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BIM Implementation Are Then Described, Emphasising on the Obstacles That Have to Be Overcome Beforehand

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BIM Implementation Are Then Described, Emphasising on the Obstacles That Have to Be Overcome Beforehand PROJECTE O TESINA D’ESPECIALITAT Títol Estudi del potencial de la tecnologia BIM i la seva implementació dins l'àmbit de la construcció Autor/a Francesc Xavier Echegaray Jaile Tutor/a Climent Molins Borrell Departament Enginyeria de la Construcció (EC) Intensificació Data 13 de Maig de 2014 Title: Study of the potential of BIM technology and its implementation in construction Author: Francesc Xavier Echegaray Jaile Advisor: Climent Molins Borrell ABSTRACT The work presented herein is intended to treat the main theoretical and technical concepts that compose Building Information Modelling (BIM) in an organised and comprehensive way. In the initial parts of this work the very fundamentals of this new approach are addressed, putting special attention in the technological shifts that support BIM and the main efforts and challenges that are to be faced. In essence, BIM technology allows the generation of accurate virtual representations of a project, which include all of their physical and functional characteristics. These BIM models are then used to simulate the conception, design, construction, operation and eventual demolition of a facility. The combination of these models with specific simulation and analysis tools allows BIM users to take solid informed decisions throughout the whole lifecycle phases of the project. But beyond technology, BIM unfolds a whole new set of design and construction capabilities with regard to traditional practices. These workflows encourage all project stakeholders to collaborate from initial design stages, creating changes in roles and relationships amongst them. In this line, the work visits the path towards collaborative workflows, pointing out the main changes that appear at a business and organisational level. In order to contrast how BIM differs from traditional approaches, current AEC industry practices are overviewed. This puts in evidence the areas in which BIM provides new or improved capabilities. The advantages resulting of BIM implementation are then described, emphasising on the obstacles that have to be overcome beforehand. Finally, after an adequate knowledge base is acquired, a set of practical examples are developed in an attempt to contrast and evaluate the capabilities of BIM technology. In these examples, a generic building project is developed in a realistic and consistent way. The developed example emphasises on simulating a design process by exploring the roles of owners, structural engineers, architects and contractors. The concepts that have been reviewed throughout the length of the work are put into practice in this final part. To conclude, several lines of development for future works are proposed based on the gained experience. Keywords: Building Information Modelling, Building Information Model, parametric modelling, object based design, Interoperability, workflows, stakeholders, collaboration, Integrated Project Delivery. Título: Estudio del potencial de la tecnología BIM y su implementación en el ambito de la construcción Autor: Francesc Xavier Echegaray Jaile Tutor: Climent Molins Borrell ABSTRACT Esta tesina está enfocada a tratar los principales conceptos teóricos y técnicos que componen el Building Information Modelling (BIM) de una manera organizada y entendedora. En las primeras partes del trabajo se tratan los principios fundamentales del BIM, poniendo especial atención en los avances tecnológicos que lo hacen realidad y en los puntos clave que aún precisan desarrollo. En esencia, la tecnología BIM permite generar modelos virtuales de un proyecto que incluyan con precisión sus características físicas y funcionales. Estos modelos BIM permiten simular la concepción, el diseño, la construcción, la operación y la demolición de cualquier obra de construcción. Combinando estos modelos con herramientas de simulación y análisis, los usuarios BIM son capaces de tomar decisiones bien fundamentadas acerca del proyecto a lo largo de todo su ciclo de vida. Pero más allá de la tecnología, el BIM despliega toda una serie de nuevas capacidades en el ámbito del diseño y la construcción en comparación con los métodos tradicionales. Estos nuevos flujos de trabajo alientan a todos los agentes involucrados en un proyecto a colaborar a partir de los estadios iniciales de su diseño. Esto implica cambios importantes en las relaciones que se dan entre estos agentes y los papeles que éstos desempeñan. En esta línea, la tesina explora el camino a recorrer hacia los flujos de trabajo basados en la colaboración, indicando los cambios más importantes que surgen a nivel organizativo y empresarial. Para resaltar estos cambios, las prácticas que actualmente caracterizan al sector de la construcción son analizadas brevemente. Esto permite desvelar las mejoras y nuevas capacidades aportadas por el BIM. A continuación, el trabajo se centra en las ventajas de implementar el BIM, poniendo énfasis en los obstáculos que deben superarse previamente. Finalmente, después de asentar los conocimientos propicios, se desarrollan una serie de ejemplos prácticos para contrastar y evaluar las capacidades de la tecnología BIM. Los ejemplos constan del desarrollo de un proyecto de edificación de una manera realista y técnicamente consistente. El ejercicio pone especial ahínco en simular un proceso de diseño desde el punto de vista del cliente, el ingeniero estructural, el arquitecto y el contratista. Los conceptos que se han ido viendo a lo largo del trabajo se ponen en práctica en esta última parte. Para concluir, se exponen unas líneas de desarrollo para futuros trabajos basadas en la experiencia adquirida. Palabras clave: Building Information Modelling, Building Information Model, modelado paramétrico, diseño basado en objetos, Interoperabilidad, flujos de trabajo, partes implicadas, colaboración, Integrated Project Delivery. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO BIM ................................................................................. 12 1.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.2. BIM History ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.1. Origins ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.2.2. Graphical representation .......................................................................................... 15 1.2.3. Data based design ..................................................................................................... 16 1.2.4. From research projects to commercial software ...................................................... 18 1.2.5. Interoperability and collaborative building construction .......................................... 21 1.2.6. Simulation and assisted design ................................................................................. 22 1.2.7. Current practices ....................................................................................................... 23 1.2.8. Building Information Modelling as a term ................................................................ 24 1.3. Implementation in the AEC industry .................................................................................... 25 1.3.1. BIM: A growing reality ............................................................................................... 25 1.3.2. North America: Industry reports and BIM surveys .................................................... 26 1.3.3. Western Europe: Industry reports and BIM surveys ................................................. 29 1.3.4. Spain: BIM awareness ............................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 2 – BIM FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES .................................................................... 33 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 33 2.2. Setting a BIM knowledge framework ................................................................................... 33 2.2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 33 2.2.2. BIM fields ................................................................................................................... 33 2.2.3. BIM implementation stages ...................................................................................... 35 2.2.4. Measuring BIM implementation ............................................................................... 38 2.3. BIM Technology .................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 39 2.3.2. Object oriented design .............................................................................................. 39 2.3.3. Parametric modelling beyond design ........................................................................ 44 2.3.4. Building Information Models ..................................................................................... 46 2.3.5. BIM software platforms ............................................................................................
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