A Survey on Profound Cultural Diversities and Distinguishability of China
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Shang Dynasty
misterfengshui.com 風水先生 History of China ANCIENT 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors Xia Dynasty 2100–1600 BC Shang Dynasty 1600–1046 BC Zhou Dynasty 1122–256 BC Western Zhou Eastern Zhou Spring and Autumn Period Warring States Period IMPERIAL Qin Dynasty 221 BC–206 BC Han Dynasty 206 BC–220 AD Western Han Xin Dynasty Eastern Han Three Kingdoms 220–280 Wei, Shu & Wu Jin Dynasty 265–420 Western Jin 16 Kingdoms Eastern Jin 304–439 Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589 Sui Dynasty 581–618 Tang Dynasty 618–907 ( Second Zhou 690–705 ) 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 907–960 Liao Dynasty 907–1125 Song Dynasty 960–1279 Northern Song Xi Xia Southern Song Jin Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368 Ming Dynasty 1368–1644 Qing Dynasty 1644–1911 MODERN Republic of China 1912–1949 People's Republic of China (Mainland China) 1949–present Republic of China (Taiwan) 1945-present from Wilkipedia [email protected] Fax: 852-2873-6859 misterfengshui.com 風水先生 Timeline of Chinese History The recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese characters. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BC.[1] Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) valley. 221 BC is commonly accepted to be the year in which China became unified under a large kingdom or empire. In that year, Qin Shi Huang first united China. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to control increasingly larger territory that reached maximum under the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchurian Qing Dynasty. -
The Heart of the Dragon Ensemble Is a UK-Based Professional Chinese Musicians' Group That Holds Regular Concerts and Educational Programmes Throughout the UK
HEART OF THE DRAGON ENSEMBLE The Heart of the Dragon Ensemble is a UK-based professional Chinese musicians' group that holds regular concerts and educational programmes throughout the UK. Apart from playing traditional and classical Chinese music, the group also creates new compositions and productions. The Ensemble was founded and is led by composer and producer Jiang Li. Widely acclaimed as a composer of the new generation in the UK as well as in mainland China, and with a performing and composing career spanning more than thirty years, Jiang Li has produced a repertoire rich in Chinese music with Western influences. Jiang Li has been awarded a Fellowship Programme from NESTA - the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. He was also one of three finalists for a Pearl Award in the Creative Excellence category. Here, Jiang Li and the Heart of the Dragon Ensemble present the music of a variety of Chinese festivals celebrated throughout the Chinese calendar. A note from the producer Music is an expression of spiritual emotions. Looking back at Chinese history, it is not difficult to find that festivals and music are integrated and have evolved together. When music, dance and street arts add cultural colour to the festival, the festival provides an opportunity for these art forms to flourish. Included in this album is a good selection of such music that tell the stories of Chinese festivals: the drum beats for the dragon boat race in the Dragon Boat festival (“Three Dragons”), the lyrical tunes between the erhu and xiao on Chinese Valentine’s day (“Valentine Melody” & “Moonlight on Spring Water”), the harvest drums during the Mid-Autumn festival (“Autumn Celebration”), and the smooth ‘water-flow’-like melodies of the guzheng depicting ancient mythical stories (“Four Pieces of Silk”). -
Phonological Regularity of Written Phonetic Elements in Modern Mandarin
Phonological Regularity of Written Phonetic Elements in Modern Mandarin by Stephen M. Kraemer American English Institute University of Oregon [email protected] © Copyright 2011 Stephen M. Kraemer Phonetic Compound (形声字xingshengzi) • A “signific” part, which indicates meaning • plus • A “phonetic” part which indicates sound • 妈 [ma1] = 女 (female) + 马 [ma3] The Mandarin Syllable • A syllable in Modern Standard Mandarin • Consists of: • An initial • A final • A tone The Final • The final can also be broken down into a medial (vowel), a nucleus (vowel) and an ending (vowel or consonant) • Final = (M)N(E) Mandarin Consonants Source: Labial Labio- Dental Alveolar Alveo- Palatal Velar Kratochvil dental palatal (1968:25) stop p, p’ t, t’ k, k’ nasal m n (ŋ) fricative f s ʂ, ʐ(r) ɕ x lateral l affricate ts, ts’ tʂ, tʂ’ tɕ, tɕ’ Mandarin Vowels i ʅ i y(ü) u e ə ɤ o ɛ a ɑ Source: Cheng(1973:12) Background Literature • Xu Shen–說 文 解 字Shuo Wen Jie Zi (2nd cent. A.D.) • Soothill-1911 • Karlgren-1916, 1923a, 1923b, 1926, 1940, 1949, 1958 • Wieger-1927/1965 • Astor-1970 • Zhou Youguang-周有光 1978,1980, 2003 • Kraemer-1980, 1991a, 1991b • DeFrancis-1984 • Alber-1986, 1989 周有光 Zhou Youguang (1980) 汉字声旁读音便查 Hanzi shengpang duyin biancha ( A handy look up for the pronunciation of phonetics in Chinese characters) • Zhou analyzes characters in the Xin Hua Zidian (1971) based on Phonetic elements and sets up three categories of phonetic compound characters based on the similarity of the phonetic compound to the pronunciation of the phonetic itself. • The 3 categories are: • (1) Same pronunciation (同音 Tong yin), including same or different tones • (2) Similar pronunciation (半同音 Ban tong yin) (similar phonemes) • (3) Different pronunciation( 异 音 Yi yin) (not as similar to the original phonetic pronunciation) John DeFrancis (1984) • DeFrancis also sets up three categories of phonetic compound characters based on the similarity of the phonetic compound to the pronunciation of the phonetic itself. -
The Creative Artist: a Journal of Theatre and Media Studies, Vol 13, 2, 2017
The Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies, Vol 13, 2, 2017 MANDARIN CHINESE PINYIN: PRONUNCIATION, ORTHOGRAPHY AND TONE Sunny Ifeanyi Odinye, PhD Department of Igbo, African and Asian Studies Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Pinyin is essential and most fundamental knowledge for all serious learners of Mandarin Chinese. If students are learning Mandarin Chinese, no matter if they are beginners or advanced learners, they should be aware of paramount importance of Pinyin. Good knowledge in Pinyin can greatly help students express themselves more clearly; it can also help them in achieving better listening and reading comprehension. Before learning how to read, write, or pronounce Chinese characters, students must learn pinyin first. This study aims at highlighting the importance of Pinyin and its usage in Mandarin for any students learning Mandarin Chinese. The research work adopts descriptive research method. The work is divided into introduction, body and conclusion. 1. INTRODUCTION Pinyin (spelled sounds) has vastly increased literacy throughout China and beyond; eased the classroom agonies of foreigners studying Mandarin Chinese; afforded the blind a way to read the language in Braille; facilitated the rapid entry of Chinese on computer keyboards and cell phones. "About one billion Chinese citizens have mastered pinyin, which plays an important role in both Chinese language education and international communication," said Wang Dengfeng, vice-chairman of the National Language Committee and director of language department of the Education Ministry. "Hanyu Pinyin not only belongs to China but also belongs to the world. It is now everywhere in our daily lives," Wang said, "Pinyin will continue playing an important role in the modernization of China." (Xinhua News, 2008). -
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04
Tea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04 Tea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods. "Tea" also refers to the aromatic beverage prepared from the cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water,[1] and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely-consumed beverage in the world.[2] It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavour which many enjoy.[3] The four types of tea most commonly found on the market are black tea, oolong tea, green tea and white tea,[4] all of which can be made from the same bushes, processed differently, and in the case of fine white tea grown differently. Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented tea, is also often classified as amongst the most popular types of tea.[5] Green Tea leaves in a Chinese The term "herbal tea" usually refers to an infusion or tisane of gaiwan. leaves, flowers, fruit, herbs or other plant material that contains no Camellia sinensis.[6] The term "red tea" either refers to an infusion made from the South African rooibos plant, also containing no Camellia sinensis, or, in Chinese, Korean, Japanese and other East Asian languages, refers to black tea. Contents 1 Traditional Chinese Tea Cultivation and Technologies 2 Processing and classification A tea bush. 3 Blending and additives 4 Content 5 Origin and history 5.1 Origin myths 5.2 China 5.3 Japan 5.4 Korea 5.5 Taiwan 5.6 Thailand 5.7 Vietnam 5.8 Tea spreads to the world 5.9 United Kingdom Plantation workers picking tea in 5.10 United States of America Tanzania. -
Traditional Festival As a Tourism Event- Stakeholders' Influence On
Traditional Festival as a Tourism Event: Stakeholders’ Influence on the Dynamics of the Sendai Tanabata Festival in Japan YUJIE SHEN JAP4693 - Master’s Thesis in Modern Japan Master’s programme 30 credits Autumn 2020 Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages (IKOS) University of Oslo December 15, 2020 Summary A new method of analyzing traditional Japanese festivals (matsuri) based on event studies is presented. Stakeholders’ influence and their interactions redefine narratives of tradition. In Japan, the urbanization of society has transformed matsuri into tourism-oriented events. However, the influence of touristification on tradition has not yet been fully explored. This paper offers a close examination of a case study about the dynamics of the Sendai Tanabata Festival. Local newspaper archives were used as the primary source and adopted the stake- holder theory and social exchange theory from event studies to examine stakeholders’ power and interests, as well as their relationships. The results discovered that it is the conflicts of festival stakeholders throughout the years that shaped the Sendai Tanabata Festival to what it is like today. Although festival organizers and local residents are key players, both domestic and foreign tourists’ influence should also not be neglected. The inheritance of traditional cul- ture depends on its original community i.e. local residents. Depopulation and aging social problems have shifted the weight of festival ownership to tourists, as they contribute to the economic revitalization and regional development. As a result, festival organizers tend to tai- lor the festival to tourists’ tastes, which often leads to change or loss of tradition’s original festive meaning or the invention of a new tradition. -
Book Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays
Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition)(Chinese Edition) \ PDF \ GIAIAMYFJS Ch inese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Y outh Edition)(Ch inese Edition) By BEI SONG ) SHEN KUO paperback. Condition: New. Ship out in 2 business day, And Fast shipping, Free Tracking number will be provided after the shipment.Paperback. Pub Date: 2012 Pages: 279 Language: Chinese Publisher: Hubei Fine Arts Publishing House National College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition) Shen Kuo set various studies in one of the masterpiece. a book about 1086 to 1093. including three parts of writing. fill the conversation by writing. continued writing . a total of 609. Covering astronomy. calendar. weather. geology. geography. physics. chemistry. biology. agriculture. water conservancy. construction. medicine. history. literature. art. personnel. military. legal and many other areas. Such information has important reference value for studying the Northern Song Dynasty social. political. technological. economic aspects. Xu Lang written in this book excerpt wonderful. and with reference to the results of other collation. be the translation of comments. Contents: Volume I story one dressed degree of contention the Huai hall orpiment change the word Volume II Story Two cases of cervical granted South Course Officer Volume III. a Jun Stone. dialectical Stone Yang Sui illuminated object state solution salt marshes no fixed river sand vanilla steel-making provision of beetle wine the Po Lo Weights and Measures papers dialectical two the... READ ONLINE [ 1.17 MB ] Reviews A whole new e book with a new point of view. This is certainly for all those who statte there had not been a well worth looking at. -
A Case Study of Adoption of a Mixed Teaching Mode in the Teaching of English-Chinese Translation Course
Chinese Studies, 2021, 10, 31-41 https://www.scirp.org/journal/chnstd ISSN Online: 2168-541X ISSN Print: 2168-5428 A Case Study of Adoption of a Mixed Teaching Mode in the Teaching of English-Chinese Translation Course Zhiling Wu, Yongqing Guo, Jianjun Wang* Foreign Languages College, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China How to cite this paper: Wu, Z. L., Guo, Y. Abstract Q., & Wang, J. J. (2021). A Case Study of Adoption of a Mixed Teaching Mode in the This paper explores the application of Task-Based Learning (TBL), Collabor- Teaching of English-Chinese Translation ative-Inquiry Model (CIM) + MOOCs mixed teaching mode in the teaching Course. Chinese Studies, 10, 31-41. of “English-Chinese translation” course. When accomplishing learning tasks https://doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2021.101003 by groups, students are driven to carry out collaborative learning before class. Received: November 19, 2020 Students feel compelled to complete specific learning tasks in the form of group Accepted: January 30, 2021 cooperation assigned by the teacher through two quality MOOC courses be- Published: February 2, 2021 fore class. In the case of this translation course, students are required to gain an insight into certain differences between English and Chinese before class Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and from the level of the syntactic structure to that of the semantic meaning. The Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative teacher carefully designs the overall learning task and group learning tasks to Commons Attribution International ultimately achieve one of the teaching goals of enabling students to introduce License (CC BY 4.0). -
Teahouses and the Tea Art: a Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Teahouses and the Tea Art: A Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition LI Jie Master's Thesis in East Asian Culture and History (EAST4591 – 60 Credits – Autumn 2015) Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages Faculty of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 24 November, 2015 © LI Jie 2015 Teahouses and the Tea Art: A Study on the Current Trend of Tea Culture in China and the Changes in Tea Drinking Tradition LI Jie http://www.duo.uio.no Print: University Print Center, University of Oslo II Summary The subject of this thesis is tradition and the current trend of tea culture in China. In order to answer the following three questions “ whether the current tea culture phenomena can be called “tradition” or not; what are the changes in tea cultural tradition and what are the new features of the current trend of tea culture; what are the endogenous and exogenous factors which influenced the change in the tea drinking tradition”, I did literature research from ancient tea classics and historical documents to summarize the development history of Chinese tea culture, and used two month to do fieldwork on teahouses in Xi’an so that I could have a clear understanding on the current trend of tea culture. It is found that the current tea culture is inherited from tradition and changed with social development. Tea drinking traditions have become more and more popular with diverse forms. -
Masterpiece Era Puerh GLOBAL EA HUT Contentsissue 83 / December 2018 Tea & Tao Magazine Blue藍印 Mark
GL BAL EA HUT Tea & Tao Magazine 國際茶亭 December 2018 紅 印 藍 印印 級 Masterpiece Era Puerh GLOBAL EA HUT ContentsIssue 83 / December 2018 Tea & Tao Magazine Blue藍印 Mark To conclude this amazing year, we will be explor- ing the Masterpiece Era of puerh tea, from 1949 to 1972. Like all history, understanding the eras Love is of puerh provides context for today’s puerh pro- duction. These are the cakes producers hope to changing the world create. And we are, in fact, going to drink a com- memorative cake as we learn! bowl by bowl Features特稿文章 37 A Brief History of Puerh Tea Yang Kai (楊凱) 03 43 Masterpiece Era: Red Mark Chen Zhitong (陳智同) 53 Masterpiece Era: Blue Mark Chen Zhitong (陳智同) 37 31 Traditions傳統文章 03 Tea of the Month “Blue Mark,” 2000 Sheng Puerh, Yunnan, China 31 Gongfu Teapot Getting Started in Gongfu Tea By Shen Su (聖素) 53 61 TeaWayfarer Gordon Arkenberg, USA © 2018 by Global Tea Hut 藍 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re- produced, stored in a retrieval system 印 or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the copyright owner. n December,From the weather is much cooler in Taiwan.the We This is an excitingeditor issue for me. I have always wanted to are drinking Five Element blends, shou puerh and aged find a way to take us on a tour of the eras of puerh. Puerh sheng. Occasionally, we spice things up with an aged from before 1949 is known as the “Antique Era (號級茶時 oolong or a Cliff Tea. -
The Role of Experts and Scholars in Community Conflict Resolution: A
Negotiation and Conflict Management Research The Role of Experts and Scholars in Community Conflict Resolution: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cases in China Lihua Yang School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China Keywords Abstract case study, cross-culture, community conflict resolution, In this article, I draw from two case studies to explore the role of experts experts, scholars, trust chain. and scholars (ES), as a special third party, in community conflict resolu- tion in contemporary China. Findings include that local ES are more Correspondence likely to play the roles as leaders, organizers of farmers, and as agents of Lihua Yang, School of government. Nonlocal ES are more likely to play the roles as information Government, The Leo KoGuan providers and as pure self-interest pursuers. This study also reveals that, Building, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing although their knowledge and information are important, knowledge and 100871, China; e-mails: information are only preconditions for ES’s participation. Their social [email protected]; capital–rather than the knowledge and information they possess–differen- [email protected]. tiates the effectiveness of their participation in governance and the facili- tation of community conflict resolution. Local ES with high social capital doi: 10.1111/ncmr.12134 are more effective in governance and facilitating community conflict res- olution than nonlocal ES without high social capital. Introduction Conflicts are one of the key issues challenging social governance. Among the studies on conflict, the research on community conflict resolution in social governance is definitely an important subject (e.g., Amy, 1987; Avruch, Black, & Scimecca, 1991; Cairns, 1992; Dukes, 2004; Emerson, Orr, Keyes, & McKinght, 2009; Jeong, 2008; Kriesberg, 1998; Magid, 1967; Pruitt & Kim, 2004; Rabbie, 1994; Stephen- son & Pops, 1989; Zubek, Pruitt, McGillicuddy, Peirce, & Syna, 1992). -
I Ideology of Power and Power of Ideology in Early China
i Ideology of Power and Power of Ideology in Early China © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2015 | doi 10.1163/9789004299337_001 ii Sinica Leidensia Edited by Barend J. ter Haar Maghiel van Crevel In co-operation with P.K. Bol, D.R. Knechtges, E.S. Rawski, W.L. Idema, H.T. Zurndorfer VOLUME 124 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sinl iii Ideology of Power and Power of Ideology in Early China Edited by Yuri Pines Paul R. Goldin Martin Kern LEIDEN | BOSTON iv Cover illustration: Tripod cooking vessel with lid (ding), late 6th century bc, (Eastern Zhou dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, 770–ca. 470 bc) Bronze, h. 23.0 cm., w. 27.0 cm., d. 21.0 cm. (9 1/16 × 10 5/8 × 8 1/4 in.). Museum purchase from the C.D. Carter Collection, by subscription. y1965-24 a-b. Photo: © Princeton University Art Museum, Image courtesy of Princeton University Art Museum. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ideology of power and power of ideology in early China / edited by Yuri Pines, Paul R. Goldin, Martin Kern. pages cm. -- (Sinica Leidensia, ISSN 0169-9563 ; volume 124) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-29929-0 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-29933-7 (e-book) 1. Political science--China--History--To 1500. 2. Power (Social sciences)--China--History-- To 1500. 3. Ideology--Political aspects--China--History--To 1500. 4. Political culture--China-- History--To 1500. 5. China--Politics and government--To 221 B.C. 6. China--Politics and government--221 B.C.-960 A.D.