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The Policy Strategy of Utilization of Coastal Area Resource in South Bangka Regency

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The Policy Strategy of Utilization of Coastal Area Resource in South Bangka Regency Advances in Engineering Research, volume 167 International Conference on Maritime and Archipelago (ICoMA 2018) The Policy Strategy of Utilization of Coastal Area Resource In South Bangka Regency Endang Bidayani Sujadmi AgusHartoko Acuaculture Department, Faculty of Politics Department, Marine Science Department, Faculty Agriculture Fisheries and Biology Faculty of Politic and Social of Agriculture Fisheries and Biology University of Bangka Belitung University of Bangka Belitung University of Bangka Belitung Pangkalpinang, Indonesia Pangkalpinang, Indonesia Pangkalpinang, Indonesia Abstract-Coastal area resources that open access and 2). Recommendations on alternative government regime cause problem in its utilization, not least in South policy strategies in an effort to regulate the use of coastal Bangka Regency. The aim of this research is to formulate and marine resources in South Bangka Regency. alternative policy of coastal resource utilization between local fishermen and migrant fishermen. The method in this research is survey method. The results of the research, several II. CITATION AND REFERENCE LIST policy alternatives include: developing marine tourism, Fakih defines society as a system that consists of parts improving fishing technology, developing Sadai industrial that are interrelated and each part continuously seeks estates, and increasing the number of fisheries extension balance (equilibrium) and harmony. Soekanto (2010)[2] workers. society is a group of people who live together who produce Key word–policy, utilization, resources, coastal area culture. Culture is the whole system of ideas, actions, and I. INTRODUCTION human works to fulfill their needs by learning, all of which are arranged in the life of society (Koentjaraningrat, 1986) Coastal area is an open access resource that does not [3]. have ownership status. Thus institutional (rule of the game) According to Dahuri (2010)[4], coastal communities are in utilizing coastal areas is difficult to enforce. For this people who live and live in coastal areas. This region is a reason, exploitation activities in coastal areas can cause transitional region that marks the place of movement environmental damage problems. In addition, coastal between land and sea regions. resources are generally also common-pool resources, Coastal communities are a group of people who live in meaning of the magnitude that access to these resources is coastal areas who live together and fulfill their living needs difficult to control (non excludable) and utilization by from resources in coastal areas (Prianto, 2005)[5]. someone is to reduce the opportunity of others to utilize Greenberg (2005)[6] defines cohesiveness as feeling in [1] these resources (subtractable) (Bidayani, 2015) . togetherness among group members. Meanwhile, South Bangka Regency is one of the coastal areas that according to Robbins (2001)[7], cohesiveness is the extent has 51 small islands with an area of 10,640 km2 of sea and to which members feel attracted to each other and are a coastline of 350 Km. The potential of capture fisheries in motivated to remain in the group. this district is 64,000 tons / year. This has caused fishermen Gibson (2003)[8], cohesiveness is the strength of the from outside the South Bangka Regency to catch fish and interest of members who remain in the group rather than form migrant communities in coastal villages in this other groups. district. Concerns about the emergence of conflicts over the Forsyth (1999)[9] defines cohesiveness as Unity that is use of fish resources among local fishermen and migrant interwoven in groups, enjoys interaction with one another, fishermen, so that the local government needs to conduct a and has a certain time to be together and there is a high study as a basis for determining regulations in the future. level of enthusiasm. Cohesiveness is the desire of each Another conflict of interest, is between fishermen and member to maintain their membership in the group, which immigrants, namely floating illegal tin miners (TI) is is supported by a number of independent forces, but many operating in the coastal areas of South Bangka Regency. are more focused on interest among members (Festinger, The conflict occurred in April 2018, and even heated up, Schater, & Back, 1950)[10]. with the culmination of a burning of the floating IT According to Forysth (1999) there are four factors that pontoons owned by miners by the community of Suka influence cohesiveness, namely social force, group unity, Damai Village, Toboali Sub-district. With the various attraction, and teamwork. conflicts that exist, it is appropriate that the government Qualitative research is a research that is intended to establish regulations that regulate the use of coastal reveal an empirical fact objectively scientifically based on resources in the region of South Bangka Regency. scientific logic, procedures and supported by strong This study aims as follows: 1). Assessing the socio- methodology and theory in accordance with scientific cultural characteristics of local and migrant communities discipline (Mukhtar, 2013)[11]. Furthermore Silalahi (2010) domiciled in coastal villages in South Bangka Regency; [12] suggested that descriptive research is a research that Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 62 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 167 aims to describe precisely the characteristics of a particular gear such as trawling and illegal tin mining (TI) in areas condition or phenomenon to determine the frequency of the that are fishing grounds by local fishermen. spread of a particular phenomenon or relationship in The majority of local people in coastal villages enter society. fishing organizations. Through these organizations, fishermen receive assistance from government programs. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This is different from migrant fishermen, who are not Communities in South Bangka Regency consist of local communities and migrant communities. Social included in the organization. So that it does not get help Characteristics of the South Bangka Coastal Communitya. from government programs. Composition of local and migrant coastal communities are Community social stratification refers to: Malay, Bugis, Palembang, Lampung and others. 1) Status of ethnic clans; Referring to the clan system that Communities that occupy villages in the coastal areas develops especially in Bugis ethnic communities of South Bangka Regency are dominated by local 2) Economic size (fisherman social class); Divided into communities or indigenous people of the Bangka tribe, three social classes, namely fishermen, independent with an average percentage reaching 80 percent of the total fishermen, and financiers population. While the remaining 20 percent are migrants who are majority from Bugis. The general condition of the Bangka Belitung Social processes that occur tend to be associative community is still thick with the feel of tin mining. Tin (internal groups) and tend to lead to dissociation (external mining, which has dominated the land area of Bangka groups), still based on ethnicity Belitung, has now begun to penetrate the sea area. As an Social interaction between local communities and archipelago, Bangka Belitung jam is known as a tin mining migrant communities has not been well established. As a area, of course it is also known as the producer of abundant result of the research, the majority of migrant communities marine resources. Fisherman profession is the main live in groups of ethnic groups, such as Bugis who live in livelihood for coastal areas in this area. groups among the Bugis. Even in Suka Damai Village, in The main workforce of the majority of the coastal one village there are three designations, namely Suka communities in South Bangka Regency consists of Damai Ujung, Suka Damai Kampung Bugis and the fishermen and farmers / planters, with a ratio of 60: 40%. Peaceful of Kampung Tengah. This indicates that the Average side work by opening a business in the trade community has been compartmentalized. sector) trade / open a stall / appear homestay / sea taxi / etc. Grouping is not only in the place of community In the Dutch era sea transportation was the main advice domicile, but also in the livelihoods of the people. Based that was best used to trade agricultural produce, thus on livelihoods, there was a distribution of fishing gear forming various centers of economic growth in coastal [13] usage. In Tanjung Sangkar Village, Lepar Pongok areas (Mulyadi, 2005) . Subdistrict, the Bugis migrant community has a livelihood The majority of coastal communities in South Bangka as a bagan fisherman, while local fishermen use other Regency are ethnic Bangka (local communities) and Bugis fishing tools, such as millennial nets, and other fishing (igrant communities). The composition of ethnic Bangka gear. and Bugis varies between regions, but ranges from 80: In traditional activities, migrant communities also 20%. Customary events carried out by local communities cannot mingle with local communities. All respondents include taking part in the religious holidays of Muslims, from both the Bangka tribe and the Bugis tribe said that if such as Maulid, Isra Miraj and ruwahan. Another traditional activities were carried out separately (not traditional program is a thanksgiving (salvation) for together). For example, local people carry out customary abundant sea products. The implementation
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