Kyudo Kyogi Rules and Regulations (Revised April 1St, 2014)

Kyudo Kyogi Rules and Regulations (Revised April 1st, 2014)

Public Interest Incorporated Foundation All Nippon Kyudo Federation

1 Table of Contents

Section 1 General Rules Article 1 Objectives Article 2 Scope of application Article 3 Exceptions to the Rules Article 4 Obligation of compliance Article 5 Organization of the Officials Article 6 Selection of the Officials Article 7 Duties of the Taikai Officials Article 8 Duties of the Kyogi Officials Article 9 Taikai guidelines Article 10 Kyogi events Article 11 Kyogi categories Article 12 Kyogi divisions Article 13 Scoring Article 14 Kyogi formats Article 15 Shooting and Operation procedures Article 16 Time limits Article 17 Record keeping Article 18 Senshu Henko (changing competitors) Article 19 Senshu Kotai (substituting competitors) Article 20 Regulations for Kyugu (Kyudo equipment) Article 21 Regulations for Fukuso (attire)

Section 2 Kinteki Kyogi Article 22 Regulations for Kinteki Kyogi Article 23 Regulations for the Kinteki Mato Article 24 Placement of the Kinteki Mato Article 25 Judging the Tekichu in Kinteki Kyogi Article 26 The Mato for Tekichu system based Kinteki Kyogi Article 27 Ranking in Tekichu system based Kinteki Kyogi Article 28 The Mato for Saiten system based Kinteki Kyogi Article 29 Ranking in Saiten system based Kinteki Kyogi

2 Section 3 Enteki Kyogi Article 30 Regulations for Enteki Kyogi Article 31 Regulations for Enteki Mato Article 32 Placement of the Enteki Mato Article 33 Judging the Tekichu in Enteki Kyogi Article 34 The Mato for Tekichu system based Enteki Kyogi Article 35 Ranking in Tekichu system based Enteki Kyogi Article 36 Judging the Tokuten (score) in Enteki Kyogi Article 37 The Mato for Tokuten system based Enteki Kyogi Article 38 Ranking in Tokuten system based Enteki Kyogi

Section 4 Prohibited items and Penalties Article 39 Prohibited items Article 40 Muko (invalidity) Article 41 Shikken (forfeiture) Article 42 Shikkaku (disqualification) Article 43 Objections Article 44 Dissenting opinions Article 45 Preventing danger Article 46 Miscellaneous rules Article 47 Additional rules

Supplementary Chart Diagram of the Organization of Officials

Supplementary Pages Article 15, 1) Shooting Procedure in Kyogi (Zasha) Article 15, 2) Shooting Procedure in Kyogi (Rissha) Article 15, 3) Handling 4 Arrows (Zasha) – Simplified Method Article 20 Explanatory Diagram of Traditional Kyudo Equipment

First edition September 1, 1949 Revised April 1, 1985 Revised September 15, 1953 Revised June 27, 1991 Revised July 10, 1968 Revised April 1, 2000 Revised September 20, 1978 Revised April 1, 2014

3 Kyudo Kyogi Rules and Regulations

Section 1 General Rules

Article 1 Objectives The Kyudo Kyogi Rules and Regulations (hereafter referred to as the Rules) have been established in order that Kyogi, sponsored and supervised by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation (hereafter referred to as the ANKF), the Local Federations affiliated to the ANKF (hereafter referred to as the Local Federations), as well as the Regional Block Federations (hereafter referred to as Regional Federations) can be held safely, fairly and impartially, and, at the same time, smoothly.

(Supplementary comment 1)  As well as maintaining an awareness of safety, fairness and impartiality, the Kyogi shall be carried out conforming to the spirit of Japan’s unique traditional culture of Kyudo.

Article 2 Scope of Application 1) These Rules shall apply at Kyogi sponsored and supervised by the ANKF, as well as those Kyogi sponsored and supervised by the Local and Regional Federations. 2) These Rules may not be enforced at Taikai sponsored by persons other than the ANKF, Local or Regional Federations. Accordingly, in cases where these Rules are applied, it shall be clearly stated in the Guidelines that the Taikai will follow or be held in compliance with the “All Nippon Kyudo Federation Kyogi Rules and Regulations”.

(Supplementary comment 2)  Each of the names stipulated in these Rules and particular names used in the Kyudo Kyohon (Kyudo Manual) published by the ANKF are to be interpreted as the same.

Article 3 Exceptions to the Rules 1) Depending on the terms and conditions of the Taikai, in situations where the Rules are difficult to comply with or with respect to items that are not clearly stated, it is possible to put special provisions into effect. However, these provisions shall not deviate from the objectives of the Rules. 2) In cases where special provisions are put into effect, these shall either be clearly stated in

4 the Guidelines or clearly explained by the Kyogi Iincho at the beginning of the Kyogi, so that it is common knowledge. 3) Kyogi participants with injuries, disabilities or other physical constraints that make it difficult to comply to the Rules must obtain permission when applying (at latest by registration on the day of the event).

(Supplementary comment 3)  Regardless of whether local conditions or informal restrictions make it difficult to follow the letter of the rules, the central ideas of safety, fairness and impartiality, as well as efficient management, are essential.

Article 4 Obligation of compliance Competitors, team managers, as well as Officials participating in Kyogi that come under the scope of application of the Rules must have a thorough knowledge of and must comply with these Rules.

Article 5 Organization of the Officials 1) The Officials shall be organized as Taikai Yakuin (Taikai Officials) and Kyogi Yakuin (Kyogi Officials). (The organization of the Officials is shown on the Supplementary Chart, p. 36.) 2) The Taikai Yakuin shall comprise the Honorary Taikai Kaicho, the Kaicho, the Komon (Advisor), the Sanyo (Counsel), the Takai Iincho, and the Somu Iincho. 3) The Kyogi Officials shall comprise the Kyogi Iincho, the Shinpan Iincho, as well as the Unko Iincho. (1) Additional official roles may be assigned as needed. (2) In principle, the Kyogi Officials shall not be permitted to participate simultaneously as competitors or as team managers. However, if participation does not hinder the operation of the Kyogi, Kyogi Yakuin shall be permitted to double as competitors or as team managers. In such cases, it shall be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines.

(Supplementary comment 5)  In order that the Kyogi operations run smoothly, it is essential that each Official should share in the duties, while coordinating and sharing responsibilities.

5 Article 6 Selection of the Officials Those appointed to the Yakuin should not only have Kyudo experience, rank or title, but also a thorough knowledge of the Rules and appropriate ability. Shinpan Iin shall be appointed from among holders of recognized qualifications.

Article 7 Duties of the Taikai Officials Taikai Officials are responsible for the general duties necessary for opening and carrying out the operations of the Taikai, exclusive of the execution of the Kyogi itself. 1) The duties of the Taikai Kaicho As the chief person in charge, the Taikai Kaicho bears the responsibility for consolidating all activities related to the Taikai. 2) The duties of the Taikai Iincho (1) As the one in charge of all matters related to the Taikai, the Taikai Iincho bears a substantial responsibility for the Taikai operations. (2) The Taikai Iincho is responsible for consolidating the duties of the Somu Iincho and the Kyogi Iincho. 3) The duties of the Somu Iincho (1) As the one responsible for all of the general items related to operations of the Taikai, the Somu Iincho is in charge of drafting plans for the implementation of the Taikai, meetings of the Shinpan and team managers, as well as ceremonies. These are to be carried out in cooperation with the Kyogi Iincho. (2) The Somu Iincho is responsible for consolidating the duties related to general affairs, preparation and set up. (3) The Somu Iincho is responsible for verifying if the information provided in the Taikai application forms fulfills the requirements stipulated in the Taikai guidelines.

Article 8 Duties of the Kyogi Officials The Kyogi Yakuin are responsible for all items related to carrying out the Kyogi itself. 1) The duties of the Kyogi Iincho (1) The Kyogi Iincho bears the responsibility for carrying out the Kyogi, coordinating with the Somu Iincho, and all items related to the operation of the Kyogi. (2) The Kyogi Iincho is responsible for consolidating all duties of the Shinpan Iincho as well as the Unko Iincho. (3) The Kyogi Iincho is responsible for the final confirmation of the Taikai results. 2) The duties of the Shinpan Iincho

6 (1) The Shinpan Iincho bears the responsibility for the refereeing, coordinating with the Unko Iincho, and all items related to the operation of the Kyogi refereeing. (2) The Shinpan Iincho is responsible for consolidating all duties of the Shajo, Saiten, Matomae and Kyugu Shinpan Iin. (3) In cases when problems regarding the refereeing arise, the Shinpan Iincho shall stop temporarily the Kyogi to confer with the concerned Shinpan Iin, make a final decision and report it to the Kyogi Iincho. A The duties of the Shajo Shinpan Iin The Shajo Shinpan Iin are in charge of refereeing on the Shajo (including the Yamichi) a. The Shajo Shinpan Iin are responsible for confirming that conditions are safe, checking the competitors’ shooting position, the validity or invalidity of the shooting, as well as judging forfeiture, disqualification, and other issues. b. The Shajô Shinpan Iin shall make a statement to stop the shooting when they deem necessary. B The duties of the Saiten Shinpan Iin The Saiten Shinpan Iin are in charge of judging and marking the shooting. The Saiten Shinpan Iin shall award an overall mark on the basis of established criteria including Shaho-Shagi, Shahin-Shakaku, Taihai, mental toughness (Shinki), the number of Tekichu, etc. C The duties of the Matomae Shinpan Iin The Matomae Shinpan Iin are in charge of refereeing on the Mato area. a. The Matomae Shinpan Iin shall judge the ‘Atari’, ‘Hazure’ or the score of the Ya. b. The Matomae Shinpan Iin shall judge the rankings of the Enkin Kyosha (Enkin shoot-offs). D The duties of the Kyugu Shinpan Iin The Kyugu Shinpan Iin shall determine the suitability of the Kyugu (Kyudo equipment), auxiliary equipment, and Fukuso (attire) used. a. The Kyugu Shinpan shall determine whether the Kyugu used is in violation of Article 20 or the regulations stipulated in the Taikai guidelines. b. The Kyugu Shinpan shall determine whether the Fukuso used is in violation of Article 21 or the regulations stipulated in the Taikai guidelines. c. In the event that the Kyugu is deemed unsuitable, the order to correct it shall be given. If the corrections are not made, the competitor shall be disqualified, and the decision reported to the Shinpan Iincho. 3) The duties of the Unko Iincho (1) The Unko Iincho bears the responsibility for the Kyogi operations, for coordinating

7 with the Shinpan Iincho, and carrying out the Kyogi operations smoothly. (2) The Unko Iincho shall consolidate the operations in the Shajo, the Matomae and other outlying areas.

(Supplementary comment 8)  “Problems regarding the refereeing” mainly refer to the handling of competitors’ behaviour, faults, forbidden items, illness, as well as accidents arising in the Yamichi.  Matomae Shinpan Iin shall check the condition of the Mato, Gogushi, and Azuchi, as well as the correctness of the reading of the Tekichu on the score board.  In cases when it is difficult to ascertain the Tekichu, the ‘?’ sign shall be shown, and prior to the Ya being collected, “Atari”, “Hazure”, or score shall be confirmed and announced. In this case, close cooperation with the Matomae Iin is essential.  In cases when one has a large number of Mato to watch, it shall not be necessary to indicate each judgement of ‘Atari’, ‘Hazure’ or score, and it shall be sufficient to indicate the judgment before the Ya are collected.  At the beginning of the Kyogi, the Unko Iincho shall signal to each of the Officials to prepare. Following this, the arrival of the Yakuin at their seats, the completion of the Shajo and Matomae shall each be confirmed. Further, in case of rain or inclement weather, contingency plans shall be considered and adjusted.

Article 9 Taikai guidelines The Taikai guidelines shall clearly state the objectives, the sponsor, the supporter, the supervisor, the date, the venue, the event, the categories, the divisions, the scoring system, the Kyogi format, the awards, the eligibility requirements for participation, the applicable rules and regulations, the procedure for application as well as any other required information.

(Supplementary comment 9)  It shall be clearly stated in the Guidelines whether the ranking will be determined after a preliminary round or directly without a preliminary round.  As the number of arrows will differ depending on the Kyogi, this shall be clearly stated for each competitor in each round and for the aggregate.

Article 10 Kyogi events There are two sorts of Kyogi events, Kinteki Kyogi and Enteki Kyogi.

8 Article 11 Kyogi categories 1) Kyogi categories include Kojin Kyogi (individual competitions) and Dantai Kyogi (team competitions). 2) Kojin Kyogi shall be carried out in units of one competitor, Dantai Kyogi shall be carried out in units composed of three or more competitors forming a team. Substitutes or team managers may be permitted as stipulated in the Taikai guidelines, however, the standard shall be only one person for a team of three, two people or fewer for a team of five. 3) For Dantai Kyogi, the team shall be composed with the number of participants stipulated in the Taikai guidelines. However, if, for reason of an accident that has occurred after the beginning of the Taikai, there is no longer the number of competitors stipulated in the Taikai guidelines, the team will be recognized as such if the majority of the team remains. 4) In cases where Dantai Kyogi and Kojin Kyogi overlap at a Taikai, the team may compete without the stipulated number of competitors, however the results will only be valid as those for Kojin Kyogi.

(Supplementary comment 11)  Cases will arise in which the Dantai Kyogi and Kojin Kyogi overlap.  In cases when, due to unforeseen circumstances, team members are missing prior to the opening ceremony, the Taikai Kaicho may decide whether participation is approved or not and notify his decision on a prescribed form.  In this case, the decision shall be announced by the Kyogi Iincho at the opening ceremony.  At Dantai Kyogi in which substitute competitors are approved, all members shall be registered, those who participate in the meet shall be called competitors (Senshu), and reserve players (replacement players) shall be called substitutes (Hoketsu).

Article 12 Kyogi divisions The Kyogi divisions include students (junior high school, high school or university), gender, age, Dan (rank), Shogo (title) divisions, etc.

Article 13 Scoring The Kyogi shall be held according to one of the following: the Tekichu system, the Tokuten system or the Saiten system. Further, combinations of these systems shall be permitted. (Supplementary comment 13)  The Tekichu system is a scoring method in which the rankings are determined according to the number of Tekichu (hits).

9  The Tokuten system is a scoring method in which a Ya is awarded a score (Tokuten) according to its position in the Mato face which is marked with several concentric rings determining different scoring zones.  The Saiten system is a scoring method in which the Shinpan Iin evaluate and assign a mark to the competitors’ shooting.

Article 14 Kyogi formats The Kyogi shall be carried out according to one of the following formats. Further, combinations of these shall also be permitted. (1) Cumulative scoring (2) Elimination tournament (3) Round-robin tournament

(Supplementary comment 14)  In cumulative scoring, the rankings shall be decided when the competitors have released the set number of arrows and the cumulative results have been tallied with the greatest ranking highest.  In elimination tournament, the competitors vie against each other directly, the winner competing against the next competitor. That is to say, winners proceed to the next round.  In round-robin tournament, the competitors or groups compete in matches following a round robin system.

Article 15 Shooting and operation procedures 1) The shooting shall take place according to the Shooting Procedure in Kyogi. (Refer to the Supplementary Pages, Article. 15, pp. 37 – 40.) 2) In Kojin as well as in Dantai Kyogi, the sequence of shooting shall begin with Ichiban in each Shajo and follow in order. 3) The number of arrows shall be clearly stated in the Taikai guidelines. The number of arrows for one round shall be 2 arrows (Hitote) or 4 arrows (Futate or Yotsuya). 4) When the shooting is performed with Hitote, Toriya shall take place. 5) The positions for Shai, Honza as well as the shooting positions shall be marked in the Shajo. 6) In principle, the handling of Yotsuya (in Zasha) shall be carried out following the order outlined in the Kyudo Manual, but the simplified method may also be used. (Refer to the Supplementary Page, Article 15, 3), p. 40.)

10 7) In case of damage to the Kyugu (Yumi, Ya, Tsuru, etc.) after entering the Shajo, these may be replaced. However, this is insofar as replacement Kyugu has been prepared. 8) In principle, Yagaeshi (handing an archer his arrows back) is not permitted after the competitors have entered the Shajo. 9) Defaulting on a Ya when on the Shai is permitted. In the case a Ya has been defaulted, the Ya shall be placed forward and to the right of the individual.

(Supplementary comment 15)  In cases when changes in the operation procedure are unavoidable, the Kyogi Iincho must declare these prior to the Kyogi opening ceremony. If changes are to be made during the Kyogi, out of fairness and impartiality, the approval of the competitors shall be acquired, and the Kyogi Iincho shall make an announcement to that effect.  In the event that a competition hall is divided for use into two, three or more shooting areas, these shall be regarded as separate Shajo and hold the number 1, 2, 3, etc. There shall be no objection if, for example, the Ichiban in Dai Ni Shajo (Shajo 2) releases before the Ichiban in Dai Ichi Shajo (Shajo 1).  Arrows shall be shot in pairs made of Haya and Otoya, taken together as Hitote. For schedule considerations, four arrows (Futate) may be shot in one round, but shooting three or five arrows is not permitted. Izume Kyosha and Enkin Kyosha (shoot-offs following Izume and Enkin method) shall be carried out in units of one arrow; however, with regard to this article, this is not to say that it is the number of arrows for one round.  In cases when a competitor cannot perform Toriya, the prescribed document shall be presented.  The broken Tsuru from Tsurugire, the Ya with a broken Hazu may be replaced with a Kaezuru or Kaeya.  The Yumi may be exchanged with a Kaeyumi before Yatsugae is complete or when Tsurugire occurs.

Article 16 Time limits 1) It shall be permitted to establish shooting time limits in Dantai Kyogi.

〔Standard Shooting Time Limits〕４ arrows per Person 2 arrows per Person Zasha 7 min.30 sec. 4 min. 30 sec. 3 People Rissha 6 min 30 sec. 4 min.

11 Zasha 10 min. 6 min. ５ People Rissha 9 min. 30 sec. 5 min. 30 sec.

2) Timing shall commence at the Shinko Iin’s order to begin ( ‘Hajime’). 3) The Yorei (warning bell) will ring 30 seconds prior to the time limit (one ring), and when the time limit is exceeded, the Honrei (finishing bell) shall ring (twice). (1) Ya that are released as the Honrei rings shall be invalid. (2) Any Ya released after the time limit has been exceeded shall be invalid, and any remaining Ya shall be forfeited. 4) At such time as the Shajo Shinpan Iin gives the signal to suspend the shooting, the time limit rules shall no longer apply. 5) Resolving incidents involving one’s own team (dealing with Tsurugire, etc.) shall take place during the time limit.

(Supplementary comments 16)  Time limits may be set for Dantai Kyogi with regard to Kyogi management considerations.  In the event time limits are set, the Maai between Competitors may be shorter as long as the order of shooting is not disrupted.

Article 17 Record keeping 1) Tekichu records shall be displayed and entered as follows. Atari ○ Hazure × In case of ‘Hazure’, the following may also be used. Haya ／ Otoya ＼ 2) In the event that the score of each Ya is to be entered: ○ × 3) In the event that the score of each Hitote is to be entered, this shall be shown as follows. Hitote Kaichu Otoya is shown as a smaller circle in the center ◎ Haya Atari Otoya Hazure ○ Haya Hazure Otoya Atari ○ Haya Hazure Otoya Hazure × 4) The scores shall be displayed and entered in order starting closest to the competitor’s name.

４

Name Name １２３４３

２１１２

Name ３

４

Article 18 Senshu Henko (changing competitors) 1) At Dantai Kyogi in which competitor changes are permitted, the competitor changes may be informed prior to the beginning of the Kyogi following the prescribed procedure. 2) The prescribed procedure shall be clearly stated in the Taikai guidelines. 3) Apart from changes in the competitors, it shall not be permitted to revise the Tachijun (shooting order). 4) ‘Senshu Henko’ (competitor change) shall not be permitted in Kojin Kyogi.

Article 19 Senshu Kotai (substituting competitors) 1) At Dantai Kyogi in which competitor substitution is permitted, substitutions may take place after the beginning of the Kyogi following the prescribed procedure. 2) The prescribed procedure shall be clearly stated in the Taikai guidelines. 3) Apart from substituting competitors, it shall not be permitted to revise the Tachijun (shooting order). 4) In the following cases ‘Senshu Kotai’ is not permitted. (1) When shooting is in progress (including Izume Kyosha) (2) Substituting with a competitor who has just exited. (3) Substituting with a competitor who has been disqualified. (4) Substituting a competitor who is competing in Kojin Kyogi.

(Supplementary comments 19)  Prior to the start of Kyogi, changing competitors who have registered is not regarded as a substitution. This is simple Senshu Henko (competitor change).  The time and date for the final application deadline for Henko and Kotai, as well as the procedure for Henko and Kotai, shall be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines. (e.g., At reception, prior to the meeting with the team managers)

13 Article 20 Regulations for Kyugu (Kyudo equipment) The Kyugu (Kyudo implements) used shall be ones with traditional forms, and, moreover, those that are potentially dangerous shall not be used. (Refer to the supplementary page, Article 20, pp. 41 – 42, Explanatory Diagram of Traditional Kyudo Equipment) (1) The bow shall be a Japanese Yumi (Wakyu) and fulfill the following requirements. (a) The standard length shall be 221 centimeters (7 Shaku 3 Sun), with allowances for some variance in length. (b) The Nigiri shall be at roughly one third of the length of the bow from the Motohazu. (c) The length of the Yazurido shall extend 6 centimeters or more above the Togashira. (d) The Yumi shall not have sights or other intentional markings on the Yazurido. (e) The material composition may be bamboo, wood, or synthetic (fiberglass, carbon, etc.). (2) The Ya shall fulfill the following requirements. (a) The length shall be a safe length according to each individual’s Yazuka. (b) The No (shaft) of the Ya shall be 6 millimeters or more in diameter. (c) The No material composition may be bamboo or synthetic (aluminium, fiberglass, carbon, etc.). (d) The Hane, composed of three bird feathers, shall differentiate the Haya and the Otoya. (e) The Hadake (the length of the feather) shall be 13 to 15 centimeters for the Kinteki Kyogi and 9 to 15 centimeters for the Enteki Kyogi. (f) The Hayama (the height of the feather) shall be 5 millimeters or more. (g) There shall be Motohagi and Urahagi (binding thread to fasten the fletching), as well as Hazumaki. (h) The Hazu shall be embedded and have a Hazumizo (nock groove). (i) Other than as the Hazumizo, the Hazu shall have no other function (fluorescence, luminescence, etc.). (j) Itatsuki (the point) shall have a socket to fit on the shaft, and be one of the following shapes: Itatsuki-gata, Shiinomi-gata, Ensui-gata. (k) There shall be no marking or similar indication of the draw length. (3) The Tsuru shall fulfill the following requirements. (a) The Tsuru shall be a single, wound string. (b) The material composition of the Tsuru may be of hemp or a synthetic material.

14 (4) The Yugake shall fulfill the following requirements. (a) Putting a Yugake on the right hand is obligatory for shooting. (b) The Mitsugake, Yotsugake or Morogake may be used. (c) The Yugake shall have Hikae, Boshi, as well as Tsurumakura. (d) The Yugake shall be made from deer skin. (5) Hojogu (Extra tools) (e) Apart from traditional Oshide Hojogu, or bandaging to protect wounds, including athletic taping, it shall not be permitted to apply any sort of aids or extra tools to the Oshide.

(Supplementary comments 20)  There are various types of Kyugu depending on its purpose or the physical condition or competency of the person who uses it. The appropriate choice is desirable. There are also occasions when Kyugu regulations may be prescribed in the Taikai guidelines, depending on the Kyogi divisions. The use of Kyugu made with synthetic materials may have been approved, however with regard to the colour of the Yumi, No, Hane, Tsuru, and Kake, it is desirable to take into account the spirit of Budo. Traditional colours and patterns are desirable, and gaudy items shall be avoided.  The regulations require that the Japanese Yumi is to be used at Kyogi, and not the Western bow. Although the standard Japanese Yumi is 221 centimeters long (Namisun), currently there are Yumi from 6 to 18 centimeters longer, or conversely, some Yumi may be 3 to 12 centimeters shorter. Therefore, some variance in length has been permitted. The unique characteristic of the Japanese Yumi is its length, and as well, the positioning of the Nigiri below the center point at about one third of the total length of the Yumi. This is to say, however, that ‘about’ is the Rule. The joints of the To (rattan) are not considered to be a guide. However, it shall not be permitted to intentionally use a binding method in order that the joints in the To can be used as a guide.  It shall not be permitted to use feathers with the specific shape used in Western archery, Hadake that is too short, Hayama that is too low, or any shape that is not traditional, or made of materials other than bird feathers. In compliance with wildlife protection laws, it is forbidden to use feathers that are taken illegally.  Traditional Saguri (Tsuyu) on the Nakajikake is not considered as a visual marker.  One should consider the ‘Morogake’ and ‘Tsuno-iri Sanbongake’ (3-finger glove with horn) as having Hikae. Junior high school and high school students, as well as novices

15 shall be permitted to use ‘Yawaraka Boshi’ (supple thumb) or ‘Waboshi’ (vernacular-style thumb). However, as one’s skill increases, it is desirable that one should use a Yugake with Tsurumakura as soon as is practical.  There are traditional Oshide Hojogu such as the Oshidegake (with two fingers: the thumb and forefinger, or only one finger: the thumb).

Article 21 Regulations for Fukuso (attire) 1) The proper attire for Kyogi shall be either Kyudo-I: Tsutsusode, Hakama and white Tabi, or Wafuku: Kimono, Hakama, and white Tabi. However, Fukuso requirements may be prescribed in the Taikai guidelines depending on the Kyogi. 2) In the following Taikai, Kyudo-I (White Tsutsusode, black Hakama, and white Tabi) is required for both men and women. (1) Zen Nihon Danshi Kyudo Senshuken Taikai (All Japan Men’s Kyudo Championship) (2) Zen Nihon Joshi Kyudo Senshuken Taikai (All Japan Women’s Kyudo Championship) (3) Zen Nihon Kyudo Enteki Senshuken Taikai (All Japan Kyudo Enteki Championship) (4) Zen Nihon Rodosha Kyudo Senshuken Taikai (All Japan Labourer‘s Kyudo Championship) (5) Kokumin Taiiku Taikai Kyudo Kyogi Kai (National Sports Festival Kyudo Tournament) 3) In the event that names (individual, team, club or school name, etc.) are to be shown on the Kyudo-I, they shall be limited to one place on the Tsutsusode sleeve and on the Hakama. The size shall be no larger than 10 centimeters in length and width.

(Supplementary comments 21)  There shall be no restrictions on the colours of the attire except regarding Article 21, 2), and unless special requirements are specified in the Taikai guidelines.  Preferably the Tsutsusode sleeves shall be elbow-length.  Undergarments worn under the Kyudo-I shall be plain, and preferably without collar or high neck.  Beginners shall be permitted to wear sports clothes, however, clothing with buttons or zippers on the front are to be avoided.  In general, men’s Hakama shall have a Koshi Ita, women’s Hakama shall not have a

16 Koshi Ita. Andonbakama (Lantern Hakama) are unacceptable. Preferably the hem of the Hakama shall not touch the floor in Ashibumi.  The navy-blue Hakama shall be permitted for the teenager division of the National Sports Festival by notification in the Taikai guidelines.  Affixing larger than necessary company logo intended to advertise on Kyudo-I is to be avoided. However, as it may allow the operation staff and spectators to know at a glance who is shooting, team names may be used instead of Zekken (number cloths). Wearing team names also strengthens the sense of belonging to one’s company and is to be commended.

17 Section 2 Kinteki Kyogi

Article 22 Regulations for Kinteki Kyogi 1) The shooting distance for the Kinteki Kyogi shall be 28 meters. 2) Kinteki Kyogi shall be carried out with one archer per Mato (Mochimato) and in principle in Zasha. However, in cases when Zasha is difficult, an athlete may compete in ‘Rissha’ following the prescribed procedure. 3) Shooting shall take place with five or fewer archers per Shajo. 4) The standard distance from the Honza to the Shai is 2.0 meters (3 steps). 5) The standard interval between the shooting positions at Shai is 1.8 meters. However, in cases when the standard interval cannot be maintained, this shall be clearly stated in the Taikai guidelines. 6) In the event that there are multiple Shajo, the distance between each Shajo shall be 1.8 meters or more.

(Supplementary comments 22)  Kinteki Kyogi shall be carried out using Mochimato (1 person per Mato). This means that shooting shall not be carried out other than at a right angle from the Mato at a standardized distance of 28 meters.  The Kinteki Kyogi may also be carried out in Rissha when it is more appropriate to do so with regard to the time schedule. However, in principle switching to Rissha shall not be permitted while the Kyogi is in progress. If the situation is such that there is no choice but to switch to Rissha, care must be taken to maintain fairness between the competitors.  In Rissha, the distance from the Honza to the Shai shall conform to the distance for Enteki Kyogi as stated in Article 30.  Depending on the Kyogi, it shall be permitted to reduce the distance between the shooting positions at Shai for management purposes, however, safety must be maintained in any case.

Article 23 Regulations for the Kinteki Mato The regulations for the Mato used in Kinteki Kyogi are as follows. (1) The Mato shall be a Kasumi Mato with a diameter of 36 centimeters, or a Hoshi Mato with a diameter of 36 or 24 centimeters. (2) The depth of the Mato Waku (frame) shall be 9 to 12 centimeters in the case of a 36

18 centimeter diameter Mato, and 7 to 9 centimeters in the case of a 24 centimeter diameter Mato. (3) In principle, the Mato Waku shall be made of wood. (4) The Mato shall be a Mato Gami (target face) glued to a Mato Waku (target frame).

(Supplementary comments 23)  The outside diameter of the Mato Waku shall be 36 centimeters. It is essential that particular attention be paid to the Mato used in Kyogi.  If the Mato Waku is too thick, the Ya may rebound or be damaged, therefore it is preferable that the front inside edge of the Waku is planed at an angle.  Care should be taken if the depth of the Mato Waku is too shallow, as the Mato may move or fall over.

Article 24 Placement of the Kinteki Mato 1) In principle, the surface of the Shajo floor and the base of the Azuchi in the Matoba shall be the same height. 2) The center of the Mato shall be at a height of 27 cm from the base of the Azuchi, and the Mato Men (surface) shall be at a rearward angle of 5 degrees and held in place with a Gogushi. 3) Azuchi made of urethane foam mats or Tatami inclined at a rearward angle of 5 degrees may also be used to hold the Mato fixed directly on them. 4) The distance between the center of the Mato shall be the same as the distance between the Tachi Ichi (shooting positions).

(Supplementary comment 24)  It is preferable to use two or more Gogushi to hold the Mato in place.

Article 25 Judging the Tekichu in Kinteki Kyogi The judgment of ‘Atari’ or ‘Hazure’ shall depend on whether the Yanone has pierced the Mato Men (Mato face) and is lodged within the Mato frame or not. In the event that a Ya breaks, judgment will depend on the position of the Yanone. (1) The Ya that is lodged within the Mato Waku shall be considered ‘Atari’. However, in the following cases, the Ya shall also be considered to be lodged within the Mato Waku and scored as ‘Atari’. (a) The Ya hits on the inside of the Mato Waku and passes through to the outside. (b) The Ya remains lodged within the joint of the Mato Waku or in the edge of the

19 Mato Waku. (c) The Ya hits an ‘Atari’ Ya in the Hazu and remains embedded therein (Tsugiya). (d) The Ya hits a ‘Hazure’ Ya and lodges within the Mato Waku. (e) The Mato rolls away when the Ya hits, and the Ya remains lodged within the Mato Waku. (f) One part of the Ya that is lodged within the Mato Waku touches the ground before the Azuchi. (2) The Ya that does not remain lodged within the Mato Waku shall be considered ‘Hazure’. However, in the following cases, the Ya shall not be considered to be lodged in the Mato Waku and shall score as ‘Hazure’. (a) The Ya hits the Mato Waku from the outside and passes through to the inside of the Mato Waku. (b) The Ya becomes lodged between the Gogushi and the Mato Waku. (c) The Ya hits an ‘Atari’ Ya and deflects to the outside of the Mato Waku. (d) The Ya rebounds without lodging within the Mato Waku. (e) The Ya skips off the ground and into the Mato Waku (Haki Atari). (f) The Ya touches the Maku, security net or other such obstacle.

(Supplementary comment 25)  The Matomae Shinpan Iin shall decide ‘Atari’ or ‘Hazure’ according to the condition of the Ya.  In cases when ‘Atari’ or ‘Hazure’ are in doubt, the group of Matomae Shinpan Iin shall convene to make the decision and indicate it as quickly as possible with the ‘O’ or ‘X’ Hyojiban (signs).  If a Mato falls over due to inadequate positioning or strong wind, etc. before Tekichu judgement is made, the conditions shall be taken into consideration and a judgment made whether the Ya is ‘Yuko’ (valid), ‘Muko’ (invalid) or whether ‘Saigyosha’ (replaying the shooting) is necessary.

Article 26 The Mato for Tekichu system based Kinteki Kyogi When scoring is based on the Tekichu system, the 36 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato or the Hoshi Mato shall be used. (1) The Kasumi Mato shall be a white ground with three black concentric rings divided as shown below, starting from the center. (a) Center white disc with a radius of 3.6 centimeters.

20 (b) First black circle 3.6 centimeters in width. (c) First white circle 3 .0 centimeters in width. (d) Second black circle 1.5 centimeters in width. (e) Second white circle 3.0 centimeters in width. (f) Third black circle 3.3 centimeters in width. (2) The Hoshi Mato has a white ground in the center of which there is a black disc one third of the diameter.

(Supplementary comments 26)  In kyogi based on the Tekichu system, it shall be permitted to use either the Kasumi Mato or the Hoshi Mato.  The type of Mato to be used must be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines.

Illustration 1 Kinteki Kasumi Mato Illustration 2 Kinteki Hoshi Mato

Article 27 Ranking in Tekichu system based Kinteki Kyogi 1) The Tekichu system stipulates that the greatest number of Tekichu ranks highest. 2) In cases of Dochu (equal numbers of hits), the rankings shall be determined as follows. (1) Kojin Kyogi A. In Izume Kyosha (sudden death shoot-offs) (a) The highest number of continuous Tekichu shall rank highest. If necessary the 24 centimeter Hoshi Mato may be used. (b) The ranking of those tied after missing the Mato shall be determined by Enkin Kyosha. However, should the highest rank have been determined, Izume kyosha may continue. B. In Enkin Kyosha (closest-to-the-center-shoot-offs) (a) Rankings shall be determined by the Yadokoro (position of the Ya) in the Mato face and the extended plane of the Mato face. The Ya closest to the center shall be the highest rank. (b) Those whose Ya are equidistant from the center shall carry out Saido Kyosha (a

21 second shoot-off) or be declared Do-I (tied). (c) A Haki Ya that reaches the Azuchi shall be awarded a low rank. When there are multiple cases, the distance from the center of the Mato shall be measured, with the closest receiving the highest rank. (d) A Hakiya that does not reach the Azuchi shall be awarded the lowest rank of all. When there are multiple cases, the distance from the center of the Mato shall be measured, with the closest receiving the highest rank. (e) A Ya that is not released because of Hazukobore, etc. shall be awarded a rank lower than Ya that do not reach the Azuchi. (In the event that there are multiple cases, all shall be regarded as equal). (f) Rankings shall be determined by more than one Matomae Shinpan Iin. (g) The 36 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato shall be used. Each archer shall shoot one single arrow at the same Mato from the same Tachi Ichi (shooting position). (h) When 6 or more competitors are tied, multiple Mato may be used. (i) When judging multiple Mato, measuring tools shall be used. (2) Dantai Kyogi (a) Ippon Kyosha (one arrow per individual) shall be carried out, the team with the greatest aggregate number of Tekichu shall receive the highest rank. (b) In the event that the ranking cannot be determined in the first round, the rounds shall be repeated until the ranking has been decided. 3) Kaeya may be used in Dochu Kyosha (tiebreakers).

(Supplementary comments 27)  There are two methods for breaking ties in Kojin Kyogi: Izume Kyosha and Enkin Kyosha.  Should it appear that considerable time will be necessary to decide the rankings in Izume Kyosha, a smaller Mato may be used. In the event, it should be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines beforehand, or the Kyogi Iincho must make the announcement.  The Yadokoro is the first point of impact of the Ya.  In Enkin Kyosha, the Ya that has hit is not a problem, however the Ya that misses shall be measured from the center of the Mato on the extended plane of the Mato surface.  In the event that a Mato Waku has been grazed by a Ya and the Mato has shifted from its position, the Mato shall be returned to its original position before the distance is measured.  In cases when a determination cannot be reached, Saido Kyosha (an additional shoot-off) shall be carried out.

Article 28 The Mato for Saiten system based Kinteki Kyogi In the Saiten system, the 36 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato shall be used.

Article 29 Ranking in Saiten system based Kinteki Kyogi 1) In Saiten system, the competitor who receives the highest cumulative mark according to separately prescribed marking standards shall rank highest. 2) In the event of Doten (equal marks), the ranking shall be decided according to the following procedure. (1) Kojin Kyogi (a) The competitor with the greatest number of Tekichu shall be the highest ranking. (b) If competitors are still tied, the one who obtained the highest cumulative mark for Hitote shall be the highest ranking. (c) If the result is still the same, the Taikai guidelines shall prescribe the rule. (2) Dantai Kyogi (a) The team with the greatest number of Tekichu shall be the highest ranking. (b) If teams are still tied, the team with the member who obtained the highest cumulative mark shall be the highest ranking. (c) If the result is still the same, the Taikai guidelines shall prescribe the rule.

(Supplementary comment 29) As regards judging the Tekichu, please refer to Article 25.

23 Section 3 Enteki Kyogi

Article 30 Regulations for Enteki Kyogi 1) The shooting distance for Enteki Kyogi shall be 60 meters. 2) Enteki Kyogi shall be carried out with one Mato for one Shajo and shall take place in Rissha. 3) The number of archers per Shajo shall be 5 or fewer. 4) The standard distance from the Honza to the Shai shall be 1.1 meters (2 steps). 5) The standard space between the Tachi Ichi (shooting positions) at the Shai shall be 1.6 meters. However, in cases when it is not possible to maintain the standard distance, this shall be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines. 6) In the case there are multiple Shajo, the distance between the Shajo shall be 1.6 meters or more.

(Supplementary comment 30)  When multiple competitors are using the same Mato at a long distance, the number of participants is limited to 5 in order that the shooting distance should not be unfair.  The Mato shall be positioned so that it is in absolute center for the competitors.  In Enteki Kyogi, 3 to 5 people shall shoot at one Mato. Therefore, in comparison with Kinteki Kyogi, the space between Competitors shall be less.  For Kyogi management purposes, the space between competitors may be shorter, however, safety shall always be the first priority.

Article 31 Regulations for Enteki Mato The regulations for the Mato used in Enteki Kyogi are as follows (1) The Mato shall be the 100, 79 or 50 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato or 100 centimeter diameter Tokuten Mato. (2) The Mato Gami (target face) shall be affixed to a heavier stock of paper or painted directly on a heavier stock of paper. (3) In principle, the Mato shall be affixed to a Mato Waku (target frame) with a thickness of 1 to 3 centimeters. (Supplementary comment 31)  By affixing a Mato Waku, the reliability of the Tekichu judgment at the Mato circumference is improved.  It is intended to spread the use of the Mato produced by the ANKF (with the frame) to

24 be affixed to a mat for the Mato in all Enteki Taikai.

Article 32 Placement of the Enteki Mato 1) In principle, the Shajo floor and the Matoba ground shall be the same height. 2) The center of the target shall be 97 centimeters from the surface of the Shajo floor and the Mato Men shall be positioned at a rearward angle of 15 degrees. 3) The Mato shall be fastened to a mat made of a material that can be penetrated moderately easily and that has no gaps or openings. 4) The equipment for holding the Mato in place shall be a three or four-legged stand and of a construction such that it will not easily be overturned by the wind, etc.

(Supplementary comment 32)  The Mato shall be fastened to a mounting mat (preferably Tatami) and positioned on a stand.  The standard mat used for fastening the Mato shall be circular (rectangular is also permitted) and larger than the Mato Waku.  Instead of the Mato mat, urethane foam mats or Tatami may be used.

Illustration 3 Setting of the Enteki Mato

15 º Mato mat Mato Mato stand Center of the Mato

97 cm Yatome guard Shajo floor

Matoba ground

Article 33 Judging the Tekichu in Enteki Kyogi 1) The judgment of ‘Atari’ or ‘Hazure’ shall depend on whether or not the Yanone has pierced the Mato face and is lodged within the Mato Waku. In the event that a Ya breaks, judgment will depend on the position of the Yanone. (1) The Ya that is lodged within the Mato Waku shall be considered ‘Atari’. However, in the following cases, the Ya shall also be considered to be lodged

25 within the Mato Waku and scored as ‘Atari’. (a) The Ya hits and passes through the Mato. (b) The Ya hits an ‘Atari’ Ya in the Hazu and remains embedded therein (Tsugiya). (c) The Ya touches a ‘Hazure’ Ya and deflects into the Mato Waku. (d) One part of the Ya that is lodged within the Mato Waku touches the ground. (e) The Mato rolls away when the Ya hits, and the Ya remains lodged within the Matowaku. (f) The Mato has no Waku, and the Ya touches the outside boundary line of the Mato.

(2) The Ya that does not remain lodged within the Mato Waku shall be considered ‘Hazure’. However, in the following cases, the Ya shall not be considered to be lodged in the Mato Waku and shall score as ‘Hazure’. (a) The Ya hits an ‘Atari’ Ya and passes to the outside of the Mato Waku (b) The Ya rebounds without lodging within the Mato Waku. (c) The Ya skips off the ground and into the Mato Waku (Haki Atari). (d) The Ya touches the Maku, security net or other such obstacle.

Article 34 The Mato for Tekichu system based Enteki Kyogi 1) The 100 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato shall be used for Tekichu system. (1) The Kasumi Mato shall be a white ground with three black concentric rings. The divisions are as shown below starting from the center. (a) Center white disc with a radius of 11 centimeters. (b) First black circle 10 centimeters in width. (c) First white circle 8 centimeters in width. (d) Second black circle 4 centimeters in width. (e) Second white circle 8 centimeters in width. (f) Third black circle 9 centimeters in width. (2) The 79 and the 50 centimeter diameter Mato may also be used when stipulated in the Taikai guidelines. The distribution of circles on the 79 and the 50 centimeter diameter Mato are scaled in the same way as the 100 centimeter diameter Mato.

26 (Supplementary comment 34) Illustration 4 Enteki Kasumi Mato

Article 35 Ranking in Tekichu system based Enteki Kyogi 1) The Tekichu system stipulates that the greatest number of Tekichu ranks highest. 2) In cases of Dochu (equal number of hits), the rankings shall be determined as follows. (1) Kojin Kyogi A. In the case of Izume Kyosha (sudden death shoot-offs) (a) The highest number of continuous Tekichu shall rank highest. If necessary the 79 centimeter or the 50 centimeter Hoshi Mato may be used. (b) The ranking of those tied after missing the Mato shall be determined by Enkin Kyosha. However, should the highest rank have been determined, Izume Kyosha may continue. B. In the case of Enkin Kyosha (closest-to-the-center-shoot-offs) (a) Rankings shall be determined by the Yadokoro (position of the Ya) in the Mato face and the extended plane of the Mato face. The Ya closest to the center shall be the highest rank. Those whose Ya are equidistant from the center shall carry out Saido Kyosha (a second shoot-off) or be declared Do-I (tied) (b) Determining the ranking of the Hazure Ya that do not hit the mounting mat is problematic and either Saido Kyosha shall be carried out or ‘Do-I’ (ties) shall be accepted. (c) A Hakiya shall be awarded a low rank. When there are multiple cases, the distance from the center of the Mato shall be measured, with the closest receiving the highest rank. (d) A Ya that do not reach the Hakiya Sen (Hakiya line) shall be awarded the lowest rank of all. When there are multiple cases, the rank shall be determined by the distance the Ya has flown. (e) A Ya that is not released because of Hazukobore, etc. shall be awarded a rank

27 lower than Ya that do not reach the Hakiya Sen. (In the event that there are multiple cases, all shall be regarded as equal). (f) The 100 centimeter diameter Kasumi Mato shall be used. Each archer shall shoot one single arrow at the same Mato from the same Tachi Ichi (shooting position). (g) Rankings shall be determined by more than one Matomae Shinpan Iin. (2) Dantai Kyogi (a) Ippon Kyosha (1 arrow per individual) shall be carried out, the Dantai with the greatest aggregate number of Tekichu shall receive the highest rank. (b) In the event that the ranking cannot be determined in the first round, the rounds shall be repeated until the ranking has been decided. (3) Kaeya may be used in Dochu Kyosha (tiebreakers).

(Supplementary comment 35)  There are two methods for breaking ties in Kojin Kyogi: Izume Kyosha and Enkin Kyosha.  Should it appear that some time will be necessary to decide the rankings in Izume Kyosha, a smaller Mato may be used. In the event, it should be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines beforehand, or the Kyogi Iincho must make the announcement.  In Enkin Kyosha the Ya that has hit is not a problem, however the Ya that misses must be measured on an extended line of the Mato surface.  In the event that a Mato Waku has been grazed by a Ya and the Mato has shifted from its position, the Mato shall be returned to its original position before the distance is measured.

Illustration 5 Judging the Hakiya in Enteki Kyogi

Mato mat Mato Mato stand Center of the Mato

97 cm Yatome guard

Hakiya Hazure Ya

Hakiya Sen: front edge of the Yatome guard

28 Article 36 Judging the Tokuten (score) in Enteki Kyogi 1) The scoring values of the Tokuten system are shown in the following 5 divisions. (A) Yellow (Gold) 10 points (B) Red 9 points (C) Blue 7 points (D) Black 5 points (E) White 3 points 2) A Ya shall be scored according to the place where it lies. If a Ya touches any dividing lines between two scoring zones, that Ya shall score the higher value of the two zones involved. 3) 3 points shall be awarded should the Ya touch the outside boundary line of a Mato that has no Waku. 4) Should the Ya pass through the Mato, 7 points shall be awarded.

(Supplementary comment 36)  The Mato shall be made of some material that the Ya cannot pierce through. However, a score has been prescribed in the event that by chance a Ya should pass through the Mato. As scoring a Ya that has passed through a Mato is problematic, the middle value of 7 points has been determined.

Article 37 The Mato for Tokuten system based Enteki Kyogi In the Tokuten system, the 100 centimeter diameter Tokuten Mato shall be used. The Tokuten Mato shall be 5 concentric rings of different colours. The divisions are as shown below starting from the center. (A) Yellow (Gold) radius 10 centimeters (B) Red width 10 centimeters (C) Blue width 10 centimeters (D) Black width 10 centimeters (E) White width 10 centimeters

29 (Supplementary comment 37) Illustration 6 Enteki Tokuten Mato

A B C D E 100cm

Article 38 Ranking in Tokuten system based Enteki Kyogi 1) In Tokuten system, the greatest number of Tokuten (points) is the highest ranking. 2) In cases of Do Tokuten (equal scores), the rankings shall be determined as follows. (1) Kojin Kyogi (a) The competitor with the greatest number of Ya hitting the Mato and scored with one of the prescribed values shall rank highest. (b) In case of Dochu (equal numbers of hits), the number of Ya lodged in each scoring zone shall be compared starting from the highest value, the competitor with the greatest number of Ya scoring highest receiving the highest rank. (c) In the event the results of the above are absolutely the same, a single arrow shoot-off shall be carried out and the greatest score shall rank highest. (2) Dantai Kyogi (a) The team with the greatest number of Ya hitting the Mato and scored with one of the prescribed values shall rank highest. (b) In case of Dochu, the number of Ya lodged in each scoring zone shall be compared starting from the highest value, the team with the greatest number of Ya scoring highest receiving the highest rank. (c) In the event the results of the above are absolutely the same, Ippon Kyosha shall be carried out (1 arrow for each individual) and the greatest cumulative score shall rank highest.

30 Section 4 Prohibited items and Penalties

Article 39 Prohibited items 1) The following are prohibited. (1) In the Shajo, the competitor shall not be permitted to request or receive advice either orally or in other ways. (2) The competitor shall avoid any unnecessary talking in the Shajo. (3) Disturbing the other competitors or teams with disruptive comments or behaviour. (4) The competitor shall not be permitted to move away from the Honza or the Shai. (5) Approaching the competitor at the Shai by anyone other than the Unko Iin, or the Shajo Shinpan Iin. (6) Carrying out Yagaeshi during the shooting. 2) However, with the Shajo Shinpan Iin’s permission, allowances may be made with regard to No. 4, 5, and 6 above.

(Supplementary comment 39)  The Competitor at the Shai must carry out the shooting unaided. Accordingly, it is not permitted for the competitor to request advice to others, and others are not permitted to give advice or direction to the competitor as well.  It shall not be permitted for competitors to give advice or encouragement inside the Shajo. Supporters shall also maintain silence when the competitor has reached Kai.

Article 40 Muko (Invalidity) In the following instances, the Shajo Shinpan Iin shall declare the Ya Muko (invalid) and score it as ‘Hazure’. (1) Following completion of Yatsugae (the point in time when, after nocking the Ya, the competitor places his right hand on his waist), the Hazu comes loose from the Tsuru. (2) The competitor starts the shooting over again (Inaoshi) after starting Uchiokoshi. (3) A Ya that has been released before that of the competitor in front in the same Shajo. However, this rule excludes cases if the competitor in front should default on his Ya once standing at the Shai. (4) The Competitor shoots from a position significantly removed from the Shai or the Tachi Ichi despite the Shinpan Iin’s instruction. (5) The Shajo Shinpan deems that the competitor has made a fault that disrupts another competitor’s shooting. However, in the event the disruption affects the same team, the ruling shall not apply.

31 (6) In Dantai Kyogi, if a Ya has been released after the time limit.

(Supplementary comment 40)  The Muko (invalidity) referred to above applies to a Ya that is in the process of being shot or that has already been released.  For Kyogi management purposes, it may be necessary that the shooting take place in a shorter time. In such event, this shall be clearly stated in the Taikai guidelines or the Kyogi Iincho shall announce beforehand that the Ya may be released in any order (Jun Fudo).  In Kojin Kyogi, exaggerated movement while stepping back, sitting in Kiza, etc. following the shooting would cause one’s Yumi to hit the Ya of the competitor behind. Likewise, an obstruction might be caused if the Yumi of the competitor behind is placed in the space between the Yumi and Tsuru of the competitor in front performing the shooting, or touches his/her body, affecting his/her shooting. Even if the obstruction was not deliberate, the Shajo Shinpan Iin shall call for the shooting of the competitor in question to be terminated and invalidated.

Article 41 Shikken (forfeiture) 1) In the following cases the Shajo Shinpan Iin shall suspend or call off the shooting, and the remaining Ya shall be forfeited. (1) In the event that a competitor starts shooting after the time limit has been exceeded. (2) In the event that a competitor is late for shooting (Shaokure). However, only the round in question shall be forfeited. (3) In the event that a competitor has transgressed one of the forbidden items prescribed in Article 39 or in the Taikai guidelines. (4) In the event the Tekichu judgment is not abided by. 2) In the event the Kyugu Shinpan Iin finds a competitor in violation of Article 20 and/or Article 21, he shall declare the competitor Shikken and report his decision to the Shinpan Iincho. However, if the infringement can be corrected, Shikken may be avoided.

(Supplemental comment 41) Shaokure means not being in the prescribed time or place.

Article 42 Shikkaku (disqualification) The Taikai Kaicho shall declare the following cases Shikkaku. Competitors or teams who have been declared disqualified may not participate in the

32 Kyogi. (1) In the event that the contents on the Taikai application form do not fulfill the prescribed requirements of the Taikai guidelines. However, if the contents can be corrected, disqualification is not necessary. (2) In the event it is established that deliberate falsehoods have been entered on the Taikai application form. In the event the falsehoods are discovered at a later date, the competition record of the individual in question shall be deleted, any prizes that were awarded shall be returned, and the ranking shall be left blank. (3) In the event warnings issued by the Shinpan Iin regarding the occurrence of speech and conduct damaging to the dignity and honour of the Taikai are not followed. (4) In the event that the final decision of the Shinko Iincho or Shinpan Iincho regarding an objection is not obeyed. (5) In the event of willful or intentional obstruction of another competitor’s shooting.

(Supplementary comment 42)  Willful or intentional obstruction of another competitor’s shooting is a particularly serious offense of a nature aside from Kyogi and the most severe penalties shall be imposed.

Article 43 Objections 1) A competitor in Kojin Kyogi or the team manager in Dantai Kyogi may make an objection to the Shinpan Iin or the Shinko Iin in the following cases. (1) a hindrance at shooting. (2) an objection against the management of Kyogi or the refereeing. 2) The Shinpan Iin or the Shinko Iin shall deal with the objection without delay.

(Supplementary comment 43)  Having one’s Ya hit by another competitor as one is about to enter Uchiokoshi will have an effect on the shooting. Likewise, should an obstacle appear in the Yamichi during the shooting it will cause the rhythm of the shooting to be upset. In these instances, at the Shajo Shinpan’s signal it is possible to carry out Inaoshi (start the shooting over again).  In the event that Inaoshi is carried out, as a matter of course the Ya that was obstructed shall be considered as not released. Yagaeshi may be permitted for Inaoshi.  In the event there are no instructions from the Shajo Shinpan Iin, making an objection shall be possible. With regard to the objection, the Shajo Shinpan Iin shall consider the

33 circumstances appropriately and must decide either to accept or to reject the objection.  It shall be stated clearly in the Taikai guidelines if it is not possible to make an objection against the Tekichu judgment or other judgments.

Article 44 Dissenting opinions 1) In the event of dissatisfaction with a judgment from the previous Article, the competitor or the team manager may report a dissenting opinion to either the Unko Iincho or the Shinpan Iincho. 2) The Unko Iincho or the Shinpan Iincho shall hand down the final judgment with regard to the incident. 3) The competitor or the team manager shall respect the final decision in any case.

(Supplementary comment 44)  In the event a dissenting opinion is reported, the Shinpan Iincho shall listen carefully to the opinions of both the complainant and the Shajo Shinpan Iin and hand down a fair judgment without delay.  The person reporting a dissenting opinion with regard to ‘Atari’ or ‘Hazure’ shall report the instance before the Ya has been removed or, for an incident that happened in the Shajo, before the Tachi has changed.

Article 45 Preventing danger 1) The officials and the assistants shall coordinate to pay thorough attention with regard to preventing danger. 2) Competitors and team managers, while themselves paying attention to preventing danger, shall follow the officials and assistants’ instructions. 3) The Shajo Shinpan Iin shall warn competitors whose shooting appears to be dangerous. 4) In the event that shooting cannot be carried out in the Matomae or Yamichi, the Matomae Shinpan Iin shall order the red flags (50 centimeter square or larger) to be displayed to maintain safety. 5) In the event the red flags are shown in the Matomae during the shooting, competitors shall cease shooting safely and, moreover, quickly. 6) Shajo Shinpan Iin and Shinko Iin shall not allow the competitors shoot while the red flags are shown. 7) Having shown the red flag and ascertained the safety, the Matomae Shinpan Iin and the Matomae Iin shall enter the Matomae and the Yamichi.

(Supplementary comment 45)  While monitoring the Shajo, the Shajo Shinpan Iin shall keep an eye on the Yamichi and give instructions to the competitors when an obstacle arises. (In coordination with the Matomae Shinpan Iin)  The Matomae Shinpan Iin shall restrain the Matomae Iin or the assistants if they show signs of entering the Azuchi when the red flags are not shown.  The Matomae Iin shall first make sure whether or not the competitors have noticed the red flags before taking any action.

Article 46 Miscellaneous regulations 1) If the supporters or spectators’ speech, conduct or behaviour becomes a hindrance to the Kyogi management (inclusive of the shooting), the Unko Iincho shall call the spectators to order and, if there is no improvement, may order them to leave. 2) Cheering shall be limited to vocal encouragement and clapping. 3) Taking photos with a flash shall require permission from the organizers. 4) In the event that competitors are to wear Zekken (players’ number cloths) or team names, these shall be worn forward at the right hip. The cloth for the Zekken shall be 12 centimeters high and 18 centimeters wide.

(Supplementary comment 46)  Naturally occurring vocal encouragement and clapping shall be permitted, however, moderate cheering that does not disturb the Kyogi is preferable.

Article 47 Additional regulations 1) These rules and regulations took effect on 1 April, 2014. 2) Until the establishment of the Konin Shinpan In Seido (provisional name: Official Shinpan In System), the articles below shall follow the current procedure. (1) Article 6 Selection of the Shinpan Iin (2) Article 29, 1) Standards for Saiten

35 Supplementary Chart Diagram of the organization of Officials

Upper half: Taikai Officials Lower half: Kyôgi Officials

Taikai Meiyo Kaichô Honorary Taikai Chairman Shomu Iin Administration Staff Taikai Kaichô Komon Sanyo Kaikei Iin Taikai Chairman Adviser Counsel Accounting Uketsuke Iin Registration Sômu Iinchô Shomu Iinchô Honbu Kiroku Iin General Business General Affairs Central records Affairs Settai Iin Reception/Welcoming Taikai Iinchô Kyûgo Iin Taikai Director First Aid Hôdô Iin Communication Officer Taikai Iin Taikai Committee Junbi Iin Member Preparations Junbi Iinchô Shukuhaku Iin Preparatory Accommodations Committee Chair Yusô Iin Transport

Setsuei Iinchô Setsuei Iin Setup Committee Set up Chair Keibi Iin Security

Shajô Shinpan Iin Shajô Referee Shinpan Iinchô Saiten Shinpan Iin Referee Committee Marking Referee Chair Matomae Shinpan Iin Matomae Referee Kyûgu Shinpan Iin Kyôgi Iinchô Equipment Referee Kyôgi Committee Chairman Shinkô Iin Progress Committee Kiroku Iin Records Committee Shajô Iinchô Hôsô Iin Shajô Committee Announcer Unkô Iinchô Chair Keiji Iin (Renraku) Operations Committee Bulletin Manager (Shuttle) Chairman Keiji Iin Timekeeping Committee

Matomae Iinchô Matomae Iin Matomae Matomae Committee Committee Chair Kanteki Iin Kanteki Committee

Jôgai Iinchô Kaijô Iin Grounds Committee Venue Committee Chair Shôshû Iin Summons Committee

Should consideration of the scale of the Taikai deem it necessary, appointing deputy positions to the organization of the Officials is permitted.

Supplementary Pages Article 15, 1) Shooting Procedure in Kyogi (Zasha)

Shooting Procedure in Kyōgi (Hitote, Zasha, 3-Person group)

All Nippon Kyudo Federation Ichiban Niban Sanban

Start shooting right away. Stand up when Ichiban brings his Stand up when Niban brings his H right fist to his hip in standing right fist to his hip in standing A position. position. Y A Start Uchiokoshi at Ichiban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Niban’s Tsurune and proceed with the Tsurune and proceed with the shooting. shooting. Once Haya shot, sit down in Once Haya shot, sit down in Kiza, Once Haya shot, sit down in O Kiza, nock Otoya and stand nock Otoya and stand up. Kiza, nock Otoya and stand up. T up. O Y Start Torikake at Sanban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Ichiban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Niban’s A Tsurune and proceed with Tsurune and proceed with the Tsurune and proceed with the the shooting. shooting. shooting. (Effective as of April 1, 2014)

Notes : 1) At the entry, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza. Ichiban does Rei, the others do Yū (in Futa-Iki : two breaths). 2) Proceed to Honza, sit down in Kiza, perform Yū (in Mi-Iki : three breaths) all together and move forward to Shai. * When a previous Tachi is shooting, enter at the Tsurune of Niban’s Otoya and wait on Honza in Kiza posture. * Perform Yū all together at the last archer’s Tsurune and stand up at his Yudaoshi. When he leaves and makes the first step to the right, move forward to Shai. * There are also occasions when you may perform Yū all together at the “Hajime” signal of the Shinkōgakari and move to Shai. 3) Sit down in Kiza on Shai, turn into the Waki-Shōmen, stand the bow and carry out Yatsugae. 4) After shooting the last arrow, each archer leaves the Shajō. 5) At the exit, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza before doing Yū (in Futa-Iki). 6) Make sure that the movements before and after the shooting are not overlong. 7) The same procedure applies when shooting 4 arrows (Futate) and in 4-Person group. 8) When a time limit is set, it is possible to proceed faster as long as the order of the archers is respected.

Shooting Procedure in Kyōgi (Hitote, Zasha, 5-Person group)

All Nippon Kyudo Federation Ichiban Niban Sanban Yonban Goban

Start shooting Stand up when Stand up when Stand up when Stand up when right away. Ichiban brings his Niban brings his Sanban brings his Yonban brings his H right fist to his hip right fist to his hip right fist to his hip right fist to his hip A in standing in standing in standing in standing Y position. position. position. position. A Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Ichiban’s Tsurune Niban’s Tsurune Sanban’s Tsurune Yonban’s Tsurune and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. Once Haya shot, Once Haya shot, sit Once Haya shot, sit Once Haya shot, sit Once Haya shot, sit sit down in Kiza, down in Kiza, nock down in Kiza, nock down in Kiza, nock down in Kiza, nock O nock Otoya and Otoya and stand Otoya and stand Otoya and stand Otoya and stand T stand up. up. up. up. up. O Y Start Torikake at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at A Goban’s Tsurune Ichiban’s Tsurune Niban’s Tsurune Sanban’s Tsurune Yonban’s Tsurune and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. (Effective as of April 1, 2014)

Notes : 1) At the entry, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza. Ichiban does Rei, the others do Yū (in Futa-Iki : two breaths). 2) Proceed to Honza, sit down in Kiza, perform Yū (in Mi-Iki : three breaths) all together and move forward to Shai. * When a previous Tachi is shooting, enter at the Tsurune of Niban’s Otoya and wait on Honza in Kiza posture. * Do Yū all together at the last archer’s Tsurune and stand up at his Yudaoshi. When he leaves and makes the first step to the right, move to Shai. * Sometimes, you may do Yū all together at the “Hajime” signal of the Shinkōgakari, and move to Shai. 3) Sit down in Kiza on Shai, turn into the Waki-Shōmen, stand the bow and carry out Yatsugae. 4) After shooting the last arrow, each archer leaves the Shajō. 5) At the exit, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza before you do Yū (in Futa-Iki). 6) Make sure that the movements before and after the shooting are not overlong. 7) The same procedure applies when shooting 4 arrows (Futate). 8) When a time limit is set, it is possible to proceed faster as long as the order of the archers is respected.

Article 15, 2) Shooting Procedure in Kyogi (Rissha)

Shooting Procedure in Kyōgi (Hitote, Rissha, 3-Person group)

All Nippon Kyudo Federation Ichiban Niban Sanban

H Start shooting right away. Start Uchiokoshi at Ichiban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Niban’s A Y Tsurune and proceed with the Tsurune and proceed with the A shooting. shooting. Once Haya shot, carry out Once Haya shot, carry out Once Haya shot, carry out O T Yatsugae and wait. Yatsugae and wait. Yatsugae and wait. O Y Start Torikake at Sanban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Ichiban’s Start Uchiokoshi at Niban’s A Tsurune and proceed with Tsurune and proceed with the Tsurune and proceed with the the shooting. shooting. shooting. (Effective as of April 1, 2014)

Notes : 1) At the entry, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza. Ichiban does Rei, the others do Yū (in Futa-Iki : two breaths). 2) Proceed to Honza, perform Yū (in Mi-Iki : three breaths) all together in standing position and move forward to Shai. * When a previous Tachi is shooting, enter at the Tsurune of Sanban’s Haya and wait one step back from Honza in standing position. (The use of chair is possible.) * Proceed to Honza at the last Tsurune and perform Yū all together. When the last competitor of the previous Tachi leaves and makes the first step to the right, move forward to Shai. * There are also occasions when you may proceed to Honza, perform Yū all together at the “Hajime” signal of the Shinkōgakari and move forward to Shai. 3) On Shai, turn into the Waki-Shōmen, stand the bow and carry out Yatsugae. 4) After shooting the last arrow, each archer leaves the Shajō. 5) At the exit, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza before you do Yū (in Futa-Iki). 6) Make sure that the movements before and after the shooting are not overlong. 7) The same procedure applies when shooting 4 arrows (Futate) and in 4-Person group. 8) When a time limit is set, it is possible to proceed faster as long as the order of the archers is respected.

Shooting Procedure in Kyōgi (Hitote, Rissha, 5-Person group)

All Nippon Kyudo Federation Ichiban Niban Sanban Yonban Goban

H Start shooting Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at A right away. Ichiban’s Tsurune Niban’s Tsurune Sanban’s Tsurune Yonban’s Tsurune Y and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with A the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. Once Haya shot, Once Haya shot, Once Haya shot, Once Haya shot, Once Haya shot, nock Otoya and nock Otoya and nock Otoya and nock Otoya and nock Otoya and O T wait. wait. wait. wait. wait. O Y Start Torikake at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at Start Uchiokoshi at A Goban’s Tsurune Ichiban’s Tsurune Niban’s Tsurune Sanban’s Tsurune Yonban’s Tsurune and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with and proceed with the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. the shooting. (Effective as of April 1, 2014)

Notes : 1) At the entry, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza. Ichiban does Rei, the others do Yū (in Futa-Iki : two breaths ). 2) Proceed to Honza, perform Yū (in Mi-Iki : three breaths) all together in standing position and move to Shai. * When a previous Tachi is shooting, enter at the Tsurune of Niban’s Otoya and wait one step back from Honza in standing position. (The use of chairs is possible.) * Move to Honza at the last Tsurune and do Yū all together. When the last competitor of the previous Tachi leaves and makes the first step to the right, move to Shai. * Sometimes, you may move to Honza at the last Tsurune, do Yū all together at the “Hajime” signal of the Shinkōgakari, and move to Shai. 3) On Shai, turn into the Waki-Shōmen, stand the bow and carry out Yatsugae. 4) After shooting the last arrow, each archer leaves the Shajō. 5) At the exit, make sure to focus your attention on the Kamiza before you do Yū (in Futa-Iki). 6) Make sure that the movements before and after the shooting are not overlong. 7) The same procedure applies when shooting 4 arrows (Futate). 8) When a time limit is set, it is possible to proceed faster as long as the order of the archers is respected.

Article 15, 3) Handling 4 Arrows (Zasha)－Simplified Method:

1) Rotate to Waki-Shōmen and lower the bow (put the Urahazu on the floor) in the same time. Then, put Hitote (one set of 2 arrows) on the floor to the front, the Itatsuki in the center. 2) Keep the remaining Hitote (2 arrows) in the hand (holding either the Itsukebushi or the Itatsuki) and bring your right fist to your hip. 3) Stand the bow to the inside of the arrows, in front of the center of your body, and nock on the arrow. 4) When taking the next Hitote, pick up the arrows by the Itsukebushi or the Itatsuki and bring your right fist to your hip. 5) Stand the bow in front of the center of your body and nock on the arrow.

Article 20 Explanatory Diagram of Traditional Kyudo Equipment

Yumi: Ya:

Urahazu Hazu

Tsuruwa (Uwahazu) Hazumaki Urahagi Uwasekiita Kamikiritsumedō Hanakabushi Himezori

Motohagi

Toriuchi Sodesuribushi

(Ottoribushi)

Uwazuru

Nonakabushi Yazurid ō

Togashira Nakajikake

(Nakaseki)

Nigiri Itsukebushi

Teshita Itatsuki Shitazuru (Yajiri)

Himezori Itatsuki: (Kozori)

Shitakirizumedō Shimosekiita

Motohazu (Shimohazu) Itatsuki- Shiinomi- Ensui- gata gata gata

Yugake:

(Mitsugake) (Haya) Harakawa Hashiriba Yuzuriba Bōshi Hinerikawa (Hōzuriba)

Kohimo Hazu

Tsurumakura Togakeba Himo (Mukōba) (Otoya) Hikae Daikawa

(Yotsugake) (Morogake) ring finger

little finger Bōshi ring finger Bōshi

Tsurumakura

Daikawa Hikae

Chichikawa