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4 Second Phase of the Indian National Movement https://www.arundeepselfhelp.info SECTION B — CIVICS CONTENTS I. The Union Legislature 1. The Union Parliament 219 - 238 SECTION A — HISTORY II. The Union Executive 2. The President and the Vice-President 239 - 252 1. The Indian National Movement (1857-1917) 3. Prime Minister and Council of Ministers 253 - 268 1. The First War of Independence, 1857 1 - 19 III. The Judiciary 2. Growth of Nationalism 20 - 34 4. The Supreme Court 269 - 282 3. First Phase of the Indian National Movement 35 - 52 5. The High Courts and Subordinate Courts 283 - 297 4. Second Phase of the Indian National Movement 53 - 72 5. The Muslim League 73 - 86 I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2009 298 - 314 II. Mass Phase of the National Movement (1915-1947) I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2010 315 - 332 6. Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement 87 - 103 I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2011 333 - 348 7. Quit India Movement 104 - 115 8. Forward Bloc and The I N A 116 - 126 I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2012 349 - 361 9. Independence and Partition of India 127 - 141 I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2013 362 - 372 III. The Contemporary World I.C.S.E. Examination Paper Solved — 2014 373 - 383 10. The First World War 142 - 158 11. Rise of Dictatorships 159 - 173 Practice Model Test Paper — I 384 - 387 Practice Model Test Paper — II 388 - 390 12. The Second World War 174 - 186 Practice Model Test Paper — III 391 - 393 13. United Nations 187 - 196 Practice Model Test Paper — IV 394 - 396 14. Major Agencies of the United Nations 197 - 206 15. Non-Aligned Movement 207 - 218 https://www.arundeepselfhelp.info SECTION A — HISTORY Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th https://www.arundeepselfhelp.info done by following the Subsidiary Alliance, introduced by Lord Chapter - 1 Wellesley. Under this system, the Indian rulers, who agreed to the Subsidiary Alliance – The First War of Independence, 1857 (a) accepted the British as the supreme power ; (b) surrendered their foreign relations to the East Indian Company EXERCISES and agreed that they would not enter into any alliance with any I. Short Answer Questions other power and would not wage wars. 1. What was the nature of revolts against the British before (c) accepted a British Resident at their headquarters and agreed not the First War of Independence? to employ any European in their service without consulting the Ans. The revolts against the British before the First War of company. Independence did not pose a serious challenge as the rebellions (d) agreed to maintain British troops at their own cost ; and were local, scattered and isolated. These revolts established a local tradition of struggle against the British rule. (e) virtually lost their independence. 2. Why was “War of 1857” hailed as the First War of The two Indian States were : Independence ? (i) Hyderabad in 1798. (ii) Awadh in 1801. Ans. It embraced the whole section of society without any caste and 6. Explain the term : Doctrine of Lapse. Name the two States creed. It was not localized one. In this revolt, not only army annexed by the British using the Doctrine of Lapse. personnel participated but Indian civilians also threw themselves into this struggle to get rid of the foreign rules. This revolt gave Ans. The Doctrine of Lapse, introduced by Lord Dalhousie meant the real threat to the Britishers. that when a ruler of dependent State died without a natural heir, 3. Mention two political causes of the First War of the State passed back to the hand of English. Satara (1848), Independence. Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854) were some of the States Ans. (i) Policy of Expansion. annexed by the British using the Doctrine of Lapse. (ii) Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah Zafar. 7. Who was Nana Sahib ? What was his main grievance against 4. Name the two ways in which the British expanded their the British? territorial power in India ? Ans. The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, had adopted Nana Sahib as his son. Ans. The two ways in which the British expanded their territorial But the British refused to recognise Nana Sahib as the ruler of the power in India are : Marathas. He was pensioned off to far away Bithur. (i) By outright wars. 8. Which policy was used by Lord Dalhousie against Rani (ii) By the system of Subsidiary Alliance. Laxmi Bai ? Why did Rani Laxmi Bai become a bitter enemy of the British ? (iii) By adopting the Doctrine of lapse. (iv) On the pretext of alleged misrule. Ans. Lord Dalhousie used the policy of “The Doctrine of Lapse” against Rani Laxmi Bai. The application of the Doctrine of Lapse, 5. What was the Subsidiary Allinace ? Or aroused a great discontentment to Rani of Jhansi when after the Name the method adopted by the British to bring the Indian death of the ruler of Jhansi, their adopted son Anand Rao was States under their control without actually annexing them. not recognised as a legitimate successor to the throne. Ans. Subsidiary Alliance : Some Indian States were brought under 9. State two announcements which adversely affected the the British control without actually annexing them. This was Mughal dynasty in India. 1 Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th 2 https://www.arundeepselfhelp.info Ans. In 1856, Lord Canning announced that after the death of Bahadur social discrimination followed by the British in India. Shah Zafar, his successors would not be allowed to use the Ans. (i) British continued their policy of ‘divide and rule’. imperial titles and dignities with their names. (ii) They believed in their racial superiority and they thought 10. Mention any two consequences of the annexation of Awadh. that a distance was to be maintained to preserve their Ans. authority over Indians. (i) The people of Awadh had to pay higher land revenue and additional (iii) They cleverly used the attractions of Government service taxes on food, houses, ferries and justice. to create a split along religious lines among educated Indians. (ii) Nawab of Awadh’s army and administration threw thousands of 16. Give an example to show how the British exploited resources nobles, officials and soldiers out of jobs. of India. 11. State any two consequences of the disbanding of the armies Ans. India was forced to export at cheaper rates raw materials like of the annexed States by the British. raw cotton and raw silk as duty free to British industries. Ans. The dissolution of the Nawab of Awadh’s army and administration 17. Give any two grievances of the peasantry against the threw thousands of nobles, officials and soldiers out of jobs. British ? The British confiscated the estates of the taluqdars or zamindars. Ans. (i) The peasants were discontented with the official land The dispossessed taluqdars became the opponents of the British revenue policy and the consequent loss of their land. rule. (ii) It was the peasantry that bore the heavy burden of exorbitant 12. Give the meaning of absentee sovereignty. Why was it taxes to provide money for the trade and profits of the resented by the Indians ? company, the cost of administration and the wars of British Ans. Absentee Sovereignty : It means that India was being ruled by expansion in India. the British government from England, at a distance of thousands 18. What did the British do to reduce the landed aristocracy to of miles. poverty? The Indians felt that India’s wealth was being drained to England Ans. The British economic exploitation, decay of indigenous industries, and not utilised for their welfare. high taxation, the drain of wealth, stagnation of agriculture and 13. What were the apprehensions of Indians about the exploitation of poor peasants reduced the landed aristocracy to introduction of the railways? poverty. Ans. The introduction of Railways proved to be a major important 19. What was the provision of the General Service Enlistment religious factor that paved a way to the uprising of Revolt of Act which was resented by the Indian soldiers ? Why was 1857. It was looked down upon as a means to break social it resented ? order and caste rules. People of all castes has to sit together in Ans. Lord Canning passed the General Enlistment Act. The Act caused railway compartments. This was regarded as an attempt to bitterness among the sepoys, as it bound them to be sent to fight interfere with the caste rules. to an overseas front. Act was contrary to their religious beliefs. 14. Mention any two social reforms advocated by the British Political, Social and Economic atmosphere was conductive for which affected the religious traditions of the Indian people. an outbreak, but it could not erupt as long as the Indian soliders were loyal to the English. Though above mentioned military Ans. Sati system and no permission to widows for re-marriage was causes roused discontentment among the sepoys as well, who prevailing in the society. started the revolt. The British Government passed the Widow Re-marriage Act in 20. Mention any two grievances harboured by the Indian soldiers 1856 and Sati system was declared illegal by passing an Act. which created an atmosphere favourable to the First War 15. Mention any three measures which point to the policy of of Independence. 3 Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th Arundeep’s Total History & Civics-10th 4 https://www.arundeepselfhelp.info Ans. (i) All higher posts were reserved for the British in employment. the Mughal dynasty came to an end. Nana Saheb, the last Peshwa, An Indian soldier could not rise above the rank of Subedar.
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