NARRATIVES of DESIRE: GENDER and SEXUALITY in BUGUL, AIDOO, and CHIZIANE by MEYRE IVONE SANTANA DA SILVA a DISSERTATION Presente

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NARRATIVES of DESIRE: GENDER and SEXUALITY in BUGUL, AIDOO, and CHIZIANE by MEYRE IVONE SANTANA DA SILVA a DISSERTATION Presente NARRATIVES OF DESIRE: GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN BUGUL, AIDOO, AND CHIZIANE by MEYRE IVONE SANTANA DA SILVA A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Comparative Literature and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2013 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva Title: Narratives of Desire: Gender and Sexuality in Bugul, Aidoo, and Chiziane This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Comparative Literature by: Lisa Gilman Chairperson Karen McPherson Core Member Sangita Gopal Core Member Irmary Reyes-Santos Core Member David Vazquez Institutional Representative and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2013 ii © 2013 Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva Doctor of Philosophy Department of Comparative Literature June 2013 Title: Narratives of Desire: Gender and Sexuality in Bugul, Aidoo, and Chiziane Colonial narratives and nationalist rhetoric in Africa have always associated female sexuality with male desire and consumption, aberrance, or perversion. While historical narratives suggested that native women’s bodies should be tamed and possessed, African nationalist narratives usually equated female bodies with land, nature, and spirituality. In different ways, both colonialists and nationalists appropriated the female body and sexuality to convey ideologies concerning the conquest of distant lands or related to the dignity of the colonized people. This dissertation examines how African women writers’ representation of female desire counternarrates colonialist and nationalist tales while disturbing gender conventions and defying social norms in African contexts. By using feminist theories, cultural studies, and postcolonial theory, I examine the ways that Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes: A Love Story, Paulina Chiziane’s Niketche: Uma Historia de Poligamia, and Ken Bugul’s Le Baobab Fou reveal female sexuality while simultaneously subverting discourses that often define female bodies as sexual objects or as spiritual entities— as the Mother Africa, a trope widespread in the speeches of the Negritude movement. Through the analysis of these literary works, I present how these African women writers have used discursive strategies about female desire to demonstrate the consequences of the colonial encounter and post-independence policies iv on neo-colonial women’s bodies and minds as well as to reveal the exclusion of women’s voices from national affairs. These works not only confront history but also interrogate the role of literature and the work of art. Through their literary works, Bugul, Chiziane, and Aidoo bring to literature characteristics of African arts, reinventing the literary in order to forge a medium that is able to give sense to African women’s experience. v CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene Pontificia University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Comparative Literature, 2013, University of Oregon Master of Arts, Social History, 2007, Pontificia Universidade de São Paulo Master of Arts, Literature, 2003, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Bachelor of Arts, 2004, Universidade do Estado da Bahia AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Postcolonial Literature and Theory Gender in African Literature PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Lecturer, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2004-2006 Lecturer, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 1995-2008 GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Fulbright, 2008-2012 Capes, Ministry of Education/ Brazil, 2008-2012 Graduate School, University of Oregon, 2012-2013 PUBLICATIONS: Da Silva, Meyre. “The Linguistic Debate in African Literatures.” Revista Africa. Universidade de São Paulo: São Paulo, 2010, 175-186 Da Silva, Meyre. “No Sweetness Here de Ama Ata Aidoo.” Quem tem medo de Feminismos? Braga, Portugal, 2009, 372-379. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the members of my dissertation committee, Professors Lisa Gilman, Karen McPherson, Sangita Gopal, David Vazquez and Irmary Reyes-Santos for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. I would like to thank Fulbright and Capes/Brazil for sponsoring my doctoral studies from 2008 to 2012, and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon for granting me an award for the academic year 2012-2013. My gratitude goes to Mia Tuan, Associate Dean of the Graduate School, for her inspiration, patience, thoughtfulness, and generosity. I am indebted to my husband Sergio da Silva, without whom this project would not have been possible. I cannot thank Sergio enough for his self-sacrificing care and support. I also thank my child, Aman, whose smile has always filled my life with joy. vii To Yvone Bispo Santana and Maria dos Santos Bispo (in memoriam) whose spirits and strength have nurtured me over the years. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION: WRITING ALTERNATIVE STORIES, RE-IMAGINING HISTORY ................................................................................................................. 1 Historical Trends: The Female Body in Colonial and Nationalist Discourses ...... 4 Influences and Departures: Feminisms, African Feminisms, the misovire ........... 9 Chapter Summaries ................................................................................................ 16 II. MAIS QUELLE IDENTITE? FEMALE BODY, MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN LE BAOBAB FOU ............................................................................................ 19 Colonized Body/Deteriorated Self ......................................................................... 23 “Ken Bugul se Souvient” ....................................................................................... 36 The Absent Mother ................................................................................................ 50 Returning to the Baobab ........................................................................................ 57 III. ARE YOU AN AFRICAN WOMAN? FEMALE DESIRE AND MODERNITY IN AIDOO’S CHANGES: A LOVE STORY .......................................................... 60 The Impact of Colonial Education on Esi’s Identity ............................................. 62 “But What Is an AfricanWoman?” ........................................................................ 72 Fusena’s Invisibility: The Other Side of Polygamy ............................................... 83 Asexual Opokuya? ................................................................................................. 87 Bittersweet Polygamy ............................................................................................ 96 IV. RETHINKING SEXUALITY AND WOMANHOOD IN CHIZIANE’S NIKETCHE ............................................................................................................ 98 Niketche: A Dance of Freedom .............................................................................. 100 Learning How to Dance ......................................................................................... 104 Reinventing Polygamy ........................................................................................... 116 ix Chapter Page Challenging Colonial Education and Portuguese Language .................................. 123 Rami Inscribes Culture on Her Body ..................................................................... 129 V. CONCLUSION: HEALING THEMSELVES, SOOTHING US ........................... 136 APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................... 142 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................ 145 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: WRITING ALTERNATIVE STORIES, RE-IMAGINING HISTORY If anything I do in the way of writing (or whatever I write) isn’t about the village or the community or about you, then it is not about anything. I am not interested in indulging myself in some private, closed exercise of my imagination that fulfills only the obligation of my personal dreams – which is to say yes, the work must be political. It must have that as its thrust. That’s a pejorative term in critical circles now: If a work of art has any political influence in it, somehow it’s tainted. My feeling is just the opposite: if it has none, it is tainted … It seems to me that the best art is political and you ought to be able to make it unquestionably political and irrevocably beautiful at the same time. (Toni Morrison, Rootedness, 345). In her essay “Rootedness: The Ancestor as Foundation,” African American writer, Nobel Laureate, Toni Morrison affirms that her literary work has been directed to a specific community. She suggests that literature not only educates, informs, and soothes the American black community, it also undoes stereotypes created over the course of history. Thus, literature forges new myths through which a people are able to re-imagine themselves. Morrison’s literary works enable Black Americans to see represented their cultural values, their songs and rhythms,
Recommended publications
  • The Poetics of Relationality: Mobility, Naming, and Sociability in Southeastern Senegal by Nikolas Sweet a Dissertation Submitte
    The Poetics of Relationality: Mobility, Naming, and Sociability in Southeastern Senegal By Nikolas Sweet A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee Professor Judith Irvine, chair Associate Professor Michael Lempert Professor Mike McGovern Professor Barbra Meek Professor Derek Peterson Nikolas Sweet [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3957-2888 © 2019 Nikolas Sweet This dissertation is dedicated to Doba and to the people of Taabe. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The field work conducted for this dissertation was made possible with generous support from the National Science Foundation’s Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant, the Wenner-Gren Foundation’s Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and the University of Michigan Rackham International Research Award. Many thanks also to the financial support from the following centers and institutes at the University of Michigan: The African Studies Center, the Department of Anthropology, Rackham Graduate School, the Department of Afroamerican and African Studies, the Mellon Institute, and the International Institute. I wish to thank Senegal’s Ministère de l'Education et de la Recherche for authorizing my research in Kédougou. I am deeply grateful to the West African Research Center (WARC) for hosting me as a scholar and providing me a welcoming center in Dakar. I would like to thank Mariane Wade, in particular, for her warmth and support during my intermittent stays in Dakar. This research can be seen as a decades-long interest in West Africa that began in the Peace Corps in 2006-2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Ken Bugul Interview, Top of Mind
    LINGUA ROMANA VOL 14, ISSUE 1 RADIO INTERVIEW Ken Bugul: A Celebrated African Novelist on Migration and Identity Julie Rose BYU Radio Top of Mind SUMMARY Radio interview, originally aired 29 March 2018 JULIE ROSE: This is Top of Mind. I’m Julie Rose. If you look at the list of countries whose citizens have left for other places over the last decade, Syria’s immigrant population has grown the fastest worldwide. The rest of the top ten countries with fastest growing rates of immigration are all in Africa. So, it’s not too surprising that migration was something Ken Bugul spoke passionately about during her recent visit to our studio as a guest of BYU’s Africana Studies program. Ken Bugul is from Senegal. She is one of French-speaking Africa’s most celebrated authors. Her writing deals with independence, loss, inequality, and identity. Her next novel is about migration. It’s unfortunate that only one of her books has been translated into English because there’s a lot Ken Bugul wishes we in the West understood. KEN BUGUL: A lot of things to understand about Africa. I think that Africa is not well known, particularly in the Western world. Africa is not a country, it’s a big continent – huge continent – and even though we have been through… Colonization is a big issue during centuries for some countries like Senegal, by France and England – and mostly older countries, even Germany and Holland, and all those European countries – colonization was already a big mess, which even after we get independences, still we have the consequences in our mentality, in our behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Langue Et Langage Litteraires Chez Ken Bugul
    LANGUE ET LANGAGE LITTERAIRES CHEZ KEN BUGUL – TECHNIQUES ET EFFETS DE GLISSEMENT DANS L’ECRITURE DU ROMAN By TOHOUEGNON CHRISTIAN AHIHOU A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Tohouégnon Christian Ahihou 2 To my Wife, Carolle Yêhouénou 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the French graduate committee of the Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures (University of Florida) for the Else Duelund scholarship that I received during the summer 2009 allowing me to travel to Porto-Novo (Benin) and to conduct the interview: “Entretien avec Ken Bugul.” I thank my dissertation director and also chair of my dissertation committee, Dr. Carol J. Murphy, for her continuous invaluable guidance and encouragement. In addition, I thank the other professors, members of my dissertation committee: Dr. Alioune Sow, Dr. William Calin, and Dr. Fiona McLaughlin, for their careful readings, extremely helpful comments and ongoing support. Furthermore, I thank all my instructors from elementary school to now. Last but not least, I thank my parents, Pierrette and Julien, for having built up the educated man that I have become. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF OBJECTS ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles
    www.westafricaninsight.org V ol 5. No 2. 2017 ISSN 2006-1544 WestIAN fSrI iGcHaT MOROCCO’s ACCESSION TO ECOWAS Centre for Democracy and Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial 2 ECOWAS Expansion Versus Integration: Dynamics and Realities 3 ISSUES AND OPTIONS In Morocco's Quest to 11 join the ECOWAS THE ACCESSION of The Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community 20 of West African States MOROCCO‟s APPLICATION TO JOIN ECOWAS: A SOFT-POWER ANALYSIS 27 MOROCCO AND ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles Centre for Democracy and Development W ebsit e: www .cddw estafrica.or g 16, A7 Street, Mount Pleasant Estate, : [email protected] Jabi-Airport Road, Mbora District, : @CDDWestAfrica Abuja, FCT. P.O.Box 14385 www.facebook.com 234 7098212524 Centr efor democracy .anddev elopment Kindly send us your feed back on this edition via: [email protected] Cover picture source: Other pictures source: Internet The Centre for Democracy and Development and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa are not responsible for the views expressed in this publication Chukwuemeka Eze makes the argument that Editorial Morocco's application to join ECOWAS is moved by his December, the Economic Community of self-interest. Morocco is seeking to position itself as a West African States (ECOWAS) has to decide continental power sitting at the top of the political whether Morocco's application to join should and economic table in Africa. By joining ECOWAS T Morocco would have additional opportunities and be accepted or thrown out. Jibrin Ibrahim makes the case that ECOWAS should not allow itself to be benefits in the international community and would stampeded into accepting Morocco into its fold also benefit from the Arab League quota as well as without thinking through the implications for its core West African quota.
    [Show full text]
  • View of Race and Culture, Winter, 1957
    71-27,438 BOSTICK, Herman Franklin, 1929- THE INTRODUCTION OF AFRO-FRENCH LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN THE AMERICAN SECONDARY SCHOOL . CURRICULUM: A TEACHER'S GUIDE. I The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Education, curriculum development. I i ( University Microfilms, A XEROKCompany, Ann Arbor, Michigan ©Copyright by Herman Franklin Bostick 1971 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE INTRODUCTION OF AFRO-FRENCH LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN THE AMERICAN SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM; A TEACHER'S GUIDE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Herman Franklin Bostick, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University Approved by College of Education DEDICATION To the memory of my mother, Mrs. Leola Brown Bostick who, from my earliest introduction to formal study to the time of her death, was a constant source of encouragement and assistance; and who instilled in me the faith to persevere in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles, I solemnly dedicate this volume. H.F.B. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To list all of the people who contributed in no small measure to the completion of this study would be impossible in the limited space generally reserved to acknowledgements in studies of this kind. Therefore, I shall have to be content with expressing to this nameless host my deepest appreciation. However, there are a few who went beyond the "call of duty" in their assistance and encouragement, not only in the preparation of this dissertation but throughout my years of study toward the Doctor of Philosophy Degree, whose names deserve to be mentioned here and to whom a special tribute of thanks must be paid.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialogue Avec Ken Bugul Et Edem Awumey Mbaye Diouf
    Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 05:57 Études littéraires Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey Mbaye Diouf Géographies transnationales du texte africain et caribéen Volume 46, numéro 1, hiver 2015 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1035088ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1035088ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) Département des littératures de l’Université Laval ISSN 0014-214X (imprimé) 1708-9069 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer ce document Diouf, M. (2015). Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey. Études littéraires, 46(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.7202/1035088ar Tous droits réservés © Université Laval, 2015 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Entretiens d’auteurs ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey MBAYE DIOUF en Bugul (la « bannie », en wolof) est l’une des écrivaines majeures de la littérature sénégalaise et africaine d’expression française. De son vrai Knom Mariétou Mbaye, elle a une trajectoire sociale particulièrement riche d’expériences diverses (sans-abri à Dakar, épouse d’un marabout polygame, immigrante exploitée à Bruxelles, animatrice culturelle à Porto-Novo, fonctionnaire internationale, etc.) qui lui a souvent offert la matière première de ses romans.
    [Show full text]
  • From Local to Global. New Paths for Publishing in Africa. Nathalie Carré
    From local to global. New paths for publishing in Africa. Nathalie Carré To cite this version: Nathalie Carré. From local to global. New paths for publishing in Africa.. 2016. hal-01389097 HAL Id: hal-01389097 https://hal-inalco.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01389097 Preprint submitted on 27 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. From local to global. New paths for publishing in Africa1 How can one’s voice be heard on a global scale? Historically, the writing, selling, and reading of books has been a central means through which stories have been shared across distance. Despite the wide-ranging nature of print, however, in Africa, books and publishers still struggle to get their share of attention. Not only is the volume of African book production dramatically underrepresented in the world2 but the African publishing industry has also had to contend with the ongoing legacies of former colonial monopolies. At the same time, if printing books and selling them across national borders has always been one of the main stumbling blocks to the African publishing trade, then it is reasonable to think that the new technologies and media that have emerged at the turn of the millenium might enable the written word to travel more easily across the continent and beyond, expanding the reach and circulation of African publishing, and African knowledge, today.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialogue Avec Ken Bugul Et Edem Awumey Mbaye Diouf
    Document généré le 1 avr. 2021 09:30 Études littéraires Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey Mbaye Diouf Géographies transnationales du texte africain et caribéen Volume 46, numéro 1, hiver 2015 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1035088ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1035088ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) Département des littératures de l’Université Laval ISSN 0014-214X (imprimé) 1708-9069 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer ce document Diouf, M. (2015). Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey. Études littéraires, 46(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.7202/1035088ar Tous droits réservés © Université Laval, 2015 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Entretiens d’auteurs ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö ö Les territoires de l’écriture : dialogue avec Ken Bugul et Edem Awumey MBAYE DIOUF en Bugul (la « bannie », en wolof) est l’une des écrivaines majeures de la littérature sénégalaise et africaine d’expression française. De son vrai Knom Mariétou Mbaye, elle a une trajectoire sociale particulièrement riche d’expériences diverses (sans-abri à Dakar, épouse d’un marabout polygame, immigrante exploitée à Bruxelles, animatrice culturelle à Porto-Novo, fonctionnaire internationale, etc.) qui lui a souvent offert la matière première de ses romans.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Verde Islands, C. 1500–1879
    TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History- Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT TRANSFORMATION OF “OLD” SLAVERY INTO ATLANTIC SLAVERY: CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, C. 1500–1879 By Lumumba Hamilcar Shabaka This dissertation explores how the Atlantic slave trade integrated the Cape Verde archipelago into the cultural, economic, and political milieu of Upper Guinea Coast between 1500 and 1879. The archipelago is about 300 miles off the coast of Senegal, West Africa. The Portuguese colonized the “uninhabited” archipelago in 1460 and soon began trading with the mainland for slaves and black African slaves became the majority, resulting in the first racialized Atlantic slave society. Despite cultural changes, I argue that cultural practices by the lower classes, both slaves and freed slaves, were quintessentially “Guinean.” Regional fashion and dress developed between the archipelago and mainland with adorning and social use of panu (cotton cloth). In particular, I argue Afro-feminine aesthetics developed in the islands by freed black women that had counterparts in the mainland, rather than mere creolization. Moreover, the study explores the social instability in the islands that led to the exile of liberated slaves, slaves, and the poor, the majority of whom were of African descent as part of the Portuguese efforts to organize the Atlantic slave trade in the Upper th Guinea Coast. With the abolition of slavery in Cape Verde in the 19 century, Portugal used freed slaves and the poor as foot soldiers and a labor force to consolidate “Portuguese Guinea.” Many freed slaves resisted this mandatory service.
    [Show full text]
  • African Art at the Portuguese Court, C. 1450-1521
    African Art at the Portuguese Court, c. 1450-1521 By Mario Pereira A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History of Art and Architecture at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Mario Pereira VITA Mario Pereira was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1973. He received a B.A. in Art History from Oberlin College in 1996 and a M.A. in Art History from the University of Chicago in 1997. His master’s thesis, “The Accademia degli Oziosi: Spanish Power and Neapolitan Culture in Southern Italy, c. 1600-50,” was written under the supervision of Ingrid D. Rowland and Thomas Cummins. Before coming to Brown, Mario worked as a free-lance editor for La Rivista dei Libri and served on the editorial staff of the New York Review of Books. He also worked on the curatorial staff of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum where he translated the exhibition catalogue Raphael, Cellini and a Renaissance Banker: The Patronage of Bindo Altoviti (Milan: Electa, 2003) and curated the exhibition Off the Wall: New Perspectives on Early Italian Art in the Gardner Museum (2004). While at Brown, Mario has received financial support from the Graduate School, the Department of History of Art and Architecture, and the Program in Renaissance and Early Modern Studies. From 2005-2006, he worked in the Department of Prints, Drawings and Photographs at the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design. In 2007-2008, he received the J. M. Stuart Fellowship from the John Carter Brown Library and was the recipient of an Andrew W.
    [Show full text]
  • National Reconstruction in Guinea-Bissau
    Sowing the First Harvest: National Reconstruction in Guinea-Bissau http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.lsmp1013 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Sowing the First Harvest: National Reconstruction in Guinea-Bissau Author/Creator Sarrazin, Chantal and Ole Gjerstad Publisher LSM Date 1978-00-00 Resource type Pamphlets Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Guinea-Bissau Coverage (temporal) 1959 - 1975 Source Candice Wright Rights By kind permission of the Liberation Support Movement. Description INTRODUCTION. Chapter One-ASPECTS OF A DIFFICULT TRANSITION. Chapter Two-'SINCE PIDJIGUITI WE NEVER LOOKED BACK'. Chapter Three-'WE DON'T ACCEPT BEING TREATED LIKE ANIMALS'.
    [Show full text]
  • ©2010 Mahriana L. Rofheart ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    ©2010 Mahriana L. Rofheart ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DON’T ABANDON “OUR BOAT”: SHIFTING PERCEPTIONS OF EMIGRATION IN CONTEMPORARY SENEGALESE LITERATURE AND SONG by MAHRIANA L. ROFHEART A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Comparative Literature written under the direction of Richard Serrano and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2010 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Don’t Abandon “Our Boat”: Shifting Perceptions of Emigration in Contemporary Senegalese Literature and Song By MAHRIANA L. ROFHEART Dissertation Director: Richard Serrano The dissertation argues that contemporary Senegalese novelists and hip-hop artists articulate local and global connections as a strategy to address the difficulties of emigration from Senegal. The project examines the way that novelists Aminata Sow Fall, Ken Bugul, and Fatou Diome as well as several hip-hop artists including WaGëblë, Awadi, 3GGA, and Simon Bisbi Clan approach emigration and return. The works of these authors and artists are set in contrast to earlier texts from Senegal that examine migration, wherein it is difficult and often impossible to maintain connections either in Senegal or abroad, resulting in tragic outcomes. Earlier works examined include those by Ousmane Socé, Cheikh Hamidou Kane, and Ousmane Sembene. Using literary and visual analysis of the written texts and hip-hop songs and videos, the dissertation demonstrates how the recent works strategically utilize local, national, and global affiliations to address emigration productively. Ultimately, the project demonstrates that these texts point to the need for a revised critical understanding of migration narratives from Senegal that takes ii into account the full complexity of the affiliations and backgrounds that are often central to the texts.
    [Show full text]