Name of Muscle Actions Origin Insertion Epicranius frontalis Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of Galea aponeurotica Skin of eyebrows and forehead nose Epicranius occipitalis Draws scalp posteriorly, fixes Occipital bone, mastoid process Galea aponeurotica aponeurosis Orbicularis oris Closes lips, compresses lips against Muscle fibers surrounding Skin at corner of teeth, protrudes lips, shapes lips opening of mouth mouth during speech, “kissing muscle” Zygomaticus Draws angle of mouth superiorly and Zygomatic bone Skin and muscle at laterally (smiling) corner of mouth Buccinator Presses cheeks against teeth and lips Molar region of maxilla and Orbicularis oris (whistling, blowing, sucking), draws mandible corner of mouth laterally, keeps food

between teeth eck Platysma Draws outer part of lower lip Fascia over deltoid and Lower margin of inferiorly and posteriorly (pouting), pectoralis major mandible, skin and depresses mandible muscle around angle of mouth Face & NOrbicularis oris Closes eye Frontal and maxillary bones, Tissue of upper ligaments around orbit eyelid

Head, Levator palpabrae Opens eye Roof of orbit Skin of upper eyelid superioris Masseter Elevates mandible Zygomatic bone and arch Angle and ramus of mandible Temporalis Elevates and retracts mandible Temporal, frontal and parietal Coronoid process of bones (temporal fossa) mandible Sternocleidomastoid Together: flex cervical vertebrae and Manubrium of sternum and Mastoid process and head; singly: laterally flex and rotate medial part of clavicle occipital bone head (superior nuchal line) Splenius Together: extend head, singly: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous Occipital bone, laterally flex and rotate head processes of C7-T6 mastoid process, transverse processes of C2-C4 Thorax & Back Breathing Abdomen Serratusanterior Pectoralisminor Pectoralismajor Internalintercostals Externalintercostals Diaphragm abdominis Transversus Internaloblique Externaloblique Rectusabdominis

(pushing, punching) (pushing, stabilizearm movements for shoulder rotatesscapula, to important scapula Holds isfixed expiration whenforced scapula during when ribs fixed, elevates 3 Draws and scapula downward forward mediallyrotates arm Flexesarm (PM), arm, adducts expiration Drawribs Elevateinspiration ribsduring Inspiration Compressabdomen androtate vertebral column singly:laterally vertebralcolumn; flex Together:abdomen, compress flex androtate vertebral column singly:laterally vertebralcolumn; Together:abdomen, compress flex abdomen,stabilizes pelvis Flexescompresses vertebral column,

together during forced forced togetherduring

against chest wall, wall, chest against

rd -

5

th

ribs flex Iliacinguinalcrest, ligament, 8ribs surface inferior of Outer crestand symphysis Pubic Superior 8 or 9ribs 8or Superior 3 external 7ribs,aponeurosis of 6or first Clavicle,cartilages sternum of below rib of border Superior above rib of border Inferior lumbarvertebrae cartilages6ribs, inferior of ribcageand costal sternum, intern Inferior 6ribs inferior lumbarfascia, cartilages of Iliacinguinalcrest, ligament, lumbarfascia rd - 5 th

ribs oblique

alsurface of

scapula vertebral of border surface of Anterior scapula of process Coracoid humerus Greatertubercle of above rib of border Inferior below rib of border Superior Centraltendon crest Linea alba, pubic lastfew ribs cartilagecrest, of Linea alba, pubic pubic crest Linea alba, iliac crest, process 5 Costalcartilage of th - 7 th

ribs, xiphoid ribs,xiphoid

Upper Limb Thorax & Back Triceps brachii Triceps Brachialis Biceps brachii Teresmajor Teresminor Infraspinatus Latissimus Trapezius Deltoid Pronator teres Pronator Brachioradialis

dorsi

forearm Pronatesforearm, weakly flexes Flexesforearm, stabilizes elbow Extendsforearm (PM) Flexesforearm flexes arm Flexesforearm, supinates forearm, rotatesarm Extendsarm, medially arm, adducts shoulder Laterallyrotates arm, stabilizes shoulder Laterallyrotates arm, stabilizes and pos inferiorly mediallyrotates arm, drawsarm Extendsarm (PM), arm, adducts fibers scapula, fibersmiddle inferior adduct head, extend and scapula elevate Stabilizefibers scapula, superior fibersextend and laterally rotate arm andmedially arm (PM), Abducts anterior fibers flex

depress scapula

rotate arm, posterior

teriorly

spinesandC7 of all thoracic bone,ligamentum nuchae, line nuchal occipital of Superior scapula Clavicle,and acromion spine of process Medial epicondyle, coronoid humerus Lateraldistal of border end of medialheads) (lateral surfacehumerus of and (long cavity head), posterior glenoidto inferior Projection humerus Distal (shorthead) (longhead), process coracoid Tubercleabove glenoid cavity surface posterior angle Inferior scapula of surfacescapula of Lateral posterior of border fossa Infraspinous scapula of anglescapula of 3 inferior crest, (viafascia),thoracolumbar iliac vertebraeand lumbar vertebrae Spines6thoracic inferior of vertebrae anteriorsurface of

-

4 ribs, inferior 4ribs,inferior

on on radius Midlateralsurface of radius of process Base styloid of Olecranonprocess elbowjoint ulna,capsule of of process Coronoid Radialtuberosity anteriorhumerus Lessertubercle on Greater tubercle Greater tubercle humerus of groove Intertubercular andspine scapula of Clavicle, acromion humerus Deltoidtuberosity of

Upper Limb Flexor pollicis brevis Flexorpollicis brevis pollicis Abductor ulnaris Extensorcarpi Extensordigitorum radialis Extensorcarpi superficialis Flexordigitorum ulnaris Flexorcarpi Palmarislongus radialis Flexorcarpi

metacarpophalangealjoint Flexesat thumb carpometacarpal and joint at thumb carpometacarpal Abducts hand Extendshand,adducts Extendsfingers (PM), extends hand Extendshand hand,abducts hand atmetacarpopha flexesphalanx proximal each of finger atinterphalangeal proximal joint, Flexesphalanxmiddle each of finger wrist Flexes hand, hand, stabilizes adducts Weaklyflexes hand Flexes hand, abducts hand

langealflexes joint,

process and posterior surface and of process posterior Medial Medialepicondyle Medialepicondyle carpals Deepfascia palm, of some carpals Deepfascia palm, of some ulna of border Lateral epicondyle, posterior Lateralepicondyle humerus Lateral of ridge supracondylar radius anterior process, surface of Medial epicondyle, coronoid ulna

epicondyle,olecranon

thumb phalanx proximal of Lateral thumb phalanx proximal of Lateralside of metacarpal Base5 of finger phalangeseach of Distaland middle metacarpal Basesecond of finger each phalangesMiddle of 5 of Somecarpals, base Deepfascia palm of metacarpals Base2 of th

metacarpal

side of th nd

and 3 and

rd

Buttock & Lower Limb Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductors Gracilis Vastusmedialis Vastus lateralis Rectusfemoris medius Gluteus maximus Gluteus Tensorfasciae latae Sartorius

rotatesthigh Flexesmedially abducts thigh, thigh, laterally thigh, rotates thigh Flexes leg, flexes abducts thigh, vertebralcolumn also portion does lateral flexion of Flexes(PM), thigh/trunk psoas Flexes thigh adducts thigh, rotatesthigh flexes thigh, medially thigh, Adducts flexes thigh, Adducts leg Extendsleg Extendsleg Extendsleg, flexes thigh stabilizespelvis thigh, Abducts thigh abducts Extendslaterally thigh, rotates thigh,

mediallyrotates thigh,

Anterior inferior iliac inferior spine Anterior Lateralsurface ilium of aponeurosissacrospinalis of coccyx, sacrum, Ilium, Iliac crest iliac spine superior Anterior vertebrae Iliacfossa, T12 pubis of ramus Superior andramus bone, Pubic ischial tuberosity bone, Pubic ischial ramus aspera Intertrochanteric aspera line, intertrochanteric linea Greatertrochanter,

andlumbar

line,linea

Iliotibialtract tibia Medialsurface of Lessertrochanter lineaaspera lesserandtrochanter between Femur femur of and Lineaaspera femur of tibia Medialsurface of ligament tuberositypatellarvia tendontibialto Patella via quadriceps ligament tuberositypatellarvia tendontibialto Patella via quadriceps ligament tuberositypatellarvia tendontibialto Patella via quadriceps Greatertrochanter tuberosityfemur of Iliotibialgluteal tract,

inferior portions portions inferior

Biceps femoris Flexes leg, extends thigh Ischial tuberosity (long head), Head of fibula, lateral linea aspera of femur (short condyle of tibia head) Semitendinosus Flexes leg, extends thigh Ischial tuberosity Proximal part of medial surface of

tibia Semimembranosus Flexes leg, extends thigh Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexes foot (PM), inverts foot Lateral condyle of tibia and First metatarsal, one interosseous membrane tarsal Extensor digitorum Dorsiflexes foot, Extends toes (PM) Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior Middle and distal longus at metatarsophalangeal joint surface of fibula, interosseous phalanges of toes 2- membrane 5 Fibularis (Peroneus) Plantar flexes foot, everts foot Head and lateral side of fibula, Passes under foot to Buttock longus& Lower Limb lateral condyle of tibia first metatarsal and one tarsal Gastrocnemius Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg Lateral and medial condyles of Calcaneus femur Soleus Plantarflexes foot Superior tibia, fibula and Calcaneus interosseous membrane

Special Note: Keep in mind that to describe an action, you must name the movement, and name either the part of the body that is moving or the joint at which the movement occurs. For example, you may say that a particular muscle “flexes leg” or “flexes knee” – both of those mean the same thing. You may NOT say “moves knee” – that is not specific enough.

So which terms to describe body parts are essentially interchangeable?

Head or neck (cervical vertebrae) Arm or shoulder Forearm or elbow Hand or wrist Thigh or hip Leg or knee