Jewish Communal Services: Programs and Finances
Jewish Communal Services: Programs and Finances .ANY TYPES of Jewish communal services are provided under organized Jewish sponsorship. Some needs of Jews (and non-Jews) are ex- clusively individual or governmental responsibilities, but a wide variety of services is considered to be the responsibility of the total Jewish community. While the aim is to serve Jewish community needs, some services may also be made available to the general community. Most services are provided at the geographic point of need, but their financing may be secured from a wider area, nationally or internationally. This report deals with the financial contribution of American Jewry to do- mestic and global services and, to a lesser extent, with aid given by Jews in other parts of the free world. Geographic classification of services (i.e. local, national, overseas) is based on areas of program operation. A more fundamental classification would be in terms of type of services provided or needs met, regardless of geography. On this basis, Jewish com- munal services would encompass: • Economic aid, mainly overseas: largely a function of government in the United States. • Migration aid—a global function, involving movement between coun- tries, mainly to Israel, but also to the United States and other areas in sub- stantial numbers at particular periods. • Absorption and resettlement of migrants—also a global function, in- volving economic aid, housing, job placement or retraining, and social adjustment. The complexity of the task is related to the size of movement, the background of migrants, the economic and social viability or absorptive potential of the communities in which resettlement takes place, and the avail- ability of resources and structures for absorption in the host communities.
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