DOCSLIB.ORG

Practical Cases in Football Law

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Practical Cases in Football Law DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT PRACTICAL CASES IN FOOTBALL LAW Dr. Miguel María García Caba Deputy General Secretary Royal Spanish Football Federation 1 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT 01 Introduction 2 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Professional experience in football 2005-16: 2018-act: Legal Counsel and Head of Internal Legal Legal Director, Spanish Counsel, Spanish Football Association Professional Football (RFEF). League (LaLiga). 2016-18: 2019-act: Deputy General Head of Legal Services, Secretary, Spanish Real Madrid CF. Football Association (RFEF). 3 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT 02 Laliga’s perspective: CASE GRANADA 74 4 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT A little introduction to Spanish Sports Law… The organization of professional sport in Spain 01 A classical topic 02 Sports Act (parliament regulation): 03 Royal Decrees (government regulations): 04 Public intervention in professional sport (since 1941)… 5 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The coordination between Leagues and Associations Coordination Agreement LaLiga- Compulsory coordination RFEF: • Spanish Sports Law and Royal • Professional license – First Decree 1835/1991 professional license • Compulsory agreement (duration • Transfer and registration rules 4 years)… (clubs, players) … • Calendar … 6 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The background of the case (1/3) Previous • In the summer 200, juridical debate in the CAS, between FIFA, UEFA, RFEF and LaLiga. • The cause of the conflict was the analysis made by CAS. • The conflict ended with a decision by CAS (2007/O/1361), which gave justice, from a sportive and legal point of view, to LaLiga. 7 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The background of the case (2/3) The facts 30.06.07. C.F. Ciudad de Murcia, SAD finished 4th in Spanish 2nd Div. 06.07.07. Agreement to sell its 100% of its social capital. 24.07.07. New owner decided to change the denomination: Granada 74, SAD 01.08.07. LaLiga admitted the club to participate in season 2007/08 09.08.07. LaLiga received a letter from FIFA’s and UEFA’s presidents 20.08.07. FIFA and UEFA invited LaLiga on a workshop. No agreement 8 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The background of the case (3/3) The way to CAS, the applicable law and the CAS hearing 21.08.07. RFEF referred the dispute to CAS. 22.08.07. LaLiga accepted under the following conditions: - Applicable law: shall be the Spanish law - The choice of Spanish law as applicable law, was unquestionable and had a fundamental importance in this case 24.08.07. The hearing took place. 25.08.07. Cádiz CF vs Granada 74, SAD (20.00h)… 9 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The main sources of law and key articles used to deal Previous: The question IT IS ILLEGAL OR CONTRARY TO SPORTING PRINCIPLES TO BUY A CLUB AND CHANGE ITS NAME AND DOMICILE? 10 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The main sources of law and key articles used to deal … FIFA, UEFA and RFEF LaLiga • Art. 19.1 Sports Act • Art. 2.e), FIFA Statutes • Art. 4 RFEF Statutes • Art. 2.1 e), UEFA Statutes • Art. 41.4 a) Sports Act: The • FIFA Statutes: Since LaLiga is coordination between Leagues subordinate to the RFEF and NA • Art. 18.2, FIFA Statutes • Coordination Agreement LaLiga- RFEF 2006 11 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The key arguments presented by the parties involved … FIFA, UEFA, RFEF LaLiga • “Hidden” promotion • There is no current legislature, which limits the change in the denomination • Violates a basic and fundamental and in the registered office principle in football • Neither in the regulations of FIFA and • Through sportive results in the field UEFA and not through operations of commercial or financial nature. • The English Case (FC Wimbledon) • international sport law • AUS, CHI, MEX, USA rules • European Model of Sport • C.P. Granada 74 is still participating in the 3rd Div. 12 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT The outcome of the case: the CAS decision Jurisdiction Violation of arts. 2 of FIFA and UEFA Statutes The Spanish Law The International Sports Law 13 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Conclusions From a strictly juridical point of view: The CAS resolution plainly ratified the conformity to the Law of the acts carried out by LaLiga 14 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Conclusions. from a strictly FOOTBALL point of view: Graphic 1: years of seniority of clubs Graphic 2: no. of federative licenses Gráfico 1: Años de antigüedad de los clubes Gráfico 2: Nº de licencias federativas 40 700 35 600 625 34 30 500 25 400 20 300 15 10 200 9 5 100 125 0 0 CP. Granada 74 C.F. Ciudad de Murcia, SAD 1 CP. Granada 74 C.F. Ciudad de Murcia, SAD Graphic 3: no. of federative clubs, federative or dependent Gráfico 3: Nª de clubes federativos filiares o dependientes 6 5 4 Granada 74 is a historical club set up in 3 2 1974 by comparison to 1999, with 1 0 social and sportive roots and Senior Juveniles Cadetes Infantiles Alevines Benjamines CP. Granada 74 C.F. Ciudad de Murcia, SAD absolutely dedicated to the game. Senior Junior Cadet Children Young Small 15 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Conclusions. from a strictly FOOTBALL point of view: Comparative table of the clubs C.F. Ciudad de Murcia, CP. Granada 74 SAD Year of foundation 1974 1999 No. of federative clubs branches or dependent 25 5 senior 1(3rd division) 2 junior 4 2 cadets 5 1 children 5 - young 5 - small 5 - No. of federative licenses 625 125 Sportive schools 1 the greatest in the province - Granada 74 is a historical club set up in Sportive history More than 1000 trophies ( 28 T. 06/07) 1974 by comparison to 1999, with The entity in Andalusia that has the greatest number of trophies in inferior social and sportive roots and categories Award for the best sportive entity in Andalusia, 1988 (Council of Andalucía) - absolutely dedicated to the game. 16 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT 17 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT My own interpretation. Conclusions CONCLUSIONS • Granada is a region that “breathes” football • CAS understood that the operation was for the good of social and sportive value • National law is still above sports law and especially above international sports law • Granada totally ignored the national regulations and laws passed by the State and the agreement signed in 2006. 18 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT 03 The club’s perspective: REGISTRATION OF MINORS 19 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Introduction • 2016 conflict that caused an interesting juridical debate in the CAS, between FIFA, RFEF and Rel Madrid CF • Spain is composed of 17 regions (CCAA) • The Spanish Constitution competences to regulate on different fields. • Each “CCAA” has its own regional FA • Each RA organizes its own championship • each club has to mandatorily affiliate to the RA 20 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Legal framework Public regulation • SPANISH SPORTS LAW ACT (10/1990)… Article 32.4 (regulation of sports licenses) • RD SPANISH FEDERATIONS (1835/1991) Article 7 (regulation of professional sport licenses) Additional disposition (conflicts) 21 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Legal framework Public regulation • SPANISH ACT AGAINST VIOLENCE, RACISM, XENOPHOBIA AND INTOLERANCE IN SPORT) Second additional provision 22 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Legal framework FIFA regulation 10 FIFAIII. RegistrationREGULATIONS of players & SPANISH LAW 5 Registration 1. A player must be registered at an association to play for a club as either a professional or an amateur in accordance with the provisions of article 2. Only registered players are eligible to participate in organised football. By the act of registering, a player agrees to abide by the statutes and regulations of FIFA, the confederations and the associations. 2. A player may only be registered with one club at a time. 3. Players may be registered with a maximum of three clubs during one season. 23 During this period, the player is only eligible to play offcial matches for two clubs. As an exception to this rule, a player moving between two clubs belonging to associations with overlapping seasons (i.e. start of the season in summer/autumn as opposed to winter/spring) may be eligible to play in offcial matches for a third club during the relevant season, provided he has fully complied with his contractual obligations towards his previous clubs. Equally, the provisions relating to the registration periods (article 6) as well as to the minimum length of a contract (article 18 paragraph 2) must be respected. 4. Under all circumstances, due consideration must be given to the sporting integrity of the competition. In particular, a player may not play offcial matches for more than two clubs competing in the same national championship or cup during the same season, subject to stricter individual competition regulations of member associations. DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Legal framework FIFA regulation ARTICLE 5 RSTP VS. SPORT COMPETENCE DISTRIBUTION • Players must be registered at a FIFA member • FIFA does not recognise a registration at a regional association • Regions in Spain have absolute competence in sport • Only Regional FA are entitled to register players at regional competitions. • No intervention of Spanish public power nor of the RFEF in regional competitions 24 DIPLOMA IN CLUB MANAGEMENT Legal framework FIFA regulation FIFA REGULATIONS & SPANISH LAW 10 III. Registration of players 5 Registration 1. A player must be registered at an association to play for a club as either a professional or an amateur in accordance with the provisions of article 2. Only registered players are eligible to participate in organised football. By the act of registering, a player agrees to abide by the statutes and regulations of FIFA, the confederations and the associations. 2. A player may only be registered with one club at a time. 3. 25 Players may be registered with a maximum of three clubs during one season. During this period, the player is only eligible to play offcial matches for two clubs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soccer, Culture and Society in Spain
    Soccer, Culture and Society in Spain Spanish soccer is on top of the world, at both international and club levels, with the best teams and a seemingly endless supply of exciting and stylish players. While the Spanish economy struggles, its soccer flourishes, deeply embedded throughout Spanish social and cultural life. But the relationship between soccer, culture and society in Spain is complex. This fascinating, in-depth study shines new light on Spanish soccer by examining the role this sport plays in Basque identity, consol- idated in Athletic Club of Bilbao, the century-old soccer club located in the birthplace of Basque nationalism. Athletic Bilbao has a unique player-recruitment policy, allowing only Basque- born players or those developed at the youth academies of Basque clubs to play for the team, a policy that rejects the internationalism of contemporary globalized soccer. Despite this, the club has never been relegated from the top division of Spanish soccer. A particularly tight bond exists between the fans, their club and the players, with Athletic representing a beacon of Basque national identity. This book is an ethnography of a soccer culture where origins, ethnicity, nationalism, gender relations, power and passion, life-cycle events and death rituals gain new meanings as they become, below and beyond the playing field, a matter of creative contention and communal affirmation. Based on unique, in-depth ethnographic research, Soccer, Culture and Society in Spain investigates how a soccer club and soccer fandom affect the life of a community, interweaving empirical research material with key contemporary themes in the social sciences, and placing the study in the wider context of Spanish political and sporting cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Conflict Narratives in Sport
    Lopez-Gonzalez H, Guerrero-Sole F, Haynes R. Manufacturing conflict narratives in Real Madrid versus Barcelona football matches. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2014; 49(6):688-706. DOI 10.1177/1012690212464965 Introduction The clásico is the renowned term used to describe the matches between the Real Madrid CF and the FC Barcelona football teams. Although the origins of the rivalry date back more than 100 years, it is now, due basically to the economic repercussion and global impact of the clubs involved, that the clásico has gained unprecedented media attention. Both teams rank in the top two in total fans worldwide, 57.8m for FC Barcelona and 31.3m for Real Madrid CF (Sport+Markt, 2010), and gross income, 450€m for Real Madrid and 479€m for Barcelona (Deloitte, 2012). The intensity of this media coverage is particularly notable in Spain, where football is the most popular sport, and the rivalry between Barcelona and Real Madrid has evolved into a cornerstone of the news agenda (González Ramallal, 2004; Isasi Varela, 2006). However, apart from the emotion and uncertainty derived from their games – with anything between two and five matches a year – the attraction of the Real Madrid-Barcelona (RMD-FCB) rivalry lies beyond the realm of the mere sporting competition and is based upon the mediated discourse around it, fuelled by a 24/7 news cycle. The news pieces do not stand alone but are contained in larger narratives, whose purpose when it comes to sports journalism is not to give a conciliatory account of the events but to ‘emphasize the elements of crisis and contradiction’ (Moragas, 1992:15) and the ‘production of difference’ (Rowe, 2003:282).
    [Show full text]
  • Basque Soccer Madness a Dissertation Submitted in Partial
    University of Nevada, Reno Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Basque Studies (Anthropology) by Mariann Vaczi Dr. Joseba Zulaika/Dissertation Advisor May, 2013 Copyright by Mariann Vaczi All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by Mariann Vaczi entitled Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joseba Zulaika, Advisor Sandra Ott, Committee Member Pello Salaburu, Committee Member Robert Winzeler, Committee Member Eleanor Nevins, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2013 i Abstract A centenarian Basque soccer club, Athletic Club (Bilbao) is the ethnographic locus of this dissertation. From a center of the Industrial Revolution, a major European port of capitalism and the birthplace of Basque nationalism and political violence, Bilbao turned into a post-Fordist paradigm of globalization and gentrification. Beyond traditional axes of identification that create social divisions, what unites Basques in Bizkaia province is a soccer team with a philosophy unique in the world of professional sports: Athletic only recruits local Basque players. Playing local becomes an important source of subjectivization and collective identity in one of the best soccer leagues (Spanish) of the most globalized game of the world. This dissertation takes soccer for a cultural performance that reveals relevant anthropological and sociological information about Bilbao, the province of Bizkaia, and the Basques. Early in the twentieth century, soccer was established as the hegemonic sports culture in Spain and in the Basque Country; it has become a multi- billion business, and it serves as a powerful political apparatus and symbolic capital.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exploitation of Brand Equity in Football Clubs Across Countries
    Department of Business and Management Chair of International Marketing THE EXPLOITATION OF BRAND EQUITY IN FOOTBALL CLUBS ACROSS COUNTRIES SUPERVISOR Prof. Michele Costabile CANDIDATE Stefano De Angelis Matr.667311 CO-SUPERVISOR Prof. Alberto Marcati ACCADEMIC YEAR2015/2016 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1: Literature Review .................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Lovemark: The future Beyond Brand ............................................................................. 8 1.2 Brand Equity ................................................................................................................ 10 1.3 The Role of Brand Icons ............................................................................................... 11 1.4 Keller's Model .............................................................................................................. 13 1.5 Market Segmentation ................................................................................................. 15 1.6 UEFA Financial Fair Play ............................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Observational Analysis ........................................................................................ 20 2.1"The GloBal Game" ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Impacto Económico Athletic Club EN
    Athletic Club: Socio-Economic Impact 2018–19 Season July 2020 Document prepared for: Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 12 2. Social impact 16 3. Economic impact 41 3.1. Impact on economic activity 43 3.2. Impact on employment 52 3.3. Impact on tax revenue 59 Appendix A. References 63 Appendix B. Input-Output Methodology 65 PwC 2 Contents Executive summary 3 1. Introduction 12 2. Social impact 16 3. Economic impact 41 3.1. Impact on economic activity 43 3.2. Impact on employment 52 3.3. Impact on tax revenue 59 Appendix A. References 63 Appendix B. Input-Output Methodology 65 PwC 3 Executive summary One of the chief pillars of Athletic Club's management model is its firm commitment to developing and training talented young players from a very early age … 28,061 men's football licences 45.33% supported through of all men's football licences in partnership agreements in the Basque Country. the Basque Country. 36 Equivalent to women's clubs with 39.6% partnership agreements of all women's football licences with Athletic Club in Biscay Higher than the net average of 39% of all college-age players 36.1% attend university university attendance in the Basque Autonomous Community PwC 4 Executive summary …creating a unique philosophy that has made it a benchmark for other teams and gained it the unconditional support of its members and fans… 465 th most fan clubs in LaLiga fan clubs 4 most season ticket holders in 44,560 th LaLiga members 5 200 2 times visits from other clubs in the total number of major-league 2019 teams (Spain, England,
    [Show full text]
  • History, Nationalism and Identity. Exploring Football in Spain
    History, nationalism and identity. Exploring football in Spain Summary This book attempts to show how football in Spain and history of the country intertwine in the context of nationalism and identity. In Span- ish football, the past of the country is reconstructed and revindicated at each step. Spanish, Catalan and Basque nationalisms find the sport an ideal space in which their presence can be manifested. The stadiums thus become a singular safety valve, allowing supporters to externalize their views and convictions. For many of the fans, football teams become a mainstay of patriotic sentiments and a brand around which one’s iden- tity can be determined and fostered, whether local, regional or national. Matches played by Spain’s national team and such clubs as FC Barcelona, Real Madrid C.F., Espanyol Barcelona or Athletic Bilbao reveal profound identity issues affecting Spanish society. At the outset, the author outlines the peculiarities of Spanish football, explaining how it relates to history, nationalism and identity. For instance, one of the highlighted characteristics is that although Spaniards display strong attachment to local teams, it nevertheless co-exists with supporting the foremost clubs in the country, Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. Using the example of football in Spain, the author also challenges the claim that contemporary football has entered the post-national era. Chapter One focuses on the phenomenon of the Spanish national team which, for the sake of political correctness, is denoted by the neol- ogism La Roja, a reference to the colours worn by its players. Showing how the national team has struggled with Spanish identity, the author deliberates whether the appellation La Roja is an expression of strength or weakness of Spanish football and, by extension, of the Spanish society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Football in Spain
    THE PHENOMENON OF FÚTBOL IN SPAIN: A STUDY OF FÚTBOL IN SPANISH POLITICS, LITERATURE AND FILM Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Timothy Joseph Ashton, M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish & Portuguese The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Samuel Amell, Advisor Ignacio Corona Dionisio Viscarri Copyright by Timothy J. Ashton 2009 Abstract This investigation serves to demonstrate the multifaceted connection that the sport of fútbol has with certain aspects of Spanish society, namely, this cultural phenomenon’s long relationship with Spanish politics, literature and film. Since the formation of Spain’s very first club teams, the sport of fútbol has always demonstrated a strong connection with Spain’s historical socio-political disputes. These disputes have become essential elements in making up the very fabric of Spain and range from questions of nationhood, to questions of identity, culture, politics, ideologies and economy. Throughout this study, I address the dispute that has been taking place between the intellectual classes and the fútboling community and defend that although the relationship between intellectuals and fútbol has not been as public as fútbol’s relationship to politics, it has however existed throughout the entire history of the sport. Many intellectuals have deemed the sport of fútbol as an unsuitable topic for intellectual areas such as literature and artistic mediums like film. In this study, I uncover that some of Spain’s most highly praised literary figures had a passion for the sport which they alluded to, sometimes on numerous occasions, as central themes in their work.
    [Show full text]
  • Football and National Identity: a Triangle of Spain's Regional Attitudes
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2019 Football and National Identity: A Triangle of Spain’s Regional Attitudes Jaelin Kinney Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, International Relations Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Football and National Identity A Triangle of Spain’s Regional Attitudes Jaelin Kinney SIT Spain: Policy, Law, and Regional Autonomy in Europe December 12, 2019 Kinney 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3 ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ......................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION Origins ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Franco Football ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Market for Football Club Investors: a Review of Theory and Empirical Evidence from Professional European Football
    European Sport Management Quarterly ISSN: 1618-4742 (Print) 1746-031X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/resm20 The market for football club investors: a review of theory and empirical evidence from professional European football Marc Rohde & Christoph Breuer To cite this article: Marc Rohde & Christoph Breuer (2017) The market for football club investors: a review of theory and empirical evidence from professional European football, European Sport Management Quarterly, 17:3, 265-289, DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2017.1279203 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1279203 Published online: 01 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1867 View Crossmark data Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=resm20 EUROPEAN SPORT MANAGEMENT QUARTERLY, 2017 VOL. 17, NO. 3, 265–289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1279203 The market for football club investors: a review of theory and empirical evidence from professional European football Marc Rohde and Christoph Breuer Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Research objectives: The European market for football club Received 21 September 2015 investors is undergoing a significant transformation, with German Accepted 5 December 2016 clubs opening up for strategic investors, French clubs being taken KEYWORDS over by private majority investors, and English top-league clubs Sports economics; club experiencing an influx of foreign investors. Economic and legal ownership; incorporation; politics have played an important role in the deregulation of commercialization; closed member associations.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Value of the Professional Basketball Clubs in Spain: a Necessity
    DOCTORAL THESIS UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS Department of Financial Economy II SOCIAL VALUE OF THE PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL CLUBS IN SPAIN: A NECESSITY XABIER MENDIZABAL LEIÑENA Directors Dr. LEIRE SAN JOSÉ RUÍZ DE AGUIRRE & Dr. JOSÉ DOMINGO GARCÍA MERINO (University of the Basque Country) Doctoral Program in Business Management, Knowledge an Innovation BILBAO, 2020 (c)2020 XABIER MENDIZABAL LEIÑENA «The author of this Thesis declares that the data contained in this original work is proper, assuming otherwise, the responsibilities that may arise from the inaccuracies contained in it: plagiarism, improper use of images, etc. All the images are copyright of their corresponding owners and / or licensees. They are included in the present work under purely informative purpose to illustrate the theoretical framework or work analysis» 2 SOCIAL VALUE OF THE PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL CLUBS IN SPAIN: A NECESSITY SUMMARY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS .................................................................. 10 1.1. Introduction: problem statement ........................................................................................ 10 1.2. Justification of the choice of the topic ................................................................................. 13 1.3. Research Questions and Objectives ..................................................................................... 14 1.4. Methodology .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Influence Promotion and Relegation in the Technical
    Research & Investigations in CRIMSON PUBLISHERS C Wings to the Research Sports Medicine ISSN: 2577-1914 Research Article Is Efficient to Play in First Division? Influence of Promotion and Relegation in the Technical Efficiency of the Spanish Professional Football Teams Ana María Magaz González1*, Fernando Mallo Fernández2 and José Luis Fanjul Suárez2 1Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Universidad de Valladolid, España 2Departamento de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, Universidad de León, España *Corresponding author: Ana María Magaz González, Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, UniversidadSubmission: de Valladolid, Campus Published: Universitario Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, España April 11, 2018; May 04, 2018 Abstract The aim of this article is to know at which level a club is more efficient and how promotion and relegation affects technical efficiency. The sample consists of clubs that played at least one season in the First Division in Spanish Professional Football League between seven seasons. The method for calculating technical efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis and this is combined with the study of trend and stability to ensure the correct choice of model and to check the robustness of the results. Our conclusion is that teams that have promoted and relegated are more efficient. These clubs improve their technical efficiency after being relegated and staying in the lower category. It is necessary to pursue its optimal positioning depending on its sporting potential and its economic financial capacity but not necessarily the promotion. We suggest that the Spanish Football League review the conditionsKeywords: and format to promotion.
    [Show full text]
  • Football and Spanish Cultural Life; Some Contemporary Perspectives and Observations
    Social Sciences and Education Research Review 1 Available online at www.sserr.ro Social Sciences and Education Research Review 1 36-43 (2014) ISSN 2393–1264 ISSN–L 2392–9863 Football and Spanish Cultural Life; Some contemporary perspectives and observations Jim O’Brien Southampton Solent University Abstract How can the cultural life and identity of a nation state be articulated and expressed when the existence of that nation state is contested and challenged? If history has any capacity to repeat itself, current cultural and political issues in Spanish society provide much evidence for the continued presence of the struggles between centre and region, unity and division which have permeated constructions and representations of Spain since medieval times. Keywords: cultural life, identity, football In 2014, these debates and tensions resonate as potently as ever. Following the death of Franco in 1975 and the subsequent uneasy transition from autocracy to democracy, the constitutional settlement of 1978, built as it was on the consensus of the ‘Pact of Forgetting’ ( Encarnacion,2008) set the blueprint for the classic compromise between the forces of unity and the emergent Spain of seventeen autonomous regions. A modern democracy based on competitive party politics was couched against the backdrop of the turbulence of Spain’s political history in the twentieth century, which had embraced monarchy, republic, civil war and dictatorship. Decentralisation and devolved power gave special status to the historic communities of the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia, embedded in the cultural and political renaissance following the collapse and retreat of imperial Spain in the late nineteenth century (Junco and Schuster, 2005).
    [Show full text]