessment result for major rivers along the roject Rate of Max. River Cross Standard Parameter Standard standar times of Quality section zoning compliance d excess standar class (%) d excess Permanganate Compliance 0 0 Shuiqiao Lu.a.i Fishery II Lake Luojiazui standard SS Compliance 0 0 Oil Compliance 0 0 Permanganate Compliance 0 0 index Comhace 0 _ Taeping Bridge 11 Ss Compliance 0 0

Oil Compliance 0 0 Permnanganate Excess 66.7 1.33 Puxi Dam of index Excess Lower River Caihong III SS Compliance 0 0 than bridge Class III Oil-- Permanganate Compliance 0 0 Machuan Xianyuan index River Township SS Compliance 0 0 Oil _- -

It is clear from Table 4-5-3-1 and Table 4-5-3-2 that the water quality in the rivers within the project area meet the corresponding water quality standards, except the permanganate index in Puxi River which exceeds the standard slightly.

Lingyang River, Yangxi River and Puxi River, similar to Machuan River are upstream rivers to Taiping Lake with their flows coming primarily from springs and runoff from mountains. As such, the flows vary significantly with the season. There are no regular water quality monitoring data for Lingyang River and Yangxi River while the one-time monitoring is not considered representative. But, their water quality can be considered similar to that of Machuan River which is located in the same area with the similar environmental conditions.

54 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Lingyang River, Yangxi River, Puxi River and Machuan River flow through many townships and urban areas which do not have any wastewater treatment facilities. As a result, the untreated wastewater is discharge directly into these rivers and then into Taiping Lake. It is therefore believed that water quality in Taiping Lake is affected primarily by domestic wastewater and small amount of industrial wastewater discharged into the lake through these rivers. The primary reason for water quality to exceed the standards in Puxi River is direct discharge of domestic wastewater.

4.6 Ambient Air Quality

4.6.1 Existing ambient air quality

The investigation and assessment scope in this EA is divided into the airshed in the scenic sites and airsheds in other road sections

Air qualitV at scenic site

The proposed TTH will cross the Taiping Lake Scenic Site at the section of K142-K150+500. During the field survey, no air pollution by industrial emmissions has been found. Oil-fuelled or gas-fuelled boilers are widely used in the lakeshore area however, consisting of the main air emission sources. The monitoring data in 1998 and 1999 provided by the Environmental Monitoring Station of Huangshan District are presented in Table 4-6-1.

Table 4-6-1 Monitored Air Quality in Taiping Lake(Unit: mg/Nm 3 ) Pollutant so2 NOx TSP Sampling time Annual 1-hour Annual 1-hour Annual average average average average average Daily average 1998 0.008 0 008-0 008 0.006 0 003-0 013 0 054 0.044-0.078 1999 0 008 0 008-0 008 0.006 0.003-0 013 0 054 0 044-0.062

The above table shows that, the air parameters in Taiping Lake area, i.e., S02, NOx and TSP all meet the Class I standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996 revised edition). The air quality in Taiping Lake is very good.

Other road sections

The proposed highway alignment has been carefully selected to avoid large-scale sensitive receptors, such as cities and townships. The proposed project will largely cross the hilly area and small villages. Some road section will be adjacent to the existing road 103. The current air pollutants in these sections are primarily from the motor vehicle exhaust gas and air-borne dust arising from S103. But the emission volume is small.

Two air quality monitoring stations have been established based on the distribution of receptors, project location and the topographical condition. The details on monitoring point locations are shown in Table 4-6-2 and Figure 4-4-1.

55 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project ETA

Table 4-6-2 Location of air qu lity monitoring points

No. No. of pile Monitoring point Items Remark

_ K127+000 VWllage NO2 , TSP Located between S103 and the proposed road. Located in the peripheral area of Huangshan 2 K194+050 Shancha Village NO2 , TSP Mountains landscape site. This village is a small village in valley basin.

The monitoring program has been carried out by the environmental monitoring center of Anhui Province, in line with the Technical Specifications for Environmental Monitoring (air).

The monitoring results are shown in Table 4-6-3 and Table 4-6-4. The weather on the monitoring date was sunny with the average wind speed of 1.75 m/s and the wind direction of southeast.

Table 4-6-3 Monitoring result of N02 One-hour average Daily average Total Sampling Max. Rate daily location Scope of Rate of Scope of Rate of of excess average concentration concentration mg/Nm3 excess % mg/Nm 3 excess % mg/Nm3 Wucun of Fenshi _ 0.010 0 _0 010 0 0 _0 010 Village Hedong Group of 0.013-0 026 0 0.018-0.022 0 0 0 019

hacha V illage ______I______

Table 4-6-4 Monitoring result of TSP Unit: mFg/Nm 3 Daily a erage Sampling location Scope of Max. Rate of Total daily Concentration Rate of excess % excess average mg/Nm3 3 mg/Nm Wucun of Fenshi 0.100-0.140 0 0 0.127 Village Hedong Group of 0.109-0.167 0 0 0.136 Shancha Village I

4.6.2 Assessmeunt of Ambient Air Quality

Table 4-6-1, Table 4-6-3 and Table 4-6-4 show that:

The air quality in the road section at Taiping Lake meets the Class I standard of Ambient Air

Quality Standard (GB3095-1996 revised edition). The one-hour average concentration of NO2 is ranged between 0.010-0.026mg/Nm3 and the daily average concentration between 0.010- 0.022mg/Nm 3. The daily average concentration of TSP is 0.100-0.167 mg/Nm3. The monitored

NO2 and TSP meet the Class 2 standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996 revised edition).

In summary, the monitored NO2 and TSP at each of the monitoring point meet the applicable air quality standard. The air quality in the project area is very good, implying a large air pollution assimilative capacity in the region.

56 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.7 Social Environment Baseline

4.7.1 Overview of directly impacted area The proposed highway project will go through Tongling City, Chizhou City and Huangshan City of Anhui Province (see Figure 3-1). The areas under the direct impact of the project are: Tongling County of Tongling City, Qingyang County and Shitai County of Chizhou City, Huangshan District of Huangshan City. In total, 15 townships will be directly affected and they are Xinjian Township and Dongdian Township of Tongling County, Xinhe Township, Rongcheng Township, Yangtian Township, Yangtian Township, Lingyang Township, Shaji Township of Qingyang County, Liudu Township of Shitai County, Guanyang Township, Taiping Lake Township, Gantang Township, Xianyuan Township, Tanjiaqiao Township, Sankou Township and Tangkou Township.

The details of the affected areas may be described as follows:

Tongling County: Tongling County is located in the mid-south of Anhui Province at the south bank of Yangtzi River. Southeast of the county is mostly low-relief land while its northwest is the shore plain of Yangtzi River and hills are rolling across the middle area. The total area of the county is 886 km2.

Qingyang County: Qingyang County is located in the north of Wannan Region. It borders with Tongling to the north, Nanling and Jing County to the east, Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountains to the south, and Guichi to the west. Jiuhuashan Mountains, a major Buddhism 2 throne site, is located in the southwest of the county. The total area of the county is 1180.6 km . The low-relief and hills comprise the main characteristics of the terrain. The folk saying of the county goes that the county is "seven tenth be the mountain, one tenth be the water and two tenth be farmland".

Shitai County: Shitai County is located in the south of Anhui Province, the hinterland of the south mountainous area. It borders with Qingyang County, Qimen County and Yi County . The 2 total area of the county is 1403 kM . Qingyang is a poverty county.

Huangshan District: It is located in the south of Anhui Province. The total area of this district is 1775 km 2. There are many tourism resources in the district, such as Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountains. 4.7.2 Population Structure The population structure in the project area is detailed in Table 4-7-2-1.

Table 4-7-2-1 Population structure in affected area Population structure P Proportion of Population Topulataln Agrulatura agricultural density Coun/distric is population population population (%) (people/kM 2 ) Tongling COunty 341774 292984 85.7 386 Qingyang County 279415 240406 86.0 226 Shitai County 110836 92328 833 773 Huangshan District 161826 131552 81.3 91

57 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

The above table shows that the population density in the affected area is low, especially in Shitai County and Huangshan District. Furthermore, these areas are all rural with similar population structure. More than 80% of population is agricultural based, belonging to typical mountainous rural region.

4.7.3 Primairy Economic indicators

The project area is partially in the low hill/plain area and partially in the mountainous area. In general, the project area is poor, including a national poverty county (Shitai). The major macro economics indicator are shown in Table 4-7-2-1.

Table 4-7-3-1 Major Economic Ilndicator in the Project Area GDP GDP per capita Output value of Output value of Area B 100 million) (GRMB) primary industry tertiary industry (RMB 100 million) (RMB 100 million) Tongling 15.4 4511 3.9 5.0 County ______QCngyang 9 9 3712 3.0 2.9

Shitai 2.4 2166 0 8

Huangshan 11.8 7283 3.2 6.8 D istrict ______

The above table shows that, Tongling County and Huangshan District are relatively prosperous. Shitai County on the contrast is economically weak in Anhuhi Province, with per capita GDP far below the other counties.

4.7.4 Quality of Livinmg l[ncome The quality of living in the area to be directly affected by the project is poor and there is an enormous disparity between the urban and rural areas in this region. The annual net income of farmers is marginally higher than RMB2000 with the worst at Shitai County at less than RMB 1200 per capita on average.

lTable 4-7-4-1 Income Data in the Project Area Area Annual per capita income (urban) Annual per capita income (rural) (RMB) (RMB) Tongling County 5553 2356 Qingyang County 6484 2145.86 Shitai County 4961 1144.77 Huangshan District 7089 2416

During the field visits, the EA team learnt that the income variation among farmers is wide. Some farmers could get the annual income more than RMB10,000 due to prosperous tourism and income form tourists. In contrast, the farmers living in the remote mountainous region rely solely

58 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

on the farmland for their income. Worse, the soil in the region is poor which have low yields. The life quality of these farmers is extremely poor.

Disease Control

In order to effectively control and eliminate the epidemics and infectious diseases, widespread immunization of children has been proposed across the whole project area. The Project region has not reported any Class 1 infectious diseases and severe epidemics.

Additionally, AIDS has begun to spread in the province. Since the first case of AIDS in Anhui Province in 1994, there have been 499 reported cases of AIDS to September 2001. These cases have been reported in 41 counties of 13 cities in the province. Young people are the dominant population of the infected. The people aged at 20-49 accounts for 85.57% of the total infected. The AIDS case has been increasing year by year in the province. Measures have been taken in Anhui Province against HIV positive spreading and to cure the infected people. The knowledge about AIDS has been widely distributed among the rural area via TV, radio and newspaper.

4.7.5 Infrastructure

The main transportation infrastructure in the project region is presented in the following table:

Table 4-7-5-1 Major Infrastructures in the Project Area Grade of road Expressway Gradel Grade2 Grade3 Grade4 Other Total Anhui Length (kn) 470 264 6347 9050 26448 1914 44493 Province Percentage 1.1 0.6 14 3 20 3 59.4 4 3 100 (%) Tongling Length (km) _ _ 124.05 200.20 292.75 - 617.0

City Percentage - - 20 1 32.4 47.5 - 100 (%) Chizhou Length (km) - 16 349 2487 - 2852 City Percentage - 0 6 12 2 87.2 - 100

Huangshan Length (kmn) - - 212 318 1506 - 2036

City Percentage - 10.4 15 6 74.0 - 100

It can be seen that there is currently no expressway in the project area, and the grade of roads is low. The transportation condition in the area-is poor.

4.7.6 Natural Resources

Land

The project will be through the mountainous region where farmland is scarce and precious. The site investigation shows that the cultivated land per capita in the project area is about 1-2 mu/capita, belonging to scarce cultivated land rural region.

59 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Mineral Resources

The distribution of mineral resource in the project area is shown in following table.

Table 4-7-6-1 Mineral Resouirces in the Project Area Area Overview of mineral resource The primary minerals are copper, gold, iron and coal It is one of the key base of gold and TonglingCounty coal production in China. There is the largest gold mining industry, Huangshilao Gold Tongling County Mine, in Anhui Province. The annual production of gold in the county is more than 50 thousand liang ( I hang equivalent to 50 g). The mineral resources are dolomite, calcite, lime, pyrites, quartz and granite The storage Qingyang County of dolomite is 400 million t, with high quality and easy to mine. The mineral development will be the new focus for economic development Shitai County More pyntes and marble. Huangshan District Molybdenum, coal, vanadium and quartz.

The above table shows that there are abundant mineral resources in the project area. The exploration and development of the mineral are limited, however, by the poor transportation and available technologies.

4.7.7 Tourist Resources in the Plroject Area

The project influenced area, which includes Tongling, Qizhou and Huangshan cities, has one of the richest tourist resources in China, particularly Huangshan city. Huangshan city has three administrative districts (Tunxi, Huangshan and Huizhou districts), four counties (She, yi, Xiuning and Qimen counties) and one scenic site (Huangshan Mountain Scenic site), and the city has its government organizations in Tunxi District.

Huanshan city has its world renowned tourist attraction, Huangshan mountain. In addition, the city has other natural and cultural attractions within its boundary, including world cultural heritage site, Xidi, Hong village; Dong religious shrine site, Qiyu Mountain; Hui traditional housing and Tangyue monuments in the Naping and Qiankou area; Guniujiang Nature Reserve; Taiping Lake scenic site, etc. The locations of these sites are shown in Figure 4.7-1.

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Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Map4-7-1 L,ocation of M'ain Scenic Sites," of HuangshanrCity . si

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Due to the close distance to the proposed TTH, three major sites, Huangshan Mountain Scenic site, Taiping Lake Scenic site and Jiuhuanshan Mountain Scenic site which is located in Qingyang county, will be directly impacted by the highway construction and/or operation. These three major scenic sites are collectively known as "Two Mountains and One Lake".

Huangshan Mountain Scenic site (i.e., the Huangshan Mountain): Huanshan Mountain is located in the mountainous region in south Anhui province, China. It is within the jurisdiction of Huangshan district, Huangshan city. Huangshan Mountain is 1864 meter above the sea and the scenic site covers a total area of 154 km2. As a typical mountainous scenery, Huangshan Mountain was included in the list of "State Key Scenic Sites" in 1982 and selected as one of the ten best known scenic sites of China in 1985. In December 1990, Huangshan Mountain was awarded both World Cultural Heritage and World Nature Heritage sites by the UNESCO, and included in the World Heritage Sties list. Huangshan Mountain is known for its beautiful scenery particularly its stunning pines, remarkable rocks, sea of cloud and hot springs. Often Huangshan is praised to be such a beauty with different faces that it "collects the best of all mountains in one site and melts all wonders of the world in one pot".

Taiping Lake Scenic site: Taiping Lake Scenic site is located within Huangshan District, between Huangshan Mountain and Jiuhuashan Mountain, about 30 km to both sites. Taiping Lake is a man-made lake originally known as Chencun Reservoir. The Lake is about 60 km long in east-west direction and 6 km wide in north-south direction, with a total surface area of 88 km2 and average depth of 40 m. In 1987, Taiping Lake was approved by Anhui provincial government as one of the provincial key tourist attractions.

61 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

The Taiping Scenic site consists basically of the clear lake, low hills, wood land and farm fields, scattered with rural housing and, occasionally, large villages around the lake. The entire scenic site is about 260 km2, which is also listed as a key ecological reserve where there are state protective species of plants and wild life.

Taiping Lake Scenic site has currently developed several scenic spots including Bagua island, Hou Island, Taiping bay and Huangjin Island (see Figure 4-7-3 for their locations), but the development so far is at very low level. At the south shore, there are some hotels and marina for pleasure boats, but once again they are relatively primitive. In general, the Taiping Lake Scenic site as a tourist attraction is still yet to be developed.

Jiuhuashan Mountain Scenic site: Jiuhuashan is located in Qingyang county, Chizhou city, with a beautiful scenery. But more significantly, the mountain is well known domestically and overseas for its Buddhist culture. Jiuhuashan Mountain is one of the four major Buddhist mountains in the country and best known in, besides China, east and southeast Asia particularly Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao where Buddhist is deeply rooted in their cultures.

Jiuhuashan Mountain Scenic site is about 120 km2 and within the site there are over 90 temples including ten as the state key temples, with a total of over 600 monks. The key attractions include Rushen Hall, Longevity Palace, Diyuan temple, Tiantai and Fenghuang Pine.

To-date, highway S103 is the only transportation route connecting Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhuashan Mountain and Paiping Lake scenic sites. However, the road conditions at S103 are poor and it is the sole connection between the region with the outside world. As the transportation capacity on S103 is very limited, the tourists resources in the region have not been well utilized with some of them are still yet to be known by outside world.

4.7.8 Urban Pllanning alloig the Proposed ARignment

Tongling city plan

The proposed highway will pass the urban area in the April 1995 approved Tongling City Plan. The actual land use for the highway will be road land according to the plan. On the both sides of the highway, the planned land uses are green area. At present, the highway area is still countryside land. The relationship between planned Tongling urban area and the proposed highway is shown in Figure 4-7-4.

Qingyang county plan

The townships closely related to the proposed project include Rongcheng, Tongfu, Xihe, Yangtian, Tongbao, Lingyang, and Shaqi. The proposed highway will pass the east side of Rongcheng on transportation land reserved in the April 1996 approved Qingyang county plan. The closest distance to the planned township center is 1000 m. The relationship between planned Qingyang urban area and the proposed highway is shown in Figure 4-7-5.

62 r7

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Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Huangshan City Urban Area Plan

The Master Plan of Huangshan city was approved by Anhui Provincial Govemment in June 1994. In the Plan, the urban is to be further developed and expanded towards the relatively flat land in the southwest. The proposed highway will go through north of the urban area, about 900 m to Huangshan district (Gantang township) at its closest point. As shown in Figure 4-7-6, the project will be located outside of the Master Plan area for the city and have no inference with city planning and development. In fact, the construction of the TTH will help further development of the Huangshan city due to the greatly improved transportation conditions and the link of the city with the outside world.

4.7.9 Planning for "Two Mountains and One Lake"

The Master Plan for Regional Tourism in the "Two Mountains and One Lake" Region of Anhui Province is prepared by the World Tourism Organization which is engaged by Anhui Provincial Tourism Bureau. The final version of the Plan was completed and approved by the government in May 2002. The master plan has provided advice and recommendations to the development of tourism resources, construction of supporting facilities and environmental protection in the "Two Mountains and One Lake" area based on the assessment of regional tourism resources. This project will cross the core of the "Two Mountains and One Lake" area and detailed impact assessment is included in Section 5.6.5 of this report.

4.7.10 Domestic Solid Waste Disposal

There are no dedicated solid waste disposal facilities in the region and those generated by the local residents are randomly dumped or sometimes burned in an uncontrolled manner in the field. Domestic solid waste can be seen in many rural areas during the field survey. The impacted area has no significant industries and no industrial waste. All solid waste generated is of a municipal nature or origin.

4.7.11 Cultural Relics

A detailed field survey was conducted for cultural relics/archaeological sites along the main and preferred alignment of the highway, the five section alternative alignments, and 22 borrow pits and waste disposal. The scope of the survey is 100 m from the central lines of the highway alignments and the borrow pits/disposal sites themselves, based on the information provided by the project design team.

This section focuses on the finds from the survey on the preferred alignment and borrow pits and disposal site. The impact assessment of to the relics sites is presented in Section 5.7.1, mitigation measures, Section 5.7.3 and those on the alternative alignments, Chapter 6.

63 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.7.11.1 Methodology of the Survey

The cultural relic survey was carried out by the Anhui Provincial Cultural Relic Archeological Institute. The Institute first collect and review the relevant documents including previous archaeological finds, study reports, etc. about the field. Then May 20 to June I of 2002, the field team from the Institute conducted a site survey and prepared its first draft report in July 2002. In October 2002, following the requirements from comments from a World Bank project preparation mission, additional field survey was conducted and the reported revised. Sections in this EA report relevant to the cultural relics field survey and assessment are based on the information contained in the October 2002 version of the archaeological study report.

4.7.11.2 Survey Results

In total 9 cultural relics sites including one fossil site, two ancient sites, two ancient tomb groups, one ancient kiln site and one ancient building have been found by the field survey. Table 4-7-1 1-1 shows these finds and the locations of these sites are shown in Figure 4-7-7.

Table 4-7-11-1 The current cultuiral relic sites along the project No. Name of site Location Age Status of Relation with the No. NVame of site Location Age protection alignment Huangtuling In the west of Chaoyang The The proposed road will I Dinosaur Egg Village, Guangyang Town, Certaceous Good cross the southwest or Fossil Site Huangshan District period east of Huangtuling In the south of Gumang The project will cross 2 Yangjialing Site Village, Taiping Town, Neolithic Normal the edge of the site. Huangshan District In the southwest of The project will cross Jieshiting Tomb Jieshiting of Fenshi The Six Good the center of the tomb Group Village, Lingyang Town, Dynasties group. Qingyang County In the north of Shangjie of The project will cross 4 Shangjie Site Lingyang Village, The Six Good the west edge of the Lingyang Town, Qingyang Dynasties site. County In the south of Wangjia of The Five The project will cross 5 Wanjiachong Kiln Lixin Village, Gantang generatlon,gln Good the center of the Site Town, Huangshan District Dynasty site. In the northwest of Huangnixiang Huangnixiang of Song The project will cross 6 Huangxang Fenghuang Villageo Song Good the center of the tomb Tomb Group Fegun ilg, Dynasty Gantang Town, group Huangshan District Wenchangge In the southeast of Qianlong The project will cross 7 Building Yangmei Village, Shaji Eaof Qing Very good the east edge of the site. Town, Qingyang County Dynasty 100 m southeast of Dongjiacun Tomb Dongjiacun of the The Six Some ancient Group Sanxiang town, Dynasties on surface Huangshan District I 9 Panlong Tomb Panlong village, Dongdian Site not No 3 borrow pit Group town, Tongling county I _ confirmed

64 s e_ . .. ~~~~~~~-. ;-

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Taiping Lake Large Bridge

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heng Town of Qingyang County

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Sunenary of Borrow/Waste Pits L Nlwnber Stake No. Location Remarks Legend K1(78+600 Right Borrow Earth 2 K79+800 Left Borrow Earh Lake and Stream Landscape 3 K83+550 Right Borow Earth 4 K88+80 Left Borrow Earth Landscape 5 K95+400 Right Borrow Earth Valley Plain Landscape 6 K99+100 Right Waste 7 K113+750 Left Borrow Earth Forest Landscape 8 K1128+800 Left Waste 9 K133+500 Right Waste * High-Fill Section ) Deep-Cut Section I, 10 K134+100 Riht Waste © Deep-Cutpoint Section Tunnel 11 K146+200 Left Waste / \ 12 K149+100 Left Waste * Great and Mediun Bridge * Borrow Pit 13 K152+100 Left Waste Interchange Waste Pit 14 K1158+400 Left Waste 15 K159+300 Left Waste 16 (K162+800 Left Waste d Parking Area and Service Area 17 K169+040 Right Waste 18 K173+200 Left Waste 19 K175+900 Left Waste 20 S103 K287+100-750 Right Waste Map4-9-3-1 Distribution of Landscape Types 21 K1(87+580 Left Waste 22 K193+530 Right Waste Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

None of the above sites fall into the cultural relics protection categories at the state, the provincial and municipal level, indicating limited cultural and archaeological significance and value.

4.8 Current Status of Natural and Cultural Heritage

The TTH will result in certain levels of environmental pollution and ecological impacts, but also visual or other impacts to the scenic sites. Scenery originally is a geography definition, describing generally natural scenes including their forms, structures, colors, etc. More substance is later added to the definition, resulting in scenery with different concepts, including aesthetics and geographic scenery, cultural scenery and ecological scenery. The scenic concept applied in this EA refers mainly to aesthetics scenery, that is, visual scenery.

4.8.1 Formation of landscape and objective for assessment

In broad term, all forms of the natural and artificial structures and colors could constitute a scenery. A road scenery includes the road itself, as well as natural and man-made scenery (scenic environment) along the road. As such, a road is the collective visual scenery of the road and all visual environment within a certain scope from the road.

The objective of assessment for scenery/visual impact is to identify the potential impacts, both positive and negative, on the scenery throughout the project stages of construction and operation, and to provide mitigation measures for protection, utilization and development of the scenery and minimizing the adverse impacts.

The scenic or visual impacts assessment is to first identify natural or artificial scenery (scenic environment). The status of scenic environment assessment would be conducted based on such criteria as aesthetic quality, sensitivity and threshold. The mitigation measures would be then designed in context of the identified potential impacts.

4.8.2 Assessment of quality of the scenery Quality of the scenery is assessed primarily based on aesthetic quality, sensitivity and threshold.

Aesthetic quality

The aesthetic quality is closely related with visual significance. Although there is variation in the scenery quality assessment due to the difference in geographical location, culture, background and education level, a wide consensus on common aesthetics does exist. Usually, people would accept that aesthetics is natural, harmonious and unique.

Sensitivity

The sensitivity of scenery is the degree and scope to be acknowledged which is defined by the

65 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA relative angle, distance, frequency of presence and comparison degree.

In general, the larger the relative angle between the viewer and the scenery is, the more area of scenery would be seen or receive an attention, namely the sensitivity is larger. In visual scope, the closer the distance between the viewer and the scenery is, the higher the visibility and clearness, namely the sensitivity is higher. Furthermore, the more frequent occurrence and/or the longer the lasting of the scenery within the visual scope of the viewer, the higher contrast of the scenery against the background (contrast can be the form, configuration, color, materials and movement) and thus the higher sensitivity.

Threshold

The threshold is an indicator for tolerance of landscape against the outside interference (artificial interference), and the recovery capacity after damaged caused by outside interference. It covers the aspects of ecological and visual. The threshold applied in this report is largely limited to visual significance. Where the threshold is low, minor outside interference could bring significant visual impact; where the threshold is high, minor visual impact would be caused regardless of the magnitude of interference. The low threshold always presents in the landscape isolated from human activity. In contrast, the strongly human active area deserves a higher threshold.

4.8.3 Asseessment of the existing laimdscape along the piroject

4.8.3.1 Categories of landscape within the proposed project area

The detailed categories of landscape within the proposed project area are included in Table 4-8-1.The detailed analysis is shown in Table 4-8-2 and the distribution are shown in Figure 4-8-3-1.

66 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

Table 4-8-1 Categories of Scene Category of Description Protetion Class Aesthetic Sensitivity Class of threshold landscape Distribution area quality ______High mountains and lowland are mixed. Huangshan Mountain is at the K138-KI60 Valley plain The mountain is covered with green World Heritage Status, Showplace High High Class 4 K1I73~K 193, refer to landscape vegetation. See Figure at national level, and national distribution map geological park______Broad-leave forest and coniferous forest are Along the road there are Forest landscape mixed with artificial bamboo grove. See Huangshan national Forest Park High High Class 3 It is mostly located in the hilly figure and Shilishan Natural reserve K79-K87, The vast waters are Lake and stream Clean lake waters, broad lake surface Taiping Lake is within the Shuiqiao lake and Taiping Lake. landscape Taipinhg Lake is surrounded by rolling Landscape Showplace area of High High Class 4 The major invers flowing hills, the valley stream is clear, See Figure Anhuiu Province through are Qixingrnver, yangxi river, Louxi River and Machuan River

Low-relief land, valley plain and basins are mixed with slightly rolling terrain. K98-KI38 Plain landscape Farmland, village and road are closely Normal Normal Class 1 K160-K173 connected Active human activity, Normal See map agriculture is the major economic activity. See Figure

67 Tongling-Tangkou expressway project EIA

4.8.3.2 AnaRysis of Scenery Diversity

The Scenery Resource Management System (VMS) of the US Forestry Bureau has been applied for analysis of scenery diversity.

Table 4-8-2 Nature in Scenery Resources Man2gement System (Degree of diversity) Class A Class B Class C Terrain Rich in diversity Normal diversity Rare diversity Terrain and 60% of the land is slope with 30% to 60% is slope land 0 to 30% is slope land, topography highly rolling terrain with medium rolling terrain. constant terrain. .At the steep teffain, the rocks The rock terrain is easily Small and slight rock terrain, Rock terrain ate steep ate the roksi tangible, there are usually no sliding marble slope. are various at shape and size slidingsldn mablmarble slope.gmabeslope. loe

Vegetation High quality vegetation is te of adultcover A few continuous vegetation cover, a lot of ancient woods, cover at fixed type, , , ~~~~~woods,not ancient trees, are no unusual features of tree diversified. under-wood cover Waters Waterfalls, jet flow, and Normal jet flow and flow Intermittent or small stream Streams retention waters and vast pattend. with almost constant flow,

I_ _ meander flow speed is quick. *The classification method presented in the above table is applied across this section for indication of bio-diversity. Source: VMS of US Forestry Bureau

Based on the definition in the above table, the scenery diversity within the project impacted area falls into Class A, indicating high quality and abundance of scenic sites in the project area.

68 Tongling-Tangkou Highway ELA

Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

5.1 Category and Extent of Environmental Impacts

The TTH is a major infrastructure in Anhui province, and in particular, part of the TTH alignment will go through sensitive ecosystems. The massive construction activities which are to last for four years and the long term operation of the TTH will bring adverse temporary or permanent, reversible and in-reversible impacts, as well as benefits, to the natural and socio-economic environments. Table 5-1-I lists the categories and extent of environmental impacts expected to be brought about from the TTH and the detailed assessment of these impacts are presented in the reminder of this chapter, as generally outlined in Table 5-1-2. Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-1-1 Cate ory and Degree of Environmental Imp ct Detrimental activity to Category of im act Degree of impact e romentactvity Potential risk to environment Ir-reversibi Long Short Not UncertnSignificant environment Reversible e term term significant Uncertaintmediumlsmall I Impact from design Damage to hydro-geology Decrease flooding discharge J V J _ Relocation of people Disturbance to people, and decrease of living V V standard _ Land use Economic loss (income) 4 V J Impact on landscape Loss of esthetic value or tourism resource J V J Damage to land ecosystem Loss of forest and wild life 4 4 4 Land resource Loss of land resource V V J 2, Impact durng construction Soil erosion Detriment to ecosystem, inductive to J 4 flooding Safety accidents of worker Risk on worker's life and health 4 4 4 Infectious disease Risk on the human health 4 V 4 Pollution from construction Damage to environmental sanitation 4 4 cam p ______Leakage of toxic material Toxic to human health V 4 V4 Release of air pollutant Jeopardize the health of residents 4 4 V Noise Jeopardize human health V V V Interruption of road facilities Damage of road facilities 4 4 4 _ Interruption of traffic Loss of time and fuel of land users 4 I/ 3, Impact during operation _ Noise Risk on human health 4 / J Air pollutant Risk on human health 4 = V Continuous soil erosion Risk to ecosystem and flooding, soil erosion 4 4 V Pollution of road runoff Risk on surface water quality 4 4 4 _ toxic material accidental spill Risk on passenger and residents nearby J 4 V Traffentrance mat and exit Loss of time and fuel, deterioration of air Traffic jam at entrance and exlt quality V Wastewater and waste oil from service, parking and Risk on water environment 4 V V management areas .

70 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-1-2 presents the matrix for environnental impact analysis.

Table 5-1-2 Matrix for Environmental Impact Analysis Environment Physical environment Biological Social environment environment

Project stage > . r

~ - nfl - U 00o .. . of -4 1Sk~"'A~ 1 tit0XMeS'~C_00 2; 0 0 0

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 oX1_Route- t: wtd1L0 1 0 assess 4 4 4 4 I !m,~~~~~~road ______CTourr-O5 _V_ i. MaRoute- ~. proposed J I/ 44I 4441 4 4 CD a road Labour-

- labour- _ residence44 Labour- Service44 Site clearing" 4 Borrow pit I/ I/4 ~ 5 SpoilEsite I/Im ac AI 4 4 ConstructisouDrciae 4 4 t 4 4 0 - - 4 5 on site- m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ on solid

waste __ Greeningeral i t I4pgrh Traffico _ t 5 r a T b 4 4 0 4 Maintenan ce

Drainage 4 4 4 4 __ Note: "4V" means significant impact, blank means insignificant impact, "0" means uncertain

5.2 Ecosystem Impact Assessment

5.2.1 Regional natural ecosystem and trend in bio-diversity

5.2.1.1 Regional natural ecosystem

The Wannan (south Anhui) region covers the whole area south of the Yangtzi River within Anhui Province. The general topography in the region is characterized with high and low hills with forest coverage accounting for 58.8% of the total regional area. This region can be further classified in termns of topography into southern mountainous area and peripheral low-relief area. The southern mountainous area covers Qimen, Xiuning, She, Yi, Ningguo, Shengde, Shitai, Dongzhi, Guichi, Qingyang, and Huangshan counties/cities, while the eripheral

71

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trot ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~I ~ ~~ A kef '1 ¶r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Haft ObstructCorridor Proposd Eonreos-yx ref * d~~~~~~~AtternatroErrpres-ysa t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.rr.s...... ~~~.J

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rr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i h uronigAe o£h-rjc

Fiur 5-2-1-1 ]NO. 10

Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA low-relief area.covers Zhicheng, Langxi, Guangde, Nanling, Fanchang, Tongling, Wuhu, Dangtu and Ma'anshan counties/cities.

The Wannan region, especially the southern mountainous area, was once covered with exuberant forest where wildlife was abundant and bio-diversity level was high. Due to thousands of years of human activities, especially in the peripheral low-relief area where has been significantly impacted by the human activities such as construction of settlement and infrastructure, cultivation and pollutant discharges, the natural ecosystem has been nearly destroyed. In the southern mountainous area, natural ecosystem size has shrink, the continuity degree decreased and the ecosystem becomes more fragile, due to the strong interruption by human activities.

Based on the field investigation, the human impacts on the area along the proposed project area in the southern mountainous region have been mostly through the following:

* The wide valley plains in the region have mostly be built-up with population settlements, which are connected with one another among the villages, counties or cities by local or village roads; * In the narrower valley plains (about 50 m wide or less) have mostly been cultivated. It is also very common to cultivate on the slopes. * Most gentle slopes near village or population settlements have been planted with economic forest such as mulberry, tea and bamboo. In the mountains far from village but with an easy access, the timber stand such as pines and firs are planted. * Industrial factories and mining industry operate in some villages and townships while massive services and supporting facilities have been constructed in scenic areas such as Taiping Lake and Huangshan mountain scenic site for tourism.

In principle, the degree of natural ecosystem fragmentation would increase with the increase in population density. It has been reckoned (Wu Xiaoming, 2001) that the total population within the 926 natural reserve zones in China (1996 data) is about 13.3366 million, and population in communities peripheral to these zones is about 54.634 million, with an average population density of 15/km2. However, this figure will become 60-70/ km2 if taking away the 50 biggest reserve zones which is more than 90,000 hectares. Table 5-2-1-1 shows the population density and cultivated ratio in the major counties in the Wannan mountainous area.

Table 5-2-1-1 Population density and land cultivated ration in the southern mountainous area Name of county Total land area (kin)Namefcouty TotalTotalpopulatiTtallndarak2 population Population(people/kM density2) Total landratio cultivated Tongling County 886.0 341774 385 75 0.216 Qingyang County 1180 6 279980 233 70 0.174 Huangshan District 1669 161826 96.96 0.077 Shitat County 1403 0 110836 77.30 0.054 Qimen County 2257.0 184928 81.94 0.078 Yi County 847 0 97442 115.04 0.110 Xiuning County 2125.1 273740 128.81 0.128 She County 2236.2 502263 224.61 0.155 Huizhou District 423.8 97287 229.56 0.184 Tunxi District 248.9 149305 599.86 0 129

It is clear in Table 5-2-1-1 that, Shitai County, Qimen County and Huangshan District have population density less than 100/km2 , and Yi County and Xiuning County have the population density less than 200/km2.

72

Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

It is therefore expected that Shitai County, Qimen County and Huangshan District are less impacted by human activities, followed by Yi County and Xiuning County.

In order to understand the level of intactness in the natural ecosystems in the Wannan peripheral area even the southern mountainous area, TM images are used for ecological analysis, as shown in Figure 5-2-1-1. In the map, the city and township and large human active region have been circled. The warm colors in the map are bush and grass, while the cold colors are secondary evergreen broadleaf forest and artificial coniferous woodland. The villages and farmland are shown by the yellow lines, the operational primary roads, by dark yellow line, the preferred route for the TTH, by the red line, and the alternative alignments, by the blue lines. The existing and proposed natural reserve zones, and scenic sites are also shown in this map.

The Figure 5-2-1-Ishows that, the natural ecosystem remains in existence in the southern mountainous area. Located mainly in the Jiulongfeng-Wuxishan-Dahongling-Shitai-Laoshan area with the secondary evergreen broad-leave forest and bush dominating the vegetation coverage, followed by artificial coniferous woodland. It is reported that the average population density in most of this area is 30 /km 2. Clearly, this is a area with the least impacts from human activities and is the core of the southern mountainous area with rich wildlife and high level of bio-diversity. This core area of the ecosystem is about 20 km from the proposed TTH.

5.2.1.2 Impacts to Natural Ecosystem Integrity

Fiogure 5-2-1-1 shows the natural ecosystem integrity and the potential impact to it from the proposed project. These impacts will primarily be:

Long-term impact of human activities

Human activities are undoubtedly a major trigger to fragments of natural ecosystems.

The north section of the proposed road is located in the peripheral low-relief area which has been significantly impacted by active human activities. The south section is located in the Wannan mountainous region which is mixed of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The middle area of the Wannan mountainous region has been impacted by human activity as well which has divided this area into east and west parts. The area east of Jing county, Jingde county, Jixi county, She county is the east ecosystem which is connected with Zhejiang province (see Figure 5-2-1-1) while area west of these counties is the west ecosystem which is connected with Ganbei mountainous area. The active human activities create segregation in the natural ecosystem. The villages and farmland and road networks have also contribute to the fragmentation of natural ecosystems.

In the third meeting of the World Bank's Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, (SBSTTA) held in Montreal from September I to 5 of 1997, the Coordination Team for Bio-diversity Indicators presented an indicator system for assessment of bio-diversity. This system covers the type of ecosystem and sub-zone areas. There are four classes of subzone area indicating the ability for maintaining self-recovery. These subzones are sized as 1-10 km', 10-100 km', 100-1000 km', 1000-10000 km'.

In the Wannan mountainous area, there is no natural ecosystem segment larger than 1000 km2 . Except a few

73 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA segments within Huangshan Mountain, Guniujiang, Jiulongfeng and Dahongling which are larger than 100 2 2 km , most of the segment ecosystems are smaller than 100 km

Increased segregation of ecosystem by human activities

The south section of the proposed TTH is within the west part of the Wannan mountainous area (described above). The road would go through the suburban area of Tongling city, outside folder area of Shibasuo Natural Reserve, valley plain east of Qingyang County, valley plain of Jiuhuashan Mountains, lakeshore area of Taiping Lake and Gantang basin. The TTH alignment in the above areas is basically along farm land or operating road where human activities have already been very active. The incremental increase in the impacts of the TTH to the fragmentation of ecosystems in these areas is therefore very limited. However, the proposed road could enforce the fragmentation which already exists. aImpacts to the intact area

The proposed TTH will go through Yangmei village section near Jiuhuashan, the peripheral areas of Shilishan mountain nature reserve and the peripheral area of the Huangshan mountain scenic site where the natural ecosystems are basically intact. The construction and operation of the TTH will have significant impacts in terms of ecosystem fragmentation in these areas.

Existing or planned natural reserve zones

The existing or planned forest ecosystem and wildlife/nature reserve zones are mostly located within the area with good natural conditions. The Figure 5-2-1-1 shows that most of the reserve zones are to the southwest of the proposed road. It implies that these areas are so far less affected by human activities.

In summary, the proposed TTH would cross the east edge of the west part (west ecosystem) of the Wannan mountainous region. The road would contribute to fragmentation of natural ecosystems in this region.

5.2.1.3 Tlrend in lmpacted Bio-diversity

Occupation of woodland will inevitably damage some trees, likely including the trees included in the national or provincial protection lists. As these plants also grow in other places in the region, the impacts from the highway would unlikely to cause any species to extinguish..

Within the project area, there are several species of wildlife under the protection lists, such as neofelis nebulosa, and serow Although the project will enhance the segmentation and fragmentation of the natural ecosystems, large natural ecosystem area with will still remain on both sides of the highway. Again the construction of the TTH will not cause any species to extinguish.

In summary, the proposed project will not cause any species to extinguish although it could reduce the size of the habitat for some wildlife, or form meta-population. The details of the impact analysis are included in Section 5.2.3.

74 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.2.2 Impact to Natural Plant Colonies and Protected Plants

Restricted by topography conditions, the proposed highway is aligned mostly along the broad valley plain. The elevation of the road is less than 350 m. and the natural reserve zones have been avoided with a special attention paid during the design and analysis of alternative alignments. However, the vegetation cover will still be damaged during the construction and operation. The damage includes the loss of part of the vegetation cover in the highway area, change of natural colony succession, damage of individual precious plants, and intrusion of exotic species and pest.

5.2.2.1 Estimation of Loss of Woodland

Woodland will lose to the TTH due to land occupation by the highway. Based on the site investigation on plant distribution, the major type of vegetation to be affected by the TTH includes secondary forest, artificial woodland, bamboo grove and tea garden. Table 5-2-2-1 shows the areas of each type of forestland to be permanently lost due to the project land occupation, and Table 5-2-2-2 shows the statistics result of the trees to be cut by the project.

Table 5-2-2-1 Forestland to be acquired by the project (mu)

County (district) Village (township) Area of land acquisition

Total 83 42 Tongling County Xinjian Village 0 Dongdian Township 83.42 Total 1047.3 Xinhe Township 321 69 Rongcheng township 101 05 Yangtian Township 234 44 Lingyang Township 231 57 Shaji Township 158 55 Shitai County Liudu Township 177.52 Total 2743 9 Guangyang Township 134 61 Taipinghu Township 702 57 Huangshan District Gantang Township 543.44 Xianyuan Township 211 05 Sankou Village 130 86 Tanjiaqiao Township 697 76 Tangkou Township 323 61 Sum total 4052 14

75 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-2-2-1 Statistics of the trees to be cut down by the pr ect County (district) Village (township) Total Fruit trees Other trees Total 1892 755 1137 Tongling County Xinjian Village 925 282 643 Dongdian Township 967 473 494 Total 4181 1425 2756 Xinhe Township 547 161 386 Qingyang County Rongcheng Township 1345 450 895 Yangtian Township 1578 606 972 Lingyang township 500 171 329 Shaji Township 211 37 174 Total 1237 720 517 Taipinghu Township 139 78 61 Gantang Township 303 182 121 Huangshan District Xianyuan Township 131 49 82 Sankou Village 177 114 63 Tanjiaqiao Township 347 177 170 Tangkou Township 140 120 20 Sum total 7310 2900 4410

Table 5-2-2-1 and Table 5-2-2-2 show that, the permanent occupation of forestland is 4052.14 mu (270.14 ha), accounting for 43.3% of the total land to be acquired. There are 7310 trees to be cut.

5.2.2.2 Natural succession of forestland

The proposed road will in part cut through mountains and forest, resulting in direct damages of the forest colonies, vegetation coverage, and reduced bio-diversity. Moreover, the influx of people and motor vehicles would impose significant impact on the arbor, shrub and herbaceous layers. In particular, the shrub and herbaceous in the areas could be damaged so badly that they may extinguish from the area completely, resulting in a loss of a forest colony layer. The arbor layer will become vulnerable to the change of environmental conditions without the support and stimulus of the under-wood, rendering them more easy targets and victims for pest invasion. As the whole forest colony becomes weak at assimilation and self-adjustment, the stability of the colony will decrease. Without a prompt recovery, the natural succession would stop or even reverse. Furthermore, the trees to be cut is concentrated on several areas, resulting in deterioration of the forest colonies or even becoming bare land.

When the highway is constructed, the forest land acquired and occupied by the highway will become road and supporting facilities. The area originally deep in the forest will then become an open land, causing the evergreen and shade-loving plants be replaced quickly by heliphilous plants, forming a "forest gap" in the forest. In such gaps, plant colony succession will be changed or even succeed by broadleaf forest.

The above described impacts, formation of forest gaps, could also occur in connetion roads, construction camps, borrow pits, disposal sites, if not handled properly.

76 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.2.2.3 Analysis for impact on precious plant

Within the land to be permanently acquired, there are no colonies of plants included in the national or provincial plant protection lists. However scattered precious trees have been seen at the project area during the field investigation, which will be affected (cut) by the TTH construction.

5.2.2.4 Analysis for impact by intrusion of exotic species and pest

Today, the pests threatening the forest along the Tongling-Tangkou highway area include bordered white moth, pine nematode and capricorn beetle. Bordered white moth is the dominating pest in Anhui Province which often occurs in the pine forests along the proposed road as well as elsewhere in the province. The suffered forest area is about 100,000 mu or 6700 ha in a bad year which could cause serious harm to the pine forest. Pine nematode is the fatal pest to pine trees and has been ranked as a key control target in the forest quarantine in the country. However, there is still no effective method to control it. At present, the suffered area of pine nematode in Tongling County is 600 mu .Up to now, there is no pine nematode been found in pine forests of Jiuhuashan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain areas. The capricorn beetle can bring dangerous harm to poplar, pine and cypress. The capricorn beetle has been found in the three counties along the proposed road.

The pest will be brought into the area by use of timber, wooden case and new trees trucked from other places during construction and operation. There are vast masson trees grow along the proposed highway, therefore the pest control will be oriented toward the protection of pine trees.

The most popular pest in the project area is pine nematode which spread by the stem borer. The characteristics of the pine nematode include: * Multiple speicies and wide distribution. * Large suitable areas to survive. In fact most regions of China are suitable for pine nematode to live in terms of climate and host plant; * Quick to spread through insects and movement of timber or timber products; and * Fatal to plants and hard to control. When a pine tree is infected with the pine nematode, it is very difficult to cure and within 40 days the infected trees will die. Especially in the forest, the pine nematode can spread across the forest very fast. A entire forest can be destroyed within 3-5 years. Therefore pine nematode is called as cancer of pine tree.

There are various host plants for pine nematode, dominant by pine trees. Under natural conditions, there are 44 species of trees which can host the pest and 18 species of trees can be infected by artificial inoculation. In China, nice speicies have been found in the past to have been infected and they are:

Pinus thunbergii P Massoniana P thunbergi, P massoniana P Luchuensis P bungeana P elliotti ,P Taeda, Ppinaster

The pine nematode could be spread by means both of natural and man-caused. The natural means is insects which bring the pine nematode from infected to healthy trees. In a rare case, the pine trees could be infected by direct contact of roots with infected trees. Studies in the past show that the natural spreading range is

77 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA about 100 m. The pine nematode also can be spread by man caused means. The timber or wooden products infected with pine nematode could bring it to remote places. In prosperous areas where there is a faster material flow, the possibility of man-caused spreading is higher.

Up to now, five insects have been found to be able to bring the pine nematode: Monochamus alternatus(major insect vector). Acanthocinus griseus, A gundaiensis, Blastophagus piniperda, and Odontotermes formosanus In addition, the insect vectors reported in foreign countries that also found in China: Monochamus saltuarius, Ahropalus rusticus, Spodylis buprestoides.

In summary, the pine nematode is a devastating pest to pine trees. It could spread across China, causing significant damage to forest resources and ecosystems, unless there is efficient and effective control plan. Today, the intrusion of foreign species has become a focus of ecological study worldwide. Especially in the case of herbaceous plant which could invade into an area at astonishing speed. The studies show that in most cases the exotic species invade to the area with active human activities. The bare area of the TTH could likely become the pathway for exotic species intrusion.

5.2.2.5 Other impacts on forest

Other impacts of the TTH to the vegetation coverage in the project area include exhaust gas from motor vehicles, and air borne dust, and soil erosion.

The operation of the TTH will bring a large number of motor vehicle traffic to the project areas. The emission from the motor vehicles could affect the healthy growth of the forest.

The dust due to construction activity will directly affect the forest and under-wood plants. The change of the environmental conditions, directly or indirectly caused by the project, will also affect the growth of forest.

In particular, the water holding capacity of forest will be eroded by the permanent occupation of land. According to Study of Ecological System Service Function and Ecological Value in Hainan Island (Ou Yangzhi, 2002, Meteorology Press), the average water holding capacity of evergreen broad-leave forest is 623.91 t/(km2o a), and the average water holding capacity of farmland is 362.99 t/(km2o a). Simiarly, according to Ecological Environmental Impact Assessment (Mao Wenyong, China Evironmental Science Press, 1998), each mu of land covered by forest could hold 20 m3/a (equivalent to 300 mi3/ kM2 ) more water than that not covered by forest.

The permanent occupation of forestland by this project is 296.67 kM2, and additional 7310 trees will be cut down which is converted to be 302.4 km2 of forest land, the total forestland therefore is 5.73 km2 (each hec. forest has 1275 trees). Assuming the average water holding capacity of forest in the southern mountaineous area is 375 m3/(km2o a), the total loss of water holding capacity due to the permanent occupation of forest is estimated to be 113,400 m3/a.

5.2.3 Wildlife (Wild Animals)

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The potential impacts of the TTH to wildlife or wild animals will be due mainly to interference of their habitats including damage of vegetation cover, corridor blocking, noise and vehicle light. This section presents the analysis of the impacts to the wildlife, in preparation for design of effective preventive and mitigative measures. The impact assessment is primarily based on the ecological principles, with consideration of animals habits and distribution as well as the various construction and operation activities of the TTH.

5.2.3.1 Impact in construction phase

Amphibian

The amphibian animals will be directly harmed by construction activities, such as entrance of people and equipment into their habitats, operation of equipment, stockpile of materials and disposal of waste materials from tunnels. In particular, construction activities in the steep slopes, the amphibian animals in a large number could be killed. In addition, construction workers could catch several species of frogs for food, threatening the survival of these species in the project areas.

During the site investigation, amphibian animals were seen to be killed by running motor vehicles. In view of greatly increased flow of motor vehicle traffic during the construction phase, more amphibian animals are expected to be killed this way.

Land excavation and access road to site will damage part of the ecosystem. Slag disposal at slope land or riverside could directly damage frog population. The slag pile or waste disposal sites may not see any frogs for about 6-10 years due to significant change of the environmental conditions, but this impact is reversible.

In the valley and streams at Shilishan Mountains and Shancha Village there is trace of Andrias davidinus which is the protected animal under the Class 2 of the national list. Care will be taken during the construction phase to avoid the damage to this precious animal.

Reptiles

Reptiles also could be affected by the construction activity. The noise arising from construction activity could force the reptiles out of the construction site. The slag tapping and stockpile could hurt some reptiles. The slag pile site, before the plant cover is restored, will not be a suitable habitat for such reptiles as snakes due to straight sunlight it receives; but heliphilous animals such as lizard could gather in the site.

The most potential impact on reptiles is the local culture to eat snakes. The this habit could not be effectively controlled in the construction site. When there is a large number of people moved in to the construction camps, more snakes could potentially end up in the dinning tables, resulting in decrease in snake population in the area. Furthermore, rodents which are naturally controlled by snakes could over-reproduce, causing significant damage to crops and forests.

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Bird

The adverse impacts of the TTH construction likely to birds are:

* Damage of the bird habitat. The ecosystem in terrace and river valley could be damaged within the construction site due to housing, road pavement and other construction activities. Waterfowls will have to mitigate to other places. * Due to explosion operation, vibration of equipment, noise of vehicle and construction machinery, air emission and wastewater discharges, the birds may be forced to leave the site for other places. * If the construction worker catch bird, the impact would be more significant.

Mammals

Part of mammals habitats will be destroyed by the project, forcing the mammals, such as otter, to mitigate to other places.

Explosion operation, vibration of equipment, noise of vehicles and construction machinery, air emission and and wastewater discharges also would become one of the important reasons for mitigation of mammals.

The influx of construction workers will bring together some rodents which accompany human being. In response, the quantity of colony of mammals that feed on rodents may increase.

5.2.3.2 General Impact in operation phase

Amphibian animals

The noise and light from running motor vehicle could disturb the amphibian animals. Some animals that like to live in quient environment and sensitve to noise, such as giant salamander, could be forced to migrate from the area affected by noise and light.

The amphibian animals will only be active in small area. The severance by the TTH will not significantly affect the amphibian animals and their habitats.

Reptiles

The severance and blocking of the movement by the highway will impact reptiles because the activity area of reptile is relatively large. Without their normal pathways, the colony of reptiles would be separated by the road, which is harmful to their survival. The light of running vehicle will attract more moth, which will in turn attract more lizards feeding on moth. The parking lot will attract the mouse, which will in turn attract more snakes.

Birds

Wilcove (1985) birds destroyed by their natural predators are proportional to the distance of their nests to the

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perimeters of the forest. For example, percentage of destroyed nests located at the perimeter of forest is 6 times higher those located 600 m into the forest. Clearly, with the TTH, a large area of now deep forest will become perimeter forest, increasing the likelihood of nests in those areas to be destroyed by their natural predators.

Deijnen (1995) studied the relationship between of noise and bird reproduction rate. The observations of 43 species of birds showed that traffic noise will affect bird reproduction. When birds are exposed 24 hours in noise level exceeding 50 dB(A), the bird reproduction rate will reduce by 20-98%. The noise modeling shows that within 200 m from the central line of the highway, noise level will be basically higher than 50 dB(A). Therefore the increased noise level from the TTH operation will affect reproduction of birds living within this area. It could also force the birds to build their nests further inside the forest. It is expected that in the area of 600 m to the highway, bird population will decrease and will be lower than that in the deep forest.

As birds fly, the operation of the TTH is not expected to have other significant impacts to birds.

Mammals

In view of large activity areas required for mammals, the pathway blocking and habitat severance by the highway will significantly affect the mammals.

The noise and light will make large or medium-size mammals far away from the road, however, some small mammals, such as Muridae, Mustela sibirica and Felis bengalensis will gather in this area.

5.2.3.3 Impact on endangered animals during operation phase

Within the project affected area, there are several mammals under the national Class I or 2 protection lists. Therefore potential impacts to these mammals are a major concern and a sensitive issue.

Waterfowls under protection in the Shibasuo nature reserve zone can fly over to the Shuiqiao Lake and ponds in the areas for the highway now without any disruption. The noise and exhaust gases will render the area less attractive or suitable for the waterfowls to come for food near the highway area. However, the TTH is not located within the reserve zone itself, and the areas near the highway are not the major food pool for birds. Therefore, the waterfowls are not expected to be significantly impacted.

The carnivorous animals, such as neofelis nebulosa, are most sensitive to human activities. The noise in operation phase will directly disturb them, forcing them to be out of the road corridor area. Herbivores are more tolerant to noise than carnivorous animals. The degree of tolerance to noise is not reported for some herbivores. It is likely that these herbivores would leave the noise area, or they could adapt the noise environment to some degree.

Motor vehicle lighting could impact some mammals, confusing the animals on day and night. Such confusion could disrupt their life cycle or habits. These mammals may leave the lighting affected area as a result.

Corridor blocking and habitat severance will adversely affect the daily life of animals. The only feasible way

81 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA to overcome the problem is to provide animal paths under the highway. In general, it would take several years for animals to adapt the new man-made paths. Some available information shows that such paths work well for small animals but will do little for large-size animals some of which are protective species. According to the minimum width for animal paths in the U.S.A: 5.0 km (Hopkins, 1982) for America lion, and 2.5 km (Giffith, Fendly, 1982) for bobcat. Based upon the local conditions, the minimum width for free paths for neofelis nebulosa is 2 km and 0.5 km respectively, and for survival paths is 0.5 km and 0.1 km respectively. A pre-condition of these path widths is that there is no human activity near the paths.

According to the preliminary design, the proposed bridge, culvert and tunnel are listed in Table 3-4-1. The tunnel covered with natural vegetation, and the bridges with length over 100 m and span over 25 m, could all be used as the paths for large-size animals. Culverts and medium-small size bridges, except for pedestrian passageway, could be used as paths for frogs, snakes or small mammals. The proposed bridge, culvert and tunnel that also could serve as pathway for animals are listed in Table 5-2-3-1.

Table 5-2-3-1 Animal paths of the project Pathwa for large-size animal Pathway for small-size animal Road section Tunnel Bridge (rn/set) Medium-small RoadsectionTunneltBridge (m/set) /ksize bridge culvert(set) set/km (rn/set) (rn/set) /km (set) Outside polder area of 4555/ I Shibasuo 0/0 6878/6 0.39 I 37 2.46 (K78+060-K93+500) 0_39 2 Hilly area east of Qingyang 419/1 570/1 53.5/5 62 3.62 (K93+500--KI12) ______0 11______Valley plain of Jiuhuashan 74 8/ 3 Mountains 0/0 2320/9 0.29 13 88 3.26 (K112-K143) I Lakeshore area of taiping 144 4/ 4 Lake 0/0 1155/4 0.50 4 14 2 25 (K143-K151) Outside area of Shilishan 583.3/ 5 Mountains 2512/2 2738/16 2 00 3 3 0.67 (KI51 -K160) 6 Gantang Basin 0/0 520/3 38.5/ 37 3.26 6 (K160-KI73+500) 005/3 0 2237.2 Outside area of Huangshan 370 1/ 7 Showplace 4430/6 3287/15 1 01 8 28 1.72 (KI73+500-K194+350) I I t I Over the total length 7361/9 17468/54 213.5/ 41 269 2 67 ______0 _ .5 _ 4______

According to the field investigation, the suburban area of Tongling City, outside polder area of Shibasuo Natural Reserve, the valley plain and hilly area east of Qingyang County and Gantang basin are concentrated with human activities. No big animals are reported around these areas. There are several paths for small animals, averaged 2.85/km, 3.73/km and 3.26 /km for these areas respectively. At this density, the paths are believed to provide sufficient pathways for small animals.

The proposed road at Jiuhuashan valley plain (except K138-K142) and the lakeshore of Taiping Lake is basically parallel to the existing provincial highway S103, where no big animals are reported. There are proposed paths for small animals at the two sections, averaged at 3.55 /km and 2.75 /km, respectively. These sections are at the edge of the activity area of Cervus nippon, and the possibility for them to the other side of the highway is low. Therefore these paths are considered to be able to meet the occasional requirement of

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Cervus nippon.

The vegetation cover outside of Shilishan Natural Reserve (K151 to K160) is in good conditions where is is a major activity area for wild animals. However, from the distribution map of Cervus nippon and neofelis nebulosa, this area is not among the most suitable habitats for these animals. The length of bridge is 583.3 m /km, and there are 5 big bridges between K154 and K157 and a 2350 m tunnel which will provide sufficient pathway for these large animals. The highway is not expected to increase heterogeneity level.

The outside area of Huangshan scenic site is under a good vegetation cover and it is the normal activity area of neofelis nebulosa and Cervus nippon. The impact of corridor blocking and habitat severance is more obvious. There are six tunnels and 15 bridges in this section, averaged 370.1 m of tunnel per km of highway. In addition, there is on average 1.72 bridge/km for small animals, alleviate the impacts of the severance. In fact, prior to a film shooting base at K188, S103 goes along the Machuan river. Except one place, distances between any two villages in this area are less than 500 m. Clearly the existing conditions already pose a significant severance and the wildlife on both side of S103 have already evolved in heterogeneity. Based on the field investigation, area between Sankou to Meilan may be the wild animals pathway corridor. In this area, the TTH will include a 1500 tunnel, three medium to small tunnel and four large bridges. Therefore, the highway will not affect significantly the animal pathways, nor cause further animal heterogeneity. From K188 to the end of the TTH, the original design has one 1100 m tunnel and five bridges. The EA team suggested to add one more tunnels and three more bridges, which have been accepted by the design engineers. As a result of this addition, the 6.5 km section of highway will have eight pathways for large animals, with average length of tunnel at 611.5 m per km of highway. This will mitigate the impacts of habitat severance. In summary, the EA team believes that because of the impacts from both G205 and the TTH, neofelis nebulosa and black elk population may form heterogeneity. However, due to the fact that ecosystem areas on both sides of the highway are relatively large, they will be sufficient to support the survival of neofelis nebulosa and black elk.

5.2.4 Impact on nature reserve and scenic site

Natural reserve

This proposed TTH will not cross any nature reserve and is in fact more than 500 m from any the reserves in the region. In comparison, the impacted areas from the air emission and noise generated from the TTH are typically within 500 m from the highway. Therefore such impacts from the TTH will not affect the reserves.

With regard to the Shibali nature reserve, the main protective targets are birds which could fly outside of the reserve to the TTH area for foods. During the construction and operation of the TTH, the noise and air emission will affect the birds flying to the highway area, particularly flying over the highway to the other side. As the highway area is not the main food sources or habitats for the birds however, the TTH area may become not attractive to birds but will not affect bird population or reproduction.

The TTH is about 500 m to the closest point of the Shilishan reserve and there is a ridge in the middle. The distance to the core area of the reserve is about 4000 m. As wildlife are mostly active in the core area, the TTH construction and operation will not directly impact the reserve. In contrast, as the TTH operation will

83 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA attract most of the through traffic from S 103 which is currently going through the reserve, the reduced traffic in the reserve areas will have positive impact to the reserve ecosystem.

According to Nature Reserve Protection Guides of the P.R. China, tourism sites are not allowed in the core and buffer areas of nature reserves. The field investigation by the EA team shows that there is no tourist functions and no plan to build any such functions in Shibasuo and Shilishan reserves. Thus, the TTH operation will not have induced or indirect impacts to the reserves.

Scenic site

The proposed project will cross the Taiping Lake scenic site and near the Huangshan mountain scenic and Jiuhuashan mountain scenic sites. The impact on these scenic sits is detailed in Section 5.8 of this chapter.

The TTH area within the Taipiing lake scenic site is not a major habitat for wildlife and thus will not affect habitat impacts as well as wildlife themselves. The assessment of impacts to vegetation at the shore area of Taiping lake section of the TTH (K 143 to K151) are included in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.

The TTH will not go through Jiuhuashan mountain and Huangshan mountain scenic sites and thus will have no direct impacts. However, as the transportation conditions to these areas will be greatly improved following the completion of the TTH, the traveling time from Tongling to Huangshan Mountain will be reduced by more than one hour. This project will also be a fundamental part of national expressway network, which could attract more tourists all over China due to significantly reduced traveling time, thus a great increase in the number tourists to the scenic sites can be expected. The indirect impacts thus induced from the increased tourist and environmental burden to the scenic sites can be significant. Details are discussed in Section 5.6.1 of this chapter.

5.2.5 l[mpac on Land Use and Reserved IFarmland

The permanent occupation of land under this project is 624.37 ha, including 296.06 ha of farmland which 47.4 % of the total; 270.14 ha of woodland, 43.3% of the total, 253.34 ha of farmland. Table 5-2-5-1 summarized the permanent occupation of land.

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Table 5-2-5-1 Cultivated land and reserved farmland to be occupied by the project land to be Including Name of . permanently Icuig Including reserved Cultivated land Name of township . cultivated land against the total county occupied (mu) farmland (mu) (%) ______~~~~~~(mu)______Tongling Xinjian Township 173.92 145.44 123 62 83 62 County Dongdian Township 442 55 264.44 224 77 59.75 Total 616 47 409.88 348 39 66 5 Xinhe Township 901 25 433 09 376 79 48.05 Rongcheng Township 527 44 339 61 271 69 64 39 Qingyang Yangtian Township 1087.78 751.51 656 07 69 09 County Lingyang Township 934.36 624 8 539 83 66.87 Shaji Township 607.56 409 43 357.92 67 39 Total 4058.39 2558.44 2202.3 63 03 Shitai Liudu Township 209.21 30 29 25 75 14 48 COunty Total 209 21 30 29 25 75 14 48 Guangyang Township 140 33 0 0 0 Taipinghu Township 900.26 162.34 137.99 18.03 Gantang Township 1086 6 483.84 411.26 44.53 Huangshan Xianyuan Township 293.12 73.22 64 43 24.98 District Sankou Township 335.15 187.14 166 55 55.84 Tanjiaqiao Township 1230 2 460.69 405.41 37.45 TamngkouTownship 495.83 75 63 75 15.13 Total 4481 49 1442 23 1249 47 32.18 Grand total 9365 56 4440.84 3800 16 47 4 Note: (D Include East interchange of Qingyang; (©) include Yangtian Service station; (©) Include Lingyang Interchange; (a) Include side way of Gantang Interchange; (5) Include Tanjiaqiao Interchange; © Include Shancha Interchange.

Table 5-2-5-2 summarizes the impact of land occupation. It shows that the reduction rate of cultivated land in Tangkou Township of Huangshan District is the highest, reaching 6.94&, followed by 5.71% of Tanjiaqiao Township.

Table 5-2-5-2 Reduction of Cultivated Land Before the project After the project Reduction Name of Total Area of Cultivated land to Cultivated land cultivated County population cultivated Cultivated land be occupied by perticaptad (ha)d cltianed land (ha) per capita (ha) the project (ha) per capita (ha) land

Tonghng 341774 18338 00 0.0537 27 33 0 0536 0 15 county Xnsjian 10419 767.76 0 0737 9 696 0 0727 1.26 Township Dongdian 20313 1483.53 0.0730 17.63 0.0722 1.19 Township Qingyang 279415 17226 0.0617 170.56 00616 1 13

County ______Rongcheng 18008 1376 9 0.0765 22 64 0.0752 1 96 Township Xinhe 64976 2590 7 0 0399 28.87 0 0394 1.50 Township Yaigtian 21695 1700.6 0.0784 50.10 0 0835 306 Township

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Lingyang 11346 994.8 0 0877 41.65 0 0835 4.79 Township ______Shaji Townshi 9549 993 8 0 1041 27 3 0.1012 2 79 Huangshan 161826 8032 0.0496 96.149 0.0490 1 21

D istrict ______Guangyang 4023 197 0.0490 0 0.0490 0 Township_ Taipinghu 5787 212 0 0366 10.823 0.0348 4 92 Township Gantang 34983 1066.8 0 0305 32.256 0 0296 2.95 Township Xianyuan 11401 662.4 0.0581 4 881 0.0577 0 69 Township Sankou 9477 770.5 0.0813 12.476 0.0800 1 60 Township Tanjiaqiao 8608 543 0 0631 30.713 0.0595 5 71 Townshig_ Tangkou 11566 83 0.0072 5.000 0.0067 6.94 Township 1

It is clear from the above table that, this project will partially change the land use of each county affected, reducing the area of cultivated land (including reserved farmland) and forestland. However the maximum rate of reduction is less than 7% and the minimum, less than 1%. In addition, the local farming system and climate would remain intact, indicating that the agricultural sector will not be significantly affected. Furthermore, the experience of previous expressway projects from 1980's in China shows that the original land use and agricultural structure have not changed. However, in Taipinghu Township, Tanjiaqiao Township and Tangkou township where the cultivated land area is relatively small and the reduction rate is higher (5%), the project would certainly impact on the agricultural production. The project owner will cooperate with the local government to carry out the land reallocation and receive compensation in order to minimize the adverse impact.

5.2.6 Consultation with Bio-diversity Specialists

In view that the project is located in the area with sensitive ecosystems and bio-diversity level is high, an expert consultation meeting is held on July 20 2002 in Nanjing in order to ensure a n accurate and comprehensive bio-diversity assessment. Experts invited to the meeting are from the various fields of bio-diversity such as ecology, zoology, botany, forestry and natural reserve. The topics for consultation are the ecological status, potential impact on bio-diversity and mitigation measures.

5.2.6.1 Result of expert consultation

Table 5-2-6-1 summarizes the consultation result based on merits system derived from the questionnaires filed on by the experts. The detailed questionnaire used in the consultation is included in Appendix 6.

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Table 5-2-6-1 Summary of consultation result Plant Animal protected at Vegetation Plat national level Integrity of Name of Work unit Expert field and forest protection at - Ma regional expert national Amphibi Bir ecosystem level an d mm ecosystem level an d ~~~~als Chen Fudan Ecology 3 2 2 3 3 Jiakuan University Eco'322 33 Wang Nanjing Normal Zoology 3 2 2 2 2 3 Yiguan College_____ Tian Nanjing Hyto ecology2 2 Xingjun University Ht clg Wu Anhui Normal Zoology 3 4 3 Xiaobing College Zoology ._4_3 Zhou Lizhi Anhui Zoogeography 3 3 3 3 University______Tang Huangshan Zoology 3 2 1 2 4 2 Xinsheng Institute Anhui Yuan XUjin Provincial Forestry 3 2 2 Forestry Bureau Jiang Nanjing Mingkang Environmental Natural reserve 3 2 2 2 3 3 Mingkang ~Institute Xue Nanjing Jianhui Forestry Forest ecology 3 2 2 3 3 2 University

In this table, the number represents the level of impacts, which are defined as follows:

Five Classes of impacts to vegetation: 1. Nearly no impact; 2. Impact in construction phase, but will vanish when the construction completes, and the function of forest ecosystem would not be affected; 3. Minor impact on the function of forest ecosystem, but could recover through mitigation; 4. large impact on the function of forest ecosystem, but could recover to some degree after considerable input of human effort and compensation; 5. Significant impact on the function of forest ecosystem, and it is impossible to recover regardless of the artificial effort.

Five classes of impact on plants in national protection lists: 1. No impact; 2. Individual plant is damaged; 3. Community is impacted or large amount of plants is damaged; 4. Some population would vanish; 5. Some species would extinction.

Five classes of impact on animals in the national protection lists I No impact; 2 Individual animal is damaged; 3 Heterogeneity population would appear; 4 Contraction of ecosystem would reduce the population;

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5 Species extinction.

Five classes of impact on the integrity of regional ecosystem: 1. No impact; 2. Minor impact on small part of ecosystem; 3. Serious impact on small part of ecosystem, or minor impact on large part of ecosystem; 4. Serious impact on large part of ecosystem; 5. Significant impact on the regional integrity of ecosystem.

5.2.6.2 Analysis of consultation result

It can be seen from Table 5-2-6-1 that there is consensus among the experts on the impact on vegetation and forest ecosystem and the plants on national protection lists. In general the project will bring minor impact on the function of forest ecosystem, and with mitigation effort the function would recover to the before project level. For plants on the national protection lists, some individual plants will be lost to the highway.

Four experts think that part of the ecosystem would be slightly impacted while five experts think large part will be slightly impacted and small part will be seriously impacted. Two experts express concern of future population increases and development of tourism projects.

There is slight conflict of opinions about the impact on mammals. All of the experts think the project would no impact on the giant salamander. Except two experts think the birds would form heterogeneity population, the reminders think the project would produce slight impact on birds. But several mammals in the national protecction lists, such as neofelis nebulosa, would become heterogeneity population due to ecosystem severance. The habitat will be encroached which could reduce the population of mammals and at the same time some mammals could be injured. In the south mountainous area, the population of neofelis nebulosa is very small, and the major activity area is to the west of the assessment area, therefore it is recommended that the impact on neofelis nebulosa needed not be included in the assessment scope.

5.2.7 Conclusionm of impact on ecology

Based upon the above assessment, the following conclusion of the impacts on ecology has been drawn:

O The natural ecosystem in the south mountainous area has already become fragments due to years of cultivation, construction and other human activities. There is no natural ecosystem area of more than 1000 km2 in this region and the existing individual natural ecosystems larger than 100 km2 are primarily located in Huangshan scenic site, Jiulongfeng and Dahongling. Most of the more fragmented ecosystems are smaller than 100 km2. The proposed TTH will cross several areas with less human activities, such as Shitai County, Qimen County and the east edge of Huangshan District. In these areas, the TTH will further fragment the natural ecosystems. But there will be no impact on the core area on the west part, from Jiulongfeng-Wuxishan-Dahongling-Shitai-Laoshan. o This project would not result in extinction of any species. The potential impact on bio-diversity is limited to contraction of wildlife activity areas for some important mammals or heterogeneity population

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for others. * Loss of biomass willl occur due to tree cutting. The overall landscape of forest within the project area will be changed by construction and operation of the highway, forming forest gaps. A small number of individual plants under the national protection lists may be damaged or cut. The bare soil created in construction and operation phase could become the corridor for intrusion of exotic or foreign species. The pine nematode may potentially be brought into the area along with the transportation of pine timber products during the construction and operation of the highway. * The slag tapping or stockpiling would injure amphibian and reptiles, but the impact will disappear with the commence of operation; The influx of construction workers will bring with them some rodents which typically accompany human being. As a result, the quantity of colony of mammals that feed on rodents will increase in the areas. * The corridor blocking effect on the mammals protected at national level are reflected in isolation or severance by the highway of neofelis nebulosa and black elk population. Although there will be tunnels and ridges over the major activity area of these animals to serve as their pathways, these mammals would become heterogeneity population due to ecosystem fragmentation. * This project will cause virtually no impact on ecology of the "three zones". The resulting influx of tourists would increase the loads to the scenic sites and forest park, which are the subject of another section in this chapter. * In general, the project will not cause large impact on the agricultural ecology. But the Zhongdun Village and Shancha Village where the Tanjiaqiao and Shancha interchanges are located will suffer a significant loss of cultivated land and a high level of impact.

5.2.8 Mitigation Measures

In order to minimize the adverse impacts of the TTH construction and operation, a series of preventive and mitigation measures are planned and designed. These measures are to be taken during the design, construction and operation stages, as described as follows.

5.2.8.1 Design stage

The following ecological protection and impacts mitigation measures are to be taken during design stage:

Minimization of land occupation

During the preparation of preliminary design, the planned land occupation will be minimized. The best effort will be given to the selection of alignment to avoid well cultivated land and valuable or otherwise sensitive forest. Instead, waste land, shrub, hilly area or dry farmland will be given the first consideration when it comes to alignment selection and land occupation.

During the preparation of construction drawings, the temporary occupation of land will be largely limited to road beds. Sensitive forestland, especially the secondary broad-leave forestland will be avoided when planning temporary occupation of land. (Distribution of secondary forest is shown in Figure4-3-3-1)

89 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

When the proposed highway cross the farmland with high yield, the road bed will be installed with retaining wall and the excavation width and stockpiling of the spoil will be minimized.

Use of local tree, shrub and grass in greening

The trees, shrub and grass will be planted at the land permanently occupied. In order to prevent the intrusion of exotic species, all bare soil resulting from various construction activities will be landscaped with local species of plants. In the flat area where the population settlements are dense, the greening and landscaping will be created at the two sides of the highway to mitigate the potential impact of the project during operation phase.

For the road sections which cross forest, the greening plan will be designed against the forest background to harmonize with the surrounding environment. Alternatively, the forest edge landscape will be restored. For the road sections to be greened, it is recommended that only the plants from local species will be used.

The structure of greening is based on the mixture of arbor, shrub and grass, the mixture of evergreen tree and deciduous trees, broad-leave trees and coniferous trees. All of the plants to be used in the road side landscaping must use indigene species.

Greening buffer areas

The lighting from moving motor vehicles and the road lamp could impact animals active at night. To mitigate this potential impacts, dense shrubs will be planted at the both sides of K138-K160 and K173+500 sections. The shrub wall will be 1.5 m -2 m wide in order to prevent the light from penetrating through it and into the forest. At the ends of tunnels, dense buffer belts also will be developed in order not only to prevent adverse impact caused by the vehicle lighting and noise to wild animals, but to prevent accidental falls of wild animals. The safety of vehicle and wild animals can be safeguarded at the same time.

Animal paths

At each road section, there will be bridges, tunnels and/or culverts that could also serve as animal paths/crossings to the other side of the highway (see details in Table 5-2-3-1). There are 21, 18 and 5 large paths in the outside area of Huangshan Showplace, Shilishan Nature Reserve and Yangmei Village, respectively. The EA team recommended the design engineers to re-design a road section between the film production base (K188) and Shancha village. One tunnel and three large bridges have been added as a result in the revised design in order to provide sufficient paths for large animals.

As tt may take several years before wild animals can adapt the artificial paths, the natural vegetation covering the land at the end of tunnel and under bridge will need to be particularly protected during construction phase. After the construction, the land near paths will be replanted with local arbor and the signs of human activities will be cleaned up to the highest extent possible.

Camouflage building

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On both sides of the highway especially both ends of the animal paths, spatial greening will be designed to form a landscape similar to that in the natural background. The piers of elevated viaducts, bridges and interchanges, spatial greening also will be carried out. At the same time, several support stands, about 20-30 cm long and 5-15 cm wide, will be installed on the pier at various height. These supporting stand would help to attract birds and help wild animals to adapt the new environment as quickly as possible.

5.2.8.2 Construction phase

Re-landscaping of occupied land

The land temporarily occupied by the project would be re-cultivated immediately after the construction. The mellow soil layer, about 30-40 cm thick, will be first collected and stored. When the construction activities at the site terminate, the soil will be returned to cover the temporarily occupied land and then landscaped on the top. The deep borrow pits that cannot be restored for cultivation for economic reason will be converted into fish ponds, for landscaping or recreation.

In the hilly area, tall arbor trees will be retained as much as possible in the land temporarily occupied. For area requiring complete disturbance, the surface layer of soil will first be removed and stored, which will then be used for restoration, reclamation and landscaping after the construction.

Minimizing impact on wild life

Forestland is the key section for ecological protection. The construction activities will be scientifically scheduled to minimize the construction period on forestland and the explosion operation also will be minimized in order to minimizing the disturbance to wild animals in the area.

The contractor will be requested to cooperate with the forest agency to locate construction sites, camps and temporary access road. The construction camps will not be allowed to build in forestland and the construction of the camps will be controlled to minimize damage to soil and vegetation.

After determining the exact location of forestland to be occupied by the project, the contractor will be requested to invite the technical staff of local forestry station to identify and label the plants under the national protection lists. (see Annex I). The labeled trees will be transplanted to the nursery of Shilishan Reserve or to a nearby unaffected place.

In order to protect forest ecosystem and reduce the forest edge effects, in the highway sections crossing forestland (Kl38 to K160, K173+500 to Shancha), a protection line/protection zone will be defined and drawn jointly by local forestry agency and contractors. At the early stage of construction, guarding wall or bank may be constructed to prevent vehicle and people from entering tin the protected zones.

The construction activities will be carefully scheduled to avoid the peak time of for wild animals activities. Explosion operation will be prohibited in the morning, dusk and night since such time frames are the peak active time for wild animals. From the end of autumn to the next early spring is the reproduction period for neofelis nebulosa. Explosion operation will not be allowed from November to the next March at the section

91 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA from Shilishan to Shancha.

Borrow pit and disposal site

The borrow pit will be selected at hills, waste land, or bare land. The quality farmland will not be used for borrow pits. In addition, the soil profile will be surveyed in order to determine the depth of the borrow pit. The surface clay layer will be retained at the borrow pit for the purposes of prevention of soil degradation and also for future opportunity of development.

The waste materials will not be allowed to dump in any stream or at the riverside.

The slag stockpile will be selected at the valley plain where soil erosion potential is very low. Retaining dams will be constructed around such sites.

Screening the exotic timber

According to the Clause 11 of Method for Pine Nematode Management in Anhui Province, host plants of Pine Nematode are prohibited from entering into the area under stringent prevention and protection against pine nematode, such as the Huangshan District. In order to prevent pine nematode from entering into this area, it is recommended that the foreign pine timbers that are prone to pine nematode will be banned for use in the project. The materials for package will be clearly explained in contractors' bidding documents. Timber materials either for construction or package in this project will be those from the local market or foreign timber only after pre-treatment.

Education and training

The public and contractor education bill boards for environmental protection will be erected around the construction sites before ground breaking. Seminars on environmental protection and bio-diversity will be provided to contractors. The construction workers will be organized to study relevant ecological protection regulations, technology, and method for identification and protection of sensitive wildlife.

Incentives will be provided to the workers who are active in environmental protection. At the same time, any damages to the ecosystems, such as wild animals killing and protective plant species cutting without proper procedures, will be punished.

Construction supervision

Full-time environmental staff from the construction supervision companies and the project proponent will be assigned as the ecological supervisors during the construction phase. The local environmental agency and forestry agency will carry out site inspection regularly, to examine the implementation of ecological protection measures and quarantine the pine benatode.

5.2.8.3 Operation Phase

92 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

During the operation phase of the TTH, the following mitigation measures will be taken:

* Erect warning signs about the forest pest and applicable bans to certain materials from entering into the sensitive area. The signs will be located at the highway entrances and set a forest diseases and insect pests prevention station along the road before the Huangshan section to prevent pine nematode. * Enhancement of environmental management and regulate the construction activities. At the both side of the road section which cross the animal active area (K138-K142, K151-160, K173+500 to Chancha), dense tree fencing will be planted. At the both end of the section, a explosion ban sign will be installed. * Emergency capacity building for ecosystem safety will be implemented. Cooperation with the Wannan First-aid Center for Wild Animals is critical to the protection of wild animals on construction site.

5.2.8.4 Other measures

The project area is very rich in bio-diversity. Good ecological protection may not be possible by single agency or organization, but rather will be based on multi-agency and multi-disciplinary cooperation effort, such as the follows:

Protection measures for Wannan ecosystem

The protection, compensation and recovery of bio-diversity may also be supported by mitigation measures taken outside the affected area

From the analysis of ecosystem integrity, the area covering Huangshan Landscape Showplace, Shitai County, Qimen County and Qian County, particularly Jiulongfeng-Wuxishan-Dahongling-Shitai-Laoshan, is remote from human active area. The ecosystem intactness in these regions is good. Thus these areas will be the core of the south mountainous ecosystem where the precious species may take as habitats. This project will contribute effort to the protection of the reserves in order to provide better opportunity for development and growth of precious species. These measures are also critical components of the mitigation measures.

Proper planning and comprehensive decision-making process

The planning for various sectors will be based on inter-institutional and multi-discipline cooperation between forestry, environment, transportation, hydrology and land agencies, in order to avoid conflict between these planning. Such planning and decision making process will be taken particularly when it comes to activities which could potentially affect the ecosystem of the region

Wannan Wild Life Foundation

The protection of wild life needs significant funding resources. Currently most of the fund for protection and preventive programs come from government grants or donation from international organizations. Still, in many economic disadvantaged regions, wild lives have not been effectively and properly protected due to short in funding. With the rapid growth of the economy and income among the people of China, personal or company donation can be expected to increase along with the growing environmental concerns and awareness among the general public. Government will consider to initiate a Wannan Wild Life Foundation by

93 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA inputting a base fund to stimulate more donation from individuals and companies.

5.3 Noise Impact

5.3.1 Noise Impact during Construction Phase

Various construction equipment will be used for the construction of the TTH which will include highways, bridges, tunnels, elevated viaduct, fly-overs and supporting and other facilities. In addition, explosion operation, excavation, and pavement will affect the acoustic environmental quality near the construction sites. Typically, noise from the construction machinery is high and irregular and impacts noise-sensitive spots along the TTH alignment including significant scenic sites, schools and residential areas. Furthermore, as the construction period can be long (2003-2007), the noise impacts will last in that period as well.

The major noise source during the construction phase is construction equipment and the transportation vehicles. The noise level at different distances from different construction equipment (excavator, bulldozer, land leveler, mixer, road roller, spreader, etc.) is shown in Table 5-3-1-1.

Table 5-3-1-1 Noise Level at Different Distance caused by major equipment Unit: dlB Nameof 5m 10 m 20m 40m 60m 80m lOom 150m 200m equipment Loader 90 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 Vibratory roller 86 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64 5 62 60 56.5 54 Land leveler 90 84 78 72 68 5 66 64 60 5 58 Excavator 84 78 72 66 62 5 60 58 54.5 52 Spreadser 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 Amalgamator 87 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 Note: The noise level at 5 m from the source is measured value.

Besides the above noise machinery, explosion operation will be needed at several mountain sections. The explosion operation will be carefully scheduled in day time and the local people will be informed with the schedule in advance. The potential noise impact from this operation to human health and the daily life of the residents is not expected to be significant, but it will possibly disturb the wild life.

According to the "Noise Limit for the Construction Site Boundary" GB12523-90), the noise limit for day time is 70-75dB(A) and 55dB (A) at night. Compared with Table 5-3-1-1 it is clear that the noise level at 40 m from the source in day time and about 200 m at night can meet the applicable standards.

There are several houses within 40 m from the proposed TTH alignment and thus the construction sites. However, the natural barriers, such as rising terrain and trees around some of the houses would significantly attenuate the noise before it reaches the sensitive receptors. For these villages, noise levels in daytime arising from equipment operation can basically meet the limit. For other villages where there is no natural barrier, noise levels are expected to exceed the applicable limit if located less than 40 m from the construction sites. At night, however, the construction operation would significantly higher than the applicable standards because the standards are much more stringent and impacted areas are much bigger, disturbing the people within the assessment area. Therefore specific mitigation measures will be developed for such road sections.

94 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.3.2 Traffic Noise during Operation Phase

During the operation phase, the noise will mostly be caused by the traffic flow of motor vehicles on the highway. The noise impact to all sensitive receptors is forecasted through modeling for the short, medium and long terms. On this basis, effective mitigation measures could be developed based on the noise forecast which will also be a basis for future rural development planning.

5.3.2.1 Traffic Flow and Proportion of Vehicle Types

Based on the Feasibility Study Report for Tongling-Tangkou Highway Project, the future traffic flow has been forecasted and provided in Table 3-7-1 and the proportion of vehicle types and the traffic flow in day-time and night time period are given in Table 5-3-2-2.

Table 5-3-2-2 Proportion of vehi le types and traffic flow in day and night time Truck °% Bus % Hourly traffic flow in Small Medium Big Towed Container Small Medium Big bus day-time against night time truck truck truck truck truck bus bus 17 84 14.32 5 57 1.40 0.04 42 57 15.49 2 77 5.7

5.3.2.2 Hourly Traffic Flow

Based on Table 3-7-1 and 5-3-2-2, the hourly traffic flow on each road section for 2008, 2014 and 2022 for short, medium and long terms has been estimated and presented in Table 5-3-2-3.

Table 5-3-2-3 Hourly Traffic Flow Unit: vehicle/hr Day time |Night time Road section Year . . Medium Small Big Medium Small Big vehicle vehicle vehicle vehicle vehicle vehicle Strating point -Xiaxi 2008 68 171 763 12 30 134 Fly-over 2014 91 228 1031 16 40 181 2022 119 296 1333 21 52 234 Xiaxi Fly-over- 2008 96 239 1077 17 42 189 Qingyangdong fly- over 2014 136 336 1499 24 59 263 2022 182 444 1989 32 78 349 Qinyandonfl- oer- 2008 79 199 889 14 35 156 Qingyangdong Fly-over 2014 114 279 1254 20 49 220 Lingyang Fly-over 2022 153 376 1657 27 66 294 Lingyang Fly-over- 2008 68 165 741 12 29 130 Gantangbei Fly-over 2014 91 228 1014 16 40 178 2022 125 307 1368 22 54 240 Gantangbei Fly-over- 2008 68 176 792 12 31 139 Tanjiaqiao Fly-over 2014 96 245 1088 17 43 191 T 2022 131 324 1442 23 57 253 2008 74 176 809 13 31 142 anjiaqiao Fly-over-Shan cha 2014 96 245 1105 17 43 194 Fly-over 2022 131 324 1443 23 57 254

95 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.3.2.3 Noise Prediction Model

Noise level projection model is a major tool for road planning, building layout on road sides, impact assessment and development of mitigation measures. Noise level determined by several factors, such as traffic parameters (traffic flow, vehicle speed and vehicle types), topography of the area where the road is located, road surface, etc.

According to the design documents of this project, the traffic flow will vary in different years, and on some road sections the difference is very large. The model recommended in the "Specifications for Environment Assessment for Road Construction Project (interim edition)" will be applied for this project for noise projection. Based on the previous experience within the country, the recommended model is suitable for noise projection at high traffic flow condition, such as traffic levels exceeding 20000 pcu/d.

The model for estimating the noise level at the measurement point when the ith type vehicle running in day time or night time:

(L ) = L +10 lg ( N, AALL + AL + AL - 13

Where: (LAeq) X-noise level at the measurement point when i type vehicle running in day time or night time, dB;

L, 1-Average noise tensity of i type vehicle, dB; N1-Average hourly traffic flow of i type vehicle, pcu/hr; VI-Average running speed of i type vehicle, km/h; T-Time for LAeq projection, lh; A L wg-The attenuated level at the measure point with the distance of r from the i type of vehicle, dB; A L ue-Amended value for the effect of longitudinal slope, dB; A L ms,,--Amended value for the effect of road surface, dB;

The model for estimating the noise level at the measure point during day time or night time:

(LAeq)==O1g[lo 0(L A,q )L +1 0 I(LAJq)M +0 o1I(LA.q)S ALI AL 2

Various parameters and coefficients in the models are determined as follows:

Vehicle speed Average running speed for small-size vehicle: v,=237X ° 1602 Where: X-Traffic flow of small-size vehicle on hourly basis, pcu/hr;

Average running speed for medium-size vehicle: vm=22X 0 1747 Where: X-Traffic flow of medium-size vehicle on hourly basis, pcu/hr Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Average running speed for large-size vehicle: vl=vmX8O% Where: vyi-Average running speed of medium-size vehicle, km/h;

Noise radiation level L. dR) Noise radiation level The following formula would be applied for estimating the noise radiation level for various types of vehicle: Small-size vehicle: LW,,=59.3+0.23v, Medium-size vehicle: Lw,m=62.6+0.32v, Large-size vehicle: Lw l=77.2+0.18vj Attenuation by distance Interval between i type vehicle in day time and night time: d, I OOOv,/N,

The distance r2 between the measurement point and the vehicle:

r 2 = DD Where: Dn-The distance between the measurement point and the near lane, m; Dr-The distance between the measurement point and the far lane, m.

The following formula would be applied for estimating the attenuated value by distances.

When r2 <,d,/2 A Ldistance,i =KIK2201g(r2/7.5) When r2>d,/2

ALdis ta ce I = 20 K, K 2 Ig + Ig r2

Where: The constant (K1) for the terrain condition between the measurement point and the road would be designated to be 1.0;

Amended noise level caused by longitudinal slope The formula for calculation of the amended noise levelALs,ope affected by the longitudinal slope of road:

Small-size vehicle: A L51,0p = 50 X , dB Medium-size vehicle: A L, 1pe =73 X 0 , dB Large-size vehicle: A L, 10p =98 X , dB Where: D -Longitudinal slope gradient of road, % The maximum longitudinal slope gradient of the proposed road is 3%

Amended noise level caused by the surface condition of road The amended noise level ALsu,face affected by the surface condition of road would be selected from the following table: Road surface ALsu,fce(dB) Asphalt 0 Concrete I-2(S Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Note: When the quantity of small-size vehicle accounts for more than 60% of the total, the upper limit will be selected, otherwise, the lower limit will be selected.

Amended noise level A LI caused by bend road or limited length of road The arnended noise level A LI caused by bend road or limited length of road will be calculated out by the following formula:

ALI=-101g0/180 , dB

Where: 0-The included angle from the measurement point to the two ends of the road, ( °)

Amended noise level caused by obstacles

The amended noise level affected by the obstacles between the measurement point and the road, A L2

A L2 = A L2forest + A L2bulding + A L2acoustic shadow

A L2 w.# will be selected according to the following table r ~Depth of forest l 30 60 l >60 Noise reduction 5 10 I 10

A L2 will be selected from the following table

Rows of building from the road House area accounts for % of the area from Noise reduction the road center and the measurement point The first row 40-60% 3.0 70-90% 5.0 For each row added 1.5 will be added Continuous addition of rows Maximum is 10

A L2acoustic shadow A L2acoustic shadow iS the noise reduction by road structure. The noise radiation could be obstructed by the road embankment or road ditch, forming an acoustic shadow which will reduces the noise intensity.

5.3.2.4 Projected Noise Levels

Based on the noise projection models and the assumed parameters, noise levels have been projected for the key years (2008, 2014 and 2022). The scope of the projection is limited to the area 30-200 m from the central line of the road or the first row of buildings along the highway.

The rolling terrain along the highway makes it difficult to project the noise level. To simplify the process, noise level is projected on the assumption of flat roadbed for each road sections for the key years of 2008, 2014 and 2022. In the case of detailed projection for each sensitive receptor, the type of roadbed and height of roadbed will be taken into account separately.

Table 5-3-2-4 shows the projected noise level along the road.

98 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

From Table 5-3-2-4, it can be seen that the projected noise level for key years will vary due to varying traffic flows on each road section. In general, the projected traffic flow derived from the Feasibility Study Report is very large. The short-term traffic flow on the highway exceeds 20,000 pcu/d in all sections, particularly that from Xiaxichong Fly-over to Qingyangdong Fly-over sections where the traffic flow will exceed 31,855 pcu/d. For the long-term, traffic flow will exceed 40,000 pcu/d except the starting section where the traffic flow is 39,323 pcu/d. Such high traffic will result in high noise levels for short, medium and long terms. The conservative projection has been undertaken on the assumption of flat roadbed throughout the route. In fact, the rolling terrain and the vegetation screen will attenuate the noise level somewhere before it reaches the receptors. Therefore it is thought that the actual noise level will be lower than the projected.

99 Tongling-Tangkou Highway ELA

Table 5-3-2-4 Projected noise level on typical road sections Unit: dB(A) Distance from the central line of road (mi) 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2008 Day time 70.1 67 8 66.1 64.7 63.7 62.9 61 5 60.4 59 5 58 7 58 0 57.5 Starting pont 2 Night time 60.9 58 6 56 8 55 4 54.1 53.1 51.3 49.9 48 7 47 6 46 7 45.9 2014 Day time 72.3 70 1 68 3 67.4 66 4 65 6 64.3 63 2 62.4 61.5 60.9 60.4 Xiax2chong Night time 63 1 60 8 59 1 57.6 56 4 55 4 53.6 52 2 50.9 49 9 49.0 48 1 2022 Day time 74.7 72 5 71.1 69.9 69 0 68 2 66 9 65.9 65 0 64.4 63.8 63.3 Night time 65 3 63 0 61.2 59.8 58.6 57 5 55 7 54 3 53 5 52.0 51 0 50 3 2008 Day time 71.7 69.5 67.8 66.7 65 7 64 9 63.6 62 5 61 6 60 8 60 2 59.7 Night time 62.3 60.1 58 3 56.9 55.6 54 6 52.8 51 4 50.2 49.1 48.2 47.3 Xaxchong 2014 Day time 74.4 72 3 71 0 69 9 68.9 68.1 66.9 65.8 65.1 64 4 63.9 63.4 Qingyangdong 2 Nighttime 64.8 62 5 61 0 593 58 1 57 1 55.3 53 9 52.6 51.5 50 7 49 9 2022 Day time 77 0 75 3 73.9 72.9 72.0 71.3 70.1 69.2 68 5 67 9 67.3 68 8 Night time 67.1 64.9 63.1 61.7 60 5 59.4 57.7 56.1 55.1 54 2 53.4 52 8 Day time 70.7 68.5 66.8 65.4 64.4 63 6 62.2 611 60 2 59.4 58.7 58.1 Qingyan2dong Night time 61.5 59.2 57.5 56.0 54.8 53 8 52 0 50 6 49 3 48.3 47 3 46 5 gY2014 Day time 73.4 71.1 69.7 68.5 67.6 66 8 65.5 64.4 63 5 62.9 62.3 61 8 Lingyang Night time 64.0 61.7 59.9 58.5 57.3 56 3 54 5 53.1 51.8 50 8 49 9 49.0 2022 Day time 75.8 74.0 72.6 71.5 70.6 69.9 68.5 67 6 66 9 66 3 65.7 65 2 Night time 66.4 64.1 62 4 60.9 59.7 58.7 56.9 55.5 54 1 53 2 52.5 51 8 2008 Day time 67.5 65.3 63.4 62.2 61.2 60.3 58.9 57 7 56 8 56 0 55.3 54.6 Lingyan0 Nighttime 58.8 56 5 54 7 533 52 1 51 0 49.3 47.9 46 6 45.6 44 7 43 9 mgyang 2014 Day time 70.0 67.7 66.3 65.1 64.1 63.2 61.9 60.8 59.8 59 1 58.5 58 0 Gantangbei Night time 61.0 58.8 57.0 55.6 54.3 53 3 51.5 50.1 48 9 47 8 46.7 46.0 2022 Day time 72.5 70.6 69.2 68.0 67.1 66.3 64.9 64 0 63.2 62.5 62.0 61 4 Night time 63 4 61.2 59.4 58.0 56 8 55 7 54.0 52.5 51.2 50.3 49.5 48 8 2008 Day time 67.7 65 5 63 7 62.5 61.5 60.6 59 2 58 1 57.2 56.4 55 6 55 1 Night time 58 9 56.6 54.8 53.4 52.2 51 1 49.4 47.9 46.7 45.6 44.7 43 9 Gantangbei 2014 Day time 70 3 68.2 66 7 65.6 64 6 63.8 62.4 61.4 60 5 59.8 59.2 58 7

Tanjiaqiao Night time 61.3 59 0 57.3 55 8 54.6 53 6 51 8 50.4 49.1 48.1 47 1 46.4 2022 Day time 73 3 70 8 68.9 67 4 66 1 64 9 63.0 61 8 60.7 59.9 59.1 58 4 Night time 64.6 62.4 60 6 59 2 57.9 56 9 55 1 53 7 52.5 51 6 50 8 50 1 2008 Day time 67 9 65.7 63.9 62 7 61.7 60 8 59 4 58 3 57 4 56 6 55 8 55 3 Tanjiaqia0 Night time 59.0 56 8 55.0 53.6 52.4 51 3 49.5 48.1 46 9 45 8 44 9 44 1 Tanjiaq2ao 014 Day time 70.4 68.2 66.8 65.6 64 7 63.9 62.5 61.4 60.5 59.9 59.3 57.5 Shn 2h0 Night time 61.3 59.1 57.3 55.9 54.6 53.6 51.8 50 4 49.2 48 1 47.1 46.4 Sanca 2022 Day time 72.7 70 9 69.5 68.3 67 4 66 6 65 2 64.3 63.5 62.9 62 3 61.8 Nighttime 63 6 61.4 59.6 58 2 57.0 55.9 54.2 52.8 51.5 50.6 49.8 49.1 100 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.3.3 Noise projection and assessment for sensitive receptors

The projected noise level on road sections has been modified to reflect the local acoustic environmental conditions. The modified noise level has been compounded with the baseline noise level to forecast the noise level at the receptor. The modification of noise level will take into account of topography and vegetation cover. Most of the houses nearest to the road are one storie building without windows on the side walls.

Different assessment criteria will be applied for different receptors. Therefore the receptors have been classified into three groups, i.e., schools, villages and seniors houses. The No. 46 document issued by SEPA "Reply to the issues concerning applicable standards for environmental noise assessment for road construction project" has been applied for assessment of noise level at the villages and schools. The Class 4 standard of "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Area" (GB3096-93) has been applied to the residential area and the buildings nearest to the road. Class I has been selected for the particularly sensitive receptors such as schools and seniors houses for both day time and night time. Table 5-3-3-1 shows the estimated environmental noise level at sensitive villages, and Table 5-3-3-2 and 5-3-3-3 show the noise level for school and seniors houses, respectively.

The projected noise level at receptors shows that, the non-compliance of standard is commonly in the first 50 km of the highway in the north part due to flat terrain. The hilly terrain and the sparse population in the south part, together with good vegetation cover, help the noise level in compliance with the standards. The detailed assessment for noise level for short, medium and long terms is as follows:

Day Time

Acoustic environmental assessmentfor the villages

In year 2008, noise levels in all of the villages will meet the Class I standard (7OdB(A)) according to the modeling results. In medium term (2014), however, noise at six villages will exceed the standard. These six receptors are all located near S103 and thus under the combined impact of noise from the proposed highway and the existing road. The exceedance of standard will be about 0.1 -3.5 dB(A), in most case within I dB(A).

Over the long term (2022, noise level in 20 villages will exceed the standard due to the increased traffic and combined impact of noise from the proposed road and S103. The exceedance will be about 0.8-5.9 dB(A).

Schools

Except Fenliu Primary School located in K123+650 and separated from the highway by a small hill, all other schools will exceed the applicable standard (55 dB(A)) in 2008, 2014 and 2022. The exceedance will be quite significant (Table 5-3-3-4) affecting classes and other school activities.

101 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-3-3-4 Noise Level Exceedance at Schools (unit: dB(A)) School name Year 200S Year 2014 Year 2022 Excess value Excess value Excess value Dongdian Primary School 4 5 6 6 9 2 Hongshan Paimary School 6.0 9.0 12.0 Xinzhong Village Primary School 5.5 8.6 11.6 Dongpu Primary School 5.2 8.4 11.2

Seniors Houses The senior houses would need a quiet environment for the elderly who can be sensitive and may not be in good health.. The noise modeling results show that the two senior houses will have high noise levels significantly exceeding the standard in 2008,2014 and 2022 (Table 5-3-3-5)

Table 5-3-3-5 Noise leveR exceedance at seniors houses (unit: dB(A)) Name oftheseniorhousesYear 2008 Year 2014 Year 2022 Excess value Excess value Excess value Shaji Township Senior houses 12.6 15.1 17 6 Sankou Village Senior houses 5.0 8 1 9 8

Acoustic Environmental l[rmpact Assessment for Night Time

Villages

In year 2008 noise level at 19 villages will be exceed Class 4 standard with the exceedance of 0.3 -4.4 dB(A). The noise level will further increase and by year 2014, 28 villages will not meet Class 4 standard with the excess values of 0.6-6.9 dB(A). Over the long term, noise level at 41 villages will exceed Class 4 standard with the excess scope of 1.0-9.2 dB(A).

Schools

The schools along the proposed route are all primary schools without any boarding facilities and there is no night class in these schools. Therefore it is unnecessary to assess the acoustic environmental impact at night.

Senior houses

The noise levels at the two senior houses exceed the standard (45 dB) significantly in 2008, 2014 and 2022, as shown in the following table.

Table 5-3-3-6 Noise level exceedance at seniors houses (unit: dB(A)) Name of the senior houses I Year 2008 Year 2014 Year 2022 Excess value Excess value Excess value Shaji Township Senior houses 13.9 16 1 18 5 Sankou Village Senior houses 5.3 7.7 11 0

The mitigation measures will be designed based on specific conditions of these receptors where the noise level exceeds the standard. The facilities for environmental protection will be designed according to the "Design Specifications for Road Environmental Protection" (JTJ/T006-98)

102 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-3-3-1 Noise Projection for Villages along the Proposed Road Unit: dB Differential height Projected noise level and excess value N. NmorN. obetween the projection 2008 2014 2022 No. Name of receptor No. of pile pon. n oa ufc point_androadsurfa(en) Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time Duchong K78+130-K78+250 4 60 5 51 6 62 8 53 4 667 55.0

2 Zhufan K78+900-K79+400 10 63 0 49 9 63 9 52 1 65 3 54 1

3 Shenglong K79+950-K80+100 -4 57 4 48.0 590 493 61 1 51 0

Residential block at 67 9 58.8 701 610 72 7 63 2 4 Dongdian Township K83+600-K83+650 3 Development Zone 38 0l 60 27 82 5 Panlong K84+100-K84+300 4 67 0 56 8 688 589 70 9 61 1 - 18 - 3 9 09 61 6 Fengshu K84+900-K85+000 -4 58 2 50 2 615 51 9 63.5 53 7

7 Xiaowei K85+700-K85+800 7 60 7 54 2 65.2 55 9 68 5 58 1 ______~~~~ - ~~~-- 0 9 3.1 8 Zhaoling K87+060-K87+100 -3 64 5 58 6 699 606 72 3 62 9 3 6 5 6 23 7 9 9 Hamaling K87+200-K87+380 4 66 3 57 2 68 4 59 2 70.8 61 4 22 5 2 08 64 10 Baimatang K95+600-K95+800 2 68 8 59 2 715 61 6 74 5 64 0 4 2 15 6 6 4 5 9 0 11 Qingshan K96+250-K96+300 12 60 7 514 63 4 53 1 664 55 0

12 No 2 Group ofluanjie K97+100-K97+400 +4/-4 66.7 57 3 69.4 598 72 0 62 1 Village - 23 - 4 8 2 0 7.1 13 No 9 Group ofTuanjie K97+750-K98+200 7 62 8 53 3 66.0 55 6 68 9 58 3 13 ~~~Village - - 06 - 33

14 Guangrong Village KIOO+200-KIOO+400 6 652 55 0 684 57 6 715 600 - - - 26 15 50 15 No 4 Group of KIOI+000-KIOI+I00 4/ 67 0 57 3 696 59 6 73 3 62 1 Guangrong Village -2 - 2 3 46 3 3 71 16 VNilage K102+000-K102+600 4 66 5 57 1 693 4 5 2 3 619

103 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Differential height Projected noise level and excess value No. Name of receptor No. of pile between the projection 2008 2014 2022 No. Name ~~~~~~~~~~~pointand road surface (mn) Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time

17 No14 Group of K103+300-K103+400 4 65.0 55 3 67.8 58 0 70.8 60 4 Guangming Village - 0.3 - 3.0 0 8 5 4 18 No 6 Group of K103+550-K103+650 -4/4 66.5 57.1 69.3 59 5 72.3 61.9 Guangming Village - 2 1 - 45 23 6.9 19 Wolidui K105+250-K105+450 4/-8 65.7 56 3 684 58.8 72.0 62.1 59- 1 3 - 38 2.0 7 1 20 Malong K106+000-KI06+300 -4/-8 59.5 50.1 6.3 52 5 670 56 1

21 Tianfan K106+400-K106+500 6 618 52.1 64.4 540 680 57.1 2 1 6/ 63 3 53.6 65 8 56 0 68.8 58.7 22 Luochong K107+700-K108+800 -8 - . . -8 1.0 3 7 23 Zucun K II I +1I 00-K III1+400 2 66 8 57.3 700 60.2 72 9 62 1 23___ Zucun Klil+lOO~K1 0- 23 - 5.2 5 9 7.1

24 Nanfu K II+900-K112+300 3 68 5 59.1 713 61 5 743 63 9 ____ - 4.1 13 6 5 43 8.9 25 Jingtianzu K116+100-K116+500 6 65.7 56.3 68 4 58 8 711 61 4 25 Jingtianzu K 1 16+ 1 00-K 1 16_500 6 - 1 3 - 3 8 11 6.4 26 Gongqiao K117+000-K117+200 -4/-6 60.8 50 4 62.5 52 5 65 1 56 7 ____ - - - -- 1 7 27 Pingqiao K117+300-K117+500 -3--8 613 51.9 63 8 54 0 66 6 56.9 ____ - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- - - 19 28 Sanqiao K117+600-K117+800 4-1 68 8 59 4 73.5 619 741 64 2 ____ - 44 3.5 69 41 9.2 29 Dongpu K118+450-K118+800 2-6/-4 58 7 59.3 714 61.8 74 0 64 1 4.3 14 68 40 91 30 Wuji K121+900-K122+200 -6-10 57.8 48 5 604 508 63 0 53.1

31 Shuwu K120+480-K120+540 -10 51 0 42.2 53.6 43 5 565 45 3

32 Yuanqiao village K124+800-K124+900 -6--16 52.8 43 3 55 7 44.8 58 6 47 4

33 Ningchong K124+980-K125+050 -10 55 2 45.6 57.3 47 7 602 50 1

34 Shicun K125+300-K125+600 7-10 61 0 51.7 63 6 53 9 664 56 0 I 1

104 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Differential height Proected noise level and excess value N. NmorN. obetween the projection 2008 2014 2022 point and road surface Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time (m) 35 Wucun K126+800-K127+000 4/-12 65 7 56 3 68 4 58 8 710 61.1 3u+ 74- 1.3 - 3 8 I 0 6 1 36 Jieshiting K128+200-K128+550 5-8 64 0 54 7 66 7 57 1 69 0 59.2 - - - ~~~~~~~~~~~21 4 2 37 Xuqiao K130+250K130+420 2 63 7 53 4 66.9 55 8 700 582 J~~LJ Ia~~~J a~~I.Jt.h.~~~~,v~~~1xn4v-rtU - 9 ~~~~-- 0.8 - 3 2 38 Xiaxi K131+350-K131+720 2/-8 68.6 59.3 71.4 61.7 74.4 64 1 3aKI72- 43 1 4 67 44 9.1 39 Yuetang K132+550-K132+700 6 63 3 54.0 66.0 56 8 68 3 58.5 - - - 1 8 - 3.5 40 Qiaotouwang K133+600-K133+720 8 60 8 51 2 63 3 53 9 65 9 56 0 1 - -I- 10 41 Taling K135+500-K135+650 -14--8 55.1 45.6 57 0 47 4 59 1 49 6

42 No. Group ofYangmei K136+400-K136+600 4 615 52 2 64 2 54 4 67 2 56 9 Village - - - - - 1 9 43 Pingtangcun group of K136+850K137+300 4 59 9 50 0 62 3 52 1 64 6 54 5 43yangmei_village K136__850__K _37_300___4______44 Qianshan group of K137+600-K137+700 2-6 64 5 55 0 67 0 576 69 5 607 Yangmei v.illage - - - 26 - 5 7 45 Nan'an village K147+600-K147+700 -4/8 603 494 618 513 636 536

46 Gumang village K149+380-K149+550 8 603 494 618 513 636 536

47 Taipinghu township K149+640-K149+950 4 63.8 55 0 66 2 2 3 69.1 5497 595 50~~2 624452. 48 Shangpo village K150+200-K150+700 10-20 56 6 47 9 59 5 50_2 62 4 52.6

49 Xinling K152+600-K153+100 16 54 7 46.0 57 2 48 2 59 7 50 6

50 Huangnixiang group of K160+400-K160+500 8 60 9 49.6 62 1 51 7 64.2 54 0 Fenghuang village ______51 Oujiachong K163+950-K164+050 8 62 0 50.4 64 1 52 5 66 6 54 9

52 Shilipai K164+620-K164+800 8 609 502 628 523 650 546

105 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Differential height Pro ected noise level and excess value N. NmorN. obetween the projection 2008 2014 22022 point and road surface Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time 61.5 52.4 64 6 54 8 67.4 58 2 53 Satan village K168+350-K168+480 2 . . 3 2 60 2 48.7 62.1 50.8 63 3 54 2 54 Songshu village K168+720-K169+050 -11/10 .

55 Bandengtou ZK173+100-ZK173+18 5 60.8 50.3 62.5 524 64 6 55.0

65.5 56.6 68.2 59.0 70 8 62 4 56 Shangfang village K176+950~-K177+400 2 - 1 6 4 0 0.8 7.4

57 liang..a K178+780-KI79+060 5 61 3 52.5 63.9 54 9 66 9 58 2 57 Jlangla K178+780-K179+0605 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~32

58 Huangbangling K181+300-KI81+400 6 60.0 51 2 62.6 53.6 656 56.9 60.1 515 62.7 53.8 65 7 57 0~~~~~~~~~~1 59 Shanchakou K182+600-K182+750 6 60.1 515 62.7 53.8 657 570 ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- - - - 2.0 60.1 51 5 62.7 53.8 65.7 57.0 60 Chalukou K182+800-K182+950 6 - - - - 2.0

61 Taoshulin K185+430-K185+520 7 59.1 50.5 61 7 52.8 64.7 56.0

62 Yangjiaping K192+400-K192+850 12 57.9 48.8 600 508 62.0 529

63 Hedong K194+050-K194+240 8 58 7 49 6 60.9 51.7 63 0 53 9

106 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table5-3-3-2 Noise Projection for Schools along the Proposed Road Unit: dB Differential height Pro ected noise level and excess value between the projection No. Name of receptor No. of pile pon. n oa ufc 2008 2014 2022 poit and road surface Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time (m) I DondinPimrychol K82+850- 64.5 55 0 66 6 57 2 69 2 59 3 I Dongdian Primary School K82+900 6 4 5 - 66 - 9 2 2 HonshaPrmarScool K95+580- 2 65 0 55.3 68.0 57.5 71.0 59.8 2 Hongshan Primary School K95+620 5.0 - 8 0 - 11.0 _ 3 Xinzhong Village Primary K 106+200- 3 65 5 56 1 68 6 58 6 71 6 61.0 School K106+250 5 5 - 8 6 - 11 6 - 65.2 558 68 4 58.3 71 2 60 8 4 Dongpu Primary School K 116+400 5 5.2 - 8.4 - 112 - 50 1 407 ~~52 0 42 9 54 1 48 1 5 Fenliu Primary School K 123+650 -10 50 1 407 52__42_954_

Table 5-3-3-3 Noise Projection for Rest Homes along the Proposed Road Unit: dB Differential height Pro ected noise level and excess value No. Name of receptor No. of pile between the projection 2008 2014 2022 point and road surface Day time Night time Day time Night time Day time Night time (m) I Shaji Township senior houses K135+500 2 6716 58 9 70 1 61 1 72.6 63.5 I K135+500 2 ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~13 9 15.1 ~ ~~~~16.1 ~~12.617 6 18.5 2 SnoVlaeSirhue K 0460.0 50.3 63.1 52 7 64 8 56.0 2 Sankou Village Senior houses K172+500 5 0 5 3 8 1 7.7 7 8 11.0

107 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.3.4 Mitigatiomi Measuire agaiist Noise 1Impact

Mitigation measures in construction phase

The following measures will be taken during construction to mitigate the noise impacts: o The low-noise equipment is to be used for construction. The construction equipment will be first tested for noise compliance before moving to the site. All the equipment that do not meet the requirement for noise control will not be allowed to be used in this project. The maintenance will be carried out regularly to ensure constant compliance of the equipment. o The noise will cause short-term impact compared with that in the operation phase. However, the impact of noise will significantly disturb the residents in the night time. Therefore the noise equipment will be prohibited for operation from 22:00-6:00 each day. The construction schedule will be carefully developed for the section near the schools in which the construction activity will be concentrated on the school vacation or after classes to the extent possible, or temporary facilities to reduce noise, such as wood acoustic insulation barriers, will be installed. o The construction site boundary will be carefully defined according to the "Noise Limit for Boundary of Construction Site" in order to avoid residential area within the site. o The temporary access road will be designed away from villages or schools where possible. The transportation of construction materials on the existing roads will be carefully scheduled to avoid any disturbance to the local traffic. At night, construction vehicles will be requested to operate at low speeds and banned for any homing. o The workers on site will be provided with personal protective appliances such as earplug and helmets. o The construction management and supervision will be enforced, particularly for the road sections near schools, seniors houses and villages, as well as the scenic sites.

Mitigation measures in operation phase

Proper highway maintenance and operation management can be effective in controlling noise pollution. The motor vehicles in poor condition will be rejected from entering the highway and the road surface will regularly maintained to keep in good conditions. Signage for speed limit and control and horn banning will be erected on the road sections near major sensitive receptors (school, rest home and population settlements).

In order to further mitigate the noise levels at the sensitive receptors to the levels in compliance with applicable standards, specific measures have been designed and developed for each of the sensitive receptors. These measures will be taken prior to the time when noise impacts will exceed the standards according to the modeling. Table 5-3-4-1 presents the mitigation measures at the sensitive receptors, implementation time and estimated costs.

In future reconstruction of houses, schools and other facilities which may be sensitive to noise, the local governments will require the locations be sufficiently far from the highway. The projected

108 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA noise level will be considered for new planning of rural development and new settlements in order to avoid the noise impact. Based on the modeling results, any new noise sensitive houses, including residential housing, will be located at least 200 m from the central line of the highway, to prevented such facilities impacted by the highway noise.

109 Tongling-Tangkou llighway EIA

_Table 5-3-4-1 Miti ation measures in o eration hase Differential Projected noise level and excess value height 2008 2014 2022 ID Name of between the Impleme No. Receptor No. of pile projection Day Night Day Night Day Night Noise control measures ntation

roadroadt surfacesrace time time time time time time tm

_____ Rural popula tion settlements where noise level exceed standard (criteria for assessment: 70 dB for day time. 55dB for night time) Residential block of 67 9 58.8 70.1 61.0 72 7 63 2 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise Dongdian K83+600- 3 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at 2008 Township K83+650 the first row near the road, the cost estimated is RMB 12 Development - 3 8 0 1 6 0 2 7 8 2 thousand Zone 67 0 56 8 68.8 58 9 70.9 61 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 2 Panlong K84+100- 4 0 5 68.8 58 9 70.9 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 15 houses 2008 K84+300 1 8 3.9 0.9 6 1 at the first row near the road, the cost estimated is RMB _ 18 - 3.9 0.9 61 24 thousand

K85+700- 607 54.2 65 2 55.9 68 5 58.1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 3 Xiaowei K85+800 7 _ __ 09 _ 3.1 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses 2014

64.5 58 6 69.9 60 6 72 3 62 9 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 4 Zhaoling K87+060- . insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 4 houses at 2008 4 Zhaohing K87+100 - the first row near the road, the cost estimated is RMB 6 4

3.6- 56 23 7.9 thousand

66 3 57 2 684 59 2 70.8 651 4 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 5 Hamaling K87+2006 4 68 2 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at 2008 Hamaling ~K87+3800.22 2 08 the first row near the road, the cost estimated is RMB 8 K87+38022 5 2 0.8 64 thousand

688 592 715 61.6 745 64.0 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise K95+600- 26 8 59 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at 2008 6 Baimatang K95+800 2 the first row near the road, the cost estimated is RMB 8 _ 42 15 6 6 4.5 9 0 thousand

66.7 573 694 59.8 72.0 62 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 7 No.2 Group of K97+100- 6.7 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 6 houscs at 2008 Tuanjie Village K97+400 + 2.3 4 8 2 0 7 1 the first row less than 40 m from the road, the cost I 2.37 1- 4 8 2 0 estimated is RMB 9 6 thousand

110 Tongling-Tangkou Hlghway EIA

No. 9 Group of K97+750- 62 8 53 3 66 0 55 6 68 9 58 3 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 8 TajeVlae K8207 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 9 houses at 2014 Tuanjie Village K98+200 - 0 6 - 3 3 the first row less than 50 m from the road

Guangrong KIOO+200~- 65.2 55 0 68 4 57 6 715 60 0 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 9 Vuangrong K100+00 6 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 6 houses at 2014 Village K100+400- - - 2 6 15 5.0 the first row

No. 4 Group of 67.0 57.3 69.6 59 6 73 3 62 1 ~~~~~~~~NRWtype windows for natural ventilation and noise No. 4 Groupng of 01+000- 4 67.0 57.3 69.6 59K6 73 3 62 1 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at 2008 10iGuangron KIOI+100 -2 23 46 33 71the first row less than 40 m from the road, the cost Village10 K101+100-2 2 3 46 3 3 71estimated is RMB 8 thousand

66 5 6957 3 1 59 5 72.3 61 9 ~NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise No. I Group of K102+000- 665 571 69 3 595 72.3 619 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 10 houses 2008 Heping Village K 102+600 4 2 1 4 5 2 3 6 9 at the first row less than 60 m from the road, the cost I 21I- 45 23 69 estimated is RMB 16 thousand No 4 Group of K103+300- 65 0 55.3 67 8 58.0 70.8 60 4 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 12 Guangming K103+400 4 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 6 houses at 2014 Village - 0.3 - 3 0 0 8 5 4 the first row less than 100 m from the road,

No 6 Group of 66 5 57.1 69 3 59 5 72 3 61 9 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 13 Guangming K103+650 -4/4 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 7 houses at 2008 Village - 2 1 - 4 5 2 3 6 9 the first row the cost estimated is RMB 11 2 thousand

K105+250- 65 7 56 3 68 4 58 8 72 0 62 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 14 Woliui K105+450 4/-8 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 10 houses 2008 K0+40- 13 - 3 8 2.0 7 I at the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 16 thousand

K 106+000- 59 5 50.1 62.3 52 5 67 0 56 1 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 15 Malong K106+300 -4/-8 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at the first row

K 106+400- 61.8 52.1 64 4 54 0 68 0 57 1 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 16 Tianban K106+500 6 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will K106+500 - - - - - 2 1 be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses at the first row

K 107+700- 6/ 63 3 53 6 65 8 56 0 68 8 58 7 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 17 Luochong K108+800 -8 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 9 houses at 2014 - - - 1.0 - 3 7 the first row. Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

K 11+ 100- 66 8 57.3 70.0 60 2 72.9 62.1 Acoustic insulation wall will be constructed at 18 Zu Village K _III100 2 Klll+000-Kl +500,25mhigh. lOdBwillbe 2014 K 111+400- 23 - 52 59 7 1 reduced

K111±900-. 68 5 59.1 71.3 61.5 74.3 63.9 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 19 Nanpu Kli2+300 3 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of5 houses at 2008 - 4.1 1 3 6 5 4 3 8 9 the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 8thousand.

65.7 56.3 68 4 58 8 71 1 61 4 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 20 Jingtian Group K116+500 6 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 14 houscs 2008 - 13 - 3.8 1.1 6.4 at the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 22.4 thousand.

60 8 50.4 62 5 52 5 65 1 56 7 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 21 Gongqiao K117+000 -4/-6 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - 1.7 be installed for the bedrooms of 10 houses at the first row

KI117+300-. 61 3 51 9 63.8 54.0 66 6 56.9 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 22 Pingqtao K 117+500 -3--8 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will Il- - - - - 1.9 be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses at the first row,

K117-'-600-. 68 8 59 4 73.5 61 9 74.1 64.2 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 23 Sanqiao K117+800 4- 1 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 9 houses at 2008 - 4 4 3.5 6 9 4.1 9.2 the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 14 4 thousand

58.7 59 3 71.4 61 8 74 0 64 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 24 Dongpu K 118+4500 2-6/-4 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses at 2008 - 4 3 1.4 6 8 4.0 9 1 the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 4 8 thousand

K125+300- 61.0 51.7 63 6 53.9 664 56.0 Trace monitoring, ifnoise level exceed limit, NRW type 25 Shi Village K125+600 7- 10 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - 1.0 be installed for the bedrooms of 25 houses at the first row

K 126+800- 4/ 65.7 56.3 68 4 58.8 71.0 61 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 26 Wu Village K127+000 -12 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses at 2008 - 1 3 - 3 8 1 0 6.1 the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 4.8 thousand

27 Jieshiting K128+200- 58 64 0 54 7 66 7 57.1 69.0 592 14 households will be relocated, 2014 27 Jieshiting ~K128±550 - - - 2 1 - 4.2_____

K130+250- 63.7 53.4 66 9 55 8 70 0 58 2 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 28 Xuqiao K130+420 2 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 11 houses 2014 0 8 - 3.2 at the first row.

112 Tongling-Trangkou Highway EIA

K131+350- 68 6 59 3 71 4 61 7 74 4 64 1 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 29 Xiaxi K131+720 2/-8 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of9 houses at 2008 - 4 3 1 4 6 7 4 4 9 1 the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 14 4 thousand.

K 132+550- 63 3 54 0 66 0 56 8 68.3 58 5 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 30 Yuetangh K132+700 6 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 5 houses at 2014 K 132+700 - - - 1.8 - 5 the first row,

K133+600- 60 8 51.2 63.3 53 9 65 9 56 0 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 31 Qiaotouwang K133+720 8 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - 1.0 be installed for the bedrooms of 8 houses at the first row

61 5 52 2 64.2 54 4 67.2 56 9 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 32 No 5 iGrouplof K136+400- 4 Yangmei Vlillage K 136+600 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - be installed for the bedrooms of houses at the first row

64 5 55 0 67 0 57 6 69 5 60.7 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 33 YQanshan of K137+600 2-6 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 7 houses at 2014 Yangmei Village K 137+700 26S7tefrtrw - - - 2 6 - 5.7 the first row,

Taipinghu K 149+640- 63 8 55 0 66 2 57 3 69 1 59 7 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 34 Toaipingsh K149+90 4 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 13 houses 2014 Township K149+950 - - - 2 3 - 4 7 at the first row,

61 5 52 4 64 6 54 8 67 4 58 2 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 35 Shatan Vilage K168+480 2 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will Shatan- Village - K 168±480- - - 3 2 be installed for the bedrooms of 4 houses at the first row

K 176+950- 65 5 56 6 68 2 59.0 70 8 62 4 NRW type windows for natural ventilation and noise 36 Shangeang K177+400 2 insulation will be installed for the bedrooms of 18 houses 2008 Village - 1 6 - 4 0 0.8 7.4 at the first row, the cost estimated is RMB 28 8 thousand

61 3 52 5 63 9 54 9 66.9 58.2 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 37 JiangjK1aK79+060 5 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will Jiangjia- K- 179+060 - - - 3 2 be installed for the bedrooms of 11 houses at the first row

K181+300- 60 0 512 62 6 53 6 65 6 56 9 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 38 Huangbang ling K181+400 6 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - 19 be installed for the bedrooms of 7 houses at the first row

113 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

K 182+600- 60 1 51 5 62.7 53 8 65 7 57.0 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 39 SHanchakou K182+600 6 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - 2 0 be installed for the bedrooms of 8 houses at the first row,

40K 1 82+800- CHalukou 6 60.1 51 5 62 7 53.8 65 7 57.0 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 40 CHalukou K182+950 6 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will

- - - - - 2.0 be installed for the bedrooms of 9 houses at the first row

K 185+430- 59.1 50 5 61 7 52 8 64 7 56.0 Trace monitoring, if noise level exceed limit, NRW type 41 Taoling Village K185+520 7 windows for natural ventilation and noise insulation will - - - - - 1.0 be installed for the bedrooms of 3 houses at the first row School (noise limit: day time60 dB night time not assesed) I Dongdian K82+850- 6 64 5 55 0 66 6 57 2 69.2 59.3 Acoustic insulation windows will be installed at RMB 50 2004 Primary School K82+900 4 5 - 6 6 - 9.2 - thousand

2Hongshan K95+580- 65 0 55.3 68.0 57.5 71 0 59 8 Surrounding wall will be increased to 4 m high, buffer 2 ProargSchoo K52 2 5 10 - trees I O0X ISm will be planted between road and school, 2004 Primary School K95+620 5 0 - 8 0 - 11.0 - cost will be RMB 75 thousand.

Xinzhong K106+200- 65 5 56 1 68 6 58.6 71 6 61 0 Surrounding wall will be increased to 4 m high, buffer 3 Village Primary K106+250 3 trees 100 X 20m will be planted between road and school, 2004 School 5.5 - 8.6 - 11 6 - cost will be RMB 100 thousand

Dongpu Primary Dongpu Pri y K 116+400 5 65 2 55 8 68.4 58.3 71.2 60.8 treesSurrounding 100 X 20m wall will will be plantedbe increased between to 4 roadm high, and bufferschool, 2004 School 5 2 8.4 11 2 - cost will be RMB 100 thousand. Sniors houses (noise limit: Day tim e55dB, ni ght time 45dB) Rest home of K135+500 2 67 6 58 9 70.1 61 1 72 6 63.5 It is recommended that the seniors will be relocated, with 2003 Shaji Township 12 6 13.9 15 1 16 1 17 6 18.5 cost to be RMB 400 thousand.

Rest home of 60 0 50.3 63.1 52 7 64 8 56.0 Acoustic insulation plate will be constructed at 2 Sankou Village K172+500 4 5 0 5 3 8.1 7.7 7.8 11 0 K172+400-K172+600,The cost estimated 3 mis high.RMB 15400 dB thousand will be reduced l 2008

The mitigation measures scheduled for implementation in 2014 do not have costs estimate because any costs estimation now for such a long term will be inaccurate. The estimated cost will be made near time of implementation.

114 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.4 Impact Assessment of Water Environment and Mitigation Measures

5.4.1 Pollution Sources for Surface Waters

Run-off water from road surface

Pollutant concentrations of run-off from road surface are dependant upon various factors, such as intensity of traffic flow, intensity of rainfall, dust fall and drying period prior to the rain. Therefore it is difficult to have a general prediction of these concentrations. The average pollutant concentrations in road run-off based on 120-minute monitoring are shown in Table 5-4-1-1.

Based on the years of climate records, the average annual rainfall in Tongling County, Qingyang County and Huangshan District is 1385 mm, 1527 mm and 1350 mm respectively. The total area of road surface is 2.59 km2. Therefore the annual road run-off water is 3.68 x 106m3, The pollutant loads are shown in Table 5-4-1-1.

Table 5-4-1-1 Measured concentrations of pollutants in road run-off Item SS Oil

Average of 120 minutes (mg/I) 100 7

Pollutant load(t/a) 368 25 8

Wastewater from service station and parking lots

Domestic wastewater

Table 5-4-1-2 shows wastewater discharged from the supporting facilities. Domestic wastewater is estimated using the following equation:

Qs=(Kq,V,)/1000

where: Qs-domestic wastewater discharge, t/d; q, -Daily consumption of water per capita, IOOL/(capita * d);

V1-population in service station, capita; K-Discharge ratio in service station, 0.9.

The equivalent number of people in the service station is 350, including 40 staff in administration building, restaurant, shop and hotel; 30 staff in parking lots, maintenance center and gas station; and 280 transit people. The number of people in the Yangtian parking lot is expected to be 55, including 40 transit population. The equivalent number of people in Changyuan Parking lot is 45, including 30 transit population.

115 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

The raw domestic wastewater: CODcr, 500 mg/I, SS, 250mg/l, oil, 100mg/I.

Car washing wastewater

Qq=(q2V2)/l 000

Where: Qq-Discharge of vehicle-washing wastewater, t/d; q2 -water consumption for each vehicle, 1:

V2 -quantity of vehicle washed per day,

q2 for standard passenger car is 300 L, and for bus and truck, 450 L. Traffic flow will use 2022 as the base year and details for traffic flow is discussed in the section for traffic flow prediction. The reuse rate of vehicle washing wastewater is 70%. The quality of the wastewater is: CODCr, 200 mg/Q SS, 500 mg/l and oil, 30 mg/I.

Table 5-4-1-2 Size of major support ing facilities and wastewater discharge Discharge of Vehicle-washing Source intensity of pollutant (kg/d) Name domestic wastewater Pollutant Domestic Vehicle-washing Totl wastewater(tVd) discharge(tVd) wastewater wastewater Taipinghu CODcr 15 75 - 15 75 Sevice 31.5 BODs 6.93 - 6.93 station SS 6 93 - 6.93 station____ Oil 3 15 - 3.15 Yangtian CODcr 2 48 7 52 10 00

Parking 5.0 125.3 BOD5 1 10 - 1.10 Yard SS 1 10 62 65 63 75 Oil 0 50 1 13 1 63 Changyuan CODcr 2 03 6 67 8 70 Parking 4.1 111.3 BD 9 9 Yard SS 0 90 55 65 56 55 Yard______Oil 0 41 1 00 1.41

5.4.2 Analysis of impact on water environment

The major source for water pollution during the construction phase is the domestic wastewater from construction camps, and muddy surface runoff water from construction sites. The major source for water pollution during the operation phase is run-off road surface, and wastewater from supporting facilities. In addition, traffic accidents at the locations near water bodies involving hazardous materials, particularly vehicle carrying toxic materials, could be another source threatening water quality.

5.4.2.1 Construction phase

The impact on water environment in construction phase is from the following aspects:

Construction of bridge

116 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

There will be seven super large bridges, 32 large bridges, nine medium bridges and 30 small bridges in this project. Shuiqiaohu super large bridge is supported by piers requiring in-water construction while other bridges will span over the streams without piers and thus no direct in-water construction.

The impacts on water environment during the construction bridge:

* Uncontrolled stockpile of oil and chemical materials at the river side would cause pollutants enter water bodies during raining season. * The underwater and in-water operation during the construction of Shuiqiaohu super bridge would cause re-suspension of sediment and increasing turbidity of water. The in-water construction activities may also result in construction materials released to the water if not properly controlled. * Oil leakage and spillage from equipment, particularly the spills from the operating boats.

Domestic wastewater and solid waste from construction site and camps

Direct discharge of domestic wastewater from construction site and camps would result in water pollution. Also uncontrolled dumping of domestic solid waste in or near water bodies can potentially pollute water as well.

Construction sites near waters

Some sections of the project are to be built near Lingyang River and Machuan River. Construction solid water, muddy surface runoff, spillage and spoil would cause pollution of river water.

The water intake for the Lingyhang township is located right on the TTH bridge site and the construction activities at this the site will seriously impact the water quality and suitability of the this intake as a drinking water source.

As the two other water intakes of water purification plants are located far away from the construction sites, the construction activities will not impact the water quality in these area and these intakes will not be affected.

From the above analysis, the major mitigation measures during construction phase is to enhance construction management and supervision, particularly over the construction of bridge, labor camp and construction site near waters. Section 5.4.3 of this chapter has discussed the detailed mitigation measures.

5.4.2.2 Operation phase

Impact on regional hydrology

There is an abundant surface water in terms of rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, lakes, water and

117 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

fish ponds, etc. within the project area. The regional hydrology is characterized by irregular precipitation from year to year. Within a given year, most precipitation occurs in the summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the least precipitation is in winter. The flooding season is from May to August while the dry season is from December to the next February. Dry season is the best time for highway construction, particularly for bridge. The proposed project will cross rivers and canals via bridge and culvert, the river system would not alter the discharging channels in these surface streams and will not reduce their flood discharging capacity.

The Shuiqiao Lake (K80+640, K80+560 super bridge), Qixing River (K91+045, super bridge), Lingyang River (K130+506, large bridge), Taiping Lake (K144+345, large bridge), Yangxi River (KI52+030, fly-over crossing), Puxi River (KI59+465, large bridge) and Machuan River (ZK175+077, ZK175+670, K176+084, K182+039, large bridge) have the function for flood control and discharge. The requirement for flooding control has been taken into account in the design, and high standard has been applied for bridge and culvert (300 year flood is considered for super bridge, 100 year flood is for other bridge and culverts). Thus, the hydrology and flooding control function of the waters will not be affected.

Wastewater from supporting facilities

The major supporting facilities along the road are Taipinghu Service Station, Yangtian and Changyuan Parking Yard. Table 5-4-2-1 shows the size of these facilities and wastewater discharge.

Table 5-4-2-1 Sie of majo supporting Ellitties and wastewater discharge Type of Volume of Volume of Name Type wastewater wastewater Treatment facilities wastewater (l)(d (tVd) (tVd) Taipinghu Service Domestic 31 5 11497.5 Secondary bio-chemical treatment Station wastewater Car-washing water will be reused Domestic and as watering plant after treatment Yangtian Parking Yard vehicle-washing 130.3 47559.5 Domestic wastewater will be wastewater treated by secondary bio-chemical treatment Car-washing water will be reused Changyuan Parking Domestic and as watering plant after treatment Yard vehicle-washing 115.4 42121 Domestic wastewater will be wastewater treated by secondary bio-chemical I______I______Itreatm ent

From Table 5-4-2-1, the total volume of wastewater in the supporting facilities is 101178 t/a. The pollution load before and after treatment is shown in Table 5-4-2-2:

Table 5-4-2-2 Pollution load before and after treatment CODcr SS Oil Before treatment(t/a) 12.57 45.34 2 26 After treatment(t/a) 4 07 2 85 0.20 Reduction(t/a) 8 50 42 49 2.06

* Class I standard is applied to the wastewater treated, CODcr: 100mg/l. SS: 70mg/I and oil: 5mg/l.

11Q Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Road surface run-off water

During the operation phase, the pollutants such as SS, CODcr and oil on the road surface may be washed away and discharged with surface runoff into fish ponds, lakes or streams along the highway. Such discharge could result in water pollution.

Pollution load of road run-off water

See Section 5.4.1.

Run-off water in the highway catchment

The run-of water flow in the highway catchment is shown in Table 5-4-2-3, which is estimated for Puxi River and Machuan River.

Table 5-4-2-3 Road run-off flow in the catchment areas of major rivers Average precipitation for Run-off flow in Flow rate River years withinthLength of road Width of road surface of river River years within the catchment Cm roa wihiiavhenr( om) (mm/a) Cmrn/a) (m) road (m) withinC ~~~~~~~~~m'/a)catchment (m3/s)

RPier 1200 1760 22 46464 298 0 Mchuan 1400 1680 22 51744 528 0 River

Impact on stream quality

As there are many uncertain and unpredictable factors which could affect surface runoff and its impacts to surface water, a simplified approach has been used for impact assessment. It is assumed that the surface runoff will be completely mixed with the receiving water upon entering into the water bodies. Under this simplified assumption, the receiving water quality may be estimated by the following equation:

C= (Q, * C±+Qo * CO) / (Qi+QO) where: C-Pollutant concentration of receiving water at the cross section with the highway, mg/I; Q, -River flow rate, m 3/s, average flow rate for years; QO-Road run-off wastewater flow, m3 /s; C,-Baseline concentration in stream, mg/I; Co-pollutant concentration in road run-off wastewater, mg/l.

The projected impact on stream by road run-off wastewater is shown in Table 5-4-2-4.

119 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-4-2-4 Projected impa t on stream by road ruin-off wastewateir Pollutant SS Oil Baseline concentration (mg/l) 32 0 02* Puxi River Projected concentration (mg/1) 32 00034 0.020035 Increased value (mg/1) 3 4E-4 3 SE-5 Increased magnitude 0 00106% 0.175% Baseline concentration (mg/l) 9 0 024 Machuan Projected concentration (mg/1) 9 00028 0.020022 River Increased value (mg/1) 2.8E-4 2 2E-5

I_ _ Increased magnitude 0 00311% 0.110% *There is no measured data for oil in Puxi River and Machuan River, the baseline concentrations of oil in these rivers are assumed to be 0.05 mg/I only for comparison purpose.

Clearly, under the simplified assumption, the surface runoff from the highway will contribute very little to the pollution in the receiving water and virtually have no impact on water quality. This is because that the receiving water has very high flows and enormous dilution and assimilative capacities.

Risk analysis for water pollution accidents

Sourcefor water pollution accidents

A number of studies have showed that the major sources contributing to water pollution accidents by road project consist of: o The construction of bridge piers could involve potential accidents in water traffic, resulting in leakage of toxic materials or oils into the waters during the construction phase; o Crash of ships of water traffic with bridge piers during operation, resulting in leakage of toxic materials or oils into waters; o Highway traffic accident on bridges or near water involving vehicles carrying hazardous materials; such accidents may cause spills of such hazardous materials and/or vehicles falling the rivers. Either way, the river would be under a major danger for a pollution incident likely to have serious consequences

As the streams involved in this project are not navigation channels, the major risk of accidents would come form highway traffic accidents over the bridges.

Probabilityof accidents

Probability of a serious accidents involving vehicles carrying hazardous materials on the bridges may be determined using the following equation:

P =QoX QlX Q2 X Q3 X Q4

P Probability of pollution risk in important waters; Qo -Current probability of truck crash in this area, times/million vehicle Xkm; Q, -Absolute traffic flow in the projected year, million vehicle/a;

120 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Q2 -The percentage of trucks transporting toxic materials against the total traffic flow (%); Q3 -Length of important waters, km; Q4 ratio against normal traffic accidents;

Qo may be determined according to the records of traffic accidents in a similar highway: Guanshan Expressway (Guanzhou to Huidong) (see Table 5-4-2-5). Accidents in past seven years on this highway is 950 per year on average. With the total length of this highway at 180 km and the average traffic flow at 14,500 (converted to passenger car equivalent), the probability of traffic accident may be calculated to be 0.225/million vehicle/km/per annum.

Table 5-4-2-5 Traffic statistics on Guangshan Expressway in recent years Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Average

accidents(times/a) 850 866 921 1180 1013 887 932 950 Therefore, Qo is 0.225times/(million vehicles X km).

Qi is determined based on the projected traffic flow, for each of the important highway sections, as shown in Table 5-4-2-6.

Table 5-4-2-6 Q, for important road sections million vehicles/a Name 2008 2014 2022

Shuiqiaohe river 6 366 8 576 1111

Liyang river 7.414 10 46 13 90

Taiping Lake 6 187 8468 1143

Puxi River 6.187 8 468 11.43

Machuan River 6 582 9 078 12 05

Q2 is assumed to be 1.54% based on the proportion of the trucks carrying chemical, pesticide and oil in the total vehicle fleet.

Q3 is the length of important water within will be directly affected by the TTH. The actual values of Q3 are shown in Table 5-4-2-7.

Q4 is the ratio of traffic accidents on the highway over normal roads and is assumed to be 0.75.

(3)Projected result

Based on the above equation and assumed parameters, the probably of accidents which would involve major spills of hazardous materials into the major area receiving waters may be calculated and the results are presented in Table 5-4-2-7.

121 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-4-2-7 Prob ability projection for traffic accidents on important waters

Name of bridge Length of waters Probability of accident(times/a) (kmi) 2008 2014 2022

Shuiqiao Lake super bridge 1.150 0 019025 0.02563 0 033203

Taiping Lake large bridge 0 335 0 005386 0.007372 0 009951

Puxi River large bridge 0 080 0 001286 0.00176 0 002376

Machuan River large bridge 0 285 0 004875 0 006724 0 008925

The above estimation shows that the probably of a major accidents of motor vehicles carrying hazardous materials on the bridges is extremely low. However, small probably events do happen. And once it happens, consequence will be to result in a serious pollution in the receiving water quality even a fish kill, to affect the receiving water as a scenic site and to risk the health and well being of residents, farm cattle/domestic animals and wildlife who rely or live on these water bodies

5.4.3 Mitigation mneasuires

5.4.3.1 Design phase

The following design provisions will be incorporated into the engineering design of the TTH as mitigation measures for potential water impacts: o The side ditches of highway will not directly connect with streams, fish ponds and farmlands to provide certain holding capacity and allow reaction times; o Except the Shuiqiaohu extra large bridge, there will be no requirement for in-water construction for any other bridges in the TTH; o Drainage systems will be designed for Lingyang River Bridge, Taiping Lke Bridge, Yangxi River Bridge, Puxi River Bridge and Machuan River Bridge, to allow collected road run-off wastewater to be drained into settling/holding tanks near the bridges first. The settling tanks also could function as a storage and holding facility in case of accidental spills involving motor vehicles accidents and hazardous materials. Such facilitiesthere would provide a buffer time to allow emergency measures. o Strong guard rails will be installed on Shuiqiao Lake Bridge and Taiping Lake Bridge to prevent trucks, especially the trucks transporting toxic materials, from falling into the water in case of a traffic accident. O Wastewater treatment facilities will be provided to the service station, and two parking yards. Flow diagrams of the treatment processes are shown in figure below. The car-washing wastewater which contains oil will be treated with an oil separation process before flowing into tertiary treatment process for in preparation for re-use. Domestic wastewater will be treated with a biological treatment process and the effluent will meet Class I standards in the "Integrated Standard for Wastewater Discharge" (GB8978-1996), before discharging into the environment. The "Quality Standard for Irrigation Water" (GB5084-92) will be applied for any effluent to be used for irrigation.

122 Tongling-Tangkou Highway ELA

| Reused as watering I

5.4.3.2 Construction phase

In order to protect water quality and irrigation facilities in the project area, the following mitigation measures will be taken during the construction phase:

* The water intake of Lingyang County Water Purification Plant near Lingyang River Bridge will be relocated to 500 m upstream of the bridge. * The construction materials, such as asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be allowed to stockpile at the river sides, or near fish pond, lake and water wells. The stockpiles will be covered with canvas sheet. * Side ditch will be constructed prior to road construction, to prevent the muddy water flowing into streams, canal or farmland. * The temporary canals will be provided to replace the existing canals to be temporarily occupied. Culvert pipe will be laid under the road prior to road bed construction. The diameter of pipe will be sufficiently large to acccommodate the local conditions and rquirements for irrigation and/or flood discharge. * Retention walls and/or interception ditches will be provided at the river side when construction is taken near the river. * Construction camps will not be located at the Taiping Lake Bridge. The camps for bridge construction will be located in the villages nearest to the bridge site. * The construction period for bridge is long and a lot of workers will be involved in and this will generate wastewater. In addition, the many of the streams are seasonal with large variation of water flow in the streams. Bridge construction, particularly those activities which must be in-water or near water, will be conducted during the dry season when the flows in the rivers are smallest. In addition, further measures will be taken during bridge construction, described as follows: - Advanced technology will be applied in the construction of Shuiqiao Lake Bridge, such as cofferdum methods for the construction of piers and others which must go in-water. - Septic tanks will be provided for construction camps and construction site. The wastewater from dinning rooms will be at first treated with oil separation process before discharge to the septic tank. - The domestic and construction solid waste will be separated and collected for reuse as possible. The remaining will be transported for landfill in timely manner. - The spoil will be transported to the designated site by local environment agency for stockpile. - The equipment and operation ship will be examined to ensure free of leakage of oil.

123 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

5.4.3.3 Operation phase

The following measures will be during the operation phase:

o The effluent from Taiping Lake Service Station will meet Class I standard in the "Integrated Standard for Wastewater Discharge" (GB8978-1996), before discharging into the receiving streams. The "Quality Standard for Irrigation Water" (GB5084-92) will be applied for effluent to be used for irrigation. The effluent from Yangtian Parking Yard could be discharged after the treatment into the ponds in the Zucun village nearby in which the effluent will be further treated through natural purification processes. Selected vegetation will be planted in the bonds such that it can act as an oxidation pond. The treated effluent from Changyuan Parking Yard will be discharged into Machuan River (the river section at Changyuan Parking Yard is not used for drinking water sources). o Because the TTH will go through many large and small water bodies along its alignment, some of which are very sensitive, a tight control of motor vehicles using the highway will be exercised. Visibly leaking and dripping vehicles will not allowed to enter into the highway and the control may be taken at the poll stations on both ends. o An emergency system against major pollution accidents involving toxic materials will be established. It basically has the following elements - Emergency telephone sets will be installed near Shuiqiao Lake Bridge and Taiping Lake Bridge. The telephone line will connect directly with the monitoring and control center. - An emergency team will be established including members from environmental agency, road management, and monitoring and control center. In case of catastrophic accidents, the team will control the accident site. At the same time the team will report to senior governmental departments for proper actions - The management system for trucks transporting toxic materials will be based upon the requirements of driving license, hazardous materials transportation license and transportation permit. The warning signs will be marked on all such trucks.

5.5 Aiir 1mpact arndl Mitigation Measures

5.5.1 Construction phase

The maj or source for air pollution during construction phase is the construction sites, unpaved roads, material stockpile sites, and access roads. Air-bome dust from the site, air emissions from the asphalt mixing and pavement operation, and exhaust gas from the operational equipment will impact the surrounding environment.

Air-borne dust from roads

Several factors may cause dust on the roads to be air-borne. These factors include traveling speed of motor vehicles, wind speed, dust fall on road and moisture on road and in the air. In particular the moving construction vehicles are the most significant source of the air-borne dust and has the

124 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

most serious impacts to the surrounding environment. The traveling distance of air-borne dust is most dependent of the wind speed. The construction materials transportation in the project will use mostly S103 which is a paved road. However, from S103 to the construction sites, temporary and unpaved roads will be used. These dirt roads are the major sources of air-borne dust, particularly in the dry and windy season when the impacts to the surrounding environment will be most significant.

According to a study by Highway Research Institute of the MOC, the monitored data on Jing-Jin-Tang expressway during construction phase, at the 150 m leeward, the TSP is 5.093 mg/m3 , exceeding Class 2 standard of National Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).The same study also that the air-borne dust can be effectively controlled by water spraying on the dusting road surface (see Table 5-5-2).

Table 5-5-1 Air-borne Dust on Jing-Jin- ang Expressway during Construction Distance from monitoring Monitoring result Monitoring location Source of pollutant location(m) (mg/m 3)

Road site of Wuqingyang Truck traveling through the 50 11 652 Village road 100 19 694 ______road______150 5 093

Table 5-5-2 Effect of Water Spraying Distance from the road side(m) 0 20 50 100 200 TSP Without water spraying 11 03 2.89 1 15 0 86 0 56 (mg/m3 ) Water spraying 2 11 1 40 0 68 0 60 0 29

Air-borne dust from stockpile site

The main factors responsible for causing dust air borne at material stockpiles are wind force, loading and unloading of materials, and moving vehicles from the roads and vehicles leaving the construction site. The type of materials in storage is also a major factor: low density and small size materials tend to be more easily air-borne than the heavier and larger ones. Once air-borne, the dust will pollute the areas surrounding the construction and storage sites. Past experience shows however, the air-borne dust could be reduced by 70% through regular water spraying.

Material preparation

Materials preparation such as concrete mixing can be a source of dust and chemical emissions during construction. There are two common mixing methods: in-plant mixing and on-site mixing. The on-site mixing will take place within the construction site and affects a relatively small area due to its small scale but it is difficult to exercise emission control. In contrast, in-plant mixing tends to influence a bigger area because of its larger scale, especially in leeward direction and when a large amount of materials is to be mixed. In-plant mixing can better be controlled particularly if in an enclosed space.

According to a dust monitoring program in August 1999 for the Bazhou Mixing Station during Jing-Jin-Tang Expressway construction in north China, TSP concentrations in different distances were recorded, as shown in Table 5-5-3.

125 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Table 5-5-3 Jing-Jin-Tang Expressway (Construction Site Dust Monitoring Results Monitoring point Mixing methods Wind speed Distance in leeward TSP Monitoring point Mixing methods (m/s) direction (m) (mg/Nm3) 50 0.389 Ramp construction R0 0_389 site Road side mixer 0 9 100 150 0.271 Concrete mixing Central mixing 1.2 100 1.703 station12 0173 150 0.483 Right by side 9.840 Concrete mixing 100 1.970 station Central mixing 150 0.540 Reference point 200 m 0.400 in upwind direction

The table shows that in the central mixing has much higher TSP concentrations than the road side mixing, due clearly to the much larger quantity of materials handled at the central mixing at a time. The road side mixer can meet the Class 1I standard of 0.3 mg/Nm 3 at about 150 m in leeward direction. For central mixing, even 200 m in the upwind direction, the TSP concentration still exceeds the standard, indicating the facility as a strong source of airborne dust.

Asphalt mixing station

Asphalt will be the primary materials for the highway surface pavement. Studies show that when over 180°C during asphalt preparation, a large amount of asphalt spoke will be generated. At 100 m in leeward direction, the ????? concentration, a major contaminant in the asphalt spoke, may meet the applicable standard. Beyond 100 m, the ???? and hydrocarbon concentrations are all very low. Therefore, the impacted area will most be within 100 m from the asphalt mixing station.

5.5.2 Operation phase

Exhaust tail gas from vehicles is the major source of air pollution during the operation phase of the TTH. The volume of the emission is proportionately to traffic volume on the highway. The emission control facilities in and conditions of motor vehicles are affecting factors.

The traffic volumes and vehicle types are presented in the section for traffic projection.

Pollutant source intensity

The pollution source of exhaust gas on the road can be considered as a linear source, and the intensity of source Q can be calculated by:

Q , = A E 3600 where: Q-Mass of discharged pollutant j in n year within unit time and unit length of road,

126 Tonghng-Tangkou Highway EIA

(mg/mr s); A.n Traffic flow of i type vehicle in n year to be assessed(vehicle/h): E.n j pollutant discharge factor of individual vehicle of i type in n year (mg/ (m - vehicle) )O

Source intensity of pollutant discharge

Based upon the discharge factors of individual vehicles, the projected traffic volumes (see Table 2-6-1) and types of vehicles in the fleet (see Table 2-6-2), the source intensity of pollutant discharge of exhaust gas, expressed in mg/mr s have been calculated. The discharge factor of individual vehicle is derived from the Specifications for EA of Road Project (pilot). The projected source intensity for the projected traffic flow is presented in Table 5-5-2-1.

Table 5-5-2-1 Source Intensity of exhaust Gas Emission in Operation Phase (mg/m.s) Road section | Factor for projection 2008 2014 | 2022 J Starting point-Lingyang Interchange NO2 10653 1.4780 1 9489 Lingyang Interchange - Sancha Interchange NO2 0 78560 1 0771 1 4322

Dispersion model

Air emission dispersion in the environment is simulated using CALINE-4 model. CALINE-4 was first developed by the laboratory of Transportation Department of California of U.S.A. This model could be applied to the projection for linear source air emissions, both definite or indefinite, and it also could be applied in the diffusion projection of road network. The model is presented as follows:

Ci exp ( ( ) + exp (- )] V2~~~ k =) 2 f a .,&

where: u average wind speed (m/s); i--number of equivalent sources; j number of equivalent micro-sources; qijk intensity of k sub-source of i equivalent linear Source; a yijk, a zijk Diffusion parameter at Y axis and X axis of k sub-source; H Effective height of linear source(m); Z Height of receptor in leeward. where:

kla"1 1 P2~\

PDy,k = fk le/xr A PK 2.J

P=Yijk / a yijk where: y is the lateral coordinate of receptor, a yijk is the horizontal diffusion parameter

127 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

The diffusion concentration of pollutant at the receptor within the whole road network:

n C =EC, 1=1

where, n is the number of linear sources with equivalent intensity within the road network.

Determination of parameters

Diffusion parameters The dispersion of exhaust gas is affected by the movement of motor vehicles. The exhaust gas will diffuse in vertical and horizontal directions immediately after emitted from the end pipe of a moving vehicle. At this point, effect of atmosphere conditions is limited and dispersion relies mostly on effects from disturbance from vehicles. But as the emissions drift away from the highway, the effect from moving vehicles is reduced and effect from atmospheric conditions will become more significant to the dispersion of the exhaust gas. Therefore the actual vertical and horizontal diffusion parameters, a , and a Y, will consist of two parts, vehicle disturbance and environmental disturbance.

• z Cyza 2 + a 2 1/2 •y =(a2 +a 2 1/2

0 za-Vertical diffusion parameter affected by environmental disturbance: • ya-Horizontal diffusion parameter affected by environmental disturbance; • zo-Vertical diffusion parameter affected by vehicle disturbance;;

0 y0-Horizontal diffusion parameter affected by vehicle disturbance; 0 ya a , will be calculated out by exponential function.

In order to accurately determine the initial diffusion, 0 yo and 0 zo has been put into a function of wind speed:

a o =3.57-0.53Uc a yo=2 a zo

Uc-Wind seep on road, for large traffic flow, Uc=1.85 o UO.164 - cos2 0 0 -The angle between wind direction and the road surface.

Wind speed Wind speed will largely affect the diffusion of exhaust gas. The average wind speeds in the prevailing wind direction for the projected sections are presented in Table 5-2-2-2. Table 5-2-2-2 Wind Speeds in the Project Area Area Annual prevailing wind direction Average wind speed (m/s) Tongling COunty NNE 3.1 Qingyang COunty NE 1.6 Huangshan Area NW 1.4-1.7

Height of mixing layer Height of mixing layer will be determined according to the Technical Guideline-Air Environment (HJ/T2.2 -93).

128 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

Effective height ofpollutant emission source Effective height of pollutant emission source consists of the height of road and the height of the source above the road. The height of the highway varies according to the location. The height of source above the highway is assumed to be 0.5 m.

5.5.2.1 Impact on air quality in operation phase

Conditions for projection The assumptions and modification of parameters used in the dispersion model have been

discussed above. The air pollutant simulated is NO2 according to the EA TOR. The hourly traffic volume under the normal conditions is used in the model. For atmosphere stability, stability D is selected to represent the most common air stability in the region.

Projected result

The average distribution of NO2 has been calculated out on 1 hour basis, using the model described above. Table 5-5-2-3 shows the projected NO2 within 200 m from the central line of the proposed TTH and Table 5-5-2-4 shows the projected hourly concentration of NO2 at school and seniors house during the operation phase. Table 5-5-2-3 Projected hourly NO2 concentrations in the operation phase (D type stability) unit: mg/m3 Road section Year Distance from the central line of the road(rn 20 40 60 80 100 120 160 200 Starting point 2008 0 0278 0 0283 0.0274 0 0249 0.0224 0 0201 0.0166 0 0141 -Xiaxichong 2014 0 0374 0 0382 0 0369 0 0336 0.0301 0 027 0 0223 0 0190 Interchange 2022 0 0484 0.0494 0 0478 0 0435 0 0390 0 035 0 0289 0 0246 Xiaxichong 2008 0 0393 0 0445 0 0460 0 0455 0 0438 0 0416 0.0371 0.0331 Interchange-Qingy 2014 00548 0 0621 0.0642 0 0635 0 0611 0 0581 0 0518 0.0462 ang East 2022 0 0727 0.0824 0 0852 0 0842 0.0811 0 0771 0 0688 0 0613 Qingyang East 2008 0.0561 0.0627 0 0602 0 0544 0 0489 0 0442 0 0373 0 0322 Interchange 2014 0.0792 0.0886 0 0850 0.0768 0 0690 0 0624 0 0527 0 0455

Interchange 2022 0 1052 0.1176 0 1129 0.1020 0 0916 0.0829 0.0700 0.0604 *Lingyang 2008 0 0310 0 0397 0 0403 0 0381 0.0352 0 0323 0 0273 0 0235 Interchange-Ganta 2014 0 0424 0 0543 0 0552 0 0522 0 0482 0 0442 0 0374 0 0321 ng North 2022 0 0573 0 0734 0 0745 0 0705 0.0651 0 0597 0 0505 0 0434 Gantang North 2008 0 0983 0 0798 0 0637 0 0522 0 0438 0 0374 0 0282 0 0217 Interchange 2014 0.1356 0 1100 0 0879 0 0720 0 0604 0 0516 0 0389 0 0299 -Tanjiaqiao 2022 0 1800 0 1460 0 1167 0 0956 0.0802 0.0685 0 0517 0 0397 Interchange I______Tanjiaqiao 2008 2 OOE-04 0 0013 0 0033 0 0057 0 008 0 0100 0 0128 0 0142 Interchange 2014 3 OOE-04 0 0018 0 0045 0 0078 0 0109 0 0137 0 0174 0 0193 -Shancha 2022 4 OOE-04 0.0023 0 0059 0 0102 0 0144 0 0180 0 0229 0 0254 Interchange 2 0 0 Note: The italic number is the projected value for Taiping Lake .

Table 5-5-2-4 Projected hourly NO2 concentration at school and seniors houses diromg

129 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

the operation phase (DI)type stability) (Unit: mg/m3 ) No. No. of pile Name of receptor 2008 Year 2022

1 K82+850- Dongdian Primary 0 0132 0.0178 0 0231 K82+900 School 2 K95+580- Hongshan Pnmary 0.0760 0.1074 0 1425 2K95+620 School 0_07600_1074__142 3 K106+200- Xizhong Village 0 0653 0 0922 0 1225 K 106+250 Primary School 4 KDongpu Primary 0.0507 0 0715 0.0950 K116+400 ~~School ______5 K123+650 Fenliu Primary 0.0105 0 0148 0 0196 School 6 K135+500 Shaji Township Rest 0.1075 0 1471 0.1986 ______H om e 7 K172+500 Sankou Township 0 0490 0.0676 0 0897 K172+500 ~Rest Hom e ______

5.5.2.2 Assessment results

Table 5-5-2-3 indicates that in general the hourly concentrations of NO2 at each section increase along with the growth of traffic volume. The concentrations differ in different sections as discussed below

Road section at scenic sites

The projected hourly concentrations of NO2 within 200 m from the central line of the proposed road is below the Class I standard of Environment Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) throughout the key projection years. Therefore it is clear that the project will not have significant impact on air quality within Taiping Lake area.

Other road sections

The projected concentrations are all within the Class 2 standard, indicating the impact of the TTH on surrounding area air quality will not be significant. From Table 5-5-2-4, it can be seen that the projected hourly concentrations of NO2 at schools and rest homes will comply with the applicable standards.

The above modeling is based on the most conservative atmospheric conditions and for the mountainous region where air dispersion is slowest because of the terrain. Even under such conditions, NO2 concentrations are not expected to exceed the standards. Therefore, the TTH is expected not to have significant impact to air quality even under other conditions and in other sections.

5.5.2.3 Impact to Air Quality at Service Areas

The detailed design for the supporting facilities, such as service station and parking zone, have not been completed at this stage. However, recommendations have been put forward to the design

130 Tonghng-Tangkou Highway EIA engineers that Paiping Lake service station not have coal fired boilers. Any such need will be met with electricity base facilities. In other places, electrical boilers also be recommended to the designers, in order to eradicate the boiler waste gas pollution.

All service areas and parking zones will have wastewater treatment and garbage collection and storage areas. Wastewater treatment will produce odor so will the garbage collection and storage areas. These facilities will be well designed to minimize odor emissions and be located away from dining and other public areas of the service stations.

5.5.3 Global Climate Issues

Compared to the previous centuries, the last 100 years have seen rapid global warming. The trend will unlikely to reverse in the 21st century with the enormous consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. Combustion of these fuels generate greenhouse gases, such as

CH4 , NOx and predominantly CO2 which all contribute to global warming.

The motor vehicle exhaust includes HC and CO from incomplete combustion, smog dust and NOx.

Among these, methane and NOx are greenhouse gases and CO, when converted to CO2 upon oxidation, is also a greenhouse gas.

In the project area, the major existing road is S103 which extends from Tongling to Huangshan District. As the current road condition is poor, there is frequent idling, acceleration and deceleration of motor vehicles using the roads. Motor vehicles emissions including all these greenhouse gases, will be higher to much higher while idling, acceleration and deceleration than while running on constant speed. The situation of S103 is presented in Table 5-5-3-1.

Table 5-5-3-1 Basic Conditions of S103 Total length of the Average speed Average traffic flow in Road road with project Grade of road of vehicle 2000, medium size area (km) (km/hr) vehicle (vehicle/d) S 103 210 Grade 2: 113 km 25-50 2054 Grade 3 and 4: 97 km 2

After the project, the pollutant discharge would be reduced, since the project is designed to provide better transportation conditions allowing shorter traveling distance between the same destinations, higher speeds and most smooth driving.

The pollutant discharges for the S103 and the proposed TTH are estimated for the long term, based on the milestones, running speed of vehicle and rate of vehicle type (big to medium to small vehicles=6.79: 17.06: 76.15). Table 5-5-3-2 presents the comparison of pollutant discharge sof the two roads.

Table 5-5-3-2 Comparison of Air Emissions between S103 and the TTH in Year 2022 Pollutant Road F Pollutant discharge, t/a Proposed road: S103 and 205

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NO, Proposed road -7505167 ______S 103 4500 1.67: 1 l CO Proposed road 19374 0.59: 1 Co ~~~S103 33126

THC Proposed road 8202 0 74: 1 ______~S 103 11147 ______

From the above table it can be seen that although NOx is increased by 67%, CO and THC are reduced by 41% and 36% respectively, by the project. The total CO generation around the world is 371x106 tons and total THC, 1684x10 6 tons (from Introduction of Environmental Protection of Communications, May 2000). The emission reduction from this project will account for a very tiny percentage of the global total. Nevertheless, the decreased emission, compared with no project scenario, will still be contributing to slowing down the global warming process.

5.5.4 Mitigation Measures

Air impact of a highway is primarily in the construction phase and the following mitigation measures have been developed in the TTH construction.

Design Stage

• During the design stage, the locations for borrow pits, disposal sites, asphalt and concrete mixing and preparation stations will be carefully sited to avoid sensitive receptors such as residential areas, schools and seniors houses. Both asphalt and concrete stations will be located at least 300 m in leeward direction. o The construction materials transportation will use as much existing roads as possible to avoid creating dirt, temporary roads. o Asphalt and concrete mixing station will not be allowed to be located within Taiping Lake or Huangshan mountain scenic sites. o The wastewater treatment facilities and solid waste collection station will be located far from the rest area and hotel. The wastewater treatment facilities will be tightly covered to prevent the odor from releasing to the air. High trees will be planted around the facilities. The solid waste collection station will be tightly enclosed, and the solid waste will be transported out in timely manner.

Construction stage o Water spray vehicles will be provided by contractors to unpaved road and other disturbed soil. The water spray operation will be carried out in the dry or windy day, at least twice per day (moming and afternoon). The frequency of water spray at sensitive receptors, such as village, school and seniors houses, will be increased. o The materials storage sites will be selected in leeward direction from sensitive receptors. Where necessary, such storage piles will be covered to prevent the powdering and dry materials air-bome. o Trucks carrying powder materials, such as cement, sand and lime, will fully be covered.

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* The temporary roads, if not hardened will be paved with gravel and crashing stones to reduce the dust air borne potential. * The entrance of construction sites and construction vehicle parking sites will be wetted all the time and if necessary covered with bamboo sheet or straw sheet to prevent dust from air borne. * The asphalt mixing will be installed in enclosed spaces and spoke from asphalt mixing will be treated before released to the ambient air.

5.6 Socio-economic Impacts and Mitigation

5.6.1 Impacts to Scenic Sites

Among the "Three Zones" in the TTH project region, three are national and provincial level scenic sites. They are Huangshang Mountain scenic site, Jiuhuanshan Mountain scenic site and Taiping lake scenic sites, also known as "two mountains and one lake" sites. This section analyzes the potential impacts of the TTH to these scenic sites.

5.6.1.1 Impacts to Huangshan Mountain

Existing Conditions

Huangshan Mountain scenic site is divided into six scenic zones: Wenquan (hot spring) scenic zone, Yuangu (cloud valley) scenic zone, Songgu (Pine valley) scenic zone, Diaoqiao (Suspension bridge) scenic zone, Beihai scenic zone and Yuping scenic zone. About 80% of the tourists enter the Huangshan Mounntain scenic site through its south gate.

The management organization for and relevant regulations on Huangshan Mountain can be briefly summarized as follows:

There is a dedicated management organization for the management of the scenic site, which is Huangshan Mountain Scenic Management Committee, under the jurisdiction of Huangshan City Government. * The development and administration of the scenic site are based on the Huangshan Mountain Master Plan which has been approved by the State Council and Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Management Regulations, enacted by Anhui provincial People's Congress. * All development and construction projects within the scenic site must be approved by the Ministry of Construction of the central government, as well as the approval of their environmental impact assessment by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) at the same time. * An environmental protection office has been set up in the scenic site, including in the office an environmental supervision station and environmental monitoring station. * There is a well developed regulatory and policy framework for the management the Huangshan Mountain scenic site. The framework includes Interim Methods for Huangshan

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Mountain Scenic Site Sanitation Management, Interim Methods for Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Environmental Management, Management Methods for Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Wastewater Treatment Facilities Operation, etc.

As a major tourists site, Huangshan Mountain scenic site has a certain amount of service facilities, including 3696 hotel beds. Three overhead passenger cable cars lifting tourists to the top of the mountains with a total capacity of 15,000 person-times/day. Water supply of the scenic site is provided from local reservoirs which have a total capacity of 4 10,000 m3 .

The management authority has taken several environmental protection and other management measures at the scenic site, including: o For the total of 600,000 t/y of domestic wastewater generated within the scenic site, the management authority has invested RMB13 million since 1989 in 15 treatment facilities. As a result, about 90% of the wastewater is treated and discharged within the applicable standards; o The management authority has invested a total of RMB6 million since 1991 to renovate 22 public toilets within the tourist areas of the scenic site. The current facilities are adequate for the demands of 20,000 tourists per day. o The management authority has invested a total of RMB8 million since 1985 to set up five municipal solid waste disposal facilities and over 600 garbage collection bins along tourist routes within the scenic site. The scenic site now has 154 environmental sanitary workers responsible for garbage collection, transportation and disposal at site. The municipal solid waste generated within the site is first separated and the non-recyclable portion of the waste (mostly organic waste) is disposed of through incineration, composting and sanitary landfill. The recyclable and non-disposable waste is manually transported down the mountain daily. o A laundry center is set up outside the scenic site, which is responsible for bed sheet, table cloths laundry from the hotels and restaurants from the mountain. Such a setup reduces the water demands as well as wastewater generation with the scenic site. o There is a vegetable processing center outside the scenic site which provides the service to the site itself. The center reduces the waste generation from raw vegetable preparation. o At the Yupinglu wastewater treatment facility within the scenic site, an effluent tertiary treatment and recycling facility is added to reduce the demands and conserve the water resources on the mountain. o Within the scenic site, coal and firewood burning is banned. The major fuel and power sources are liquified petroleum and electricity. The ban helps control air pollution within the scenic site area. o There are six transportation brigades within the scenic site, responsible for transportation of goods in and out of the mountain. o The key scenic zones are in rotary moratorium to provide time and opportunity for the ecosystem in these zones to take a break and rest from tourist pressure.

Because of the outstanding management of this major scenic site, including the measures described above, the Huangshan Mountain Scenic site has received many awards over the years.

134 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

In particular, the site received Outstanding Management Authority for World Heritage Site in 1998, and International Cultural Scenery Protection and Management Award in 1999. There have been only three awards for the later in the world so far and only one in Asia, to Huangshan Mountain.

Impact Assessment

The proposed TTH will not go through the Huangshan Mountain scenic site directly and as such will not impact the site directly. However, due ot the improvement in the transportation conditions to the scenic site, there will be increase tourist volume, which will bring potential adverse impacts to Huangshan Mountain and the scenic site. In addition, the highway construction would also cause adverse visual impacts in the scenic area as well as adverse impacts to the transportation.

The visual impacts of the highway construction activities to Huangsha Mountain is discussed in Section 5.8.2 and the following discussion focuses mainly on the potential impacts to transportation to Huangshan Mountain. As described before, S103 is the sole transportion route from Hefei, through Tongling to Huangshan and the sole transportation for the tourists from the Hefei direction (which is a major tourist source). The proposed TTH will cross S103 several times requiring grade separate pass construction over S103 and demanding temporary detour of S 103. Furthermore, construction vehicles will use S103 heavily during construction. These activities will reduce the road capacity at S103 and increase the travel time for tourists.

During the operation phase, TTH will greatly improve the transportation conditions, reduce traveling time, and increase the comfort level of road transportation, attracting more tourists to Huangshan Mountain. A major potential impact from such increase will be the increased burden to the environmental capacity and tourists service capacity at Huangshan Mountain. Many factors could affect environmental and tourist service capacity of a mountain based scenic site, including scenic area, tourist route length, accommodation, cable car lifting capacity, water supply, waste disposal, etc.

Tourist capacity

Many factors affecting tourist service capacity in a scenic site. These include scenic site area, tourist route length, accommodation capacity, cable car capacity, water supply, etc. The TTH completion and operation will greatly improve the transportation to Huangshan Mountain inducing increase in the number of tourists to the site and adding the burdens to the existing tourist capacity. The following section uses cable car capacity and tourist route to represent the tourist capacity at the Huangshan Mountain scenic site, which will, in turn, serve as the basis to analyze the impacts of induced increase in tourists to the site.

Based on the design capacity of the cable cars at Huangshan Mountain, the scenic site can receive a maximum of 15,000 per day or 5.48 million per year. At the present, the daily tourists using the cable cars to the mountain is merely 2600 or 950,000 per year and there are only 12 days in a year when the cable cars reach its design capacity. Therefore the increased burden to tourist service capacity is limited as there is still a large room to accept additional tourists.

135 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

The tourist route capacity may be calculated by:

Q =L/Q

Where, Q is tourist route capacity L is the length of the tourist route within the scenic site and M is the average length occupied by a tourist, assumed to be 3 m/person

Based on the actual site information and the above equation, the tourist route capacity may be calculated as follows:

Wenquan and YunGu scenic zones: 3200/3 = 1067 person-times/day Yuping scenic zone 7374/3 = 2458 person-times/day Beihai scenic zone 10189/3 = 3397 person-times/day Songgu scenic zone 17078/3 = 5693 person-times/day Diaoqiao scenic zone 14125/3 = 4708 person-times/day Total 17323 person-times/day

On the annual basis, the maximum existing tourist route capacity is 6.32 million person-times/year.

With regard to the tourist volume, the tourist statistics of the past 10 "golden weeks" (i.e., the first week of May, October and Chinese New Year when the whole country have one week holidays) shows that Huangshan daily maximum tourists is 30,176 person-times. This peak occurred in October 1999, the first ever golden week in the country, when the site was highly crowed and there was a lot of tourist complaints. The following golden week, tourist volumes to Huangshan Mountain have been around 20,000 person-times per day, still significantly larger than the normal volume which peaked at 10,837 person-times per day. Due to enhanced management and well preparation, such volumes seem to be acceptable to the tourists. Therefore, the tourist capacity, if using 20,000 person-times as a basis, would be 7.3 million person-times per year.

Ilnduced Tourist Increase

Tourist volume to a scenic site depends on transportation, travel time, holiday schedules, economic development, attraction of the site itself, etc. Clearly, transportation improvement will induce increases in tourist volume, transportation condition is not the only affecting factor. Over the last 10 years, tourist volumes to Huangshan Mountain has been generally increasing as shown below:

Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Tourist Volume 90 6 81 3 78.4 83.1 84 7 107.8 98 119.1 117 134 4 (x10000)

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140- 120 - E~ 100 ~- ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -tourists volume,

° 80 60 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 year

tourist volume of Huangshan Mountain

According to Huangshan City Tourist Economy Development Plan (2001-2010), the future tourist volume will increase at the rate of 15% per year. The OD survey and traffic forecast in the project feasibility study report also predicts a 15% annual increase for the period of 2000 to 2008 but will slow down afterward to 12% from 2009-2015 and to 8% from 2016 to 2025. Using these growth rates, the tourist volumes to Huangshan Mountain over the 25 years period to 2025 will be:

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Tuourist volume(xl 04 ) 117 134.4 155 178 205 235 271 311 358 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Tuourist volume(xl 04 ) 401 449 503 563 631 706 791 854 923 Year 2018 2019 020 2021 022 2023 2024 2025 Tuourist volume(xl 04) 996 1076 1162 1255 1355 1463 1580 1707

o o 2100 - x 1600 --- tourist volume E 1100 - > 600

Ca3tX O100 %

year

forecast of tourist volume of Huangshan Scenic Site

Based on the above forecast, the existing tourist service capacity will be saturated only after 2015

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even with the induced tourist increase. With the economic development, Huangshan Mountain will be further explored and developed and tourist service capacity will also be increased in the future. Therefore, the TTH is expected to have significant adverse impacts to tourist capacity at Huangshan Mountain scenic site.

However, the other service, especially environmental protection facilities will face increased burdens from the increased tourists, inducing potentially adverse impacts to the environment at Huangshan Mountain scenic site unless effective mitigation measures are taken. For example, the existing wastewater treatment capacity is not sufficient enough to treat all existing wastewater generated (90%). With the rapid increase in tourist volume at 15% per year for the next six years, wastewater generation will increase at a similar rate. More raw wastewater would be discharged to the delicate environment in the Huangshan Mountain area unless additional wastewater treatment facilities are added to the site or existing facilities are expanded to accommodate the increased volume of wastewater.

Similarly, more solid waste will be generated, demanding more solid waste collection, storage, transport, and disposal facilities or environmental pollution will result. Other facilities, such as toilets, laundry, etc. will also have to be expanded at a similar rate as the tourist volume in order to prevent any potential impact to the environment quality. However, increased service facilities, such as toilets, garbage bins, disposal/treatment facilities, restaurants, and hotels will occupy more land within the scenic site and could potentially cause visual impacts if not designed and harmonized with the surrounding area properly.

An environmental upgrading program funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the "Two Mountains and One Lake" scenic sites, including Huangshan Mountain, is soon to be implemented. The program takes into consideration of the growth in tourists to these scenic sites and increased burden to the environment and supports capital projects to build new or expands existing waste collection and treatment facilities (eight wastewater treatment stations, 15 km sewer network, solid landfill and incinerator, 11 public toilets, etc.). This, together with other pollution control programs from local funding sources, will help ensure that the waste management capacity at Huangshan Mountain will expand and upgrade in a timely manner to accommodate the anticipated increase in the tourist volumes.

Impacts to areas outside Huangshan Mountain scenic site

Besides the Huangshan mountain scenic site itself, the proposed TTH will also affect the surrounding area, primarily from the following two aspects: o Following the operation of the TTH, there will be a great increase in flow of people to Shancha village at the foot of the Huangshan mountain, resulting in local economic development and urbanization. If not properly planned and controlled, disorderly development may occur including disorderly development of the tourism zones which are not easily accessible without the TTH, seriously impacting environmental and tourism resources quality in the area.

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The relatively massive construction of the TTH ending point at now quiet and undisturbed Shacha village, including interchange, toll station and management center, will damage the natural setting and the environment at this village. These facilities will also be visible from one of the major tourist zones on the Huangshan mountain causing visual impacts to the tourists, although about half of the tourists hold positive view of the facilities in terms of their visual impacts, according to the EA team's survey at the site.

5.6.1.2 Impact to Jiuhuashan Mountain scenic site

As one of the four major Buddhist mountains in China, Jiuhuashan Mountain attracts many believers among the tourists visiting the mountain, about 60% of the total visitors. Compared with other major Buddhist mountains, Jiuhuashan receives relatively less tourists, about 500,000 person times per year, seemingly far too few compared with its major Buddhist status. The main reason for the relatively small number of visitors is the poor transportation conditions. Jiuhuashan Mountain is about 3 hours or more from nearest airport and has no highway connecting with the outside.

Jiuhuashan Mountain scenic site currently generates a total of 400,000 t/y of domestic wastewater, treated through four septic tanks. The total solid waste generation is 5357 tly. The two existing solid waste disposal plants in the site have a total capacity of 3571 t/y, with the reminders randomly dumped. Solid waste generated within the site is handled by 72 environmental sanitary workers

Jiuhuashan has three cable cars lifting to the mountain top, with the maximum capacity of 13,200 person times per day. The current actual usage is about 2466 person-times/day with 40% of the visitors choose not to use the cable car but to climb up to the top. Within the site, there are currently 5200 hotel beds, with additional 800 to be added by 2005.

The closest point between the proposed TTH to Jiuhuashan Mountain scenic site perimeter will be 5 km and thus the highway will not impact the scenic site directly. However, the TTH construction will greatly reduce the travel time from Hefei as well as from nearby Hefei and Huangshan airports, tourist volume is expected to increase. Once the visitors exceed a certain volume, they will bring adverse impacts to the Jiuhuashan Mountain environment.

According to the current service capacity, Jiuhuashan Mountain scenic site can receive 5.82 million visitors each year. The past six year tourist volume has been, however, far below this service capacity, as shown below:

year f 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Tourist volume(x104) 43.12 49 79 40 19 43.73 44.39 50 45 I ~~~- . i E -- t7 --h H, 1

-~~~~~ , _-

Porter of Huangshan Mountain Who is in Charge Sewage Treatment Equipment of Huangshan Mountain Scenic sites of Carring Commodity and al I Sorts of Garbage

4. ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i~

Meshwork Using for Couecting Garbage Discarded by Visitors Cleaner of Huangshan Mountain Scenic Sites

1 tk L s. __,' _* _-, ,

| W ~~_ |-- I E

Fense Used to Prevent Visitors from Protection Measures for the Rare Tress Entering the Forest of Scenic Sites

Environmental Protection of Huangshan Mountain Scenic Sites

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-+-tourist volume| 55 50

-E 45 0 °40 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 year tourist volume of Jiuhuashan Scenic Site

The tourist volumes of Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Site over 23 years to Year 2025 will be:

year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Tourist volume(x104) 58 66.7 76 7 88 101 116.6 134 150 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Tourist volume(x 104) 168 188 210.8 236 264 296 319 7 345 Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Tourist volume(x 104) 372.8 402 7 434.9 469.7 507 547.9 592 639

_800- 4 00- °-20- tourist volumes

. 9 , . t . . f.4 b x0 i

year forecast of tourist volumes of Jiuhua Mountain

From the above projected tourist volume, before 2024 Jiuhuashan Mountain scenic site will have sufficient service capacity and not to generate adverse impacts to the scenic site environment. The above estimae shows that the tourists are forecast to increase to 5.92 million by 2024, roughly the capacity today. Therefore, the TTH development is not expected to have adverse induced impacts to Jiuhuashan Mountain. In fact, because of the increased tourist volume to Jiuhuashan Mountain, its service capacity can be better utilized, helping promote local economic development.

Jiuhuashan Mountain Scenic Site management authority is currently implementing following site management and environmental protection projects:

1 An

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* Move the management organization off the mountain and leave more scenic sites to tourists. It is planned that by 2005, all management organizations will move out and by 2010, all residents wthin the core area will be moved out. * Revise the 1988 Jiuhuashan Master Plan, expected to complete in 2002. The Plan will take an integrated approach towards development and environmental protection * Anhui province is currently implementing an ADB funded "Acid rain control and environment improvement" project which includes nearly US$10 million plus matching fund from local government of RMB160 million for Jiuhuashan Mountain environmental improvement. The funding will be used primarily to expand water supply capacity within the scenic site from the current 3000 t/day to 20,000 t/day, one wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 15,000 t/day and construct a new solid waste disposal site. These pollution control facilities have given adequate considerations to the increase in tourist volume in the future.

5.6.1.3 Impacts to Taiping Lake scenic site

Taiping Lake scenic site is centered on Taiping Lake and surrounded by the mountains with a very beautiful natural environment. Due to the limited investment, scenic spots development and market promotion, Taiping Lake scenic site is rarely known in the general public and has not become a hot tourist attraction. There were only 64,000 visitors in 1998, 80,000 in 1999, 121,000 in 2000, and 146,000 in 2001. The growth rate is however, quite significant and the tourist volume doubled in the last four years.

The main tourist attraction spots of Taiping Lake scenic site are the small islands in the middle of the lake and the tours of the site are highly dependent on boats. The current pleasure boat maximum capacity is 600 per day or 219,000 per year.

The TTH will go through Taiping Lake scenic site and construction of the TTH could cause soil erosion, and disposal of construction waste, wastewater and solid waste generated by construction workers could also impose adverse impacts to the scenic site Furthermore, the earth work and change in terrain due to construction activities would have visual impacts to the scenic site. Further assessment of visual impacts of waste disposal is included in Section 5.8.

Taiping Lake has wide water surface and many islands. If sufficiently funded (e.g., on pleasure boats, tourists attraction development, etc.), the tourist capacity in Taiping Lake scenic site can be much larger than a mountain based scenic site as the scenic site development is relatively less constrained by the surrounding environment. The current main constraints are however transportation and development funding.

The completion of the TTH will greatly improve transportation conditions toward Taiping Lake scenic site and promote the tourist industry. Because of the TTH, Anhui province has already planned Taiping Lake as a state level tourist site. According to Anhui Province Tourist Master Plan and the Two Mountains and One Lake Scenic Site Tourist Master Plan, the development of

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Taiping Lake scenic site will place the same weight on development and protection. Environmental protection and pollution measures will be developed at the same time, with the same capacity as the increase in tourist capacity. Any development programs at the scenic site will be subject to vigorous environmental impact assessment before they can be approved in accordance with the state and local laws.

5.6.2 Land occupation

Cultivated land, garden and forestland

The total area of land to be pernanently occupied by this project is 9365.56 mu, equivalent to 624 ha, including 8569.25 mu of cultivated land, tea garden and forestland, about 91.5% of total. The details of land occupation are presented in Table 5-6-1-1.

Table 5-6-1-1 Summary of cultivated land, garden and forest land to be occupied (mu)

County Township Cultivated land Forestland Tea garden

Tongling County 2 409 88 83 42 0 Qingyang County 5 2558 44 1047 3 51 96 Shitai County 1 30.29 177 52 0 Huangshan District 7 1442.233 2743 9 24.31 Total 15 444084 4052.14 7627

According to the above table and also cross-referring Table 4-3-5-1 and Table 4-3-5-2, the percentages of loss of cultivated land, garden and forestland, which shows the impacts of the loss, may be estimated and the results are presented in Table 5-6-1-2.

Table 5-6-1-2 1mpacts to cultivated land, tea garden and forestland Loss rate of Loss rate of Loss rate of tea garden County cultivated land forestland

______(%) (%) (%) Tongling County 0 24 0 03 0 Qingyang County 1 1 0.15 0 07 Huangshan Distnct 1 2 0 14 043

It is clear that although the cultivated land, garden and forestland will suffer a loss of area, the current land use would not be changed since the rate of loss id very small.

Economic loss of agriculture and forestry

After the site survey, the average yield of major agricultural crops is presented in Table 5-6-1-3, which is based on a random sampling local farm households.

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Table 5-6-1-3 Average ield of major agricultural crop in each county Item unit Tongling Qlngyang Huangshan Shitai County County County County (reference) Cereal yield kg/mu 350 4 311 2 368 1 288 4 Output value RMB/mu 366.7 734 38 885 14 754 53 Tea yield kg/mu - 18 10 16 06 20 80 Output value RMB/mu - 194 76 337 26 503 98 Forestla Area mu 13530 25127 106816 nd Output value 104 RMB 6749 4471 9502

The economic loss of agriculture is estimated in Table5-6-1-4.

Table 5-6-1-4 Direct Economic Loss Item Unit Tongling Qingyang Huangshan Shitai County .______County County County (reference) Loss of kg 23 6 88 4 53 1 0 9 Cereal production k84 Loss of output 101 value RNMB 247 2086 1277 23 Loss of kg 0 06 0.3 Tea production kg4 Loss of output O0 7 7 3 value RMB

Forestland prLoss of 104 74 3 223 4 224 8 Total RMB 99 423.7 359 8 2 3

Percentage of GNP ( %) 0 06 0 43 0 31 0 01 Note: The loss of forest output value is estimated on ration of equality, gross output/total forest area=lpss of output/ occupied area

It is shown that, although the direct loss of economy in Qingyang County and Huangshan District is relativey high, the loss only accounts for 0.43% and 0.31% of GNP of the two counties respectively. The impact on local economy as a whole is not significant.

5.6.3 Induced Impacts

5.6.3.1 Impacts to local economy and tourist industry

The completion and operation of the TTH are expected to have the following induced impacts to the economy and tourist industry in the project area:

* The highway will provide convenient and efficient transportation to the project area, enhancing the movement of people, goods and information, particularly the agricultural produces towards outside markets, increasing the income of local farmers; * The highway will connect the abundant tourist resources in the project area, benefiting further development of the tourist industry and tourist economy; * The project area has a beautiful environment and many scenic sites but the over-development, or improperly planned development of tourist spots induced by the TTH would damage the natural environment and cause adverse environmental impacts; * The increased tourist volume to the region, while bringing consumption and other tourist

143 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

money, will increase the environmental burdens to the area particularly the sensitive scenic sites. Unless effective and sufficient control and mitigation measures and facilities are developed at the same time, the increased burdens will bring damaging impacts to the environment including the tourist resources. o The construction and operation of the TTH, including road maintenance and service areas during operation will bring employment opportunities to the local area; o With the increased movement of people particularly visitors to the area, service industry such as food, accommodation, etc. will be developed. Also there will be demands for souvenirs and other hand made goods by the visitors, creating income opportunities to the farmers along the highway; o The development of tourist industry and increased visitors to the currently rather isolated area will bring in new ideas, values and way of living. This could change people's attitude and correct some of the old, bad habits such as random dumping of solid waste, and thus improve the environment, as well as the life style at the same time.

5.6.3.2 lImpact of interchanges and connection roads

The proposed TTH will have five interchanges with design provisions for one more, to be constructed later. The siting of these interchanges have been carefully selected to minimize the impacts to the socio-economic and natural environments. The present design locations for Lingyang, Gantangchengbei and Tanjiaqiao interchanges need no resettlement. The limited resettlement in other interchanges have been well considered in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the project.

The interchanges in the TTH are the main connection modes with other roads and urban centers in the project area. The locations of the interchanges connect all major transportation roads (G318, S103, S325 and G205), major urban centers and townships and major scenic sites along the highway. Therefore, the proposed TTH is expected to greatly promote the local economy, improve the investment environment, and provide convenience to the people in the area.

However, while the interchanges and connection roads bring transportation convenience, they also bring potential impacts at the same time. When the highway and the connection roads are completed, there will be increased movement of people in the interchange and connection roads areas, resulting in the following impacts: o Increased motor vehicles emissions and noise at these areas o Increased municipal solid waste, resulting in higher burdens to the local environmental sanitary staff and handling/disposal facilities; o Spread of epidemic diseases and increased difficulties to control them; and o Increased traffic accidents.

These adverse impacts are difficult to avoid. They will be however mitigated through environmental management plans and measures. In June 2002, the EA team has consulted with the local governments in the interchange and connection road areas with the participation of local

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environmental protection, transportation, and public health authorities. These government officials were briefed of the above potential adverse impacts induced by the construction of the highway and connections roads and were asked for their opinions for their concerns and mitigation measures. The results of this consultation process are included in the Appendix.

5.6.4 Community severance The fully fenced road will separate the villages (15 counties and 48 villages) along the route, resulting in inconvenience to outings, access to the farmland and services, etc. However the adverse impact has been carefully considered during the design phase. Following several public consultations, the design team has included 16 grade separate, 139 pedestrian/agricultural underpasses, 39 paths, and 11 overpasses along the route, total 200 highway crosses. There will be one pathway in every 580 m of the TTH on average. And each village will have 4.1 pathways. The daily life of the villagers would not be significantly affected by the project. However, some villagers will still be separated by the highway. The following figures illustrate such impacts in selected villages with typical situation:

Situation 1: the proposed TTH will go through a village in the middle and cut the village in half, as shown in the figure below

This village will be divided into two parts. Before the project, there is 3 roads. One of them will be closed due to the project(the black

,_ ' , 'circle). As a result, some villagers have to walk up to extra 100 m, this is not overly serious.

Figure I Xinzhong Village of Rongcheng Township of Qingyang County

Situation 2: the rural residence is separated from the farm field, affecting the production activity, as shown in figure below.

This village will be separated from its "'-Q~ - .....farmland. During the design phase, the v pathways for vehicle and people (black square), 170 m from each other, have been

A-,4"/ t,X,'i,'5Y,_- - _ ,4 /-t included.

Figure 2 Lingyang Village of Lingyang Township of Qingyang County

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Situation 3: individual rural houses in isolate may not always be taken into considerations when mitigation for severance is planned, as shown in the figure below.

: ~~>>- 9~ 5,< t < ^y_ The kertical dotted linic in the lfiure is

.> !t 4 sk-'144f1 --e \@ .,,-~Jlr the ioa(l to the tkwo rtijal houses (black blocks). The Tl-l- il CcIt off this 1oMd. isolating the two houses.

Figure 3 Pingtan Group of Yangmei Village of Shaji Township of Qingyang County

In addition, irrigation facilities have been taken care of in design. There will be 99 bridges and 304 culverts so that the demand for irrigation water and drainage would be met.

5.6.5 Impact of Construction

The major impacts of the construction activities on the residents nearby include: o The need for temporary access roads will occupy land including cultivated land. As a result, the farners are to lose several seasons of crops and harvest. The access roads will also general other potential impacts such as soil erosion particularly the access roads are usually unpaved, traffic noise, air emission form vehicles, dust, traffic safety, water impacts if located by water bodies, etc. o The construction vehicles will increase the traffic volume on the existing roads such as S103, which will affect traffic flow particularly the construction vehicles a large and may make road side stops for loading and unloading. The air-borne dust and noise on the existing roads will also increase affecting the living environment of residents nearby. o The explosion operation could treat the safety of villagers and damage the properties if not handled properly o The domestic wastewater and solid waste generated from construction camps could affect the daily life of villagers and contaminate the environment. The contractors will be requested to take measures against the problems. Details are discussed in Section 5.6.8.

5.6.6 Impact on the Planning of "Two Mountains and One Lake"

The objective of the "two mountains and one lake" master plan is to promote the tourism in the "two mountains and one lake" sites, while at the same time protect the natural resource and environment. Development of tourism would depend on transportation conditions. This proposed

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TTH will improve the transportation conditions within the "two mountains and one lake" area, helping promote the tourism and achieve the plan.

This project will cross part of the "two mountains and one lake" land, causing adverse impact on the natural resources. Influx of vehicles will bring noise and air pollution problems. The impact analysis and mitigation measures have been discussed in the Sections of 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7 and 5.8. But these adverse impacts could be largely mitigated. In general, the ecosystems in the region would not be significantly changed and the natural environment, degraded.

The actions and measures included in the master plan for environmental and natural resources protection, have all been incorporated into this report, as well as in the EMP for this project.

5.6.7 Impact on Human Health

The project affected area is not in any epidemic disease alert region. In order to prevent the construction workers from local diseases and protect local residents from diseases which could brought in to the region by the mobile construction workers, preventive measure and procedures must be taken.

Before the Project construction starts, the local health centers will be consulted for information on local diseases and suggestions on preventive measures. In the iodine-deficient areas, iodine-salt will be provided and iodo-potassium pills may also perscribed as supplements.

The major measures for the prevention of infectious diseases and snail fever are education, and a good practice of personal hygiene while drinking and eating.

The main measure against AIDS are through public awareness and education of construction workers in the construction camps through public bulletin boards and providing entertainment in their spare time. Blood inspection will be compulsory prior to employment at the construction sites, to monitor the employee's health status. At the same time, a ban on taking drugs and prostitution must be strictly implemented and "safe sex" will be encouraged and practiced. After the expressway opens to traffic, the movement of people to and through the now rather isolated Project region will be increased, with increased number of hotels, restaurants and other entertainment services expected. Certain negative impacts from such movement will appear, such as the spread of diseases including AIDS. Once the expressway is in operation, local governments along the road will put this issue on their agenda by making regular public education on AIDS prevention via radio, newspapers and other public media. Heath and epidemic prevention stations and hospitals shall inspect for AIDS rigorously. Public securities shall strengthen the registration management system for migrant people and reinforce regular legal controls on night clubs, hotels, beauty parlors and other entertainment places where AIDS exposure can be a high risk.

With regard to construction safety, explosion for stone and earth removal will produce serious safety, as well as environmental, concerns. This will involve both the management, storage, transportation and handling of explosives and the explosion operations themselves.

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Mis-management of explosive materials and lack of control during explosion operations could result in serious injuries of not only construction workers but also local residents. In particular, the local residents may not have the knowledge of explosives and explosive operations and lack self protection awareness during such operations. The risks of being injured will be even higher.

Besides potential safety threats to people, explosion operation could also affect the structural integrity and safety of houses. According to experience with other expressway projects, the vibration impacts of explosion on mountains can extend to a 500 radius area centered on the blast location. Houses, especially rural houses of brick, earth-wood and other simple structure within this area, resulting in wall cracking, falling of ceiling or roof tiles and other damages. The impact to the houses would not only cause property damage but also safety risks to people in the damaged buildings as well.

Construction sites could also be a potential safety hazard for local residents, especially children who do not have the understanding of such dangers on a construction site and knowledge for self-protection. The unusual activities at the construction sites may be an attraction to the rural residents and rural children. The safety hazard will be real and serious safety accidents could occur if they are in the construction sites.

During construction, effective safety and warning measures will be taken to reduce and avoid accidents. The explosion time, signal, and guarding will be regulated, and the people and vehicles within explosion area will be removed following strictly designed procedures. Prior to explosion, thorough inspection will be conducted and safety lookout will be built to prevent people and vehicles from passing explosion affected areas. Explosion will not be carried out in hours which may be busy for rural residents or local traffic. The usage and management of explosives will follow strictly the relevant regulations issued by public security and other relevant authorities.

The construction sites will be fenced and sealed off from the general public where possible, particularly children. A large board will be posted at the entrance, warning of the safety hazard and the danger of unauthorized entry into the construction sites. In addition, the contractors and construction supervision companies will be requested to visit the villages within their construction areas, explain the construction activities including the safety hazard associated with them. The contractors will be requested to conduct similar public education programs to the rural communities of their contract section regularly, when a new type of construction activity is about to start and prior to the most dangerous operations such as explosions.

5.6.8 Impacts to Cultural Relics

Among the nine cultural relics along the TTH alignment, Yangjialing and Shangjie relic sites have poor conditions and some even have residential housing built on the top. These sites have low cultural or historical values according to relevant provincial cultural relics authority. Furthermore, the highway will not pass through the sites directly but only their boundaries. Thus the impact to these cultural relics sites are limited.

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The Huangtuling dinosaur egg fossil site, through which the TTH will pass, may still have dinosaur fossil in the deep layer red sandy rock layer. Although the fossil bringing layer is very deep, highway construction activities may still damage such fossil if they do exist

The Jieshiting tomb groups, Wenjiachong kiln, and Huangnixiang tomb groups, to be passed by the TTH, are relatively large and well protected relics sites. The TTH will occupy parts of these sites.

Although protective excavation at these sites will be conducted prior to commencing the construction, chances finds of ancient china, coins, daily utensils, etc. may still be a possibility during construction. In addition, new cultural relic sites may be found underground during excavation and other construction activities. If construction workers do not have the necessary knowledge and awareness to protect such chance finds, valuable cultural properties may be damaged.

5.6.9 Mitigation Measures

This section outlined the mitigation measures designed for potential impacts to socio-economic environments as analyzed above. These measures are to be taken in the design, construction and operation phases, respectively.

Design phase

* The design team will improve the design of pathways for each village, taking into account of the pathway access problem of scattered villagers, or the scattered villagers would be relocated together with the majority. * The alignment selection will avoid or minimize the occupation of good farmland and good forest. The waste land, shrub land or farmland will be considered as the first priority for land occupation. * The farmland will be re-cultivated immediately after temporary occupation. If the land is deprived of productivity by the project, economic compensation sufficient to cover the loss will be paid, or the use of land will be changed. * For the reserved farmland to be permanently occupied, following measures will be taken for compensation: The sloping land will be cultivated as terrace and protected as reserved farmland; While the economic compensation is paid, the available cultivated land will be seek to compensate the lost reserved land. * The selected route will be changed to avoid the Yangjialing Relics site for by about 90 meters and a protection stone will be erected. * The Huangnixiang Tomb Group of Shangjie Relics site will go through a protective excavation prior to the start of the construction and all finds will be collected and preserved in the county museum.. * The Wanjiachong Kiln Relic site will go through a protective excavation prior to the start of the construction and all finds will be preserved in the county museum. * The selected route will be changed to avoid the Wenchang pavilion by about 70 meters.

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o For Dongjiacun tomb groups, the borrow pit will be moved northwest bound by about 250 meters to avoid occupying this site. o Unearth the Jieshiting Tomb Group for salvage before the road construction. The excavated area is about 3000 m2.

Construction phase

Existing Roads

o The access road will be minimized, the existing road will be used as possible. The contractor will at first cooperate with the road agency in development of road use plan, especially in the case of S103. The construction activity will be scientifically scheduled to avoid the sensitive time of villagers. o At the place busy of transportation, warning signs will be installed. The material transportation route will be carefully selected to avoid populous area or villages. o Mitigation measures against air-bome dust and noise have mostly been included in Section 5.3.4 and 5.5.4 of this report

Cultural Relics Sites

o The contractors are obligated to provide necessary training to its workers for basic knowledge of cultural relics. Once a chance find is uncovered, the construction will be halted immediately. Cultural relics authority will be called in and an investigation starts. The construction on the same site can resume only after the contractors receive such instructions from cultural relics authority. o Professional cultural relics specialists will be called during the construction at the Huangtuling dinosaur egg fossil site to identify additional signs and start the protective excavation immediately if new relics items are found o At the beginning of the No.3 borrow pit construction, investigative drilling will start first and if a relics site is found, the borrow pit will be relocated to elsewhere. o The temporary siting of borrow pits and waste disposal sites will be carefully conducted to avoid cultural relics sites.

Public Disturbance

o The construction activity will not damage to service facilities along the road and any accidental damages will be repaired and restored at the quickest way possible. O The contractors will be requested to have their own the equipment for temporary power supply, communication and water supply. o A billboard will be installed at the entrance of construction site, indicating the names and phone numbers of the contractor, supervisor and local EPB. The villagers therefore could voice their complaints, if any, to govemment department as well as responsible for it.

Safety and Health

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* The construction workers will be educated with the basic knowledge about disease control, especially the epidemics such as AIDS or hepatitis. * The construction workers will be provided with necessary personal preventive equipment, such as helmet and earplug. * Effective safeguard facilities will be provided to the people living along the proposed road. The construction site or other dangerous place will be fenced off to alert the villagers of the dangers. * Transportation and storage of explosive will receive special attention. The place where the explosive will be applied needs to be carefully examine to ensure a full compliance with the procedures and regulations. * The houses within 500 m from the explosion place will be carefully examined prior to explosion operation. The houses which are thought to be vulnerable to explosion operation will be reinforced for explosion operation.

Temporary Access Road

* Borrow pits and disposals will be sited as close to the construction site as possible so that the need to access road can be minimized; * Transportation of construction will use the existing roads, e.g., S103, as much as possible; * Temporary access roads, if necessary, will be built within the acquired land to the highest extent possible to minimize the need for temporary land acquisition; * The access roads will be selected to avoid sensitive receptors such as schools, seniors houses and residential ares.

Construction Camps

* Septic tank will be provided for construction tank, and needs to be cleared regularly. * Wastewater from the camp is banned from entering into waters; * The solid waste in construction site will be collected regularly and transported to designated site for disposal. * The drinking water quality will be ensured to meet the national standard for drinking water.

ContractorManagement

Contractors will be on the construction site at all time and their activities will be the sources of adverse impacts during the construction phase. Therefore, contractors are the key for environmental control and mitigation plan implementation and as such, environmental management for contractors will be critical for successful mitigation. Most of the mitigation measures designed above require contractors to implement. In order to ensure the mitigation measures and environmental management plans become contractors commitments, the following actions will be taken:

* During the contractor pre-qualification, environmental management of contractors will be an

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integral part of the evaluation criteria o Under the same conditions, priority considerations will be given to those bidders who have ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified; o Contractors will be requested to provide at least one full time environmental staff at the construction site for environmental supervision, environmental monitoring and environmental mitigation measures implementation; o All mitigation measures such as those listed above will be included in the bid documents so that contractors will bid with the understanding of these environmental requirements and prepare budget for mitigation measures in their bids where necessary. These mitigation measures will then become contractual obligations for the winning contractors; and o Environmental training will be provided to the winning contractors prior to the commencement of the construction. At least one senior manager and one full time environmental staff from each contractor will be requested to attend the training, to be delivered by experienced environmental specialists and local regulators. The training program will be 2-3 days prior to signing of the contracts. The training programs will include, but not limited to, - State and local environmental regulations and discharge standards, - Technical principles for relevant environmental control technologies - Project EIA and EMP, - Site monitoring requirements and monitoring techniques, - Reporting requirements and monitoring feedback, - Mitigation measures, - Environmental emergency and spills response, - Continued public consultation and handling of public complains, and - Contractors' contractual obligations for environmental protection.

In addition, construction supervision companies will also play an important role in environmental management and pollution control. The requirements for environmental management for construction supervision companies will also be included in the bid documents and later in the contracts. At least two staff members one of whom being a senior manager from each winning construction supervision company must attend the same training program for the contractors described above.

Operation Phase

The socio-economic impacts are primarily to the Huangshan mountain scenic site and the following mitigation measures are developed accordingly.

Increased tourists

The Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Management Committee is fully aware and well understand the impacts of construction and operation of the TTH on tourism burden to the site, and is now in the process to revise Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Master Plan to accommodate the effect from the expected great increase in the number of tourists to the site once the TTH is open for

152 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA traffic. The revised master plan will be the principal guides to the development of Huangshan mountain and avoid the disorderly construction and development, with the objective of promoting the tourism and protecting the environment and resources at the same time.

One of the major issues at the Huangshan mountain scenic site is the even burden of the tourists to the site in the difference months of the year. For example, the numbers of the tourists to the site in 2001 were:

* January 23,066 * February 15,733 * March 63,248 * April 141,634 * May 230,600 * June 106,220 * July 175,023 * August 187,224 * September 127,645 * October 183,383 * November 67,810 * December 22,593

Clearly, the tourists are heavily concentrated in the five months of the year including May and October each of these months has a golden week, as well as July and August when schools are on vacation and weather is suitable for travel. The tourist burden to the site is so uneven that the busiest month, May is about 14.6 times higher than the quietest month, February. The daily tourist burden also varies heavily with the highest up to 20 to 30,000 people while the quietest day the site receives only 58 people. As a mitigation measure, the management authority plans to regulate the door price in hope to adjust the tourist loads. Also, with the vacationing system gradually established among the employers of China, the tourists may not always show up in the golden weeks, which will also help spread out the tourist loads.

Other mitigation measures to be adopted at the Huangshan mountain tourist site include:

• Reasonably arrange the tourist routes and attract the tourists to different zones in order to increase the tourism capacity at the site; * Gradually open up and pomote the Diaoqiao scenic zone at the west gate, Songgu scenic zone at the north gate as well as other zones in different parts of the site to alleviate the congestion currently occurring at the existing Beihai, Xihai and Yuping scenic zones. * Develop more scenic zones in the surrounding area of the Huanghshan mountain scenic site which has abundant tourism resources (see Section 4.7.7). According to Anhui Provincial Tourism Development Plan, the province will speed up the development and promotion of the tourist attractions near the Huangshan mountain at the same time when the TTH and other parts of the highway network are constructed, in order to share the tourist burden to Huangshan mountain.

153 Tonghng-Tangkou Highway EIA o The tourist will be encouraged to tour the mountain but live off the mountain. The cable car operation hours will be prolonged, from the current 8 am to 5 pm to 5 am to 10 pm daily. This will allow tourists have sufficient time to tour the mountain site including the popular tourist items of watching the sun rise and sunset on the mountain, without having to live on the mountain. e The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is funding an Acid Rain and Environmental Upgrading project in Anhui province which includes a $14.6 million component plus RMB250 million matching fund for Huangshan Mountain environmental upgrading. The program take the future tourist grow, as well as the need to protect the environment, into considerations. In total the program will build, new or upgrading, eight wastewater treatment stations in the Huangshan mountain scenic site, with a total treatment capacity of 7470 m3/day, and upgrade the sewer network including construction of 15 km of new sewers. Other pollution control facilities in the scenic site include construction of municipal solid waste landfills and incinerator, upgrading of seven public toilets and construction of four new ones. These facilities will greatly help protect the environment in the scenic site, even with the much increased tourist, thus environmental, burdens to the site following the construction and operation of the TTH.

SurroundingArea

The Huangshan district government plan to take the following measures to mitigate the potential impacts described above: o There will be no bus stop at Shacha village and tourists will be discouraged to leave their vehicles in this area; o The tourist service facilities such as hotels, restaurants and other commercial vendors, will be strictly controlled in this area; o The relocated residents will be moved to a collectively planned and built new houses which are away from the interchange area and hiden in the woods o Shacha village development will be carefully planned, with particular consideration to harmony. The construction materials, configuration, style, color, form, etc. will all be under strict control in order to main the Huangshan or Wannan style. They will also have traditional Anhui's architecture style reflecting Anhui's culture, so that the structures can be integrated and harmonized with the natural and cultural scenery in the region, and maintain the good quality of the Huangshan mountain surrounding environment. o Development of village level scenic zones will be banned. All tourist attraction site developments will be under the master plan and strictly in compliance with state level scenic site standards and requirements. All new scenic zone or attraction developments must go through environmental impact assessment. o Enforce the jurisdiction and authority of the Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site Management Committee. Although the state government has a specific degree on the scope of the jurisdiction and authority for the Committee, the actual authority particularly that for protection area have not always been clear and specific. This lack of clear management authority has resulted in certain levels of disorderly development within the scenic site.

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Re-enforcement of the scope of the authority will help control and minimize the disorderly development.

5.7 Soil Erosion and Mitigation

According to relevant government policies, this project needs to prepare a separate Soil and Water Conservation Plan (SWCP). The project proponent has entrusted Highway Research Institute of the MOC to prepare a SWCP and this section is a synopsis of the Plan.

5.7.1 Soil Erosion Impact The HHT impacted area is mostly the key soil and waster conservation areas. The exiting soil erosion in the project area is shown in Table 5-7-1.

Table 5-7-1 Existing Soil Erosion in the Project Area g 2 Location Soil erosion IntensityJ ~~~~~~~~ErosionErsi Moduleyedr) (t/m2 year) Tongling county erosion Light and below 1804 erosion Most area Surface and ditch Light and below 1800-2100 erosion Qingyang Xiaxichong Surface and ditch countya (K98-K 100) erosion, landslide and Medium heavy 2500-3000 county (K98-K 100) ~~flooding Yangtai to Lingyang Surface and ditch Light and medium 2000-3000 erosion heavy Shitai county Liuduzhen Ditch erosion Light and below 1000 Heping, Gantang and Surface, ditch and Medium 2200-2500 Huangshan Sankou artificial erosion district Sankou, Tanjiaqiao Surface and ditch light 1800-2100 and Shacha erosion

The table shows that soil erosion along the project area is mostly light and medium and not very serious.

The vast majority of the project impacted area belongs to light to medium soil erosion regions and soil erosion is not very serious. During highway construction however, the disturbance of the surface vegetation will lower the anti soil erosion ability of the sites. If it rains at this time, soil erosion may result. More specifically:

* The highway construction will have a large volume of earth work (excavation and transportation), and these activities themselves are erosions to soils. While during the processes of excavation, filling, and transportation, part of the soil will lost in the process. * For the construction of road bed base, limited by various factors the earth work can hardly be completely balanced. Some sections may need borrowed earth while others may generate excessive materials requiring disposal. The spoiled materials typically have loose texture and poor anti-erosion ability and are easy to subject to soil erosion. * The construction of the TTH will create large amounts of new slope sections These slopes will change the original land terrain, damage the surface vegetation and soil layers, and thuse

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reduce the anti-erosion ability. Such slopes will be potential areas for soil erosion.

Soil erosion would mainly occur in the construction phase, particularly the early days of the construction phase, when the mitigation and protection measures are not in place yet. In contrast, following the completion of the construction, as well as various protective structures, soil erosion will be gradually reduced and ultimately to or below the original soil erosion levels.

Using analogy method to predict the soil erosion, considering the same types of construction activities in the similar regions, including cut, fill, excessive materials disposal, slope making, if no mitigation measures are taken, the incremental increase of soil lost during construction will be 1.256x106 tons. Although soil erosion may not be completely avoided during highway construction, the amount of soil lost during this period can be reduced and minimized using various preventive and mitigative measures, outlined below.

5.7.2 Soil Conservation Measunres in Early Constiruction Phase

The early days of highway construction involve mainly road bed construction. As at this time, the protective engineering structures have not been constructed, temporary preventive measures will be taken for areas easily subject to soil erosion (e.g., borrow pits, spoiled materials disposal sites, road bed side slopes, etc.). These measures are: o Temporary protection at borrow pits: Most borrow pits for this project will be located at hilly land and deserted land. Borrow pits operation will create exposed soil slopes which can result in heavy soil erosion during strong rainfalls. Drainage interception ditches will be built surrounding the borrow pits to prevent surface runoff from hills to flash the slopes. o Temporary protection at disposal sites: prior to the use of a disposal site, the lower end of the site will be built with bank to prevent the flush of the spoiled materials in the piles into nearby rivers or farmland. Interception ditches will be built at the upper side of the site to divert the runoff away from the site. In some of the temporary piles of spoiled materials where the above temporary measures cannot be taken, the piles will be covered by nylon cloth or similar sheets to minimize the erosion of rainfalls. o Temporary mitigation for the road side slopes: at the edge of road willers where side slopes are most vulnerable, a 0.2 m high by 0.5 m wide berm will be built. Then create a temporary discharge ditch every 50 m to collect and then direct surface runoff to discharge ditch off the road. A settling pond may be built downstream from the discharge ditch. For fill section higher than 5 m, an earth berm will be built at the foot. For land slide, hill falling and soft land sections, retaining walls, concrete piling, slope cutting or complete pavement with stones may be applied to stabilized these section for construction safety as well as prevention serious soil erosion.

5.7.3 Restoration of borrow pits and disposal sites

For those borrow pits and spoiled materials disposal sites which are of a temporary nature as they

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will finish their intended function after the highway completion, once the construction is complete, the areas will be leveled, covered and re-vegetated. As the surface soil layer is thin in the highway area, it is difficult to find sufficient amount of soil for final borrow pits and disposal sites coverage and restoration. Therefore, the contractors will be requested to keep the surface soil in reserve at the beginning of the borrowing and disposal operation, which will be used during final coverage. Furthermore, restoration and re-vegetation will need to consider harmonization with the surrounding environment and to minimize any potential impacts to environmental aesthetics. The restoration plan for each of the borrow pits and disposal sites, prepared by the EA team with the above considerations, is listed in Table 5.7-2.

Table 5.7-2 Restoration Plan for Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites No Nature Location Depth/height Restoration plan 1 Borrow pit K78+500 4 5 Level, cover, landscape 2 Borrow pit K79+800 10 Level, cover, landscape 3 Borrow pit K83+600 4 Level, cover, landscape 4 Borrow pit K88+80 6 Level, cover, landscape 5 Borrow pit K95+400 5 Level, cover, re-cultivate 6 Disposal site K99+ 100 6 Level, cover, landscape 7 Borrow pit K1 12+750 1 2 Level, cover, landscape 8 Disposal site K128+700 10 Level, housing land 9 Disposal site K133+500 5 Level, cover, re-cultivate 10 Disposal site K134+100 6 Level, cover, re-cultivate I1 Disposal site K146+100 10 Level, cover, re-cultivate 12 Disposal site K149+100 10 Level, cover, re-cultivate 13 Disposal site K152+800 6 Level, cover, landscape

14 Disposal site K158+050 6 Level, cover, landscape K158+550 15 Disposal site K159+300 10 Level, cover, landscape 16 Disposal site K162+800 10 Level, urban land 17 Disposal site K 169+000 10 Level, cover, re-cultivate 18 Disposal site K173+350 5 Level, cover, bamboo garden 19 Disposal site K175+900 10 Level, cover, bamboo garden 20 Disposal site K181+010 7 Level, cover, bamboo garden 21 Disposal site K187+580 7 Level, cover, bamboo garden 22 Disposal site K 193+500 5 Level. cover. bamboo garden

As the project will use soil banks/terms at borrow pits and disposal sites, surface runoff interception and discharge facilities, immediate restoration and reclamation, landscape and other engineering at slopes, etc., the soil erosion during construction will be controlled to the minimum. Most erosion will occur prior to the implementation of the preventive and mitigation measures. It is predicted that the soil erosion modules can be mostly controlled the current levels during the construction phase.

5.8 Assessment of Impact on Landscape and Mitigation Measures

As the TTH will go through or near some of the most beautiful scenic sites in the country, the creation of a highway in such setting will affect the view, scenery and environmental aesthetics. This section analyzes the adverse visual impacts of the TTH as well as develops effective mitigation measures.

The proposed project will adversely impact natural landscape through the following:

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• Separation of natural landscape and disconnection of continuity and damage to the natural setting. In several sections of the TTH, the natural scenery has a high quality, stunning views and little human activities thus far. The highway will create a distinct mark of human activities in such a purely natural environment. o Occupation and damage of important natural landscape and scenery. In some of the valley areas, the proposed highway cannot completely avoid the narrow sites and will have to use high fill, deep cut, elevated viaduct, tunnels, etc. which will destroy the natural slopes of hills or valleys and affecting the views of the area. o Conflict between image of the highway and the natural landscape. As a modem infrastructure, the highway itself and affiliated structures (retaining walls, slopes, drainage, culverts, fence, signage, boards, etc.) as well as supporting facilities (toll stations, service areas, parking lot, etc.) are all artificial or man-made. If not designed or sited properly they could create a major conflict to the natural setting in the surrounding areas.

5.8.1 Key impacting sections

Based on the general characteristics of expressway projects, the some highway sections that would potentially create adverse impact on landscape and visual impacts. They are high fills, deep cuts, interchange (toll station), service zone, bridge, elevated viaduct and tunnel, borrow pit and spoil stockpile and material stockpile site, access roads, construction vehicle and construction camp.

In general, the proposed highway will have low adverse impact on the plain landscape, since plains have limited environmental aesthetics quality, high threshold and low sensitivity. In contrast, such sections as hills, valley, forest, lakes usually have high environmental aesthetics quality, high sensitivity and low threshold, therefore more sensitive to construction works, and thus special attention in impact assessment as well as mitigation planning.

5.8.1.1 High fill and deep cut sections

The locations of major high fill and deep cut road sections are shown in attached Appendix 7.

There are 20 high fill road sections along the highway, with the total length up to 8374 m, or 7.3% of the TTH total length. In addition, there are nine deep cut sections and 38 deep-cut points, with the total length of 8920 m, or 7.8% of the total. The detailed locations of the deep-cut sections and points are shown in Figure 4-9-3-1.

For high fill sections, the highway structure will enter into the visual scope or block the view of natural landscape of the people near the highway, creating a conflict in the visual scope between this structure and natural landscape in the background and surrounding areas. Therefore the high fill sections will be decorated to the highest extent possible during the design to minimize the conflict, so that people will not just see an ugly concrete structure but something which can harmonize with the surrounding setting to extent possible.

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Deep cut sections will mainly affect the view of the people who on highway. Demanded by the geological and topographic conditions, deep cuts often require concrete or stone pavement of the slopes on both sides, which create a conflict with the surrounding green and natural setting and impact travelers' visual pleasure. Such visual impacts would be particularly strong in forest, and valleys.

5.8.1.2 Service areas

There are three service areas, Yangtian, Taiping Lake and Changyuan Service Zones. Their relations with the natural landscapes are shown in Table 5-8-1.

Table 5-8-1 Relation between Service Zones and Natural Landscape Service No. of pile Area Surrounding environment Type of landscape zone (mu) Yangtian Ki 11+020 15 To the south of Yangtian Township, Plain landscape service zone Kl_11+020_ 15surrounded by farmland and ponds ______In a small basin, to the north is Taiping Hill and valley Taiping Lake, to the south is Jianshan Mountain, to landscape and lake Lake K149+550 32 the east is Taipinghu Township, At the landscape combined, at service zone nearest distance, it is I km from the the edge of Taiping Taiping Lake, and 600 m from S103 Lake landscape site. In a narrow valley plain of Huangshan Changyuan Mountains, to the east is high mountains, Hill and valley service zone K178+000 15 to the west is Ma River, surrounded by landscape farmlands

It is clear that the service zones of Taipinghu and Changyuan are within particularly sensitive areas, in which the structures will be eye-catching and visual impact will be significant.

* Taipinghu Service Zone: Currently, there are villas, resorts and villages and Taiping township scattered along the southwest side of Taiping Lake. The continuity of the natural setting on the shoreline has already been disrupted by these other developments. The service area, with its structure, parking lot, roads etc. will further affect the surrounding landscape, although the service area itself is not the major visual impacts source in the shore area On a positive side, the service zone will become a very good platform for tourists and travelers to stop and watch beautiful landscape of Taiping Lake. * Chanyuan Service Zone: Although it is not important landscape or scenic site in the immediate surrounding area, the facility is located within the Huangshan mountain's narrow corridor with a beautiful setting. Small, Anhui traditional rural housing are scattered among the rolling mountains and thick forest. The large structure for the service area including parking yard and road, could impact adversely on the natural view of such a setting. But similar to the Taipinghu service area, this service zone can become a very good platform for tourist to stop and see the beautiful landscape of Huangshan Mountains.

The impact on landscape will be limited through reasonably and careful design and layout of these service zones. At the same time, these zones will become good places for tourists to watch the beautiful landscape.

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5.8.1.3 Interchange (including toll stations)

There are six interchanges along the highway (Figure 4-9-3). Except, Tianjiaqiao and Shancha Interchanges which are located in hill and valley region, all others are located in plain and connected with existing road network which is the major existing view of the area at present.. Therefore the interchanges at these locations have little incremental impacts to visual pleasure in those plain regions, except Tianjiaqiao and Shancha Interchanges.

O Tanjiaqiao Interchange is to the southwest of Tanjiaqiao Township: It is connected with S103 heading to the north gate of Huangshan Mountains. Although it is located in valley landscape, there are existing villages surrounded by vast farmlands and signs of heavy human activities. This interchange is therefore not going to have significant impacts to the existing view of the landscape. o Shancha Interchange (including toll station): Occupying an area of 203.6 mu (13.6 ha), this interchange and toll station is adjacent to Huangshan mountain scenic site. From the Yungu scenic zone on Huangshan mountain, one will see clearly the structure of the interchange and toll station. With the current beautiful natural landscape and scattered small rural housing in the view, the creation of the interchange and toll station will cause a major visual conflict.

5.8.1.4 Bridge and tunnel

Impact of bridge

There are 10 super large bridges/elevated viaduct along the TTH, with four designed to cross streams and lakes. These bridges will sever the view of the stream and lake landscape. In particular, on the vast lake, the concrete structure (Shuiqiaohu Bridge and Taipinghu Bridge) will be outstanding and eye-catching. However, Shuiqiaohu Bridge will cross the edge of the lake, surrounded by fish ponds and unfinished villas without landcape views requiring special protection. This bridge therefore will not create significant visual impact. Taipinghu Bridge will sever Taiping lake into two parts, bigger on the east and smaller on the west. There is an existing bridge 200 m downstream of the proposed bridge site. Therefore the water view severance effect would not caused by this proposed bridge alone.

The existing bridge 200 m downstream of the proposed Taiping lake Bridge is designed to make a shortcut to Huanshan Mountains. This bridge, built in 1996, is shaped like a white sailing ship, at the entrance of the Taiping lake and has become an showplace of the area by itself. However there will be visual pressure since the two bridges are too close with each other. And there could be visual conflict if the color, shape and design or the two bridges differ significantly.

In summary, Taiping lake at the bridge area is very narrow and is already at its edge, the visual impacts of the bridge will be limited to this area only and not to other landscape and views of the Taiping lake.

The bridges crossing valley is designed to connect with tunnels. The impact to surrounding

160 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

landscape is small compared with high fill sections. This impact could be minimized by harmonious design and appropriate colors with the surrounding environment.

Impact by tunnel

There are nine tunnels along the highway, with the total length of 7509 m. Tunnel is always designed to minimize environmental impact in a road project.

The adverse visual impact of tunnels will arise from the entrances and exits which cut the original landscape. Additionally, the concrete structure at the entrances and exits will not be harmonized with the surrounding natural settings and greens, creating a visual conflict.

5.8.1.5 Borrow pits and spoiled materials disposal sites

The TTH construction site will have a total of six borrow pits and 16 disposal sites. The surrounding environment of the borrow pits are flat/mild hill and borrow pits will utilize small hills. Following the earth borrow operations, the small hills will be flattened and restored through re-cultivation or landscaping. The restored sites will integrated into the surrounding environment and is expected to have little visual impacts.

All 16 spoiled materials disposal sites are selected in depressed lands. If near a village, a site may be filled, leveled, and then re-cultivated and if near an urban center, it will be used as urban land. Disposal sites No. 13, 14, 15, and 19, 20, 21, 22 are located near the Shlishan protection reserve and near Huangshan Mountain scenic site, respectively. These areas are well covered by vegetation and green year round with very beautiful natural scenery. These seven disposal sites will be carefully restored and landscaped with the appropriate plants to ensure that they will harmonize with their surrounding views and environment.

5.8.2 Impact on landscape in construction phase

The construction activity in the key sections, such as Huangshan Mountains and Taiping Lake, will last 1-2 years, when the construction workers will live on site. The material storage, construction vehicles, access road, construction camps and random dumping of solid waste can create visual impacts to the surrounding natural setting

5.8.3 Mitigation Measures

Design phase

* The highway alignment will be smooth rolling along to the extent possible with the natural terrain and topography and not to seek highway engineering at the expenses of damaging to the natural landscape and scenery. * High fill and deep cut sections in the mountainous and valley araes will be replaced by

161 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

bridges or tunnels where possible. o The entrances and exits of tunnels will be designed as arch shaped and decorated with local plants where possible. o The slope of deep cut section will be gentle where the natural vegetation cover is easily restored. The slope will be created in such shapes that will match the surroundings and appear to be natural slopes. Where possible, the slopes will use natural plants with strong rooting and water fixation ability to stabilize and avoid using concrete and stone. The green on the slope will alleviate the visual impacts on the travelers using the highway. o Service zons design will be harmonized with the surrounding area and avoid using any colors with sharp contrast with that the area and where appropriate include areas for view watching. The architecture style will be designed with the consideration of both modem and tradition as well as harmonization with the other buildings, structure, and rural housing in the area. o The parking lots will be designed in areas which can be hide from the public view and visual scope. At the perimeters of the parking lots, large and tall trees will be planted to further reduce the visual impacts. The entire service areas will be well landscaped. o The Shancha Interchange and toll station design will give sufficient and careful considerations to color, style, layout, and shape to harmonize with the surrounding area. Trees will be planted around the interchange. o Bridge design will be consistent and harmonized with the surrounding setting through configuration, style, and color. The Taiping lake bridge design will also need to consider the style of the existing bridge in the same area. In areas where bridge construction could potentially create a major visual impact, a special landscape design will be included to minimize such impacts. o Drainage facilities will be under ground or hide under bushes where possible. The side ditches will not be paved with cerements, instead, covered by vegetation.

Construction Phase o The construction activity in the section of high landscape quality (for instance, Huangshan Mountains and Taiping Lake) will be scheduled in off-season for tourism. The construction vehicles will operate at night to the extent possible. The vehicles will be kept clean and the materials, particularly powered materials, transported will be covered. o The fencing walls will be constructed around the construction site near landscape sites, which will be decorated with vegetation or other means to minimize the visual impacts created by the construction sites. o The construction camps will be located in the nearest villages where possible. No construction camps are allowed in forest, scenic sites, and other sensitive areas. o The solid waste from construction and domestic sources will be collected and disposed regularly in engineered and designated facilities. Random dumping of solid waste will be strictly banned. o The material storage and mixing stations will be located far away from river side and landscape sites and not to be visible from major public areas. o The existing roads will be used as possible to access construction sites. If not possible, the access roads will be selected in places that could minimize the damage to vegetation and to

162 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

scenic sites.

Operation phase

Huge billboards for advertisements and other purposes could create visual impacts and affect the overall landscaping. During the operation, the traffic control signs will be carefully erected and other billboards including advertisement will be strictly controlled.

5.9 Resettlement and Relocation

The content contained in this section comes mainly from Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which was prepared in accordance with relevant policies of China as well as one of the ten World Bank's safeguard policies, OP4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. The RAP was prepared by East China Exploration and Design Institute, following a detailed site survey, public consultation, information release and action planning.

5.9.1 Scope and Quantity of Resettlement

Affected Region, Household and Population

Tong-Tang Expressway involves four counties/districts, 48 villages and 200 residential groups. The total number of affected households is 3081, none which involve ethnic minority. Of those affected, 191 or 6.2% of the households involve house relocation, 2611 or 84.8% of the households involve land acquisition by the Project, and another 279 households involve both house relocation and land acquisition. The total affected people is 11,778. Among them, 6.1% is to be affected by house relocation, 84.6% affected by land acquisition and 9.3% by both house relocation and land acquisition. Table 5.9-1 provides the details of the resettlement scope.

Table 5.9-1 Tong-Tang Expressway Affected Households and Population Total Lost land Relocated houses Lost land and Agricultural Townshipa Lrelocated houses population Township HHD people HHD people HHD people HHD people requiring I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~-employment Tangling County Total 300 1167 238 944 23 84 39 139 347 Xinxiang III 385 89 301 7 24 15 60 114 Dongdian 189 782 149 643 16 60 24 79 233 Qingyang County Total 1501 5669 1303 4943 48 160 150 566 1971 Xinhe 289 1080 266 998 8 26 15 56 398 Rongcheng 238 889 185 683 16 54 37 152 314 Yangtian 444 1735 380 1492 12 47 52 196 589 Lingyang 380 1403 338 1258 4 9 38 136 431 Shaji 150 562 134 512 8 24 8 26 239 Shitai County Total 36 130 36 130 0 0 0 0 27 Lidu 36 130 36 130 0 0 0 0 27 Huangshan District Total 1244 4812 1034 3946 | 120 479 90 387 1741

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Taiping 259 1025 242 957 9 30 8 38 195 Gantang 295 1093 277 1004 2 8 16 81 511 Xianyuan 83 348 71 301 8 30 4 17 74 Sankou 149 584 122 472 8 31 19 81 171 Tanjiaqiao 311 1179 277 1051 9 23 25 105 559 Tangkou 147 583 45 161 84 357 18 65 231 GrandTotal 3081 11778 2611 9963 191 723 279 1092 4086

Housing and accessory facility demolition

The Project requires to dismantle various types of houses totaling 86,614 m2, including 79,832 m2 of private housing and 6782 m2 of collectively owned houses. In terms of structural types of houses, there are 67,999 m2 or 78.5% brick/concrete houses, 10,901 m or 12.6% brick/wood houses, 872 m2 or 1% of mud/wood houses, 1736 m 2 or 2.0% simplified houses and 5104 m2 or 5.9% miscellaneous houses. Details of these houses are presented in Table 5.9-2 (private houses) and Table 5.9-3 (collectively owned houses).

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______~Table 5.9-2 Summary of Relocation of Private Houses and Accessory Facilities by Tong-Tang Expressway Houses (Mn) Accessory Facilities1

TownshipBrick/ Brick/ Mud/ Pig brick [una [dConcrete Ta WellT Stove Phone Cable Pn ______Total cocet Simple Misc Sunyaedfwatre(No)yaNo) TV Pn Toilet Total concet wood wood m2) W M rd Tape (NVN) (N) (o (No) (No)

______Tongling C ounty _ _ _ _ _

Total f__ __ 8609 0 355 52 0 459 70 5737 0 0 54 60 1I 0 19 II1 Xinjian 3069 2894 0 151 24 0 239 0 492 0 0 21 22 4 0 12 11 Dongdian j5947 5715 0 204128 0 220 70 5245 0 0 33_ 138 7 0 7 0 Qingyang County Total 3 1034 29238 160 380 608 648 1337 824 12192 0 67 84 92 68 66 88 82 Xinhe 2560 2394 0 144 12 10 0 0 935 0 0 13 1 6 0 1 7 Rongcheng 7688 7502 0 177 0 9 184 109 3467 0 0 36 0 18 7 4 7 Yangtian 11287 10829 0 59 399 0 443 460 4859 0 29 21 44 18 29 36 29 Lingyang 6999 6221 160 0 142 476 474 170 2163 0 25 12 34 19 20 34 30 Shaji 2500 2292 0 0 5 13 26 8 6 0 13 2 13710 139 Huangshan District Total 39782 23971 10741 139 528 4403 2702 744 8849 997 149 56 198 94 112 96 199 Taipinghu 3473 1029 1799 0 90 555 246 30 1102 0 10 7 13 10 14 11 14 Gantang 3318 2126 768 94 45 285 275 40 656 383 14 2 10 5 3 14 13 Xianyuan 1974 1685 74 0 16 199 316 73 722 0 10 5 11 2 I 12 12 Sanxiang 5977 2136 2992 45 27 777 611 175 1494 15 II 20 16 4 17 25 8 Tangjiaqia7653 974 5108 0 122 1449 570 370 4020 0 8 21 34 18 3 30 36 0 Tangkou 17387 16021 0 0 228 1138 684 56 855 599 96 1 114 55 74 4 116 Total79832 ~61818 00 7 18 55 48 13 26778 97216 194 350 173 178 203 29

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Table S.9-3 Su mary of Relocation of Public Hlouses andi Accessories by Tong-Tang Expressway Houses (in2 ) Accessories

County Owners Brick/ Gate Brick M2) yard Tapwater Well Phone Pond 2 Total Simple Misc building2 fence2 Yard( Conret Tapwatr ell Phneoon Concrete (in ) (in ) Yard (n) (No.) (No) (No) (No) olt( )

Forest Bureau 707 707 15 100 1000 I I I

Hongshan village 1261 1261 30 60 2500 = =

Qingyang Fenliu village 35 35 1 County Shaji townshiip 522 469 53 10 110

Transportation Bureau 245 245 45 200 1

Total 2770 2717 0 53 55 315 3700 0 0 1 1 1 2 No I Construction Company 2279 1731 548 15 50

Huangshan Forest Bureau 1050 1050 240 1080 1 District Sancha village 683 683 20 246 3 3 2

Total 4012 3464 548 0 15 310 1080 246 3 0 3 0 3

Grand Total 6782 6181 548 53 70 625 4780 246 3 1 4 1 5

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Commercial vendors

According to a detailed site survey, the Project will affect about 24 commercial vendors/shops These shops have already been included in the relocation and resettlement plan.

Trees and tombs

This project construction will remove trees near the houses and in the fields which are on the project site before construction. The RAP team conducted a detailed survey of these trees, including their species and age. According to this survey, the project will affect a total of 7310 trees, including 2900 fruit trees and 4420 other trees. According to the same survey, the Project will also need to relocate a total of 1365 tombs currently located on the project site (see Table 5.9-4 for details).

Table 5.9-4 Trees to be Removed and Tombs to be Relocated Trees to be Removed Tombs to be County Township Fruit relocated Total Others (No) Total With fruit Juvenile Total 1892 755 725 30 1137 18 Tongling Xinjian 925 282 282 0 643 7 Dongdian 967 473 443 30 494 11 Total 4181 1425 1276 149 2756 707 Xinhe 547 161 159 2 386 23 Rongcheng 1345 450 435 15 895 75 Qingyang Yangtian 1578 606 505 101 972 262 Lingyang 500 171 144 27 329 302 Shaji 211 37 33 4 174 45 Total 0 0 0 0 0 30 Shitai Liudu 0 0 0 0 0 30 Total 1237 720 542 178 517 610 Guangyang 0 0 0 0 0 10 Taipinghu 139 78 29 49 61 55 Gantang 303 182 152 30 121 140 Huangshan Xianyuan 131 49 38 11 82 99 Sankou 177 114 87 27 63 27 Tanjiaqiao 347 177 142 35 170 199 Tongkou 140 120 94 26 20 80 Grand total 7310 2900 2543 357 4410 1365

Special/public Facilities

This Project will affect the following special/public facilities: power lines, telecommunication

167 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA cables, communication optical cables, village roads, etc. They will be protected during construction and, where damages are not avoidable, repaired after the construction (see Table 5.9-5 for details)

Table 5.9-5 SpeciallPublic Facilities Affected by Tong-Tang Expressway Quantities Item Unit X Total Tongling Qingyang Shitai Huangshan

Communication Overhead lines m 38700 1550 20100 900 16150 Optical cable m 3700 3700 Power 1 I1lOkV power line m 4700 2000 2700 2. 35kV power line m 11000 5000 6000 3. lOkVpowerline m 44600 4000 27400 13200 4. 220V/380V power line m 69700 4500 36600 28600 Roads Category road m 4550 | 1000 | 2300 | 450 800 Village roads m 3700 [ 600 | 1950 j 950 | 200

Affected Enterprises

The TTH will affect a wood finishing mill in Huangshan District. The mill currently has 18 employees, occupies a total area of 8294 m2, and has a fixed assets of RMBI.55 million. As a subsidiary of a construction company in the District, the mill mainly produces wood products or simi-finished products to be sold primarily to its parent company. In 2001, the total revenue of the mill was RMB 1.5 million with before tax profits of RMB75,000.

Permanent and temporary land occupation

The TTH will permanently occupy 9356.56 mu, including cultivated land of 4440.84 mu or 47.4% of the total, forestland of 4052.14 mu or 43.3%, tea garden of 76.27 mu or 0.8%, aquacultural land of 220.12 mu or 2.4%, construction land of 444.46 mu or 4.7% and un-used land of 131.73 mu or 1.4%.

Temporary land ocupation will be 1536 mu, including cultivated land of 697 mu, vegetable land of 40 mu, and forestland of 799 mu. The average temporary usage time is 4 years.

5.9.2 Laws, Policies, Compensation Standards for Resettlement

5.9.2.1 Laws and ReguRations

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Relevant laws and regulations issued by the central government

* (Land Laws of the PRC)) (January 1999) * ((Implementation Guidelines of Land Laws of the PRC)) (State Council Degree No. 256) * ((Protection Regulations of Agricultural Land)) (State Council Degree No. 257) O((Interim Regulations on Cultivated Land Occupation Tariff of the PRC)) (Guofa No.(1987) No. 27) * ((Implementation Guidelines of Forest Laws of the PRC)) (State Council Decree No. 278) * ((Village and Township Planning and Construction Guides)) (Guofa (1993) No.116)

World Bank Policies

* OP4.12 ((Involuntary Resettlement))

Relevant Laws and Regulations issued by the Provincial Government

* ((Implementation Methods of Land Administration of Anhui Province)) (September 2000) * ((Forest Protection and Administration Guidelines of Anhui Province)) (July 2000) * Circular on Relevant Policies on Forest Land Compensation" (Wanjiafei [1995]58)

5.9.2.2 Resettlement Objectives

The overall objective of the resettlement in the TTH is to resettle the relocated people, reasonably re-employ the labors who lost their means to earn incomes to the Project, and to increase or atleast maintain at par the standard of living of the relocated and resettled people. According to the actual standard of living in 2002 for residents along the proposed expressway alignment, considering county's (district's) ten-five plan development goals and long term goals for 2015, the resettlement objectives are determined as follows:

* The food will be basically self-sufficient. In areas where cultivated land is limited agricultural system and crops will be re-structured to maximize the potential of the land yields; * Ensure the relocated families will have the same net income as before relocation; * The public facilities, school, medical care, social welfare level, natural environment and transportation conditions will be improved compared with the before relocation levels.

5.9.2.3 Resettlement Principles

According to the relevant state laws and regulations as well as World Bank's relevant policies on involuntary resettlement, the resettlement in this project will adopt the following the principles:

Implement relevant compensation policies in order to achieve the objective of enhance or at least re-store the standard of living of the affected residents;

169 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA o Resettlement plan will comply with local land restoration, economic and development plans; It will consider all factors, interest of different stakeholders, and properly handle the relationships among the state, collectively units and private individuals; o Resettlement action plan shall be based on actual land acquired and properties relocated and their corresponding compensation standards. The scales and standards of construction projects for resettlement shall be based on the principles of restoration of the same scales and stdandards as the existing houses/facilities, with adequate funding sources. The fund required to increase the scales and standards in compliance with the local development plan shall be coming from local governments and relevant local agencies; o There shall be sufficient consultation with the affected residents with regard to resettlement planning and compensation standards in order to protect their interest; o Resettlement shall primarily rely on local resources, combine with the agricutural structure reform, improve irrigation conditiions, increase the utilization rate of the local land, and enhance agricutural sustainable development, in order for affected residents to maintain the origional production and living standards; o Planning shall be based on the principles of "benefit production and convenient to living"; o Resettlement planning shall be integrated with regional construciton, resources development, economic development and environmental protection. Based on actual conditions, the mesures shall be practical and capable of create conditions for self development in order to restore and further develop the production activities and stdandard of living of the affected residents.

5.9.2.4 Compensation Standards

Land compensation fees and resettlement compensation rate for permanently occupied land

Compensation ratefor cultivated land acquisition compensation rate

The compensation rate for permanently acquired cultivated land is eight times of the average yields of the previous three years; Each rural resident requiring resettlement due to the loss of land will be compensated with five times of the average yields of the previous three years. At the project area, the average yields of cultivated land in the previous three years is RMB866/mu.

Compensation standardsfor orchardsand mulberry gardens

The compensation rate for acquisition of orchards and mulberry gardens will be seven times of average yields of the previous three years while the resettlement compensation rate will be three times of the average yields of the previous three years.

According to a site investigation and analysis, the average annual yield for an orchard is RMB800/mu, while the mulberry garden yield is RMB1000/mu per year. The young crop compensation will be RMB600/mu.

Fishpond compensation

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The compensation rate for fish pond acquisition will be six times of average yields of previous three years and the resettlement rate will be three times of the average. The three year average yield of fish pond is RMB800/mu.

Forest/wood land compensation

Wood land compensation

The acquisition of bamboo land and major wood land will be compensated based on the four times of the harvest yield. Tea garden will be compensated with seven times of the average yield of the previous years. And minor wood land (scarcely grew trees) will be compensated at the 70% of the major wood land compensation rate. According to site surveys, the bamboo harvest yield is RMB720/mu, major wood land (primarily pines) yield is RMB90/mu and tea garden yield is RMB750/mu.

Resettlement compensation

The resettlement rates will be three times of the annually yields: bamboo, RMB180/mu/year, major wood, RMB90/mu/year, tea garden, RMB750/mu/year and minor wood land, RMB36/mu/year.

Wood compensation

The wood themselves will be compensated according to the following rates: bamboo, two times of the annual yield, major wood land, 10% of the actual wood value, tea garden, two times of the average annual yields from the previous three years and minor wood land, two times of the annual yields.

Collectively owned land compensation rate

The compensation rate of the acquisition of collectively owned land will be four times of the village's annual land yield from the previous four years. The Resettlement compensation will be two times of the two times of the average yield from the previous three years. The average yield of the previous three years in the region is RMB866/mu

Compensationfor other lands

The compensation rate for acquisition of other types of land will be two times of the average yield of cultivated land from the previous year, with no resettlement compensation. The annual average yield of the previous three years is RMB866/mu.

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Table 5-9-2-1 Land Compensation Rates Summary(unit:RMB/mu) No. Item Land Resettlement Young crop Wood Total compensation compensation compensation compensation Cultivated land Tongling 6928 3936 500 11364 Qingyang 6928 3409 500 10837 Shitat 6928 4707 500 12135 Huangshan 6928 4287 500 11715 Average 6928 3733 500 11161 2 Garden Orchard 5600 2400 600 8600 Mulberry 7000 3000 600 10600 3 Fish pond 4800 2400 7200 4 Wood land 0 Bamboo 2880 540 360 3780 Major 3600 270 180 4050 Tea garden 5250 2250 1500 9000 Minor 2520 108 72 2700 5 Construction 3464 1732 5196

site ______6 Others 1732 0 1732

Temporary land use compensation rates

According to the materials provided by the design institute, the TTH will use a certain amount of land temporarily for up to four years (the constr-uction period) including cultivated land, vegetable garden and woodland. The temporary land use compensation rates are RMB5964/mu for cultivated land, RMB6800/mu for vegetable garden and RMB2400/mu for woodland.

Compensation rates for houses and accessories

In order to determine the appropriate compensation standards so that the affected families can receive the compensation adequate for replacement of the houses lost, detailed investigation was conducted for the replacement value of houses in the affected area, including the different finishing and materials used. The compensation rates are then determined to be ranged from RMB220-280/m2 for brick and concrete buildings and RMB150-220/m2 for brick and wood buildings. the compensation rates for accessory facilities are based on relevant regulations of affected counties/districts. In addition, the following rates will be applied for compensation: o Land preparation costs for new houses, RMB I 500/household; o water and electricity supply facilities compensation fee: RMB300/household; o Transition fee and temporary living compensation: RMB 120/person; o Moving cost compensation: RMB300/household;

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* Moving costs for collectively owned enterprises: RMB I5/m2 of relocated buildings.

Scattered mature trees and tomb relocation compensation

Scattered matured trees to be cut by the project will be compensated according to their species. age and size. Based on the relevant policies of affected counties and districts, the compensation rates are listed in Table 5-9-2-2.

5-9-2-2 Project Affected Mature Tree Compensation Standards No. Item Unit Compensation rate Compensation Range I Fru--Lt With fruits RMB/tree 35 10-40 Without fruit RMB/tree 7 4-10 2 Other trees RMB/tree 10 4-15

The tomb relocation cost will be determined based on the number of coffins within the tombs: single coffin: RMB180 and double coffins: RMB240. For budgeting purposes, RMB240/tomb is used in this project.

Compensation to Business Interruption of Commercial Vendors

Since it is very difficult to obtain the accurate revenues from private commercial vendors, the business interruption loss will be estimated based on the area of buildings in which they operate. The compensation rate will be RMB20/m2.

Compensation of Production Loss of Industry

This Project will affect one wood processing mill which is a subsidiary of a construction company in Huangshan District. The production loss due to mill relocation will be compensated by RMB 100,000. The mill workshop relocation and moving costs will be compensated separately.

Compensation to Special Facility Relocation

The detailed relocation plan for affected specialty facilities have not be worked by relevant authorities. The RAP team estimated the compensation based on the actual amount of the facilities and unit cost for budgetary purpose (Table 5.9.2-3). The final compensation will be determined following APCD's consultation with relevant authorities in charge of these facilities.

Table 5.9.2-3 Com pensation to S ecialty Facilities Item Unit Compensation Rate (RMB) Overhead Communication Line KM 12000 Communication Cable KM 50000 11 OkV Power Line KM 12000 35kV Power Line KM 80000 10kV Power Line KM 50000 220/380V Power Line KM 25000

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5.9.3 Resettlement linstitutions and Resettlenient Locations

Resettlement Institutions

The institutional organizations responsible for resettlement and relocation in this Project include:

o Project Resettlement Leading Group o Project Resettlement Office o Relevant city resettlement leading groups o Relevant county/district resettlement groups o Relevant township resettlement leading groups o Village committees and villager groups o Project design institute o Independent external monitoring and evaluation groups

Staffing

In order for the resettlement in this project to proceed smoothly, all levels of the project management offices (PMOs) have assigned dedicated staff to handle resettlement. This will create an effective information transmission channels from the grass levels all the way up to the top provincial project management authority. Resettlement staffing consists of professional and administrative personnel with necessary technical and management skills as well as extensive local resettlement work experience. All counties and townships involved in the project have established resettlement organizations with dedicated professional staffing.

In addition, PMO from APCD will engage Transportation College of the Anhui University as the independent resettlement monitoring and evaluation organization. The college has a group of highly experienced specialists and technical staff. Many of them have involved in resettlement monitoring and evaluation work in the past World Bank financed expressway projects, including two who have attended World Bank sponsored training on resettlement monitoring and evaluation training with completion certificates.

Institutional Strengthening

The following measures will be taken to strengthen the institutional arrangement for resettlement management: o Staffing - resettlement organizations at all levels will consist of two groups, specialists and administrative staff. All staff assigned to these organizations will possess a certain levels of professional and/or management skills and experience. o Training - key staff in resettlement organizations of all levels will be trained for government resettlement regulations and World Bank policies. In addition, the working staff at the county and township levels will also be trained to increase their work and policy implementation skills.

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• Sufficient fund and facilities will be provided to the resettlement organizations • A resettlement data base will be established, in order to strengthen the information collection and analysis, effective communication from different levels of resettlement organizations as well as for the Resettlement Leading Group to decide on major issues as may be necessary * Strengthen the reporting and internal monitoring system in order to identify and resolve problems promptly. * Establish external monitoring and evaluation, as well as early-warning system.

Resettlement and Relocation Places

Residential areas

Resettlement management organizations will offer several places for affected households to select. The candidate resettlement places will have the following conditions:

* Belongs to the same community (if desired, within the same village) so that the affected people can easily adopt; * Possesses good sanitary, environmental conditions without apparent pollution and inconvenience to production and living. * Minimize the occupation of agricultural land, if not contradicting to the affected will. * The residents at the relocation places are willing to accept the resettlement and can get along well with the new comers; * Houses will utilize as much as possible the empty land and the procedures for construction of new will be centrally managed at the land administrative and planning authorities.

Specialty facilities

The affected specialty facilities include mainly power and communication facilities. For these facilities, the resettlement organizations will consult in detail with the power and communication authorities and then determine the replacement costs as the compensation standards. The resettlement will complete within short term ensure the minimum impacts to the users of these facilities along the alignment.

For low voltage power line and communication cables, the contractors will be responsible for the relocation at the time of construction with minimum effect to the construction work itself. For higher voltage (10 V or higher) power lines, the facility owners will relocate according to the relevant state technical standards.

Public buildings

Public buildings have the similar structural features as the private households in this area. When relocate, considerations will be given to the functions of the public buildings and convenience of the relocation places.

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Accessories

Accessories will be relocated and re-built by their owners, together with the relocating houses.

Restoration of road and water supply systems.

State and provincial roads will not be compensated

For other roads, appropriate compensation will be provided and the road maintenance authority will be responsible for restoration following the completion of the project

For roads not within the jurisdiction of the road authority, the contractors will be responsible for maintenance and traffic management during construction. When construction completes, appropriate compensation will be provided for restoration.

With regard to the irrigation system, the design team will consult closely with the local residents, agricultural and hydrology authorities during the design stage and restore to the maximum possible the functions of these systems while satisfying the expressway design at the same time.

During construction stage, temporary facilities may be built to ensure the agricultural and irrigation needs. lInformation Disclosure

Resettlement Offices will develop resettlement pamphlets for distribution, public meeting and public notices to disclose such information as scope of resettlement, compensation rates and compensation costs. The pamphlet will include the following information: o Project introduction o Resettlement policies and compensation standards o Affected people, scope, and compensation funds o The right and responsibility of the affected people o The address and hotline telephone numbers of the different lelves of the resettlement offices

5.9.4 Jlmpacts of the Resettlemeint

Housing conditions

As the compensation rate is based on the replacement cost and the re-built houses will be new, the housing conditions following the relocation is expected to improve.

Community Environment

The relocated places will have good sanitary environment, no pollution and convenient to living

176 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA based on the selection criteria for relocation places. The residents currently in these places are willing to accept the immigrants and to try to get along with them. Therefore, the community environment will be no at least no worse than the places they left behind.

Education

The relocated places are mostly within the same villages and as such the education conditions will not change.

Resettlement risks and mitigation

Risk 1- Mis-management of land and resettlement compensation funds Measure 1- strict procedures for compensation funds allocation, administration, monitoring and auditing will be established and followed. Resettlement organizations at the three levels of governments (provincial, city and county) as well as the independent monitoring and evaluation organization will conduct training of the staff from village levels and provide guidance to them on planning for the development and fund utilization. The village compensation fund utilization plans will be reviewed and approved by the county level resettlement office. Those without a fund utilization plan will not be allocated with the fund until such a plan is developed and approved. The provincial resettlement office will select randomly a village for monitoring and audit each year. In addition the independent monitoring organization will supervise the fund utilization status through investigation, site visits, interviews with the affected people, etc. This organization will also provide consultation with villages and report to the township and county level resettlement offices.

Risk 2-Affected residents are not satisfied with the relocation places Mitigation 2- According to site survey, on average each village will have less than seven households for relocation. All of them will be resettled within the same villages they are living now. The unsatisfactory places are unlikely to be an issue to the affected residents.

Risk 3- Those households which are small with primitive structures may not receive sufficient funds to re-build new houses Mitigation 3- disadvantaged households will receive the following assistance: fund from project proponent, labor for new house construction from villages, exemption of labor contribution to the village activities for the year, preference in selection of new house places and cultivated land re-distribution. The disadvantaged households may not participate in the village land re-distribution to minimize the impacts to their crops in the fields.

5.9.5 Costs and Budgets

The TTH Project resettlement and relocation budgets include the following items:

* Compensation to land acquisition; * Compensation to houses and accessory facilities;

177 Ii-

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* Compensation to infrastructure; * Moving costs and compensation to temporary housing during relocation; * Compensation to scattered mature trees; * Tomb relocation costs * Compensation to private commercial vendors for business interruption; * Compensation to production losses of manufacturing enterprises; * Supporting fees to the disadvantaged groups * Compensation to specialty facility relocation and/or re-construction; * Other compensation; * Basic contingency; and * Applicable taxes.

Based on the relevant regulations and policies, each of the above compensation costs are calculated using quantities from field surveys, compensation standards and unit costs. The total resettlement costs for the project are estimated to be RMB158.88 million, and a breakdown for this budgetary resettlement cost is presented in Table 5.9.5-1.

Table 5.9.5-1 Summary of Estimated Cost for Resettlement and Relocation No. Items Estimated Cost (RMB, 1000) Percentage (%) Land occupation 78,478 9 l Permanent 72,141.5 49.4 Temporary 6,346.4 Houses and accessories 19,914 2 Private 18.301.5 12.5 Collectively owned 1 612.5 3 Infrastructure 846 0 5 4 Moving costs 460.6 0.3 5 Compensation to scattered trees 135.7 0 1 6 Tomb moving cost 327 6 0.2 7 Business interruption 14 0.0 8 Loss in production compensation 100 0.1 9 Support to the disadvantaged 984 0 6 10 Specialty facility relocation 6,065.9 3 8 11 Other costs 8,778.4 5 5 12 Basiccontingency 11,611 4 7 3 13 Applicable taxes and fees 31,158 8 19 6 14 Total (excluding taxes) 127,725.5 15 Total (including taxes) 158,884 3 100

5.10 Safeguards Assurance and Compliance

There are 10 safeguards policies in the World Bank which could apply to a Bank financed project. The EA for the TTH includes an initial screening and, where triggered, full application of the safeguards policies. The following summarizes the safeguards issues for this Project.

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment - This is a Category A project and as such a full environmental assessment has been completed. This document, as well as an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EA Summary are prepared as a result of the EA.

178 ,. -- , - "I 1- -, 11I I I I I ,, , " " ." , 41, - . I I'll , ". ., . I I I I . " .1 . , I I 1 , 11 I , I 11 , I I "I I . I 11 I I , , I - I I 11 11 - "I Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

OP 4.04 Natural Habitats - According to the definition in Appendix A-i-a of OP4.04, all of Important Natural Habitat have been designated as Nature Reserve Zones in Wannan Region, as shown in Figure 5-2-1-1. This project will not cross any existing Nature Reserve Zone. According to the Section 4.3.1 of the report, this project will pass the peripheral area of Shilishan Nature Reserve (K151-K160), Huangshan Mountains (K173+500-K194+350) and the valley plain of Jiuhuashan Mountains which are the natural habitats as defined by Appendix A-i of OP4.04 (the general natural habitat). The current status of these habitats is discussed in Section 4.3.3.2 and Section 4.3.4.2. The potential impacts to be brought by the project are analyzed in section 5.2.1.2, 5.2.2.2, 5.2.3.3 and 5.2.4. And the mitigation measures are developed in Section 5.2.8.

OP 4.09 Pest Management - The forest pest problem is very serious in the project area, with some areas under stringent protective measures against pine nematode. However this project will not bring much pine nematode to this area. The plants for greening in this project are arbor tree, shrub, bamboo and grass. Pine trees are forbidden from the project. Therefore pine nematode disaster could not be triggered, and pesticide could not be widely applied. This project will not fully apply OP 4.09. However protective measures have been developed for implementation in the key areas (Huangshan Mountains). Section 5.2.2.4 has analyzed the impact and Section 5.2.8.1 proposed the protective measures.

OPN 11.03 (being converted to OP 4.11) Cultural Property - The Project has undertaken a cultural property survey and assessment under the EA to determine if any project sites have archeological, historical, religious, or unique natural values as required under the OPN. A cultural property survey and evaluation report has been prepared by a team of professional archeologists and cultural specialists. Section 4.8 presents the current status of cultural property, Section 5.7 discuss the impact, Section 5.73 proposes the protection measures which has been included in the EMP.

OD 4.20 (being converted to OP 4.10) Indigenous Peoples - The surveys during the EA and resettlement evaluation showed that there are no indigenous peoples with characteristics described in 0D4.20 Paragraph 5 among the project affected groups and residents.

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement - The project will involve significant land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of OP4.12. Section 5.9 summarizes the main findings and contents of the RAP.

OP 4.36 Forestry - The Project will cross artificial forest, natural secondary forest and bamboo grove. This project will occupy 3603.5 mu forestland. This project will not cross virgin forest, nor tropical rain forest. But commercial forestry center will be involved. In this report, Section 4.3.3 presents the current status of forestry, Section 5.2.2 analyze the potential impact, and Section 5.2.8 proposes mitigation measures.

OP 4.37 Safety of Dams - No dam construction or repair is included in the Project, thus no action on this issue is necessary.

179 Tongling-Tangkou Highway EIA

GP 7.50 ]International Waterways - There are no Project components that involve international waterways as defined under OP7.50, thus no further action is necessary.

01? 7.60 Disputed Area - The project is not located in any known disputed areas, so no further action is needed.

3BP 17.50 Public Disclosure - Anhui Provincial Transportation Bureau agrees to follow the Bank's disclosure requirements and disclose project documentation in-country and to the InfoShop of the World Bank. The Project EA documentation including EIA reports and EMPs which include proposed mitigation measures to the affected population, have been distributed to local (county) libraries and other venues with good public access as part of the in-country public disclosure. The availability of the EA reports has been announced in a local media, such as news paper and internet, distributed province wide.

180 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative

The analysis of alternative TTH alignments is prepared by the EA team following extensive consultation and discussion with staff from the Highway design unit and the resettlement team, information gathering and assessment, as well as extensive field investigation of all alternative and sub-altemative alignment sites. On this basis, this chapter analyzes and compares the different alternatives, focusing primarily on environmental and socio-economic factors. The recommended option has been jointly agreed with other project teams and the Project owner, APCD.

The analysis of alternatives has been done in two stages: Four alternative TTH corridors were first proposed, analyzed and compared. A preferred corridor altemative was then selected based the least overall environmental and socio-economic impacts. At the second stage, the five sub-alternatives i.e., five relatively short highway segments all within the preferred corridor alternative were identified and analyzed. The final TTH alignment, on which Project Highway is to be constructed, is selected among the sub-alternatives along the preferred corridor alternative based on the least overall environmental and socio-economic impacts.

6.1 Identification of Corridor Alternatives At the very early stage of the project planning and preparation, the project proponent APCD worked together with the design institute in selecting Highway corridors on the basis of preliminary site reconnaissance and review of available topography, geology, urban and village distribution, and other site conditions. As this is a complex, large liner infrastructure project going through different terrain and regions, numerous possibilities exist which could be used as the Highway alignment. In order to find the optimal corridor and eventually Highway alignment, several alternatives were first identified between APCD and the design team. The identification process has adopted the following principles:

* Compliance with the overall layout requirements of the national trunk highway network, as this Project is a key part of a national trunk highway, Tianjing to Shanwei Highway, as well as the middle section of the Hefei to Tongling Highway within the Anhui provincial highway network. * Appropriate connections with the local roads, in order to achieve the objective of improving transportation conditions and develop the local economy in the poverty region where the Project is located; * Reasonable distance where possible to the scenery sites in order to protect the tourism resources, while at the same time maintaining convenient connections with these scenery sites for better transportation services to the tourists; * Compliance with the topography and site conditions, in order to avoid unnecessary engineering work and elevated capital costs; * Diversion where possible from cultural and other environmentally sensitive sites; * Smooth alignments and minimizing excessive excavation, filling, and occupation of

181 Tongling-TangkOU Highway project EIA

agricultural and wood land; o Co-ordination with urban planning and demand for urban developments, "close but not into the city, distant but not separate from the city", in order to avoid severance of the urban areas and provide positive impacts to the urban development in the Project regions.

6.1.1 Description of Alternatives

Four corridor alternatives have been identified using the principles outlined above and then proposed by the design team for further detailed comparison based on analysis of engineering, environmental and social factors. In this EA, the alternatives 1, II and III have been analyzied in qualitative and quantitative terms while only qualitative discussion is carried out for alternative IV. The exact locations of the alternative corridors are shown in Figure 6.1.

Corridor alternative 1[

Alternative I starts from the end of Lutong Highway, crossing Panlong village and Hamaling, before intersecting with the planned Highway along river. It then extends southeast bound, crossing national highway S318, Yangtian and Dongpu, parallels roughly with national highway S103 before reaching Lingyang. Finally it crosses the Taiping lake, Heping, Gantang and Tanjiaqiao towns on by one before reaching the ending point at Shancha Village of Tangkou Town. The total length is 114.7 km.

Corridor alternative 11il

From starting point to Panlong Village, Alternative 11 is identical to the Alternative 1. It then crosses, in turn, Qingyang City, S318, Niujiaqiao Reservoir, Lingyang Town and Caojiawan, before reaching the ending point at Shancha. The total length is 111.25 km, 3.45 km shorter than Alternative 1.

Corridor alternative 11111

From the starting point to Yangtian, Alternative III is identical to the Alternative 1. From Yangtian, it extends to southeast bound through Houan, Xinfeng, Taiping Lake and Yangchun before reaching Gantang. Then it runs along the same Section As Alternative I to the ending point. The total length is 108.95 km, 5.75 km shorter than Alternative 1.

Corridor alternative IV

From starting point to Taiping Lake, Alternative IV is identical to Alternative 1. Then it passes through Jiao Village, Wubei, Lantian before connecting with Tunxi-Jingdezhen Highway at Weiqiao. It does not cross Gantang Town and Tangkou Town, unlike Alternatives 1,11 and III. The total length is 143 kmn, much longer than each of the other three alternatives, described above.

182 Tonghng-Tangkou Highway project EIA

The alignments of alternative I, 11 and III are shown in Figure 6-1, and the Quantities of the three Works are presented in Table 6-1-1.

Table 6-1-1 Alternatives I nII Imand Cost Estimate Unit Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative 111 Length of road Km 114 7 111 25 108 95 House demolished m2 52110 65210 35285 Footprint Mu 9183 8942 7310 Fill yard Thousand 6637 7 6941 5 7088 6 Thousand Excavation 3 7441 6 9786.47 61810 5 Protection Hundred m3 7646 45 7409 32 3956 28 Pavement Thousand 1851 0 1633.81 1512 03 Bridge m/set 16917/58 22341/58 13200/40 Tunnel m/set 13915/21 15710/26 25970/36 Interchange set 6 8 5 Grade separation set 25 17 18 Culvert set 378 342 342 Pathway set 164 137 154 Over pass set I1 18 53 Soft base/length to km 5 4 8 42 0 2 be treated Total cost 10 thousand 507700 618603 562700

Cost per km 10 thousand 4696 3372 5371 2213 5164 7544 RMB 60 km in plain with slight 40 km in plain with slight 32 km in plain Terrain hills, the remaining 54.7 hills, the remaining 10 the remaining is configuration km is in the high hilly km is in the high hilly i the high hilly area area area

6.1.2 Environmental Comparison

Comparison of impact on the " Three Zones"

As described earlier, the Project regions have several national levels protective zones (the "three zones"). The following table compares the four alternatives with respect to their potential impacts to the "Three Zones"

183 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

Comparison of Impacts to "Three Zones" Name of the "Three Zones" Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative III Alternative IV Shibasuo Natural Reserve 2.5 km from the Cross the edge of Same with Same with Zone zone, no impact the zone bigger Altemative I Altemative I Jiuhuashan Mountains Scenic Site 5 km from the Cross the buffer Same with Same with (Jiuhuashan Mountains buffer zone zone Alternative I Altemative I National Forest Park) Cross the Cross the middle Taipin Lupstream of the Same with stream of the lake, Same with Taiping Lake Scenic Site lake, with span Altemative I with the span of I Altemative I of 220 m. km I km from the Close to the edge Shilishan Natural Reserve zone boundary, Same with of the buffer zone, Far away from the Zone and 4 km from Alternative I near the core zone the core zone. zone, bigger impact

Huangshan Mountains Scenic Close to the Sute edge of the site, Same with Same with Far away from the (Huangshan Mountas at nearest place Altemative I Altemative I site National Geology Park) only away

Huangshan Mountains Cross the Same with Same with National Forest Park Lushan Forestry Not cross the park Center Alterative I Not c

According to the above table, the impact to Huangshan Mountains scenic site by the Alternatives 1, 11 and III are basically the same. However, Alternative I will have smaller impact on other zones/sites compared with other Alternatives.

Ecosystem

In the following three tables, Altemative I is compared with Alternatives 11, III and IV, respectively, with regard to their potential impacts to ecological environment.

_Comparison of Alternative I and 11 on Ecological Impacts

Item Alternative I Alternative 11 Comparison ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~result Impact on natural Most of the land along the Directly destroy the vegetation cover Altemative I is vegetation road is farmland, minor in the Jiuhuashan Forest Park, better than impact on natural ecosystem impacting the natural landscape Altemative 11 Impact on natural Little impact on integrity of Impact on the forest ecosystem; Altematve I Is ecology and integrity ecosystem making the ecosystem fragments better than of ecosystem mI Alternative No plant in national There likely be a few wild plant protection list; protected at national level; Altemative I is Impact on wild life Tre Likelbevbir There are birds protected at national better than protectedaatanationalclevel, level, and likely be a few mammals Altemative II but no mammals protected at prtceatniollvl national level protected at national level

184 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

Comparison of Alternative I and III on Ecological Impacts

Item Alternative I Alternative III Comparison ______~resu lt Most of the land along the road is farmland The The natural vegetation cover area to Impact on natural vegetation cover areas to be be crossed by the project: 8 km at Altemative I Is vegetation crossed by the project are Yangtian Town, 16 7 km from the better than 4 1 km near Yangmei south of Xinfeng Town to the Altemative III Village, 0 3 km near northeast of Xinfeng Town Zitongkeng At Yangtian Town, and the section Impact on natural I of ecosystem In from the south of Xinfeng Town to Altemative I is ecology and Zitongkengntegrity will be Impacted the northeast of Xinfeng Town., better than of ecosystem making the forest ecosystem become Altemative Ill segments There Likely be a few plants A few plants in national protection protected at national levela lists, Altemative I is Impact on wild life The normal activoty area ol The northeast area of Shilishan better than Cervus n ppon Mountain is a best activity area of Altemative III Cervus nippon

Comparison of Alternative I and III on Ecological Impacts

Item Alternative I Alternative IV Comparison result The natural vegetation cover The natural vegetation cover area to Impact on natural area to be crossed by the be crossed by the project 8 km near Altemative I is vegetation project 8.3 km near Zitongkeng; the section south to Jiao better than Zitongkeng, 19.3 km section Village is covered by natural Altemative IV from Sankou to Shancha vegetation Integrity of ecosystem will be Impact on natural affected; there are existing All of the road sections are within ecology and road on the section from forest ecosystem, except 10 km btcmtier than integrity of iSankou to Shancha, the section north to Jiao Village is bthan grity of e cosystem only be farmland. Altemative IV affected at the area near Shancha A few plants under national A few wild plant communities under protection list, national protection list, Alterative I is Impact on wild life This section from Sankou to West side of Huangshan Mountains better than Shancha is the normal activity is the edge of the mammals activity bene IV area of Cervus nippon and area of Neofelis nebulosa, and the Alteratve IV Neofelis nebulosa best activity area of Cervus nippon I

The above tables indicate that that Alternative I is better than Alternatives II, III and IV in terms of potential impacts to natural vegetation, natural ecology and integrity of ecosystem. With regard to potential impacts to wild life, Alternative I is mildly better than Alternatives 11 and III but significantly better than Alternative IV. Clearly, from the ecological impacts perspective, Alternative I is the preferred corridor.

Acoustic environment

The road sections for Alternative I and 11 are all located in plain or mildly hilly areas where there are many sensitive receptors. There is a 40 km section of the Highway in parallel with the existing

185 I

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Map 6-2 Alignments of Sub-alternatives Tonglhng-Tangkou Highway project EIA road S103, along which mostly rural residential areas are located and impacted by the traffic noise from S103. Therefore, there will be increased noise from the Highway but the incremental increase in noise levels is expected to be limited, as the existing acoustic quality is poor.

Altemative III and IV will cross mostly mountainous region where is sparsely populated. Therefore there are few sensitive receptors on the alternative roads, but incremental increase in noise levels from the existing quiet mountainous region is expected to be high.

Although there are more sensitive receptors in Alternative I and II than Altemative III and IV, the magnitude of impact is relatively small. There is a marginal difference of noise impacts when Altemative I is compared with Alternative 11 or Alternative III is compared with Altemative IV.

Water quality

The rivers, lakes, and the width and cross section of the rivers within the four Altematives are shown in Table 6-1-2.

Table 6-1-2 Su ary of Rivers and Lakes to be crossed by the Project Number of Total width of Numbersof river Cross section of the river (m) The project will cross the river confluence with the lake Altemative1 8 1724 where the width of lake is narrow. Additionally the project Alternative 1 8 1724 will cross four rivers upstream of the lake, but are seasonal nvers. Altemative II 8 1804 Compared with Alternative 1, the project will cross less one river upstream of the lake, but one river downstream. The project will cross three rivers downstream of Taiping Alternative III 7 2612 Lake and the middle section of the lake where the lake surface is wide. Alternative IV 6 1516 Compared with Alternative I, the project will cross less two rivers upstream of the lake

According to the above table, Altemative IV will cross the least number of rivers and the least width of the lake surface compared with the other alternatives. As such, Alternative IV is considered to have the least impacts to surface water in both construction and operation phases when compared with other alternatives.

Alternative I and Alternative II will cross the same number of rivers. But the Alternative II will run through the edge of Niujiaqiao reservoir which is the drinking water resource and protective area. Furthermore, Alternative I will cross less width of water than Altemative II. Altemative III will cross the middle section of Taiping Lake where water body crossing is the largest compared with other altematives. Therefore Altemative III would cause most serious impact on water quality during both phases of construction and operation and would have the highest exposure of risks resulted from traffic accidents involving hazardous materials. Clearly, Altemative I would have the least impact on water quality compared with Altemative II and III.

186 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a 1 It I , '; ' " S1 ' *t,,,"-, I" , , , . .l "- I ~ -1I"~. IM0 '- I M- . a1 -t ", i>z", , , . -josA - 4, ""', tQI >, - Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

6.1.3 Social Environment

Comparison between Alternative I and Alternative II

The alignments, as well as the site topography and geology of Alternatives I and 11 are similar, except in the plain and light hilly region (Qingyang county) Alternative 11 is diverted toward the west. The two alternatives may be compared in terms of their potential impacts on the socio-environment as follows:

Main advantages ofAlternative I.

* Comply with Qingyang county urban planning and urban development requirements and utilize the land reserved for transportation; * Excellent conductivity with the local road network particularly G318 and S103; * Project site is relatively flat resulting in relatively lost construction cost; * Avoid the proposed Niuqiao reservoir site; and * Close to the existing roads which provide convenience for construction materials transportation during Highway construction and minimize the needs for temporary access roads.

Main disadvantagesofAlternative I

The alternative alignment is 3.45 km longer than Alternative Il; Within the Yangtian to Lingyang section, the proposed alignment would have more crosses with S103 thus higher inference to the traffic on the existing road.

Main advantages ofAlternative IT

Completely avoid the provincial road S103 and have no inference to the traffic on the existing road; * About 3.45 km shorter than Alternative 1.

Main disadvantages ofAlternative II

* Near the proposed Niuqiao reservoir site and as a result, there would be more channels and elevated road sections; Impacts to the reservoir during both construction and operation phases; * Topography is relatively more complex requiring higher capitals, especially the Longkou-Lishuling section where the capital cost would be RMB400 million for the 7 km section; * Higher amount of resettlement and relocation; * Interfere with urban planning of Qingyang county * Poor conductivity with G318 and S103 as well as the local road network; * Inconvenient transportation of construction materials as the alignment is farther away from

187 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

existing roads.

Comparison of Alternative I and IlI

As described earlier, Altemative III is relatively more straight and smooth, and thus, 7.25 km shorter than Alternative 1. However, the alignment sites go through complex hilly terrain with more tunnels, larger work quantity, resulting in higher capital costs and higher difficulties during construction. More specifically, Altemative I and Alternative III may be compared as follows:

Main advantages ofAlternative I. o As Altemative I is located within the same corridor with the S103 where there is high population density, abundant labor resources and relatively well developed economy. o Altemative I is closely connected with the existing local road network and connects directly with S103 via Lingyang interchange. As such it would help maintain the road network integrity and maximize the road network function. o Altemative I is located within the S103 corridor where it is relatively flat with wide vision for drivers and thus better traffic safety conditions. With regard to outings of the local residents, Altemative I is closer to many residential areas and crosses local roads repeatedly, causing inconvenience for residents in their outing.

Main disadvantages ofAliernative I o The alignment is not straight enough resulting in longer distance and higher operation costs o High disturbance to S103 during construction, as well as residents living near S103.

Main advantages ofAlternative III: o Straight alignment, resulting distance 7.25 km shorter than Altemative I and less resettlement work. o Away from S103 and thus no impacts during construction to the traffic on S103 as well as residents nearby.

Main disadvantages ofAlternative III o According to relevant tourism development plans, Taiping Lake will be developed into state level tourist site, with proposed development area involving the entire Taiping lake region. The Altemative III will pass through the center of the Taiping scenic area, dividing the Taiping Lake into two separate region and in-compliance with Taiping lake development plans. Clearly, this altemative would have significant negative impacts to the Taiping Lake. Although Altemative I also passes through Taiping lake but it the alignment would go through a very narrow site of the lake where there is no tourist spots and thus minimum impacts to the tourism development plans. o Altemative III goes through mountainous region with sparsely populated and limited

188 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

resources. Therefore, Alternative would benefit more people than Alternative 111, better utilize the local labor forces and more effectively promote the local economy. * Alternative III is far away from the existing roads without connections with any of the major roads, and thus less impact on improvement of regional road network. * Due to the complex terrain of the site for Alternative III and high difficulties, there would be high construction safety risk for this alternative. During the operation phase, the large amount of tunnels (longest one up to 6 km) would also create safety concerns for the traffic.

Comparison of Alternatives I with IV

Alternatives I and IV may be compared as follows:

Main advantages ofAlternative I

* Alternative I has about 50 km within Huangshan District with three interchanges connecting and shortening the distance between Huangshan and Taiping lake and thus improving the tourism conditions. As such, it will help significantly the development of tourism in the Huangshan-Taiping Lake area, as well as the local economy. * Furthermore, this alternative passes Gantang, Tanjiaqiao, and Shancha interchanges connecting some of the important townships with the Highway which will also benefit the local economic development. At present, the key road connecting Taiping Lake-Huangshan District -Huangshan Mountains Scenic Site is S103 and G205. However in many road sections, especially from Tanjiaqiao to Tangkou, the road condition is very bad. In the case of flooding, the road from Tunxi-Huangshan Mountains-Hefei is often cut off by landslides. Alternative I will significantly improve the transportation condition in Huangshan District, which will provide guaranteed transportation conditions for all seasons including the flood season. * Alternative I will shorten the transportation time for the tourists which will help attract more tourists by the improved transportation condition. * Alternative will well connect with the existing road network, including S103 and G205, improving local transportation conditions and help promote the local economic development.

Main disadvantagesofAlternative I

* The expected large increase in tourists volume by the implementation of Alternative I would increase significantly the environmental burden to the scenic site. If there is no effective management and mitigation system in place to cope with the increased tourist volumes, the Highway development could affect the environmental protection and sustainable development at the Huangshan mountain scenic site. * Alternative I will be close to the Huangshan Mountain scenic site. While this will provide convenience to the tourists to the scenic site, it is also will have the visual impacts and impacts to the scenic environment.

Main advantage ofAlternative IV

189 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

o Not to increase the tourist burden to the south gate area

Main disadvantages ofAlternative IV: o Alternative IV is far away from Huangshan District. There are few population settlements along this alignment. Therefore Alternative IV is not expected to bring transportation benefits to as many people as Alternative 1. o The attraction of tourists to the west gate area would result in a new round of development to the site currently on a virgin state and thus increased impacts to the natural resources. o Altemative IV is located on more complex terrain which will result in difficulties in construction and high capital cost. o Alternative IV is not connected with Huangshan and Taiping Lake and as such, cannot be the tourist corridor towards these scenic sites. o Altemative IV has no connection with the existing road network. As a result, its role in improving local transportation conditions and promoting the local economy will be limited.

6.1.4 Comparison Resu1lt

Based on the above comparison, with all factors considered, Alternative I is deemed to be the best option compared with other alternatives in terms of potential impacts to the natural and social environments. Alternative I is therefore selected as the preferred corridor alignment within which the Highway will be constructed. APCD has agreed with this recommended Alternative for the Project.

6.2 Anaiysis of Sub-aiternatives

As seen in the above section, Alternative I has been selected as the Highway alignment. Within this alignment corridor, additional options/sub-alternatives, which consist of short road sections diverted from the Alternative I alignment but still within the corridor, were proposed during project planning stage to reach the optimal final Highway route. To avoid confusion in the following discussion of comparison of sub-alternatives, sections on the current Altemative 1, as well as all the sections corresponding to sub-alternatives, are re-named Section A, while the sub-alternatives which are diverted from Alternative I (namely, Section A in their respective sections) are named Sections B, C, D, E and F.

Following the initial comparison and analysis and final selection of Alternative A, environmental management and mitigation measures have been designed and incorporated into the Highway design, such as provision of more pathways for wild animals, avoidance of natuzral reserve zones, compliance with the existing terrain to reduce the need for excavation and filling, minimization of farmland and forestland occupation, etc. Although EA team's suggestions have been incorporated into the design, some road sections are still not appropriate or optimal. As a result, eight short

190 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA alternative sections were proposed to address the inappropriate road sections which may not be improved by the mitigation measures. Among the eight alternative sections proposed, three had apparent major flaws and did not worth further analysis and comparison. The remaining of this chapter will focus on the comparison of other five sub-alternative sections, named as Sections B, C, D, E and F and their locations and relationship with Sub-Alternative I (Section A) as shown in Figure 6.2-1.

6.2.1 Section B (Shuiqiao Lake Section)

Section B is proposed to shorten the length of the bridge on Section A. Section B is from BK78+060.618 to K85+146. While the extra-large bridges will be shorter than Section A, the total length is 273 m longer than Section A. Section A differs from Section B in the configuration of their flyover over the railway and the locations of Shuiqiao Lake crossing. All other conditions for both sections remain the same.

6.2.1.1 Engineering comparison

Detailed engineering comparison is presented in Table 6-2-1-1.

Table 6-2-1-1 Comparison between Sections B and A Item Unit Section A Section B Milestone km 7 085 7 359 Permanent land occupation 436 16 496 66 Including: cultivated land/ mu 346 64/0 239 68/145 09 Forestland House demolition M2 5437 75 1492 Tunnel m/set 0 0 Extra-large bridge m/set 3138/4 2770/3 Large bridge m/set 0 335/2 Medium bridge ni/set 0 0 Small bridge m/set 23/2 10/1 Pathway set 3 17 Interchange set 0 0 Grade Separation set 0 0 Platform bridge set 2 4 Earthwork/stone work Thousand m3 301976/17957 387774/43086

6.2.1.2 Comparison of impacts on natural and social environments

Sensitive receptors and cost for environment mitigation

Based on field survey, there are six villages and one school along Section A, while there are five villages and one school on Section B. Table 6-2-1-2 shows the details

191 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

TabIle 6-2-1-2 Sensitive Receptors on Section B and Cost Estimate No. Name of receptor No. of pile Distance from the Standard Proposed noise mitigation Cost estimate No._ Name of receptor No. of pile _central line of the road measures (10 thousand RMB) Duchong BK78+130 West of the road, None ______-BK78+250 60-120m

2 Zhufan Zhangba BK78+920 East of the road, None ______~~~~~~-BK79+500 90-180 *l ______During operation phase, 2 dB excess of NRW type windows for natural BK84+ 100 Edge of the west of the standard in nighttime in short term, 4 dB ventilation and noise insulation 3 North of Panlong BK84+300 road, 40-100 m after and 7 dB excess of standard in nighttime will be installed for the 1 6 -l3K84+300 demolition in medium and long term respectively. bedrooms of 100 houses at the And excess in daytime in long term first row near the road During operation phase, 2 dB excess of NRW type windows for natural BK84+380 East of the road, 40-1 00 standard in nightime in short term, 4 dB ventilation and noise insulation 4 Panlong BK84+600 m and 7 dB excess of standard in nighttime will be installed for the 1 28 in medium and long term respectively bedrooms of 8 houses at the first And excess in daytime in long term row near the road 5 School of Panlong BK84+500 South of the road None _ During operation phase, 2 dB excess of NRW type windows for natural Cross, 50 mi after standard in nighuime in short term, 4 dB ventilation and noise insulation 6 Fengshu BK85+200 and 7 dB excess of standard in nighttime will be installed for the 0.48 demolition in medium and long term respectively bedrooms of 3 houses at the first

______And excess in daytime in long term row near the road

192 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

Impact on land occupation

Section B will occupy 60.5 mu land more than Section A, including 38 mu of cultivated land and forestland. Clearly, Section B will cause more impact on agricultural ecology and economy than Section A.

Impact on Shuiqiao Lake

Section A is in the east of Shuiqiao Lake, and three extra large bridge will be constructed to cross the lake (combined length is 1234 m). Section B is in the west of the lake and aligned under the mountains. Therefore the elevation of bridge is higher and the lake surface where the bridge is located is wide. The combined length is shorter than Section A. Section B is also higher above the lake water than Section A and thus less sensitive to flooding. Overall, Section A's impact to Shuiqiao lake is higher than Section B.

Construction Safety

Although the bridge length of Section B is shorter than Section A over Shuiqiao Lake, the single bridge is longer than Section A, resulting in difficult construction and higher possibility of safety issue in construction.

6.2.1.3 Result of Comparison

The overall comparison between Section B and Section A on impacts on environment, society and construction is summarized in Table 6-2-1-3.

Table 6-2-1-3 Comparison Result between Section B and Section A Item Unit Section A Section B Recommended section Sensitive Village 6/2 5/3 receptor School 1/1 1/0 10 B Natural Cost for noise control thousand 33 6 3 36 Environment RMB Land occupation mu 436 16 496 66 A Width of lake surface m 960 1560 B where the bridge is located m Social Demolition m2 5437 75 1492 B Environment Construction safety Low risk High risk A Note: "o/o" means "number of sensitive receptors/receptors where environmental standards have been exceeded".

Based on comparison on natural and social environments and engineering aspects, Section B is slightly better than Section A. However, as Section B has disadvantages with the project cost, operation cost and engineering conditions, both the EA and design teams select Section A as the better option for this section and the conclusion has been accepted by APCD.

193 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

6.2.2 Section C (Hamaliing Mountain Section)

Section C is proposed because the corresponding Section A has poor geological conditions and affected by S103. Section C is from K177+356-K182+220, and about 215 m longer than Section A. Both of the sections are in plain and close to each other. The overall environmental conditions are similar.

6.2.2.1 Engineeering Comparison

The engineering comparison of both sections is listed in Table 6-2-2-1.

Table 6-2-2-1 Com parison between Section C and Section A Item Unit Corresponding Section Section C A Milestone Km 8.254 8 223 Permanent land occupation Mu 520.73 552.75 Including Cultivated land 379.42/45.74 296 17/210 69 House demolition M2 3978 26 3361 15 Tunnel m/set 0 0 Extra-large bridge in/set 3580/3 3580/3 Large bridge in/set 0 349/2 Medium bridge m/set 0 72/1 Small bridge rn/set 33/3 30/3 Pathway Set 6 14 Interchange Set 0 0 Grade Separtion Set 0 I Platform bridge Set I I Earthwork/stone work Thousand m3 460513/83087 291496/32388

6.2.2.2 Comparison of impact on natural and social environments

Sensitive receptors and cost for environment protection

Based on field surveys, there are three villages on Section A and three villages and one school along Section C. Details are included in Table 6-2-2-2.

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Table 6-2-2-2 Sensitive Receptors and Cost Estimate of Section C Name of . Distance from the central Cost estimate No. Ne of No. of pile Dine of the cnal Standard excess Proposed noise mitigation measures (10 thousand receptor lIne of the road RMB) During operation phase, no excess of standard in nighttime in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and I Xiaowei BK85+670- East of road, short term, I dB and 3 dB noise insulation will be installed for the 112 BK85+830 30-120 m excess of standard in nighttime in bedrooms of 7 houses at the first row near the medium and long term road in medium term respectively During operation phase, 2 dB excess of standard in nighttime in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and

2 Zhaoling ~BK87+060~- BK87+060-Cross, short term, 4 dBdB and 7 dB NR~~~~noise tyewd insulation sfonaulvniainadwill be installed for the 2 Zhaoling BK87+120 30-40 X after demolition excess of standard in nighttime in bedrooms of 3 houses at the first row near the 0 48 medium and long term road respectively And excess in daytime in long term During operation phase, 2 2dB excess of standard in nighttime in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and BK87+200- short term, 5 2 dB3 and 6 4 dB noise insulation will be installed for the 3 Hamaling BK87+300 Cross, 40 after demolition excess of standard in nighttime in bedrooms of 5 houses at the first row near the 0 8 medium and long term road respectively. And excess in daytime in long term During operation phase, 6dB Primary excess of standard in nighttime in 4 School of BK89+550- East of road, 60 m short term, 9 dB and 13 dB Acoustic insulation plates would be installed at 30 Laoshan BK89+600 excess of standard in nighttime in BK89+500-BK89+650 or relocate the school Village medium and long term respectively

195 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

Impact on land occupation

Section C will occupy 552.75 mu of land, about 32 mu more than Section A, and thus higher land impacts than Section A.

Impact on Qixing River

Section A will cross Qixing river and its tributary with the combined width of water surface under the road of 210 m. While Section C is located downstream of Section A and the width of water surface is only 70 m. Therefore Section C will have less impact on Qixing River in both phases of construction and operation, as well as lower risks from traffic accidents involving hazardous materials spills and releases.

lImpact on S103

Section C will cross S103 twice, causing higher impact on S103 during the construction phase than Section A, which will not cross S103 at this section.

6.2.2.3 Comparison Result

The overall comparison between Section C and A of impacts on natural and social environments, are summarized in Table 6-2-2-3.

Table 6-2-2-3 Comparison Result between Section C and Section A Item Unit Alignment Section C Recommended _T ~~~~~Village- ~~~~~~~~section Sensitive | Vl_lage 3/3 3/3 receptor School 0 1/1 A Environment Cost for noise control 10 thousand 1.92 32.4 RMB Land occupation mu 520 73 552 75 A Impact on Qixing River large small C Society Construction safety No impact Large Impact A Impact on S103 No impact Large Impact A Note: " o/o " means " number of sensitive receptors/receptors of excess standard " .

Based on the above comparison, both the EA and design teams recommend that Section A be the preferred option for this section fo the Highway and this recommendation has been accepted by APCD.

6.2.3 Section D (Lingyang Section)

At this section of the alignment, Section A is zigzagged. Sub-alternative Section D is proposed to follow an alignment along the existing S103 so that it can be smoother. Section D is located between K124+18-K143+333 and the alignment is about 1777 m shorter than Section A.

196 Tonghng-Tangkou Highway project EIA

6.2.3.1 Engineering Comparison

The engineering details for both Sections A and D are presented in Table 6-2-3-1.

Table 6-2-3-1 EngineeringComarison between Section D and A Item Unit Section A Section D Milestone Km 19 214 17 437 Permanent land occupation Mu 1652 58 1358 77 Including: cultivated land/forestland 847 60/738 79 900 63/381 90 House demolition M2 8645 9985 8 Tunnel m/set 0 1503 5/2 Extra-large bridge m/set 165/1 0 Large bridge mn/set 1150/5 2290/8 Medium bridge m/set 0 184/4 Small bridge m/set 131/9 100/6 Pathway Set 31 37 Interchange Set I I Grade Separtion Set 0 1 Platform bridge Set 4 Earthwork/stone work Thousand m3 581710/1534607 569494/63277

6.2.3.2 Comparison of impact on natural and social environments

Sensitive receptors and cost for environment protection

Based on a field survey, there are 13 villages and one seniors home along Section A, while there are only seven villages on Section D. Details of the sensitive receptors along Section D are presented in Table 6-2-3-2.

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Table 6-2-3-2 Sensitive Receptors and Cost Estimate of Section D Distance from the Pooenismtgaon Cost estimate No. Name of receptor No. of pile central line of the Standard excess measturs (I0 thousand road mesrsRMB) Yuanqiao Group og BK 124+780- East of the road, None Fenliu Village BK124+920 30-120 m None 2 Shicun Group of BK125+400- West of the road, None Fenshi Village BK125+800 30-180 m None Shuihong Group of BK125+550- East of the road, Slight excess of standard in nighttime in long term Nopse mitigation measures are Fenshi Village BK 125+850 100-170 m during operation phase proposed, trace montoring will be enhance During operation phase, 2 dB excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural Wucun Group of BK 126+840- West of the road, nighttime inshort term, 4 dB and 7 dB excess of ventilation and nolse insulation Fenshi Village BK127+400 40-100m standard in nighttime in medium and long term will be installed for the 3.2 respectively. And excess in daytime In long term bedrooms of 20 houses at the first row near the road During operation phase, 2 dB cxccss of standard in NRW type windows for natural No 4 Group of BK131+850- 0 6 mnighttime in short term, 4 dB and 7 dB excess of ventilation and nofse Insulation Nangeng Village BK132+020 4060 m after standard in nighttime in medium and long term will be installed for the 0 64 demolition respectively And excess in daytime in long term. row near roadthe ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rownear the road During operation phase, 3 dB excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural 6 No 45Group of BK 132+150- East of the road, 30-90 nighttime in short term, 5 dB and 8 dB excess of ventilation and noise insulation Nangeng Village BK132+550 m standard in nighttime in medium and long term will be installed for the 3.2 respectively And excess in daytime in long term bedrooms of 20 houses at the first row near the road Zhoujia Village of BK135+700- West edge of the road, 7 chongjue BK 135+850 30-40 in after Within the acoustic shadow, no excess of standard demolition

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Impact on ecosystem

There are secondary broad-leaf forest and mixture of coniferous and broad-leaf forest on a 6 km section of the alignment near the valley of Jiuhuashan Mountains (K112-K143) The area is located at the edge of reserve zone for Cervus nippon where there are relatively abundant wild life resources. Section A will cross this area, cutting the ecologically sensitive area into two parts (detailed analysis in Section 5.2). In comparison, Section D will be located along S103, beyond the edge of the area and as such, Section D would not have significant impact on ecologically sensitive areas. In addition, Section D will include two tunnels in this area which also help protect the integrity of ecosystem in the area and minimize the disturbance to animal pathways. Therefore, Section D will have smaller impact on the ecology than Section A.

Impact on Taiping Lake scenic site

About 3 km of Section D will be constructed along the lakeshore which can be clearly seen from the Taiping Lake Scenic Site, resulting in significant visual impacts of the lake area. In comparison, Section A is far away from the lake and there is a high mountain between Section A and the lake. There is little visual impact on the scenic site of the Taiping lake from Section A.

Impact on land occupation

Section D will occupy 294 mu less land than Section A. However, Section D will occupy more cultivated land (about 54 mu more) compared with that occupied by Section A, although it will occupy less forestland than Section A. Overall, Section D will have higher impact on agriculture than Section A, while Section A will have higher impact on ecology and forestland than Section D.

Impact on water environment

Section D will cross Lingyang River 5 times, and 1.5 km road will be constructed adjacent to the river. Furthermore, Section D is near Taiping Lake. The long near-water construction site will be difficult to control and could be a source of pollutant to the surface water body. In comparison, Section A will cross Lingyang River twice, as well as the well field of Lingyang County water purification plant. However, the wells produce low volume of water and are thus easy to relocate.

Impact on S103

Section D will cross S103 twice and there is long section near S103. The disturbance to traffic and pedestrian safety on S103 will be a primary concern during the construction phase. While Section A will be along the east side of S103 and diverted further away from S103 beyond K130. Therefore Section A will have smaller impact on S 103 than Section D.

Impact on villages severance

Section D will cross S103 at DK125+100 and run along the west side of the highway. Most of the

199 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA villages on the other hand are located in the east side of S103. Therefore Section D will not cause much impact on village severance. In comparison, Section A is basically on the east side of S 103, and will run through Fenshi Village. As such Section A will result in severance impacts to the rural communities in this area.

Impact on cultural relics

There is one cultural relic site on Section D while two on Section A. However Section D is closer than Section A to the Dinasaur Egg Fossil Site which is of a high scientific value. The other site on Section A is Wenchangge Building, which is small and easy to protect. Therefore Section D is deemed to have higher impact on cultural relics than Section A.

Construction safety

Although Section D will cross S103 twice, it is easier to control a construction site far away from villages than those close to villages. In comparison, Section A will go through many villages, sometimes separate villagers from their farm land. As a result, it would have a higher safety concern at the Section A construction sites than Section D..

Comparison Result The comparison between Section D and Section A of impacts to natural and social environments are summarized in Table 6-2-3-3.

Table 6-2-3-3 Comparison Result between Section D and Section A P ~~~~~~~~~~R.ecommended Item Unit Alignment Section D section Sensitive VIllage No 13/2 7/3 receptor Rest home No 1/1 0 D Cost for noise control 10 thousand 41.92 7 04 Environment EnvironmentImpact on water quality ~~~RMB Small Large A Impact on ecology Large Small D Impact on landscape of Taiping Small Large A LakeSmlLagA Impact on agriculture Small Large A Construction safety Large Small D Impact on S103 Small Large A House demolition 8645 9985 8 A Separation and blocking effect Large Small D Impact on cultural relics 2 1 A Society Shitai county govemment agree Fenshi Comments of local government village D committee disagree some section design Recommended D option Note: " o/o " means " number of sensitive receptors/receptors of excess standard"

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The most significant difference between Section D and Section A is the impact on ecosystem. Section A will affect the integrity of an ecosystem where part of a wild life reserve is located, although the impact on wild life themselves is expected to be limited. The EA team believes Section D is a better choice than Section A in terms of potential environmental impacts, and has communicated its analysis results and the findings to the design team and APCD. However, the project proponent still insists on selecting Section A for economic, cost and geology reasons. The project proponent, APCD, agrees to take necessary mitigation measures proposed by the EA team to minimize the expected impacts (discussed in details in Section 5.2.8 of this report).

6.2.4 Section E (Gangtang Section)

As Section A is zigzagged, Section E is proposed to smooth the alignment. These corresponding Sections are located at K153+635-ZK173+157. Section E is about 956 m shorter than Section A.

6.2.4.1 Engineering Comparison

Engineering details are presented in Table 6-2-4-1.

Table 6-2-4-1 Comparison between Section E and Section A Item Unit Section A Section E Milestone Km 19 522 18 566 Permanent land 1593 26 1238 12 occupation Mu Including: cultivated 736 22/807.28 817 41/357 68 land/forestland House demolition m2 16986 7 8442 5 Tunnel m/set 2432/1 4173.5/2 Extra-large bridge m/set 550I1(-*OMVF) Large bridge m/set 2415/14 1355/6 Medium bridge m/set 215/3 358/6 Small bridge m/set 196/14 248/17 Pathway Set 11 (k 15 VL 6) 40 1 6 k 19 Interchange Set I I Grade Separation Set 0 1 Platform bridge Set 3 Earthwork/stone work Thousand m3 623400/1242322 3595/32353

6.2.4.2 Comparison of impact on natural and social environment

Sensitive receptors and cost for mitigation

Based on a field survey, there are six villages and one seniors home along Section A, while there are seven villages and one seniors home along Section D. Details of the sensitive receptors along Section E are included in Table 6-2-4-2.

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Table 6-2-4-2 Sensitive Receptors and Cost Estimate of Section E Cost Sensitive .. . Distance from the .. estimate No Sensitive Piling location Standard exceedance Proposed nose mitigation measures I receptor central line of the road (10,000 RM B) NRW type windows for natural ventilation and Hongmiao BK 160+450- Edge of the west of 2 dB nighttime (short term), 4-7 dB nighttime (medium noise insulation will be installed for the 0 8 Zhuangli Village BK 160+550 demolition and long terms) bedrooms of 5 houses at the first row near the _IZhuangil Village demolltion road 30-40 to the north of During operation phase, I dB excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and 2 Daijia Group of BK 162+300- road, nighttime in short term, 3 dB and 6 dB excess of noise insulation will be installed for the 0.96 Zhangjiageng BK162+400 60-180 to the south of standard in nighttime in medium and long term bedrooms of 6houses at the first row near the road respectively. And excess in daytime in long term. road During operation phase, I dB excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and 3 Xinwu of BK I 63+050-B North of road, 40m nighttime in short term, 3dB and 6 dB excess of noise insulation will be installed for the 0 64 ZHangjiageng K163+200 standard in nighttime in medium and long term bedrooms of 4 houses at the first row near the respectively And excess in daytime in long term. road During operation phase, no excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and 4 Bijia f Shizifa BK163+350-B South of road, 30-140 nighttime in short term, 2 dB and 5 dB excess of noise insulation will be installed for the 0 8 BiJiaof Shizifan K 163+460 m standard in nighttime in medium and long term bedrooms of 5 houses at the first row near respectively. And excess in daytime in long term the road During operation phase, I dB excess of standard in NRW type windows for natural ventilation and 5Yanglizhali of BKI 64+680-B North ofmroad, 30-80m nighttime in short term, 3 dB and 6 dB excess of noise insulation will be installed for the 1.76 5 aSHizifan K 164+940 North of road, 30-80 m standard in nighttime in medium and long term bedrooms of II houses at the first row near the respectively And excess in daytime in long term. road Xinjian village BK167+800-B North of road, 30-5O m 6 of Liulian K605 Notofra,350mNone __ Village K168+050 During operation phase, 5 0 dB, 8 1 dB and 9.8 dB Rest home of BKI7I+500 South ofroad, 80-l00 excess of standard in dayttime inshort, medium and Acoustic insulation paltes would be installed 7 sankou of BK171+500 S long term respectively And 5.3 dB, 7 7 dB and 11 0 at BK171+450-BK172+550, 3 m high The 40 Sankou Town m dB excess of standard in dayttime inshort, medium and noise level is expected decrease by 1.5 dB long term respectively North of road, 8 Bandengtou BK172+100 25N90 m none

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Impact on ecosystem

There are two tunnels on Section E, with combined length of 4174 m, including one tunnel over 3 km long. It is thought that Section E would not impact the integrity of ecosystem or disturb animals' activities. While Section A only has one tunnel of 2432 m in length. In comparison, Section A will have higher impact on ecosystem than Section E. In addition, Section A will pass through the valley when exited from the tunnel, impacting on the natural scenery in the area. As both sections will build tunnels in this section, the ecological impacts are expected to be mild.

Impact on Shilishan Mountains Reserve Zone

Section A is only 500 m from the boundary of Shilishan Mountains Reserve while Section E is about 3 km away. Although both Sections will not cause direct impact on the reserve zone, the explosion during construction and motor vehicle traffic during operation could affect the wild animals in the reserve. In comparison, Section A would have higher impact to the reserve than Section E.

Impact on water environment

Both Section A and Section E will cross Puxi River. Section E will cross the river at its upstream section, only 350 m from the water intake of Gantang Town, while Section A will cross the river downstream, with smaller impact on water quality than Section E.

Impact on Huangshan Mountain Scenic Site

As Section E is near the north gate of the scenic site, the tourist flow will be diverted to the north gate, help develop the north gate area. However Section E is so close to the scenic site that it can be seen clearly from the scenic area, thus results in significant visual impacts to Huangshan Mountain.

Impact on Land Occupation

Section E will occupy 355 mu less land than Section A, but 81 mu more cultivated land than Section A. In view of small cultivated land per capita in this area, Section E will have higher impact to agriculture and rural communities than Section A.

Impact on Gantang Town

Section E is located in the south of Huangshan District, separating Huangshan District from Huangshan Mountains as well as separating Huangshan District from its economic development area Such configuration does not comply with the District's development plan. In comparison, the Section A is located in a narrow area between Huangshan District and Menshan, does not separate the District with the development area.

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6.2.4.3 Comparison Result

The comparison between Section E and Section A of impacts on natural and social environments are summarized in Table 6-2-4-3.

Table 6-2-4-3 Cor parison Result between Section E and Section A Item Unit Alignment Section E section

Sensitive Villa e No 6 7 receptor home No. I IA Cost for noise 10 thousand 40 44 96 control RMB Land occupationMu Less More occupation Land occupation Mu occupation of A cultivated land of cultivated land Impact on ecology Large Small E Environment Impact on natural Large Small E landscape Impact on Puxi No water Water uptake A River uptake point point Impcat on Shilishan Impact on wild Mountains Reserve anils Little impact E Zone animals Impact on landscape of Huangshan No impact Some impact A Mountains House demolition 16986 7 8442.5 E Society Cultural relics 2 0 E Huangshan District Government Comments of local disagree, A government Huangshan Site management Committee disagree Note: " o/o" means "number of sensitive receptors/receptors of excess standard"

The most significant difference between Section E and Section A is the impact on the development of Huangshan District and the Huangshan Mountains scenic site. Based on the overall comparison from environmental, socio-economic and engineering aspects, as well as the opinions of the local governments, both the EA and design teams considered Section A as preferred section and this conclusion has been accepted by APCD.

6.2.5 Section F

In order to reduce the number of tunnels thus to reduce the cost, Section F is proposed. The corresponding Section A is located at K177+356-K182+220. Section F is 215 m longer than Section A. Both options are in similar environments, with slight difference on impact on Machuan River.

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6.2.5.1 Engineering Comparison

Engineering details are presented in Table 6-2-5-1.

Table 6-2- -1 Comparison between Section F and Section A Item Unit Section A Section F Milestone Km 4 865 5 080 Permanent land occupation Mu 293 76 329 79 House demolition m2 5776 75 3463 5 Tunnel m/set 758/1 Extra-large bridge m/set 0 614/1 Large bridge m/set 352/1 725/3 Medium bridge m/set 0 Small bridge m/set 81/4 20/2 Tunnel Set 4 9 Interchange Set 0 0 Earthwork/stonework Thousand m3 29470/265228 217690/22439

6.2.5.2 Comparison on impact on environment and society

Sensitive receptors and cost for mitigation

Based on a field survey, there are three villages along Section A, while there are two villages along Section D. Details are included in Table 6-2-5-2.

Table 6-2-5-2 Sensitive Receptors and Cost Estimate of Section Cost No.Name of No. of pile Distance from Proposed noise estimate No. receptor No. of pile the central line of Standard excess mitigation measures (10 receptor the road thousand RMB) None standard NRW typc windows for excess in short and natural ventilation and BK179+100-B Cross the edge, medium term noise insulation will be I Changyuan K179+300 30-40 m after during operation installed for the 1.12 demolition phase, 3 dB excess bedrooms of 7 houses at of standard in long the first row near the ______term . road BK181+450-B Cross the edge, 2 Wangling BK181+4500B 40mafter None = K181+600 dem olition ______

Impact on land occupation

Section F will occupy 36 mu more land than Section A, and higher impact to land uses than Section A.

Impact on Machuan River

Section F will cross Machuan River twice and run mostly along the river. While Section A will be aligned through mountains and far way from Machuan River. Therefore, in both construciton and

205 Tongling-Tangkou Highway project EIA

operation phases, Section F will have higher impacts on Machuan River.

Construction safety

There is one more tunnel on Section A than Section F, which is 758 m long. While Section F has one more bridge than Section A which is 614 m long. In construction, tunnel is difficult to construct than bridge and will cause more environmental impacts. Furthermore, safety risk is higher tunnel construction and operation than bridges.

6.2.5.3 Comparison Result

The comprehensive comparison between Section F and Section A on impacts on environment, society and construction has been discussed in Table 6-2-5-3.

Table 6-2-5-3 Cor arison Result between Section F and Section A ltem Unit Section A Section F Recommended ______~~~~~~~~section EnvironmentEnvronent Sensitivercpo|No2F Village No 32 ______receptor F Cost for noise 10 thousand 2.88 1.12 control RMB Land occupation Mu 293.76 329 79 A Will cross the Impact on Machuan Does not cross cror the River the river for two A River the river ~~~~rivertimes Society Construction safety F House demolition m2 5776.75 3463.5 F Note: " o/o " means " number of sensitive receptors/receptors of excess standard " .

Based on comparison on environmental, socio-economic and engineering aspects, the EA team considers Section A is the better choice. This conclusion has been accepted by APCD.

6.2.6 Comparison between this IProject and "SI03" Upgrading Plroject

About 20 km section of the Highway, from Yangtian (K 10) to Lingyang (K130), will be built adjacent to exiting provincial highway S103. For the convenience of discussion and comparison, the road section on S103 which corresponding to the parallel Highway is called Section G and upgrading of Section G to the Highway grade can be another option. The difference between Section G and Section A is: o Section G upgrading will occupy the only road in this area, which will result in difficult access to transportation during construction by local people. More seriously, the upgrading will result the existing road which is accessible to local residents will become a fully fenced with only limited and controlled access. The residents in this 20 km section would not have an effective means for transportation to outside as there is no adequate access in this region and the Highway is off the limit to many agricultural vehicles. o On the both sides of Section G population is densely located. Upgrading involving road

206 Tonglng-Tangkou Highway project EIA

widening would cause more house demolition and resettlement than Section A which is to be built on a carefully selected alignment, far away from most rural redential areas. . In addition, most of the people near Section G are working for service sector and getting high income. The house demolition and resettlement will cause significant impact on the people in terms of life quality. * Section G (an old road upgrading) will occupy less land than Section A (green field project). . * Section G will not deteriorate significantly the rural communities and/or wild life habitats. However, the Highway will cause more severe impact on taking effect than normal road. Section G and Section A will cause impact at similar magnitude to the wild animals in Jiuhuashan Mountains. * Section G will involve less excavation and spare waste transportation and disposal. It will also have less impacts to the scenic site..

In summary, there are pros and cons in both options. However Section G will have higher impacts on community severance and disturbance to the local residents through their sole transportation road to the outside. Therefore Section A is considered to be preferred option.

6.2.7 With and Without Project Analysis

The existing highway S103 is the only transportation road between Tongling and Tangkou. However the poor road conditions, such as uncontrolled road occupation, mixing traffic of motor, non-motor and animal driven vehicles, and outdated service facilities, this road cannot provide sufficient means for local transportation demand. The comparison of with and without project scenarios is discussed in Table 6-2-7, which clearly demonstrate the urgent need of the Project.

Table 6-2-7 With and Without p oject Scenario Analysis Factors Without project With project The regional ecosystem will be further broken, The area to be affected is rich of impacting partially the bio-diversity But could bio-diversity, some sections are under not make some species extinct Some activity Ecosystem natural condition The landscape is area of wild animals would be affected, but the beautiful habitat would not be affected The beautiful natural landscape will be affected Most rural areas are quiet and have a good acoustic environment However, The increased traffic flow will cause new noise the primary road of 103 have been traffic However the project will attract the traffic flow Noise and air saturated or near saturated, whose mixed from other roads, alleviating the noise impact traffic volumes The air quality in the on the people near these roads affected area is good and clean The nch tourism resource has not been developed due to lack of fund. The Although the available cultivated land will be Land occupation economic growth is very slow which is reduced, the first and secondary industries could solely dependent on forestry and be promoted by the compensation fund agriculture Slow goods and product flow due to poor The local products are easy to be transported to transportation condition, resulting in Quality of life slow economic growth and improvement income of quality of life Shortened transportation time will encourage Socio-economy torion tourism, service industry and transportation tourism. sco sector

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S103 will cross population settlements The road will be enclosed with good supporting Safety where is lack of protective facilities, facilities. The traffic accident will be lowered increasing the traffic accidents. Land occupation and resettlement will Land occupation and resettlement will impact Environmental not take place the people issues Earth movement work will not take Lmpact on place, no impact on landscape and soil iardecartm nt worse willeimon. ersoerosion landscape and cause soil erosion. Blocking effect The communication of villagers is free Road blocking will impact on local people. from road blocking S103 is the only way in Huangshan district leading outside. The traffic on Sufficient flooding consideration has been taken Flooding control this road Is always interrupted due to into design. The traffic on this road would not poor road condition. This road is particularly vulnerable to flood and landslide.

6D3 Conclusions of Analysis of Alteirnlatives

The following are the main conclusions of the analysis of alternatives:

o Based on the above analysis, the advantage of "with project" scenario is superior than "without project". The increased environmental impacts associated with the "with project" scenario can be mitigated to acceptable levels. o Based on the analysis of alternative Highway alignment corridors, Alternative I has the overall least environmental and socioeconomic impacts and thus is the preferred alternative alignment. . o Based on the analysis of sub-alternative road sections with the Alignment 1, Section A is preferred in all sub-alternatives, except Section D based on environmental considerations and least environmental impacts. However, Section A is still selected over Section D due to other considerations from the APCD, who is willing to adopt all necessary mitigation measures demanded by the EA team to offset the higher impacts associated with Section D.

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Chapter 7 Environmental Management Plan

7.1 Anhui Highway I

The TTH is the second highway project in Anhui province which is funded by World Bank loans. Hefei to Anyang (Hean) Highway is the first project, i.e., Anhui Highway 1, which is now completed and in trial operation. During the preparation, construction and current trial operation, substantial environmental studies, planning and mitigation work has been conducted under guidance of the SEPA, as well as the World Bank's policies and assistance from the local and World Bank specialists. Through a complete process of project preparation, design, construction and now operation, APCD and other relevant agencies and institutions in Anhui province have accumulated substantial experience with environmental planning and impact mitigation for highway construction. This previous experience with APCD who is also the project proponent, owner and operator of the TTH, will be capitalized in the TTH environmental management planning.

During the process of Anhui Highway I preparation and construction, environmental management organizations have been set up, which is presented in Table 7-1-1.

Table 7-1-1 Environmental Management Organizations in Anhui Highway I Phase Organization Staffing (No.) Responsibility Environmental regulatory and other organizations Design APCD PMO 2 Initiate EIA and SEPA mitigation planning Environmental Office/MOC Anhui EPB Construction APCD PMO 5 Implementing various APCD PMO, World Bank measures Contractors Site manager EAP implementation PMO Environmental Project Commanding Office personnel Supervision companies EPB Operation Operation 2 EAP implementation SEPA Anhui EPB, company World Bank

The environmental management system includes the following elements:

All contractors are requested to prepare and submit to APCD environmental protection plans within their construction organization design. The contractors are made liable for mitigation and compensation costs, where applicable, for any damages they made to the environment during construction activities. * According to the project EA recommendation, APCD engaged Anhui Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center to conduct periodical monitoring; * The Project Construction Commanding Office has an environmental team which, together with the site construction supervision companies conducted periodical supervision and included the mitigation measure implementation performance into the overall contractor evaluation system.

With the above environmental management system, the Anhui highway I construction has completed smoothly without major environmental incidents or major public complaints This project experience shows that the above environmental organizations and system are effective in highway construction and similar system will be adopted in this TTH project to ensure effective mitigation implementation and environmental performance in the construction and operation of the TTH.

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7.2 Organization of EnvironmentallM.anagement

Environmental management for the Project involves several central, provincial and local government agencies, provincial institutions, the expressway operating company, contractors and construction supervision companies. The organizational chart for environmental management presented in Figure 7-1 demonstrates the inter-relationships among the organizations involved. According to their functions and roles in this Project, the organizations involved in Project environmental management may be divided into two broad categories: management organizations and supervision organizations.

Management organizations

Table 7-1-1 lists the responsibilities for environmental management organizations (EMO) involved in this Project.

Table 7-1-1 Responsibilities for Environmental Managem ent Organizations Organizations Responsibility Remarks Review Coordinating management of environmental Environmental Protection work in communications sector Office of MOC Responsible for review of the TOR and EIA reports. Anhui Provincial Generally responsible for environmental protection Transportation Bureau work of the proposed Project. Develop plans for construction projects, Three environmental specialists Liaison with contractors and related departments in involved in the work Environmental Protection environmental work; Office of APTB Provide guidance to contractors in mitigation measures implementation, Organize for EA work Overall responsibility for environmental management Two full time environmental World Bank financed project in design and construction phases. specialists More to be recruit to office (WBFPMO) of APCD supervise the environmental monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures The proposed highway responsible for implementation & management of Two environmental specialists operaeting company environmental measures in operation phase Entrusting professionals for environmental work Highway Administration Environmental monitoring work in construction and Involved in Bank's other highway Bureau operation phases projects in Anhui

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Environmental Protection Office of MOnF World Bank SEPA Top supervision Environmental management and agency implementing agency in design and construction stage Environmental Protection Office of I p supervision for APTB (3environmental engineers) []Anhui EPB Tdaily work

Expressway World Bank financed Tongling EPB Supervision Administration Bureau (2 project office (WBFO) Chizhou EPB agency for adaily environmental engineers) of APTB Huangshan EPB work

Contractor Environment Tongling EPB supervisor team EA team monitoring Qingyang EPB (6people) (10 people) iinit Shitai EPB Huangshan EPB

Road agency Environmental management and implementing agency in operation phase Environmental management Environment supervision agency

Figure 7-1 Environment Management Organizations

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Supervision Agency

The duties of environmental supervision agencies are in Table 7-1-2.

Table 7-1-2 Main Responsibilities for Supervision Organizations Organizations Responsibility Remarks Overall responsibility for environmental protection of the The summit authority at the SEPA country, review and approval of project TORs, and EIA central government for reports, directing provincial EPBs to enforce laws and administration of national regulations environmental protection Project environmental supervision and administration, organization and coordinating of project environmental protection services, review of EA reports; supervision of implementation of EMP, check and acceptance of project Anhui EPB environmental protection facilities; enforce applicable laws, regulations and standards, directing environmental protection departments environmental protection management during project construction and operation phase. Followed the guidance from Anhui EPB, supervising County level EPBs of Tongling, contractors in carrying out environmental actions; Qingyang, Shitai and Huangshan EPB of Cities, enforcing applicable environmental protection laws and Counties & regulations, coordinating different departments in District environmental protection effort, check and supervision work of construction acceptance and operation of projects in their administrative area

7.3 Mitigation Paln

The mitigation measures to be taken are summarized in Table 7-2-1.

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Table 7-2-1 Impact Mitigation Measures Environmental Issue I Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible EnvironmentalIssue Mitigation Measures Organizations Organizations A. Design phase T hree general 4 alternatives and 5 sub alternatives have been evaluated from environmental, social and engineering Design team and EA World Bank financed I Alignment selection aspects, team project office ofAPTB a preferred alternative has been selected and agreed by Anhui P1TB and local governments. Minimization of occupation of good farmland and forestland, and waste land, scrub land, rainfed farmland are preferred Temporary land occupation will avoid forestland, particularly the secondary broad-leaf forest. 2 Ecosystem Roadbed will be treated to minimize occupation of good farmland Design team and EA World Bank financed The noise insulation facilities will be provided at the edge of forest where the project will pass by team project office of APTB One tunnel and three large bridges will be provided as pathways for large animal on the section from Shanghai T'V Studio Base to Shancha Plants and vegetation covers will be provided at the two sides of animal pathways Sound insulation windows, noise barriers, Design team and EA World Bank financed trees and vegetation planting, team project office of APTB for all sensitive receptors where noise is predicted to exceed the applicable standards. Sewage treatment facilities at I service stations, 2 parking zones and maintenance zones 4. Surface water Drainage systems for pavement and subgrade Design team and EA World Bank financed 4.lSur ter Ditches on both sides of the subgrade not to connect directly with fishery ponds and farmland Di team andjEAtWrl Bak ofiA pollution Runoff collection facilities on the road of bridge over Taiping Lake, Lingyang River, Yangxi River, Puxi River, and team project ofice of APTB Machuanjiang River 5 Air pollution Locate asphalt mixing stations and other emission sources 300 m leeward from residential areas Design team and EA World Bank financed team project office ofAP1TB 34 passes; 11 overpasses; 6 Road blocking/ 92 pedestrian pathways; Design team and EA World Bank financed Community 47 vehicle pathways; team project office of APTB severance 16 grade separation; The location and type of road crossings will be carefully design and selected, taking into account of the scattered households after resettlement 7 Tunnel Upper section of tunnel will be covered with vegetation to mitigate noise Design team and EA World Bank financed The entrance and exit of tunnel will be consistent with the surrounding natural landscape team prolect office of AP3B

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Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible ______O rganizationsaniztO rganig zationsn 8 ServiceZones The movement, shaoe, color of the service zones will be consistent with the surrounding natural alndscape. The Design team and EA World Bank financed 8 ServiceZones parking lots will be at the shelter side in the service zone, and screened with tall trees and vast grass team project office of APTB Low gradient slope will be used in deep ditch and the natural vegetation cover will be kept 9 Landscape The slope protection will be a mixed type of vegetation and concrete team project office of APTB

10 Bridge The bridge will be design in consistent with the surrounding landscape Design team and EA World Bank financed team project office of APTB The line shape of interchange will be consistent with the terrain, 11 Shancha The movement will reflect the local culture and consistent with Huangshan Mountains landscape; Design team and EA World Bank financed Interchange and toll Small polts of forest will be planted in the interchange area; team EA orld of aPTB station The supporting facilities (such as sign) will be consistent with landscape, team project office ofAPTB Besides the traffic signs, other sings for propaganda or advertisement will be banned. Catch basins and diversion in the draining system to prevent surface runoff from entering rivers. Design team and EA World Bank financed 12 Accident risk Railings on large bridges to prevent vehicles from falling down into rivers. Emergency telephone will be provided on bridge of Taiping lake and Shuigiao Lake. team project office of APTB The route avoids most of the tomb groups and relics and erects protection steles. World Bank financed 13 Culture rclics _ Excavate the Jieshiting Tome Group for salvage before construction, the excavate scope covers 3000 m2. Rehc department project office of APTB Interception and discharge ditches in borrow pits, disposal sites, deep cuts and other erosion sensitive sites Earth retaining walls at disposal sites, 14. Soil erosion Fixation of any potential landslides Use small slopes and pave the slope the slope surfaces Reclamation borrow pits and disposal sites through landscaping Careful selection of construction sites and avoid occupying forestland and other sensitive places; use land near the villages if possible; no camp sites will be allowed in Huangshan mountain and Taiping lake scenic sites 15 construction Construction camps will need to have sufficient pollution control facilities including septic tanks, solid camps/temporary waste collection and storage and oil and other hazardous materials storage facilities access roads Temporary access roads will use existing roads as much as possible, where new temporary roads must be built, they should be as close to the construction sites as possible and avoid going through the residential I areas. B. Construction Phase Training of construction workers flora and fauna protection World Bank financed 1. Conservation of Minimize damage where possible project office ofAPTB Eco-resources Always dispose waste or stockpile materials in designated sites Contractor Anhui Road ______Build settling ponds to intercept surface runoff Administration Bureau

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Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible Organizations Organizations Use earth and cloth fences to filter silt Landscape or restore to farmland for temporary land used Temporary protection such as grass mats used during torrential rains Keep top-soil (about 30-40 cm) and use it again for rehabilitation Plan work with consideration of weather Maintain good working conditions of the drainage systems on site Forbid night time construction (22.00-6 00) with noisy machines World Bank financed 2. Construction Noise Coordinate work hours as much as possible to avoid impacts to sensitive receptors such as schools and hospital Contractor project office ofAPTB Use temporary barriers if necessary to control noise at sensitive reports Anhui Road Maintain machinery and vehicles in good conditions Administration Bureau Place oils, asphalt and chemicals storage away from water bodies Cover with canvas stockpiles Use cofferdam technology in bridge construction Rebuild and repair damaged irrigation systems and fish ponds Ensure the rivers, canals, existing irrigation and draining system free from earth and stone clogging World Bank financed Build temporary irrigation canals where needed project office of APTB 3. Soil Erosion ! Ensure the bottom of culverts is lower by 2 cm to the pipeline they connect Contractor Anhui Road Irrigation System The well field of Lingyang County will be relocated to upstream 500 m Administration Bureau Construction camp will be banned from the place of Taiping Lake. Forbid direct discharge of sewage and garbage to water bodies directly Keep oils, asphalt and chemicals storage away from rivers, lake, fish ponds and drinking water wells Control and prevent spills Environmental education at construction camps Water on a dry day at least twice a day World Bank financed 4 Air/Dust Pollutioil Equip each contractor at least one water truck Contractor project office ofAPTB Cover powdering materials and water them as needed Anhui Road Cover truck loaded with earth, cement with canvas; Adrminstration Bureau If a large number of valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures, or other geographic or World Bank financed archeological relics are discovered under ground at one spot, the local related department will be notified projectoffice ofAPTB 5. Cultural Relics immediately The excavation will be stopped until authorized department identifies articles Contractor Anhui Road Borrow pit is forbidden from Huangshan Mountains area, to protect the glacial boulder Admiistration Bureau

6 Utilities service Provide temporary electric supply, telephone and other utilities to contractors and avoid disruption public utilities World Bank financed services Contractor project office of AlIT13 disruption Plan carefully of materials transportation t the sites to minimize disturbance of public traffic in NH316 and other Anhui Road

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Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures lImplementation Responsible Organizations Organizations roads in the Project area Administration Bureau Provide education to contractors for HIV and AIDS prevention World Bank financed 7SHealth The and Provide appropriate PPE to workers porojectto ficRofaPd 7.and The Health ~~~~Provide safety protection to the public at the construction sites Contractor AnhuctoficRofAd I Safety Provide safety warning signs and control the access of the construction and other safety hazard sites from the public Admiistration Bureau Handle very carefully explosives and explosion operations 8.Quarantme The pine wood from exotic market will be forbidden; Local forest treatment of pine Any construction wooden materials will be inspected by the local forest quarantine station prior to entering the site Locantineest Local Forestry Nureau nematode Maintain good housekeeping and sanitary conditions at the camps. World Bank financed Install scptic tanks if camps are not connected with municipal sewers project office of APTB 9. Construction Camp Collect garbage and dispose of it in designated sites Contractor Anhui Road Ensure the safety of drinking water Construction camp will be banned from landscape site, but could be located in the villages nearby Admiistration Bureau 10 temporary Dirt roads will be wetted and if necessary paved with straw sheet and bamboo sheet. access roads Some of the temporary can be used for rural roads after construction Provide environmental training to two employees including a senior manager from each contractor and construction World Bank financed World Bank financed I .Contractor supervision prior to construction project office of project office of APTB management Include all mitigation measures and other environment requirements in the bid documents and make sure they are APTB Anhui Road part of the contractual obligations EA team Administration Bureau C. Operation Phase Establish a leading team for hazardous materials transportation and spills control (already established and has been operation for other expressways in the province). I. Accident of T hree certificates issued by transportation department will be required for hazardous materials transportation. Road Administration Anhui Road hazardous articles Vehicles loaded with hazardous materials to be labeled Department Public Administration Bureau The police, transportation and fire-fighting departments to designate a special route hazardous materials Security Bureau transportation and parking Establish emergency response team for hazardous materials spills 2 Noise and Air Warning signs on expressway for horning bans and speed control Road Administration Anhui Road Pollution Respond to monitoring results which show higher noise and air emission than projected by Project EA Department Administration Bureau 3. pine nematode A quarantine station will be provided before interchange Local forestry bureau Provincial Forestry 3._ pineematoeLoclforstryureauBureau Information exchange and cooperation will be established with Wanan Wild Animal First-aid Center to enhance the Road Administration Provincial Forestry 4 Ecolofgy protection ecosystem emergency capacity building Department Bureau

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. . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ImplementationResponsible Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Organtation Rgspons Organizations Organizations The protection for the ecosystem core area will be enhanced, the human activity inthe area Provincial EPB Provincial People's Jiulongfeng-Wuxishan-Dahongling-Shitai-Laoshan will be controlled or reserve zones be set up Congress Inter-institutional cooperation between forestry, environment protection, transportation, hydrology and land agencies Provincial Provincial People's will be enhanced. Government Congress 5 Maintenance of .. Road Administration Anhui Road DrMaintenanesym Clean the drainage system periodically to maintain it in good working conditions Department Adminstration Bureau Drainage system __Deartmnt_Aminitraton_Brea Prohibit buildings within 50 m of the expressway and schools and hospitals within 200 m Local governemtns Local governemtns Management Chizxhou Govemment, Specific planning will be designed for environmental protection in context of dramaticaly increased tourists flow Committee for the Huangshan Government landscape site Preparation of development planning for shancha Village Bus stop will be forbidden in Shancha Village 6 Planning The service facilities (hotel, restaurant) will be controlled Villaer's Committee Huangshan District The affected people will be relocated far from the interchange of Shancha Village Government The material and movement of new houses in the village will be consistent with the landscape of Huangshan Mountians Uncontrolled development of spots for tourism attraction will be banned inTaiping lake and Huangshan Each town in liuangshan District Mountains sites, any development tourism will be consistent with planning and EA will be carried out. Huangshan District Government along the project . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Environemntal ~~~~~~AnhuiAnhui Road D Monitoring Monitor environmental impacts regularly M nitonenter AnisRo au 2Motoring Center 7Admistration Bureau

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7.4 Envinronmentall Supervisionn IPilan

Details see Table 7-4-1.

Table 7-4-1 Environmnental Su ervision Plan Stage Organization Content Objective Feasibility World Bank Review EA TOR Determine environmental feasibility study SEPA Review EA report Ensure EA content appropriate Anhui EPB Ensure key environmental issues covered Ensure effectiveness and reliability of mitigation measures Design/ SEPA Review EIA and EMP Ensure compliance with regulations and Construction Anhui EPB Supervise mitigation applicable standards Anhui Forest implementation Ensure environmental control cost Bureau Review monitoring report Protect the forest, wildlife habitats, scenic City and County Pest control review sites and ecosystems EPBs Supervise EMP implementation Ensure compliance with policies for And forest Supervise disease control resettlement and compensation Bureaus measures Prevent soil erosion Supervise construction safety Protect the safety of construction workers and the general public

Anhui Culture Supervise cultural relics Protect cultural relics Bureau evaluation & protection for chance finds Operation Anhui EPB Supervise EMP implementation Ensure compliance with applicable City/county Review and supervise regulations and standards EBPs monitoring program and Protect forest, wildlife habitats, scenic Anhui Forest monitoring reports sites, and ecosystems Bureau Enforce discharge standards Protect the safety of the public City/county Inspect hazardous materials Forest Bureaus transportation trucks

7.5 Environmentall Monitoring Plian

7.5.1 Objectives

Environmental monitoring is a critical part of the environmental management plan for the TTH, both for the construction and operation phases. The objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are to: o Verify the results of the Project EIA with regard to potential environmental impacts of the Project; o Determine the actual impact levels; o Verify the effectiveness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures; o Identify and assess the extent of any expected adverse impacts; and o Provide a basis for additional mitigation measures to address the expected impacts or impacts exceeded the original predicted levels by the Project EA.

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7.5.2 Responsible Institutions

Anhui Provincial Environmental Monitoring Station will be engaged to conduct the environmental monitoring program. The Monitoring Station, which is a subsidiary of the provincial EPB, has carried out environmental monitoring programs for the World Bank financed Anhui Highway I construction. As such the Station is very experienced with environmental monitoring requirements by SEPA and the World Bank, as well as well equipped with necessary equipment, instruments, special vehicles and more importantly experienced environmental monitoring and chemical analysis specialists. The proposed highway environmental monitoring will be provided by the Monitoring Station.

7.5.3 Monitoring Program

Anhui Provincial Environmental Monitoring Station will carry out the sampling, preservation, and analysis with the methods in accordance with relevant guidelines and standards issued by SEPA. The responsible organization for the monitoring program in design and construction phases will be the World Bank Financed Project Office of the Anhui Provincial Communications Department, which is the executing agency of the Project. The Anhui Highway Administration Bureau is responsible for monitoring in operation phase.

The monitoring program will cover noise, water quality, and ambient air quality and extend to both the construction and operation phases. Details of the program, including time, frequency, locations, and parameters are presented in Tables 7-5-1 to 7-5-3.

Table 7-5-1 Ambient A Quality Montoring Progra Phase Monitoring Sites Items Frequency Lasting time Sampling time TSP At least twice Construction Asphalt mixing stations asphalt per stationee Two days When operaron smog year

Unpaved roads TSP random Two days In construction Three According to Operation Taiping lake scec site, TNSOP Twice a year consecutive technical days specifications

Table 7-4-2 Environmental Noise Monitorin Plan Phase Monitoring Sites Items Frequency Lasting Sampling time time Dongdian Primary School, Flongshan One time in Primary School, Xinzhong Village the moming Construction Primary School, Shaji Township Rest Leq, A once/month One day and in the Home, Sankou Township Rest Home, night Wucun of Fenshi Village One time in 22 other sensitive receptors which will the tmoring Operation exceed standards in 2014 and 2022 Leq, A twice/year One day and inthg (see Table 5-3-4-1) night

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Table 7-4-3 Surface Water Monitoring Plan Phase Monitoring Sites Items Frequency Lasting time Sampling time Permangnate Construction Shuiqiao Lake, Qixing index once/month Two days Once per day River, Taiping Lake Ss Oil Wastewater treatment Permangnate Three Operation facilities inservice index once/month consecutive Once per day zone; Bridge site on SS days Taiping Lake Oil days

In addition to the formal monitoring by specialists from the professional monitoring institution which may be used as a legal records of environmental performance at the construction sites for compliance purposes, routine monitoring by contractors and construction supervision companies will be conducted on a daily basis. The monitoring parameters and methods will include: o Noise at all construction machine side and sensitive receptors, to be measured by potable noise meters; o Air bome dust at temporary access roads, stockpile of powering materials, disturbed soil, and hauling trucks, to be measured through visual observations; and o Water quality up and downstream of bridge construction sites, rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, lakes, and fish ponds which receiving discharges and surface runoff from the construction sites and construction camps, to be measured through visual observations.

One of the major lessons leamt from environmental management of other expressway projects which are also financed by the World Bank is that the contractors and construction supervision must also be held accountable for environmental performance and monitoring and such monitoring will be part of their contractual obligations. Therefore, the contractors and construction supervision companies will be requested to report their daily measurements and observations for environmental performance to WBFPMO on a monthly basis. They will be further requested to report immediately any unexpected environmental pollution or impacts so that WBFPMO and/or contractors can take appropriate actions to mitigate, including additional monitoring by the professional monitoring station. All these requirements will be included in the bid documents so that the contractor and construction supervision are aware of the requirements when they bid and meets the requirements during construction as part of the contract requirements. APCD and other environmental management and supervisory organizations can hold the contractors liable will they not comply with the monitoring requirements.

Dedicated staff from every civil work contractors and every construction supervision companies will be trained prior to the commencement of the construction to conduct the monitoring and reporting. WBFPMO and its consultants will review the monthly reports and will visit the sites to inspect the daily monitoring work. All the monitoring and reporting requirements will be included in the contractors and construction supervision companies bid documents and later in their contracts so that the requirements will be part of contractual obligations.

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7.5.4 Monitoring Reports

The results of the monitoring program will be included in formal written reports twice a year and submitted for review by WBFPMO (or provincial road administration bureau in the operation phase) and its consultants, SEPA, EPO of MOC, provincial EPB and the World Bank. These reports will be the basis for evaluation of site environmental performance and for developing additional mitigation measures for impacts exceeded applicable standards.

The monitoring reporting system is outlined in Figure 7-2.

Environment | SEPA l ~~~off of MOT |WBl

IEIPB |Anhui nvrnmnPBfceo

PMO (construction phase) Anhui Road Bureau ( operation

EPB Local, roadI a7ge nc y

X PEMS|

Figure 7-2 Monitoring Reporting Procedure

7.5.5 Estimated Monitoring Cost

The estimated cost for the monitoring program by PEMS in the construction phase is RMB 150,000/a X 4 years = RMB600,000 And the estimated cost in the operation phase is :RMB400,000X3 years=RMB 1,200,000. The operation phase monitoring will be conducted for the first years of the operation, to determine the environmental performance and verify the environmental impact prediction. Following the first three years, the monitoring program will be revised and may become less intensive depending on the results of the first three years operation.

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In addition, a contingency of RMB80,000 is planned for the construction phase for any unexpected need for additional monitoring work.

The cost for daily monitoring to be carried out by contractor and supervisor will be included in contract price.

7.6 PersonneRllTragiming

The success of environmental management for the Project relies on the knowledge, and experience of the personnel involved in environmental management. As contemporary methodologies and approach towards environmental management for expressway construction and operation are still relatively new to the Anhui agencies involved including the yet to be established hgihway operation company for operation, personnel training, both abroad and at home will be needed. The overseas training will take place at countries with well-established environmental management systems for capital projects and expressway operations. The domestic training will be conducted by environmental experts from universities, environmental institutions and professional consultants. The overseas training will also be regarded as training of the trainers and personnel who are involved in the overseas training will conduct training in domestic training program.

As a lesson learnt from the previous Bank financed projects, contractors and construction supervision must be involved in self monitoring Even though such monitoring may not be completely objective, it is nevertheless a permanent presence at the site, serves as a good reminder of the environmental requirements, and allows better supervision by the environmental management and supervision organizations. In order for contractors and supervision to conduct the monitoring, the personnel training must include a training of contractor and supervision staff and their senior management.

The details of the personnel training program is presented in Table 7-6-1.

Table7-6-1 Personnel Training Pro ram Location Phase Training contents Trainees Duration Time Cost (RMB) One each from Construction Environmental APCD, WBFPMO, 2003- Abroad Coperation management and highway operation One month 2005 262,000 policies company and Design Unit -Environmental laws and regulation -Cultural relics Two from each protection contractor and -Highway EIA and rv daos 2003 60000 EMP companies, five 4 Domestic Construction Daily monitoring totaling 50 Environmental supervision Two from APCD Environmental Highway 3 days 2007 30,000 emergency response Administration Bureau WBFPMO Total 74 person times 380 352,000 person-day

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7.7 Cost Estimate for Environmental Protection

The cost for mitigation measures, pollution control facilities and other environmental management measures are estimated. The cost includes one-off capital cost for mitigation and pollution control facilities and annual cost for implementing environmental monitoring and other actions. All these costs have been incorporated into the Project budget.

7.7.1 Investment for Environment Engineering

The one costs are presented in Table 7-7-1 and additional cost for operation environmental facilities is presented in Table 7-7-2.

Table 7-7-1 Cost Estimation of Environmental Protection Measures Items Subjects/Description Amount Cost Remarks (104 Yuan) EIA & environmental How conduct Project EA 1 130 Also including design and study How preparation of EMP.

Staff training Training for relevant - 35.2 ______personnel ______Implementation of Implementationof ~~~~~15X 104 RMB/a X 4 Monitoring plan monitoring programs for 4 years 60 years construction phase Contingency for

accidents during _ - 8 construction Environmental RMB I 500/man.month X supervisors 10 people 72 4 years construction and short . . ~~Sound insulation windows, _ 149.06 term mitigation Noise mitigation plantations, noise barriers measureson measures Sign for speed limit and 33n5 blow ban 3.5 Wastewater treatment 3 80 32t/d need investment of facilities RMB 500,000; 5t/d needs investment of RMB 150,000 Water-oil separator 2 70 5t/h need investment of RMB 350,000 Relocation of well field 1 2 Wate poEquipment and material of - 80 estimate Water pollution emergent response control Emergency equipment for 20 estimate oil pollution in construction phase Temporary septic tanks - 36 18 construction camps Strengthen guard rails 2582 m 129 Bridge surface runoff 5 bridges 200 collection system and holding tanks Preservation for Temporary retaining walls, ecosystem and soil draining ditches, settling 116 116 10,000 Yuan/km erosion basins and straw mats

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7.7.2 Annual Operation Cost for Environmental Equipment

During the operation phase, there will be costs for carrying out routine environmental work and this cost is estimated in Table 7-6-2.

Table 7-6-2 Yearly Operation Cost of the Equipme nt No. Items Cost (104 Yuan) Remarks l Monitoring cost in operation phase 40 2 Technical training cost 2.0 3 Chemical reagents, utilities 8 0 4 Maintenance, repair and renew of 20.0 Wastewater disposal environmental facilities facilities, etc . 5 Salary and labor payment 3.6 6 Maintain of the planting trees 20 0 Total 93.6 Total for 3 years I_280 8 1

In summary, the total cost for environmental management and pollution control for this Project is estimated to be RMB54.13 million. As the total cost for the Project is RMB4.499 billion, environmental protection costs will be 1.2% of the total.

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Chapter 8 Public Participation

The proposed Project will stimulate the local economy and enhance the poverty relief through the dramatic increase of the flow of people, goods and information. On the other hand, however, as in any large-scale infrastructure project, the Project will disturb the daily live of people along the route, including demolition and resettlement, road blocking, disturbance of agricultural activities etc. during the construction phase and noise, air emission, community severance, etc. during the operation. The Project proponent is highly concerned of the impacts to the public and the opinions of the public. During the Project development, the EA has widely consulted with the public through various means and this Chapter summarizes the public consultation process and public opinions on the Project.

8.1 Methodology

8.1.1 Timing

Two rounds of public consultation have been undertaken in an organized manner: * Following the completion of the draft TOR, the EA team conducted the first round of public participation, from April 5 to April 29, 2002, to introduce the project to the potentially affected public and seek their initial responses, their general concerns and their demands for detailed impacts analysis; * During the preparation of draft EA report. The second round of public participation was carried out from June 17, 2002 to July 5, 2002 to present results of impact assessment and the proposed mitigation measures to the public.

In addition, a dedicated hotline has been set up throughout the Project preparation period, for the stakeholders as well as the general public to express their concerns. The information received through the hotline has been recorded and incorporated in the EA and Project design process where appropriate.

8.1.2 Stakeholders The stakeholders which have been consulted during the public consultation process are:

* Non-government organizations (NGOs), including primarily local people's congress, political consultative committees and local associations; * People to be affected by the Project construction and operation, directly or indirectly, including those involved in land acquisition, house demolition and resettlement and others who live on the both sides of the proposed Highway as well as in areas to be indirectly impacted by the Project; and * Various relevant government agencies, local governments and administrative organizations (e.g., for the scenic zones) along the Project area.

225 Tonglng-Tangkou highway project EIA

8.1.3 Appiroach The approaches to public consultation include public meetings, site visits, questionnaire surveys, personal interviews, group discussion and opinion soliciting letters. o Public meeting: The EA team usually first informed the mayors of the villagers about the timing, location, content and who will participate in advance and in turn the mayors made necessary notices to the villagers one by one. o Personal interview and site visit: The EA team visited the villages affected and carry interviews with the affected villagers for their concerns and opinions. o Questionnaire surveys: To expend the coverage of public consultation, questionnaires were distributed among more villages along the proposed route. In addition, tourists to Huangshan Mountain scenic have also been distributed with questionnaires. o Letters have been sent to specific agencies and administrative organizations to solicit their opinions on the potential impacts of the Project within their jurisdictions and their suggestions for mitigation. o Government meetings: To meet with key government agencies such as Tourism Bureau and Forest Bureau, local governments whose jurisdictions covering the project area such as township governments, and administrative authorities for the scenic sites.

In total, there were total 6 public meetings, 18 group discussions, 60 personal interviews, 1687 copies of questionnaires. There were a total of 2348 people participated in the public consultation process.

8.2 Summary and Anallysis of iFindiungs from Public Participation

8.2.1 Summairy of findings firom public meetings

Six typical villages have been selected for public meetings, based on their locations (relatively evenly distributed along the alignment), size, and degree of potential impact. The detailed locations of these selected villages are shown in Figure 8-1.

In the public meetings, the relationship between the villages and the project, as well as potential impact were introduced in an easily understandable language. The villagers expressed their concerns as follows based on the drawings and information presented to them: l[mpact on agricultural cultivation and daily work: o The highway will cross water ponds (for example, the pond at Panlong Group at K84+100and the pond at Yuhe Village at K163+550). The ponds are the major water source for irrigation to these villages and thus, filling or severance of the ponds would affect agricultural cultivation. o A common concern (especially expressed in Xinzhong, Yuhe, Paixin and Fenshi Villages which will be divided by the highway significantly) is whether the locations of pedestrian and

226 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

agricultural vehicles pathways and culverts are properly located so that their outings and daily work would not be significantly affected.

Concerns on the alignment of the road: The villagers of Fenshi Village ask for redesign of the alignment section near their village because the original alignment would result in large occupation of cultivated land and house demolition. The villagers demanded the route be diverted to the west, passing through the hills behind the village.

Noise impact: * In general, the villagers believe the noise would not affect their daily life significantly. However, villages (e.g., Fenshi Village) which are located between the existing road and the proposed highway, noise is a concern and the villagers demanded effective noise mitigation measures.

Land acquisition and demolition: An overriding concern of the villagers is on land acquisition and house demolition. Villagers are widely concerned about insufficient compensation. The villagers further expressed their hope to appropriately schedule house demolition activities so that they won't occur during busy agricultural seasons.

Concerns in construction phase: * The villagers concern about the potential damage to the existing irrigation system and the wastewater which could be discharged to farmland. * The access to the existing roads in the project would be affected, particularly the project sites which intersect with the roads. * The construction activities particularly irresponsible construction activities would affect the villagers.

8.2.2 Summary of Questionnaire Survey

The questionnaires have been designed for a survey of the potentially affected people along the proposed route and for tourists of Huangshan Mountain respectively. In total, 1687 copies of the questionnaire have been distributed and 1684 completed copies returned, with a response rate of 99.8%.

Questionnaire for the affected people along the proposed route

A total of 1587 copies of questionnaire have been distributed to the affected people along the route. The gender ratio of the affected people received the questionnaire is 59:41 (male to female), the ages of the people surveyed is from 28-63, the average members of family is 3-5, the average cultivated land per capita is I mu (15 mu equal to I hectare), and the average annual income per people is ranged from RMB500-3000. The people are largely dependent on farming with the

227 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

major income sources from agricultural crops and tourism services. The summarized statistics for the people surveyed are as follows:

lTable B-2-1 Summary of the People Surve ed Total A e Gender Occu ation Education 40 >40 Male female farmer Worker Other Below Middle High College primary school school & above

No 1587 1195 392 839 748 1353 83 151 966 467 117 37 % 100 75 3 24 7 53 47 85 3 5 2 9 5 60 9 29 4 7 4 2.3

228 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

Table 8-2-2 Questionnaire for people along the proposed road No. Question % to the total people ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(I ) (2) (3) 9 l Are you satisfied with the current environmental quality 48 3 41 4 10 3 (I) very satisfied; (2) basically satisfied; (3) not satisfied 2 Are you aware the proposed highway to be constructed in this area? 138 862 (I ) Very clear; (2) Know something; (3) Don't know 9 3 Do you agree to this project 90 0 6 9 3.1 (I) Agree; (2) Disagree; (3) Don't know 4 Do you want the construction team rent the houses in your village? 59 7 40 3

_____(I) Yes; (2) No During the construction phase, which safety issues must be focused on9 5 (I) Explosion operation; (2 ) Children playing on road; (3 ) Speed of construction vehicle 58 4 58 8 42 7 9 6 WWill your income be affected during the construction phase : 33 9 45 5 37 9 (I) Financial income will increase; (2) Financial income will decrease; (3) not affected Do you think which aspect will be affected during the operation phase: 7 (I) Noise of vehicle; (2) Decrease of income due to land acquisition; (3 ) Can not cross 47 8 66 9 48 6 road any longer; 9 8 Do you think it is noisy when the project become operational 32 3 59 4 25 6 II1) very noisy; (2) a little bit noisy; (3) not noisy 323_594_256 If the platform bridge crossing the road Is hundreds meters from your residence, will it be 9 9 acceptable 55 4 44.6 (I ) Acceptable; (2) Unacceptable 10 Which way do you prefer to cross the road? 15.9 63 2 20.9 1(I) Platform bridge; (2) Underground passage; (3 ) No matter If the road is quite near to the school or hospital, what do you think9 11 ( I) The road would be far away from school or hospital; (2) relocate the school or hospital; 27 4 18 2 54 4 (3) Protective measures will be taken for school or hospital You are living in a good environment, what do you think about the project in terms of 9 12 environmental impact 26 3 51 9 21 8 (I) significant impact; (2) acceptable impact; (3) No impact 9 13 Are you aware of the policy for land acquisition, house demolition and resettlement 3 1 48 6 48 3 ( I ) well aware; (2) know something; (3) do not know 8 3 14 Will you follow the arrangement for land acquisition, demolition and resettlement? 51.7 48 3 I ) Yes; (2) Yes but with conditions; (3) No 51.7_48_3 For the land acquisition, what do you think9 15 (1) reasonable compensation; (2) Do not allow land acquisition; (3) reallocated the land 876 41 83 Multiple choice (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

229 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

16 During the operation phase, which is the most significant environmental impact on you9 6.9 27 6 17 2 48.3 __(I) airborne dust; (2) noise: (3) exhaust gas;- (4) others __. During the operation phase, you will not cross the road by your agricultural machine (tractor) 17 directly, which aspect will be affected9 282 263 ( I ) Children go to school: (2) Go to farmland; (3) communicate with relatives; (4) do 505 67.5 23.5 shopping; (5) other What do you prefer to take to mitigate or minimize polution9 18 ( I ) Road greening; (2) Noise insulation windows/wall; (3 ) house remote from road, (4) 75 9 17.2 3.1 44 8 other For the issue of house demolition, what do you want9 19 (I)Buildanewhouse; (2)Allocateahouseto me; (3)Do notwanttodcmolishthehouse; 54.1 9 6 11.9 36.8 (4) The new house will not be far way from the original place =______(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) During the construction phase, what issues will impact on your daily life? 20 I() equipment noise: (2) air-borne dust: (3) Safety issue; (4) soil erosion; (5) land 55.9 45.9 290 412 417 32.2 260 315 3.8 occupation; (6) trafficjamming; (7) influx of workers; (8) Increased employment opportunity; (9) other

230 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

According to the above tables, most of the surveyed people support this project (90%), with the consideration of significant economic and transportation benefits. Only 6.9% of the surveyed people do not support this project for deep concerns of potential adverse impact. In summary, this project is consistent with the interest of the majority of the people.

In terms of impact in the construction phase, the major concern of most people is about noise from construction equipment and air-borne dust. In addition 41% of the people think the potential soil erosion and temporary land occupation would significantly affect agricultural activities.

In terms of impact in the operation phase, nearly half of the people surveyed believe the most significant environmental impact will be vehicle noise. About 66.9% of the people think the land occupation would significantly reduce the agricultural yield, and; nearly 70% of the people think the road would affect their daily work and life.

For the proposed mitigation measures, most of the people (75.9%) think greening is the best way for environmental protection.

Statistics for survey on tourists of Huangshan Mountain

A total of 100 copies of questionnaires were randomly distributed to tourists in Huangshan Scenic site, with 80 to domestic tourists and 20 to foreign tourists. In total, 97 questionnaires have been returned. The statistics of the questionnaires findings are in Table 8-2-2.

231 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

lTable 8-2-2 Statistics for survey findings of tourists in huangshan Landscape Showplace No. Question (%) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) What do you think need to be improved for tourism of Huangshan? (cholse more If needed) 58.8 34.0 35 1 23.7 25 8 82 0 transportation; ( catering service; ghotel facilities; )Environmental facilities; 6Management of showplace; ______(other ( (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 By which transportation you arrived at Huangshan Scenic site? 59.8 10.3 29 9 _(Airplane-bus; (2)train-bus; glong haul bus; 3 Which route did you take to Huangshan Mountain? 17.5; 57.7; 7 2; 17 5 DHefei-Tongliig-Huangshan; ()Tunxi-Huangshan; ®lWuhu-Huangshan; @8Other (

4 Do you think it is easy to get in Huangshan Mountain 9 14 3 56.7 28.9 0Easy and quick; (Not easy; ONot easy and time consuming 5 Do you want to see a highway built to Huangshan Mountain 9 81.4 11.3 7 2

______0 Yes; (No: (X doesn't matter; 6 If you can see the highway under Huangshan Mountain, what will you think? 57 7 8 2 28.9 (D_Beautiful; OBad; ©harmful to Huangshan Mountain scenic view 7 Since Huangshan Mountain is a World Heritage site, if an highway is constructed under the mountain, will you think 34 0 66 it is harmful to the Huangshan scenic view? (!)yes; (©no; 8 What do you think about the relation between the proposed highway and Huangshan Mountain ecosystem? 10.3 28 9 59 8 OContradictory; ( No conflicting; (l)Harmonious after some measures being taken 9 What do you think is the priority, protection of Huangshan Mountain or Good transportation? 18 6 3 1 78 4 ___Protection of Huangshan mountain; _Good transportation; _ Both are equally important;

232 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

It is clear from the above table that 85.7% of the tourists think the transportation conditions leading to Huangshan is not good. 81.4% of the tourists want a road straight to Huangshan Mountain It Most tourists feel that the protection of Huanshan Mountain and good transportation is equally important., and both can be achieved if proper protective measures are taken. More than half of the tourists don't mind to see an highway winding through the mountain. Only 8.2% of the tourists think the highway would be detrimental to the overall landscape and scenic view.

8.2.3 Summary of site visit The project team has conducted personal interviews with various stakeholders during site visit, especially focusing on villagers, people to be resettled, teachers, rangers of natural reserve and showplaces. A total of 60 people were interviewed during this process:

I) Gao Changbao, a resident of Malong Group of Xinzhong Village, Hu Nansheng, from oujiachong of Yuhe Village, and Lin Naxin from Pingtang Group of Yangmei Village have expressed concern the effects of the highway to their outings. 2) Wu Lianggui, 60 years old, lonely old resident from Shangyuan Village and currently lives in a very poor condition, expressed concern about the difficulty of resettlement. 3) Zhu Changgen, 50 years old, living on land cultivation and forest. The proposed road will occupy most of his land, affecting his life significantly. He asked for redesign of the road that would cross his land via a fly-over, or minimize the land occupation. Otherwise, he hopes that the local government could allocate necessary production materials to him. 4) The teachers of Xinzhong Village and Dongpu Village are concerned about the noise from both phases of construction and operation which is likely affect the students. In addition, there is a potential risk to the safety of students since then proposed road is very close to school. They asks for scheduling of the construction activities during the school vacations. 5) Management staff from Jiuhuashan Scenic site has expressed a strong support to this project, on the ground that it would significantly promote the tourism and the natural landscape will not be impacted. 6) Management staff of Taiping Lake Scenic site also support the project, but recommends the mitigation measures be taken during the construction phase in order to minimize the impact on tourism. The proposed bridge would be designed based on the coordinated consideration with the existing bridge and the two bridge will become a new artificial landscape. 7) Management staff from Huangshan Showplace think the proposed project will promote tourism, but are still concerned about the proposed Shancha fly-over to accelerate the urbanization of Shancha Village and stimulate the unplanned development which would affect the peripheral landscape. 8) Zhang Yong, the director the protection station for Shilishan Natural Reserve, thinks the proposed highway would not affect the reserve, since it is far away from the reserve and cross the area via tunnel. But he recommends that the timing of explosion operation be scheduled to avoid the active time of wild animals (in dusk). 9) The rangers of Shibasuo Natural Reserve think the reserve would not be impacted since the proposed road is quite far away.

233 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

8.2.4 Summary of Consultation with Goverrnment Ageneies

In total, eight township govermnents, seven township People's Congress, one Tourist Bureau (Huanghua city), three Forest Bureaus (Tongling, Qingyang and Huangshan), two natural reserve administrative authorities, and three scenic site administrative authorities have been consulted as part of the public consultation process. The main approach with the government agencies consultation includes personnel interviews (with key management staff) and group discussion.

The main government concerns raised during the consultation process may be summarized as follows: o The project proponent will prepare sufficient funds for compensation of land acquired and resettlement; o The pathways will be reasonably located to minimize the impacts of community severance; o Concerned about soil erosion during construction in the raining season; o Wondering whether there will be local roads near the Highway to provide outing convenience and real benefit to local transportation o Hope to see more landscaping along the Highway; o Highway and bridge designs shall be harmonized with the surrounding environment, especially in the scenic areas; o Any occupation of forest land shall apply to forest authority first and go through appropriate review and appropriate procedures.

8.3 Co(nclusion of IPUblic IParticipation

From the public opinions collected by the project team, it is obvious that most of the people surveyed strongly support the project in context of the national interest as well as the local economic and transportation development. The people living along the proposed alignment do not seem to be overly concerned of the change of water, acoustic and air environment due to the project since the existing environment is very good and has the assimilative capacity. However the daily life of the people will be significantly affected through community severance. Therefore the location of the proposed under- and over passes will be critical in order to minimize the impact on the daily work, farmland irrigation and children going to school.

8.4 Response to Public Opinions

8.4.1 Responses to opinions arising from the public meetings and questionnaire

Land acquisition and resettlement:

A resettlement group has been mobilized by APCD for site visit and investigation in the villages involved in land acquisition and resettlement. The resettlement action plan (RAP) will be prepared based on the relevant national policy and local regulations and the local specific conditions. The concerns of adequate compensation to the affected, including the disadvantaged groups, will be

234 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

fully and appropriately addressed in the RAP.

Community severance:

There will be three interchanges, 156 grade separate pathways for vehicle or people and 12 pedestrian overpasses. On average, there will be a pathway across the highway every 680 m and each village will have 3.7 pathways. On the project drawings, a pathway on the major corridor of each village are included in the design. It is therefore expected that the daily life, outings and agricultural activities of villagers would not be affected significantly. The remotely located villagers, i.e., those who are not located in the major village sites may be more affected as most pathways are designed to be located close to the main bodies of the villages.

Farmland irrigation:

Care will be taken during to the design to avoid interruption to or disturbance of the hydraulic facilities along the road. There will be 95 bridges and 304 culverts along the highway to ensure the availability of water source for irrigation and drainage from the farmland. Any ponds occupied by the project, if cannot be avoided, will be replaced by constructing new ones with equal size and quantity of water supplies to minimize the impacts of the pond occupation.

Noise:

During the phase of construction, the noise construction activities would be scheduled to take place only during the day time not the night time.

During the phase of operation, a series of mitigation measures will be taken, such as greening, installation of acoustic insulation barriers and insulation windows. (for details please refer to Mitigation Measures against Acoustic Environmental Impact)

Issues in construction phase:

The implementation schedule will extend over four years. Therefore even the minor impact during the construction phase would become significant. The EA team has developed the following measures to the contractors: * The contractor will be requested to sign an environment safeguard contract at the same the main construction contract is signed. * The temporary road will be constructed in advance at the intersection with the existing roads. * The side ditch will be constructed to divert the wastewater from farmland nearby. * Construction activities will be scheduled in vacation time of school where the construction activity is close to school. The fencing around the construction site will be set up with warning signs.

8.4.2 Response to concerns from personal interview

235 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

o Additional pedestrian paths will be constructed at Malong Group and Pingtan Village. The house of Hu Nansheng, from Oujiachong village, which is located on the paths, will be demolished (already reached agreement with him) and relocated. o The old resident Jiangjia village will receive special care during the preparation of the resettlement plan. He will be arranged to move in a seniors house once it is built in the future. O Sufficient compensation will be delivered promptly according to the related policies. Farmland will be re-allocated under the coordination of the local governments. o Based upon noise forecast, the noise level at Xinzhong Village Primary School and Dongpu Primary School would exceed the limit by 5 dB(A). The mitigation measures have been designed including greening and increase of the height of school perimeter walls. Section 1.4.1 of this chapter includes the solutions to the noise and safety issues. o The mitigation measures developed in the sections for assessment of landscape and cultural heritage cover the response to the opinions from rangers of Huangshan mountain and Taiping lake scenic sites o The mitigation measures developed for the construction phase in the section for ecosystem assessment cover the response to the opinions for Shiliashan Natural Reserve.

8.5 1Record of puiblc participation

Public opinions Coverage of public participation:

A sizable public has been consulted during the consultation process. Table 8-5-1 provides a perspective of the consultation extent.

Table B-5-1 Extent of the public participation program Total along the Involved in Public % Involved in Public highway consultation participation Township 15 12 80% Village 48 32 67% Number of people 55,725 2348 4.2% Scenic sites and natural reserve 5 5 100%

Location of public participation:

See Figure 8-1

Record of public opinion:

See Appendix 10.

The public consultation programs may be summarized in Table 8.5-2.

236 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

Table 8-5-2 Summary of Public Consultation Substance By whom, with whom When Where Bank policy EA TOR, group By SSSRI (the EA team), April 13-26, Township govemment OP4 01 discussion, personnel with 8 township 2002 offices, school offices interviews govemnments, 7 local near the sites people's congress and 4 schools EA TOR, By SSSRI, with 2 nature April 23-27, Shibasui Nature reserve OP4 01 Interviews, public reserves and I scenic site 2002 office, Taiping lake meetings administrative office and Shilishan nature Reserve office Draft EA report By SSSRI, with 32 villages June 19-26, Village halls, rural OP4 01 Public meetings, and 2 senior houses 2002 residents homes, school on-site consultation, yards interviews and group discussion Draft EA report, By SSSRI, with 1684 End of June Villages along the OP4 01 using questionnaire potentially affected residents 2002 Highway and 97 randomly selected Huangshan Scenic site domestic and foreign tounsts

8.6 Information Disclosure

According to OP4.01, The project information will be disclosed to the public in a timely manner throughout the EA process. The EA team has complied with this requirement.

At the first round of public participation, project information has been distributed to the people along the proposed project, including the brief introduction of the project, concept for project development, and the proposed alignment (see the annex). Meanwhile, the potential impact has been presented to the people to be affected.

In addition, in order to distribute the project information to the broader public, the TOR documents have been placed in public libraries of Qingyang County, Huangshan District and Hefei City for easy access and review by the public. The project information also is presented through TV, radio broadcast and computer network (see Table 8-6-1 and the annex for more details).

In addition, the EA plans to further release the final draft of EA report and EMP in Anhui provincial public library in Hefei, the public libraries in the counties/district along the Highway and town/village halls in selected large townships and villages. Following the placement of these documents in these libraries, an advertisement will be place in major local newspapers again to inform the public of availability of these documents in these libraries/town halls for public access and review.

To obtain further public input, particularly to the incorporation of mitigation measures in the revised EA reports including those raised through public consultation, PMO has sent the final draft

237 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA report to Qingyang county library, Huangshan district library for public review. The period of report display is from November 30, 2002 to December 30, 2002. At the same time, the local public broadcast systems will announce the availability, location and time of display of the EA report in November 28-29, 2002. Considering the inconvenient access from some of the remote places, EA summary has sent to Panlong, Hongshan, Dongbao, Fenshi, Yangmei, Sankou and Shancha villages along the TTH, which includes the main conclusions of the impact assessment during construction and operation phases, as well as mitigation measures and environmental management plans.

Table 8-6-1 Public linforimation Disclosure Time Location Information Released Apr 11, 2002 Anhui Transportation Daily News Report of Tongling -Tangkou Highway Jun.20, 2002 Anhui Daily Public notice for information disclosure for Tongling -Tangkou Highway Jun 27, 2002 Anhui Market Daily News report on Tongling-Tangkou Highway constructed Jun 21, 2002 Website of APCD Information notice (www.ghjtt.ah.gov cn) Projcct briefing; Map of highway alignment Jun 19, 2002 Anhui Provincial Library TOR for EA for the Tongling -Tangkou Highway Jun. 18, 2002 Radio station of Huangshan Public notice for project information District

Jun.21, 2002 Library of Huangshan District TOR for EA for the Tongling -Tangkou Highway Jun.22, 2002 Net station of Qingyang County Public notice for information disclosure Transportation Bureau (www.ahoyjt.gov.cn) Jun 26, 2002 TV station of Qingyang County Public notice for information of project Jun 25, 2002 Library of Qingyang County TOR for EA for the Tongling -Tangkou Highway December 2002 Qingyang and Huangshan Final draft report libraries December 2002 Panlong, Hongshan, Dongbao, EA summary Fenshi, Yangmie, Sankou, and Shancha villages

238 Tongling-Tangkou highway project EIA

Chapter 9 Conclusions

9.1 Alignment Selection

The Tongling to Tangkou Highway (TTH) was first included in Anhui provincial highway construction plan in late 1990's. The TTH is an important north-south highway in Anhui, the key transportation corridor in Wannan (south Anhui), as well as a component in the national trunk road network. The TTH complies well with the master plan of the country in expressway construction and the general framework for Anhui Provincial highway network.

From Tongling to Huangshan Mountain or Tangkou (north to south), four different transportation corridors have been proposed and compared in the process to determine the optimal alignment alternative. Following a detailed comparison and analysis of environmental and socio-economic factors, the corridor which in most part goes within the same transportation corridor as the existing highway S103. The selection is made based on the major considerations on the ecosystem of the corridor area. As valley areas near S103 are relatively well built up with villages, townships and cultivated land, natural ecosystem has mostly altered. The additional of the TTH into this corridor is not likely to have significant impacts to the natural ecosystem. Furthermore, due to the relatively high population living in the same corridor, the TTH construction will benefit more people than the other corridor alternatives being evaluated. In summary, among the four alternatives, the preferred alternative has the least potential damage to the natural ecosystem, highest promotion for economic development and thus most reasonable and appropriate alignment.

9.2 Environmental Baseline The baseline environmental conditions and quality may be summarized and concluded as follows.

* The project impacted area enjoys in general a quality ecosystem. In part of the TTH alignment, there exists still well preserved natural ecosystem with abundant species of various lives. However, there is no state protected species within the environmental assessment (EA) covered areas or state protected wild life natural habitats during the EA's investigation. It is possible however, that some state protected wild life may appear in the EA covered areas. * Except a few villages which are affected by noise from S103, noise levels in most villages and schools along the proposed TTH alignment can meet the Category I standards in the Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards. The acoustic environment is therefore of a good quality in general. * The surface water quality along the TTH alignment is good, in compliance with Category 11 and Category III water quality standards in the Surface Water Quality. * The ambient air quality in the EA covered is good. In those sections near scenic sites have reached Class I standards and reminder sections can meet Class 11 standards in Environmental Air Quality Standards.

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o There are extremely abundant tourism resources along the TTH alignment, including the world renowned Huangshan Mountain scenic site, Buddhist holy mountain Jiuhuashan Mountain and Taiping Lake scenic site. o Following a field survey, seven cultural relics sites have been identified. After the alignment modifications, the TTH will by pass all but one cultural relics sits.

9.3 Environmental Impacts

9.3.1 Construction Phase limpacts and Mitigation Main potential environmental impacts and corresponding mitigation measures are: o Borrow pits and spoiled materials disposal sites could cause soil erosion. Temporary preventive measures including interception ditches, earth retaining walls, settling ponds, slope pavement, etc. will be taken to minimize the erosion. o Temporary facilities occupy lands and damage surface vegetation. This impact is however reversible and the site can be restored following well planned landscape at the end of the construction. o Explosion, machinery vibration and noise, construction vehicle noise and tailpipe emission will affect the birds and possibly other wild life. To mitigate the impacts, low noise machinery will be selected and noise and vibrating operations will be carefully scheduled and managed to reduce the impacts to the wild life to minimum. o The construction machinery noise at certain villages, schools and seniors houses which are very close to the construction sites and have no barriers in between will exceed applicable standards. The mitigation measures will include using low noise machinery, temporary noise barriers, appropriately locating noise machinery and properly scheduling noise construction activities. o With the use of effective mitigation measures such as settling ponds for surface runoff and septic tanks for wastewater from construction camps, surface water quality is not expected to be significantly affected by construction activities. o Air quality will be mainly affected by airborne dust and emissions from concrete mixing and asphalt plants. The mitigation measures will include watering dusting sites several times a day, using centralized mixing and asphalt plants which are carefully located and equipped with emission control facilities. o Construction activities will have significant impacts to traffic on S103 which is the main, and in most part, the sole transportation road linking the project area with outside. As mitigation, the contractors will be requested to avoid peak traffic time on S103. When intersection with S103 is to be constructed, contractors will be requested to consult the local traffic management authority first to appropriately arrange construction schedule as well as temporary construction site traffic plan. o Construction activities close to villages and schools will pose safety risks to local residents particularly children. Safety warning boards will be erected at key locations and education

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programs will be initiated during construction. Before any explosion operation, local residents will be noticed well in advance. The TTH will pass seven cultural relics sites which are of low cultural relics values, however. As a mitigation, all cultural relics sites will be undertaken protective exvation. The TTH construction may commence only after the protective excavation of cultural relics sites along the highway is complete. Contractors will be trained to handle any chance finds of ancient textile, coins, utensil, bricks, metals or other items are found during construction. The construction activities will halt and local cultural relics authority will be noticed. Construction may resume only after agreed by the cultural relics authority. * Due to the increased outside population for highway construction, certain epidemic diseases includes AIDS may pose a certain risk to local population. The minimize the risk, education programs will be launched for both the contractors and local residents. Construction will pose visual impacts to Huangshan Mountain and Taiping Lake scenic sites. As mitigation, heavy construction activities will be scheduled at the low tourist season to the extent possible. Construction camps and sites will be requested to use temporary fences/walls.

9.3.2 Operation Phase Impacts and Mitigation

Main potential impacts and their mitigation measures during the operation phase are:

Ecosystem impacts:

As most part of the highway will be built in areas with a long history of human activities, this project will mostly cause the existing ecosystem more fragmented. Part of the TTH (Yangmei village, Shilishan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain side) however will go through rather integrated ecosystem resulting in severance and fragmentation of these ecosystem. This project will not reduce bio-diversity through species extinction. The impact to bio-diversity is mainly fragmentation of ecosystem which possibly causes reduced activity area of certain wildlife species and possibly wildlife re-grouping. As mitigation, animal passage ways will be built in key locations to re-connect their activity area; but such impacts cannot be eliminated completely even with the mitigation measures.

Noise:

Operation of the TTH will deteriorate the noise environment along the highway. In several sensitive receptors, noise levels are projected to exceed applicable standards. As mitigation, brick walls for the rural houses, double glazed windows for schools and hospitals, landscaping, relocation, etc. will be implemented to reduce the noises to below the applicable standards.

Water:

Domestic wastewater from one service area and two car washing operation will be discharged only after the treatment during the highway operation. Car washing effluent will go through

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oil-water separators and sand filter before recycled for green irrigation. Sewage from service area will be subject to secondary (biological) treatment and meet the Class 11 standards in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards. Sewage at the car washing operations will first go through septic tank. The accumulated waste in the septic tanks will be removed periodically. With these measures, the impacts to water quality is not expected to be significant.

Tourism resources:

The potential impacts to tourism resources are both positive and negative. The TTH construction greatly improve the transportation conditions in the area which will boost local tourist industry. On the other hand however, the increased tourists will cause high pressure to the scenic sites, both in terms of their service capacity and pollution control capacity. Increased solid waste, wastewater, air emission from increased motor vehicle traffic, if not appropriately handled will cause environmental pollution. At the three major scenic site along the highway, a major environmental upgrading program funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is being implemented which will upgrade environmental control and waste disposal facilities in light of the upcoming increase in the tourist volumes to these sites. These additional waste management facilities will mitigate potential adverse impacts brought by the increased tourists to the minimum.

Visual impacts at the scenic sites:

There are abundant tourism resources in the project area with very beautiful scenes. The construction of the TTH will affect the view at the scenic sites. As a mitigation, the designers will be requested to site and design the highway so that it could harmonize to the maximum extent possible with its surrounding environment.

Local economy impacts:

Although the highway will occupy land, relocate houses and disturb the life of some of the local residents, the operation of the highway will greatly increase the transportation capacity of the region, reduce transportation time and increase efficiency, reduce traffic accidents, increase employment opportunities, improve investment environment, and speed up the movement of people, goods and information. All of these will help promote the development of local economy.

9.3.3 Public Consultation

Two rounds of public consultation have been conducted during project EA, one at the EA TOR stage and the other at the draft EA report stage. The public consultation covered directly affected local residents, local governments, non-government organizations and randomly selected tourists visiting Huangshan Mountaion at the time of consultation. The public consultation used effective methods including public meetings, questionnaire surveys, key personnel interviews and small group discussion. Important information, such as EA TOR, draft EA report, public consultation programs etc. have been released to the public through key local media.

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The public opinions have been overwhelmingly supportive to the construction of this highway, citing its important role in promote local economic development and tourism, as well as convenience to local farmers for movement of people and agricultural produces. The issues with the most concerns from the affected public include land occupation, resettlement compensation standards, community severance and disruption to irrigation systems, and how these issues can be mitigated.

9.3.4 Environmental Management

An environmental management plan has been developed to address environmental concerns and potential problems. Environmental management responsibilities have been clearly determined and assigned specifically to relevant government organizations, project proponent and other parties involved in the project construction and/or operation.

A detailed environmental monitoring plan is developed covering both the construction and operation phases. The monitoring plan is to confirm the results of environmental impacts assessment and identify new environmental issues and public concern in a prompt manner so that additional mitigation measures may be formulated to address these new issues. The monitoring plan will also to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures to be taken in construction and operation phases respectively.

The environmental management plan includes other components such as institutional strengthening, personnel training, reporting and response and environmental management and impacts mitigation budgeting.

9.4 General Conclusions

The proposed TTH will greatly improve the transportation conditions in the south Anhui areas, help promoting economic development and tourism in the regions, as well as service as a major component in the Anhui provincial and national highway network. The construction and operation of the TTH will bring certain adverse impacts to the natural and socio-economic environments. However, with appropriate mitigation measures and an effective environmental management plan, the adverse impacts can be avoided, reduced to the minimum levels or otherwise compensated. In general, the EA team considers the construction and operation of the TTH acceptable from the environmental perspective.

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