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Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin
Journal of chinese humanities 5 (2019) 124-148 brill.com/joch Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin Ge Zhaoguang 葛兆光 Professor of History, Fudan University, China [email protected] Abstract This article is not concerned with the history of aesthetics but, rather, is an exercise in intellectual history. “Illustrations of Tributary States” [Zhigong tu 職貢圖] as a type of art reveals a Chinese tradition of artistic representations of foreign emissaries paying tribute at the imperial court. This tradition is usually seen as going back to the “Illustrations of Tributary States,” painted by Emperor Yuan in the Liang dynasty 梁元帝 [r. 552-554] in the first half of the sixth century. This series of paintings not only had a lasting influence on aesthetic history but also gave rise to a highly distinctive intellectual tradition in the development of Chinese thought: images of foreign emis- saries were used to convey the Celestial Empire’s sense of pride and self-confidence, with representations of strange customs from foreign countries serving as a foil for the image of China as a radiant universal empire at the center of the world. The tra- dition of “Illustrations of Tributary States” was still very much alive during the time of the Song dynasty [960-1279], when China had to compete with equally powerful neighboring states, the empire’s territory had been significantly diminished, and the Chinese population had become ethnically more homogeneous. In this article, the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” [Wanfang zhigong tu 萬方職貢圖] attributed to Li Gonglin 李公麟 [ca. -
Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Mississippi Alluvial Plain Physical description This riverine ecoregion extends along the Mississippi River, south to the Gulf of Mexico. It is mostly a flat, broad floodplain with river terraces and levees providing the main elements of relief. Soils tend to be poorly drained, except for the areas of sandy soils. Locations with deep, fertile soils are sometimes extremely dense and poorly drained. The combination of flat terrain and poor drainage creates conditions suitable for wetlands. Bottomland deciduous forest vegetation covered the region before much of it was cleared for cultivation. Winters are mild and summers are hot. The wetlands of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain are an internationally important winter habitat for migratory waterfowl. The White River National Wildlife Refuge alone offers migration habitat to upwards of 10,000 Canada geese and 300,000 ducks every year. These large numbers account for one-third of the total found in Arkansas, and 10% of the waterfowl found in the Mississippi Flyway. At one time, wetlands were very abundant across the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. The decline in wetlands began several centuries ago when the first ditches were dug to drain extensive areas. Clearing bottomland hardwood forests for agriculture and other activities resulted in the loss of more than 70% of the original wetlands. Presently, most of the ecoregion is agricultural, cleared of natural vegetation and drained by a system of ditches. Dominant vegetation On the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, changes in elevation of only a few inches can result in great differences in soil saturation characteristics, and therefore the species of plants that thrive. -
China's Taizhou City As a Case Study
1 Is the trade of electronic waste sacrificing the environment for economic efficiency? China’s Taizhou City as a case study By Yejun Qian Abstract This paper provides key findings obtained through a field investigation in the booming site of electronic waste recycling (e-recycling) in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, and analyzes the entire cycle of the business focusing on its socioeconomic players and environmental impacts. The analysis demonstrates various risks associated with every point in the flow of electronic waste (e-waste) and manifests the complexity in resolving the problem. In addition, the paper includes a critical review of the roles of different players in the political arena of e-waste trading and recycling in an attempt to shed light on the resolution of the vast issue of global e-waste. Last but not least, the paper suggests a few alternatives, such as offering more incentives to develop “greener” technologies, that may ameliorate the situation in the short run and other policy measures required to achieve a longer term solution. Introduction Situated on the winding east coast of middle China, the Taizhou area enjoys a widespread fame for its beautiful natural scenery and the entrepreneurship of its people. Known as “the renowned mountain in the sea” for hundreds of years, this 9,411-square-kilometer land area encompasses more than ten national tourist sites, such as the Tiantai Mountain and the “Holy Residence,” and over a hundred provincial and local scenic spots. Moreover, it prides itself not only on being one of the main production bases of grain, fruit and fish in China, but also on serving as an important port of foreign trade with the outside world. -
How Geography "Mapped" East Asia, Part One: China by Craig Benjamin, Big History Project, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 01.26.17 Word Count 1,354 Level 1020L
How Geography "Mapped" East Asia, Part One: China By Craig Benjamin, Big History Project, adapted by Newsela staff on 01.26.17 Word Count 1,354 Level 1020L TOP: The Stalagmite Gang peaks at the East Sea area of Huangshan mountain in China. Photo by: Education Images/UIG via Getty Images MIDDLE: Crescent Moon Lake and oasis in the middle of the desert. Photo by: Tom Thai, Flickr. BOTTOM: Hukou Waterfall in the Yellow River. Photo by: Wikimedia The first in a two-part series In what ways did geography allow for the establishment of villages and towns — some of which grew into cities — in various regions of East Asia? What role did climate play in enabling powerful states and civilizations to appear in some areas while other locations remained better suited for a nomadic lifestyle? Let's begin to answer these questions with a story about floods in China. China's two great rivers — the Yangtze and the Yellow — have flooded regularly for as long as we can measure in the historical and geological record. Catastrophic floodwaters This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Nothing can compare, though, to the catastrophic floods of August 19, 1931. The Yangtze river rose an astonishing 53 feet above its normal level in just one day. It unleashed some of the most destructive floodwaters ever seen. The floods were caused by a "perfect storm" of conditions. Monsoon rains, heavy snowmelt, and unexpected rains pounded huge areas of southern China. All this water poured into the Yangtze. The river rose and burst its banks for hundreds of miles. -
(Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with Description of Female Genitalia and Taxonomic Notes
© Entomologica Fennica. 31 August 2016 Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female genitalia and taxonomic notes Guoxi Xue, Yufei Li, Zihao Liu, Meng Li & Yingdang Ren Xue, G. X., Li, Y.F., Liu, Z. H., Li, M. & Ren, Y.D. 2016: Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female geni- talia and taxonomic notes. — Entomol. Fennica 27: 70–76. For more than twenty years, Hainan, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia have been erroneously reported in Chinese literature as belonging to the distribution range of Onryza maga (Leech 1890). Based upon a careful survey of specimens and relevant literature, these regions are omitted from the known range of this species. Onryza maga maga is found from northeast Guizhou, south Henan and Qinling-Daba Mountains in Shaanxi of China, its oc- currence in Hunan is confirmed. The adults are redescribed and the variability of wing patterns is discussed. Female genitalia are illustrated and described for the first time. Some biological information and an updated distribution map of the species are provided. G. X. Xue & M. Li, School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China; Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Y. F. Li, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China Z. H. Liu, School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China Y. D. -
Ecoregions of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
92° 91° 90° 89° 88° Ecoregions of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain Cape Girardeau 73cc 72 io Ri Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of This level III and IV ecoregion map was compiled at a scale of 1:250,000 and depicts revisions and Literature Cited: PRINCIPAL AUTHORS: Shannen S. Chapman (Dynamac Corporation), Oh ver environmental resources; they are designed to serve as a spatial framework for the research, subdivisions of earlier level III ecoregions that were originally compiled at a smaller scale (USEPA Bailey, R.G., Avers, P.E., King, T., and McNab, W.H., eds., 1994, Omernik, J.M., 1987, Ecoregions of the conterminous United States (map Barbara A. Kleiss (USACE, ERDC -Waterways Experiment Station), James M. ILLINOIS assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. By recognizing 2003, Omernik, 1987). This poster is part of a collaborative effort primarily between USEPA Region Ecoregions and subregions of the United States (map) (supplementary supplement): Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 77, no. 1, Omernik, (USEPA, retired), Thomas L. Foti (Arkansas Natural Heritage p. 118-125, scale 1:7,500,000. 71 the spatial differences in the capacities and potentials of ecosystems, ecoregions stratify the VII, USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (Corvallis, Oregon), table of map unit descriptions compiled and edited by McNab, W.H., and Commission), and Elizabeth O. Murray (Arkansas Multi-Agency Wetland Bailey, R.G.): Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Planning Team). 37° environment by its probable response to disturbance (Bryce and others, 1999). -
"Road of Tang Poetry" in Eastern Zhejiang Province
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 676-680, June 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1106.11 A Study on Chinese-English Translation Standard of Landscape Public Signs Along the "Road of Tang Poetry" in Eastern Zhejiang Province Ning Zhao Zhejiang Yuexiu University, China Yong Wu Zhejiang Yuexiu University, China Abstract—Based on the development background of the "Road of Tang Poetry" in eastern Zhejiang, this paper discusses the influence of the non-standard Chinese-English translation of public signs along the "Road of Tang Poetry" on the development of the "Road of Tang Poetry," which to some extent hinders the acceptance and understanding of foreigners and affects the international dissemination of Chinese culture. Therefore, it is urgent to regulate the translation of public signs in scenic spots. This research studies the theory and practice of translating public signs from the perspective of translation norms discuss the problems existing in translating public signs in the vital scenic spots of "Road of Tang poetry" in eastern Zhejiang Province. This research also puts forward corresponding translation principles and strategies, hope that relevant developments can pay attention to and standardize the translation of public signs in scenic spots, to promote the promoting role of the translation of public signs in the construction of the "Road of Tang poetry" in eastern Zhejiang, and deepen the level of the foreign communication and exchanges. Index Terms—landscape of the road of Tang poetry, Chinese-English translation standard public signs I. INTRODUCTION In 1991, Professor Zhu Yuebing, a famous scholar, first put forward the concept of "Road of Tang Poetry," pointing out the "Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang." The whole "Tang poetry road" refers to the ancient tourist scenery in ancient Shanzhong, where Tang poets traveled frequently and greatly influenced Tang poetry's development. -
Study on the Coniferous Characters of Pinus Yunnanensis and Its Clustering Analysis
Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering (2017) Original Research Article Study on the Coniferous Characters of Pinus yunnanensis and Its Clustering Analysis Zongwei Zhou,Mingyu Wang,Haikun Zhao Huangshan Institute of Botany, Anhui Province, China ABSTRACT Pine is a relatively easy genus for intermediate hybridization. It has been widely believed that there should be a natural hybrid population in the distribution of Pinus massoniona Lamb. and Pinus hangshuanensis Hsia, that is, the excessive type of external form between Pinus massoniana and Pinus taiwanensis exist. This paper mainly discusses the traits and clustering analysis of coniferous lozeng in Huangshan scenic area. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the classification of long and outstanding Huangshan Song and so on. At the same time, it will provide reference for the phenomenon of gene seepage between the two species. KEYWORDS: Pinus taiwanensis Pinus massoniana coniferous seepage clustering Citation: Zhou ZW, Wang MY, ZhaoHK, et al. Study on the Coniferous Characters of Pinus yunnanensis and Its Clustering Analysis, Gene Science and Engineering (2017); 1(1): 19–27. *Correspondence to: Haikun Zhao, Huangshan Institute of Botany, Anhui Province, China, [email protected]. 1. Introduction 1.1. Research background Huangshan Song distribution in eastern China’s subtropical high mountains, more than 700m above sea level. Masson pine is widely distributed in the subtropical regions of China, at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, vertically distributed below 700m above sea level, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River area, the vertical height of up to 1200 - 1500m or so. In the area of Huangshan Song and Pinus massoniana, an overlapping area of Huangshan Song and Pinus massoniana was formed between 700 - 1000m above sea level. -
Repeated Range Expansions and Inter-/Postglacial Recolonization Routes of Sargentodoxa Cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85 (2015) 238–246 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Repeated range expansions and inter-/postglacial recolonization routes of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils. (Lardizabalaceae) in subtropical China revealed by chloroplast phylogeography Shuang Tian a,b,c,1, Shu-Qing Lei b,1, Wan Hu a,b,1, Ling-Li Deng b,BoLib, Qing-Lin Meng b, ⇑ ⇑ Douglas E. Soltis d,e, Pamela S. Soltis e, Deng-Mei Fan b, , Zhi-Yong Zhang b, a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China b Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China c Jiangdezhen College, 333000 Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China d Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA e Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA article info abstract Article history: Most plant phylogeographic studies in subtropical China have stressed the importance of multiple refugia Received 18 December 2014 and limited admixture among refugia. Little attention has been paid to range expansion and recoloniza- Revised 15 February 2015 tion routes in this region. In this study, we implemented a phylogeographic survey on Sargentodoxa Accepted 18 February 2015 cuneata, a widespread woody deciduous climber in subtropical China to determine if it conforms to Available online 27 February 2015 the expansion–contraction (EC) model during the Pleistocene. Sequence variation of two chloroplast intergenic spacers (IGSs) in 369 individuals from 54 populations of S. cuneata was examined. Twenty- Keywords: six chloroplast haplotypes were recovered. -
Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: a Review
land Review Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: A Review Li Wu 1,2,*, Shuguang Lu 1, Cheng Zhu 3, Chunmei Ma 3, Xiaoling Sun 1, Xiaoxue Li 1, Chenchen Li 1 and Qingchun Guo 4 1 Provincial Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (X.S.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (C.L.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China 3 School of Geograpy and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (C.M.) 4 School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Yangtze River Valley is an important economic region and one of the cradles of human civilization. It is also the site of frequent floods, droughts, and other natural disasters. Conducting Holocene environmental archaeology research in this region is of great importance when studying the evolution of the relationship between humans and the environment and the interactive effects humans had on the environment from 10.0 to 3.0 ka BP, for which no written records exist. This Citation: Wu, L.; Lu, S.; Zhu, C.; review provides a comprehensive summary of materials that have been published over the past Ma, C.; Sun, X.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Guo, Q. -
“Major World Deltas: a Perspective from Space
“MAJOR WORLD DELTAS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM SPACE” James M. Coleman Oscar K. Huh Coastal Studies Institute Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………4 Major River Systems and their Subsystem Components……………………..4 Drainage Basin………………………………………………………..7 Alluvial Valley………………………………………………………15 Receiving Basin……………………………………………………..15 Delta Plain…………………………………………………………...22 Deltaic Process-Form Variability: A Brief Summary……………………….29 The Drainage Basin and The Discharge Regime…………………....29 Nearshore Marine Energy Climate And Discharge Effectiveness…..29 River-Mouth Process-Form Variability……………………………..36 DELTA DESCRIPTIONS…………………………………………………………..37 Amu Darya River System………………………………………………...…45 Baram River System………………………………………………………...49 Burdekin River System……………………………………………………...53 Chao Phraya River System……………………………………….…………57 Colville River System………………………………………………….……62 Danube River System…………………………………………………….…66 Dneiper River System………………………………………………….……74 Ebro River System……………………………………………………..……77 Fly River System………………………………………………………...…..79 Ganges-Brahmaputra River System…………………………………………83 Girjalva River System…………………………………………………….…91 Krishna-Godavari River System…………………………………………… 94 Huang He River System………………………………………………..……99 Indus River System…………………………………………………………105 Irrawaddy River System……………………………………………………113 Klang River System……………………………………………………...…117 Lena River System……………………………………………………….…121 MacKenzie River System………………………………………………..…126 Magdelena River System……………………………………………..….…130 -
Alluvial Fans
GY 111 Lecture Notes D. Haywick (2008-09) 1 GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 1: Alluvial Fans Lecture Goals A) Depositional/Sedimentary Environments B) Alluvial fan depositional environments C) Sediment and rocks that form on alluvial fans Reference: Press et al., 2004, Chapter 7; Grotzinger et al., 2007, Chapter 18, p 449 GY 111 Lab manual Chapter 3 Note: At this point in the course, my version of GY 111 starts to diverge a bit from my colleagues. I tend to focus a bit more on sedimentary processes then they do mostly because we live in an area that is dominated by sedimentation and I figure that you should be as familiar as possible with the subject. As it turns out, the web notes are also more comprehensive than what you'll find in your text book A) Depositional/sedimentary environments Last time we met, we discussed how sediment moved from one place to another. Remember that sediment is produced in a lot of different locations, but it seldom stays where it is produced. The action of water, wind and ice transport it from the sediment source to the sediment sink. The variety of sediment sinks that exist on the planet is truly amazing. There are river basins, lakes, deserts, lagoons, swamps, deltas, beaches, barrier islands, reefs, continental shelves, the abyssal plains (very deep!), trenches (even deeper!) etc. As we discussed last time, these places are called depositional environments (also known as sedimentary environments). Each depositional environment may also have several subdivisions. For example, there are open beaches, sheltered beaches, shingle beaches, sand beaches, strandline beaches, even mud beaches.