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Home , Extensor expansion, Forearm, Greater tubercle, Hamate bone, Infraglenoid tubercle, Lesser tubercle

Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine

UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of Base of 2nd metacarpal Flexes and abducts at Anterior Humeral head: medial epicondyle of Pisiform , hook of hamate, base Flexor carpi ulnaris humerus Ulnar head: and Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm of 5th metacarpal posterior border of Medial and anterior surface of Flexes distal phalanges of medial four Palmar base of distal phalanges of Medial part: ulnar nerve Lateral Anterior interosseous artery, Flexor digitorum profundus proximal 3/4 of ulna and digits, assists with flexion of hand at Anterior forearm medial four digits part: median nerve muscular branches of interosseous membrane wrist Humero‐ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid Flexes middle and proximal Bodies of middle phalanges of medial Flexor digitorum superficialis process of ulna Median nerve phalanges of medial four digits, flexes Ulnar and radial arteries Anterior forearm four digits Radial head: superior half of anterior hand at wrist Anterior surface of radius and Palmar base of distal phalanx of Flexor pollicis longus Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Flexes phalanges of Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm interosseous membrane thumb Distal half of flexor retinaculum and Flexes hand at wrist and tenses Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Median nerve Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm palmar Pronator quadratus Distal fourth of anterior ulna Distal fourth of anterior radius Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Pronates forearm Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm Two heads: medial epicondyle of Midway along lateral surface of Pronates forearm and assists with Pronator teres humerus and coronoid process of Median nerve Anterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm radius flexion ulna Posterior surface of lateral Lateral surface of olecranon and Assists in extending elbow, Anconeus (C5–T1) Deep epicondyle of humerus posterior proximal ulna abducts ulna in pronation Long head: supraglenoid of , of forearm Flexes and supinates forearm at brachii Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6) Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm Short head: tip of of via elbow scapula Distal half of anterior surface of Coronoid process and tuberosity of Musculocutaneous nerve and radial Radial recurrent artery, muscular Brachialis Flexes forearm at elbow Arm humerus ulna nerve (C7) branches of brachial artery Middle third of medial surface of Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process of scapula Musculocutaneous nerve Flexes and adducts arm at Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm humerus Long head: of scapula Extends forearm at elbow; long head Lateral head: upper half of posterior Posterior surface of olecranon stabilizes head of abducted humerus Triceps brachii Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii artery Arm humerus process of ulna and extends and adducts arm at Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial shoulder and posterior humerus and tendon of flexor Medial side of base of proximal Abductor digiti minimi Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Abducts little Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand carpi ulnaris phalanx of (5th digit) Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of Lateral side of base of proximal Superficial palmar branch of radial Abductor pollicis brevis Median nerve (recurrent branch) Abducts thumb Hand scaphoid and phalanx of thumb artery Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate and Medial side of base of proximal Adductor pollicis adjacent Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Adducts thumb Deep palmar arch Hand phalanx of thumb Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Abduct digits from axial line of hand Adjacent sides of two metacarpal Base of proximal phalanges, extensor (3rd digit); flex digits at Dorsal interosseous muscles Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Hand bones expansion of digits 2–4 metacarpophalangeal and extend interphalangeal

07/16/2015 Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Flexor retinaculum and hook of Medial side of base of proximal Flexes proximal phalanx of little Flexor digiti minimi brevis Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand phalanx of little finger finger Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Lateral side of base of proximal Superficial palmar branch of radial Flexor pollicis brevis Median nerve (recurrent branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb Hand trapezium phalanx of thumb artery Extend digits at interphalangeal Lateral two tendons of flexor Lateral sides of of Lumbrical, first and second Median nerve (digital branches) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand digitorum profundus digits 2 and 3 joints Extend digits at interphalangeal Medial three tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor expansion of Lumbrical, third and fourth Ulnar nerve (deep branch) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand digitorum profundus digits 4 and 5 joints Flexor retinaculum and hook of Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and Opponens digiti minimi Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand hamate bone rotates it to thumb Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Draws 1st metacarpal forward and Superficial palmar branch of radial Opponens pollicis Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Hand trapezium rotates it medially artery Adducts digits toward axial line of Bases of proximal phalanx and hand (3rd digit); flexes digits at Palmar interosseous muscles Sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5 extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, and Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Hand metacarpophalngeal joint and 5 extends interphalangeal joints Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Superficial palmar branch of ulnar Palmaris brevis Skin of medial border of palm Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip Hand retinaculum nerve Sternal half of , sternum to Pectoral branch of thoraco‐acromial 7th , cartilages of true , Lateral of intertubercular sulcus of Flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm Pectoralis major Medial and lateral pectoral nerves artery, perforating branches of Pectoral region/ aponeurosis of external oblique humerus medially internal thoracic artery muscle Pectoral branch of thoraco‐acromial Outer surface of upper margin of ribs Lowers lateral angle of scapula and Pectoralis minor Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral nerve and intercostal lateral thoracic Pectoral region/axilla 3–5 protracts scapula arteries Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and Abducts and extends thumb at Abductor pollicis longus Base of 1st metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane carpometacarpal joint Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar Weak flexion of forearm when Lateral side of distal end of radius Radial nerve Radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm ridge of humerus forearm is midpronated Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal and Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve (deep branch) Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm slip to 2nd metacarpal Distal third of lateral supracondylar Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and Extensor carpi radialis longus Radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm ridge of humerus slip to 3rd metacarpal Lateral epicondyle of humerus and Extensor carpi ulnaris Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends and adducts hand at wrist Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm posterior border of ulna Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends 5th digit Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor expansions of medial four Extends medial four digits, assists in Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm digits wrist extension Posterior surface of ulna and Extends 2nd digit and helps extend Extensor indicis Extensor expansion of 2nd digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane hand at wrist Posterior surface of radius and Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of Extends proximal phalanx of thumb Extensor pollicis brevis Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane thumb at carpometacarpal joint Extends distal phalanx of thumb at Posterior surface of middle third of Dorsal base of distal phalanx of Extensor pollicis longus Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) interphalangeal and Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm ulna, interosseous membrane thumb metacarpophalangeal joints Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Lateral, posterior, and anterior Radial recurrent artery, posterior Supinator Radial nerve (deep branch) Supinates forearm Posterior forearm supinator crest of ulna surfaces of proximal third of radius interosseous arteries

07/16/2015 Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION)

Clavicular part : flexes and medially rotates arm Lateral third of anterior clavicle, Posterior circumflex humeral artery, Acromial part: abducts arm beyond Deltoid lateral , inferior edge of of humerus Axillary nerve deltoid branch of thoraco‐acromial Shoulder initial 15 degrees done by artery supraspinatus Spinal part: extends and laterally rotates arm Infraspinous fossa of scapula and Middle facet of of Lateral rotation of arm (with teres Infraspinatus Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Shoulder humerus minor) Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal Spinous processes of T7–L5 perforating branches of 9th, 10th, Extends, adducts, and medially Latissimus dorsi vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac Intertubercular sulcus of humerus Thoracodorsal nerve and 11th posterior intercostal, Shoulder rotates humerus at shoulder crest, last 3 ribs subcostal, and first three lumbar arteries Costal surface of medial border of Protracts and rotates scapula and Serratus anterior Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 ribs Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery Shoulder scapula holds it against thoracic wall Upper border of 1st rib and its Inferior surface of middle third of Clavicular branch of thoraco‐acromial Subclavius Nerve to subclavius Anchors and depresses clavicle Shoulder cartilage clavicle artery Medially rotates arm at shoulder and Subscapular artery, lateral thoracic Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of humerus Upper and lower subscapular nerves adducts it, helps hold humeral head Shoulder artery in glenoid cavity Supraspinous fossa of scapula and Superior facet of greater tubercle of Initiates arm abduction, acts with Supraspinatus Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Shoulder deep fascia humerus muscles Posterior surface of inferior angle of Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of Teres major Lower subscapular nerve Adducts and medially rotates arm Circumflex scapular artery Shoulder scapula humerus Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of Inferior facet of greater tubercle of Teres minor Axillary nerve Laterally rotates arm Circumflex scapular artery Shoulder lateral border of scapula humerus Dorsal scapular artery, transverse Posterior tubercles of transverse Medial border of scapula from Ventral rami of C3–C4 and dorsal Elevates scapula medially, inferiorly Levator scapulae cervical artery, ascending cervical Superficial back processes of C1–C4 superior angle to spine scapular nerve rotates glenoid cavity artery Dorsal scapular OR deep branch of Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and transverse cervical artery, dorsal Spinous processes of T2–T5 Medial border of scapula below base Rhomboid major Dorsal scapular nerve retracts and rotates it to depress perforating branches of the upper Superficial back vertebrae of spine of scapula glenoid cavity five or six posterior intercostal arteries artery Dorsal scapular artery OR deep Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and branch of transverse cervical artery, Ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 Medial border of scapula at spine of Rhomboid minor Dorsal scapular nerve retracts and rotates it to depress dorsal perforating branches of the Superficial back and T1 vertebrae scapula glenoid cavity upper five or six posterior intercostal arteries Superior nuchal line, external Transverse cervical artery, dorsal occipital protuberance, nuchal Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, Elevates, retracts, and rotates Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) perforating branches of posterior Superficial back , spinous processes of and spine of scapula scapula; lower fibers depress scapula intercostal arteries C7–T12

07/16/2015