DOCSLIB.ORG

Upper Extremity Muscle Table

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Upper Extremity Muscle Table Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd metacarpal Median nerve Flexes and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery Anterior forearm Humeral head: medial epicondyle of Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base Flexor carpi ulnaris humerus Ulnar head: olecranon and Ulnar nerve Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm of 5th metacarpal posterior border of ulna Medial and anterior surface of Flexes distal phalanges of medial four Palmar base of distal phalanges of Medial part: ulnar nerve Lateral Anterior interosseous artery, Flexor digitorum profundus proximal 3/4 of ulna and digits, assists with flexion of hand at Anterior forearm medial four digits part: median nerve muscular branches of ulnar artery interosseous membrane wrist Humero‐ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid Flexes middle and proximal Bodies of middle phalanges of medial Flexor digitorum superficialis process of ulna Median nerve phalanges of medial four digits, flexes Ulnar and radial arteries Anterior forearm four digits Radial head: superior half of anterior hand at wrist radius Anterior surface of radius and Palmar base of distal phalanx of Flexor pollicis longus Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Flexes phalanges of thumb Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm interosseous membrane thumb Distal half of flexor retinaculum and Flexes hand at wrist and tenses Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Median nerve Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm palmar aponeurosis palmar aponeurosis Pronator quadratus Distal fourth of anterior ulna Distal fourth of anterior radius Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Pronates forearm Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm Two heads: medial epicondyle of Midway along lateral surface of Pronates forearm and assists with Pronator teres humerus and coronoid process of Median nerve Anterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm radius elbow flexion ulna Posterior surface of lateral Lateral surface of olecranon and Assists triceps in extending elbow, Anconeus Radial nerve (C5–T1) Deep brachial artery Arm epicondyle of humerus posterior proximal ulna abducts ulna in pronation Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm Flexes and supinates forearm at Biceps brachii Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6) Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm Short head: tip of coracoid process of via bicipital aponeurosis elbow scapula Distal half of anterior surface of Coronoid process and tuberosity of Musculocutaneous nerve and radial Radial recurrent artery, muscular Brachialis Flexes forearm at elbow Arm humerus ulna nerve (C7) branches of brachial artery Middle third of medial surface of Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process of scapula Musculocutaneous nerve Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm humerus Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Extends forearm at elbow; long head Lateral head: upper half of posterior Posterior surface of olecranon stabilizes head of abducted humerus Triceps brachii Radial nerve Branch of profunda brachii artery Arm humerus process of ulna and extends and adducts arm at Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial shoulder and posterior humerus Pisiform bone and tendon of flexor Medial side of base of proximal Abductor digiti minimi Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Abducts little finger Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand carpi ulnaris phalanx of little finger (5th digit) Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of Lateral side of base of proximal Superficial palmar branch of radial Abductor pollicis brevis Median nerve (recurrent branch) Abducts thumb Hand scaphoid and trapezium phalanx of thumb artery Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate and Medial side of base of proximal Adductor pollicis adjacent bones Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Adducts thumb Deep palmar arch Hand phalanx of thumb Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Abduct digits from axial line of hand Adjacent sides of two metacarpal Base of proximal phalanges, extensor (3rd digit); flex digits at Dorsal interosseous muscles Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Hand bones expansion of digits 2–4 metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints 07/16/2015 Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Flexor retinaculum and hook of Medial side of base of proximal Flexes proximal phalanx of little Flexor digiti minimi brevis Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand hamate bone phalanx of little finger finger Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Lateral side of base of proximal Superficial palmar branch of radial Flexor pollicis brevis Median nerve (recurrent branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb Hand trapezium phalanx of thumb artery Extend digits at interphalangeal Lateral two tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor expansion of Lumbrical, first and second Median nerve (digital branches) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand digitorum profundus digits 2 and 3 joints Extend digits at interphalangeal Medial three tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor expansion of Lumbrical, third and fourth Ulnar nerve (deep branch) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal Superficial and deep palmar arches Hand digitorum profundus digits 4 and 5 joints Flexor retinaculum and hook of Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and Opponens digiti minimi Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Hand hamate bone rotates it to face thumb Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of Draws 1st metacarpal forward and Superficial palmar branch of radial Opponens pollicis Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Hand trapezium rotates it medially artery Adducts digits toward axial line of Bases of proximal phalanx and hand (3rd digit); flexes digits at Palmar interosseous muscles Sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5 extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, and Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Hand metacarpophalngeal joint and 5 extends interphalangeal joints Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Superficial palmar branch of ulnar Palmaris brevis Skin of medial border of palm Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip Superficial palmar arch Hand retinaculum nerve Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to Pectoral branch of thoraco‐acromial 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of Flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm Pectoralis major Medial and lateral pectoral nerves artery, perforating branches of Pectoral region/ axilla aponeurosis of external oblique humerus medially internal thoracic artery muscle Pectoral branch of thoraco‐acromial Outer surface of upper margin of ribs Lowers lateral angle of scapula and Pectoralis minor Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral nerve and intercostal lateral thoracic Pectoral region/axilla 3–5 protracts scapula arteries Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and Abducts and extends thumb at Abductor pollicis longus Base of 1st metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane carpometacarpal joint Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar Weak flexion of forearm when Brachioradialis Lateral side of distal end of radius Radial nerve Radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm ridge of humerus forearm is midpronated Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal and Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve (deep branch) Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm slip to 2nd metacarpal Distal third of lateral supracondylar Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal and Extensor carpi radialis longus Radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery, radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm ridge of humerus slip to 3rd metacarpal Lateral epicondyle of humerus and Extensor carpi ulnaris Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends and adducts hand at wrist Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm posterior border of ulna Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends 5th digit Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm Extensor expansions of medial four Extends medial four digits, assists in Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm digits wrist extension Posterior surface of ulna and Extends 2nd digit and helps extend Extensor indicis Extensor expansion of 2nd digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane hand at wrist Posterior surface of radius and Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of Extends proximal phalanx of thumb Extensor pollicis brevis Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm interosseous membrane thumb at carpometacarpal joint Extends distal phalanx of thumb at Posterior surface of middle third of Dorsal base of distal phalanx of Extensor
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Study on the Absence of Palmaris Longus in a Multi-Racial Population
    108472 NV-OA7 pg26-28.qxd 11/05/2007 05:02 PM Page 26 (Black plate) Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2007 Vol 1 No 1 SA Roohi, etal A Study on the Absence of Palmaris Longus in a Multi- racial Population SA Roohi, MS (Ortho) (UKM), L Choon-Sian, MD (UKM), A Shalimar, MS (Ortho) (UKM), GH Tan, MS (Ortho) (UKM), AS Naicker, M Med Rehab (UM) Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ABSTRACT Most standard textbooks of hand surgery quote the prevalence of absence of palmaris longus at around 15%3-5. Palmaris longus is a dispensable muscle with a long tendon However, this figure varies considerably in different ethnic which is very useful in reconstructive surgery. It is absent groups. A study by Thompson et al6 on 300 Caucasian 2.8 to 24% of the population depending on the race/ethnicity subjects found that palmaris longus was absent unilaterally in studied. Four hundred and fifty healthy subjects (equally 16%, and bilaterally in 9% of the study sample for an overall distributed among Malaysia’s 3 major ethnic groups) were prevalence of absence of 24%. Similarly, George7 noted on clinically examined for the presence or absence of palmaris 276 cadavers of European descent that its absence was 13% longus. This tendon was found to be absent unilaterally in unilaterally, 8.7% bilaterally for an overall absence of 15.2%. 6.4% of study subjects, and bilaterally in 2.9% of study Another cadaveric study by Vanderhooft8 in Seattle, USA participants. Malays have a high prevalence of palmaris reported its overall absence to be 12%.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolated Avulsion Fracture of the Lesser Tuberosity of The
    (aspects of trauma) Isolated Avulsion Fracture of the Lesser Tuberosity of the Humerus in an Adult: Case Report and Literature Review Aman Dhawan, MD, Kevin Kirk, DO, Thomas Dowd, MD, and William Doukas, MD solated avulsion fractures of also describe our operative technique, comminuted 3-cm lesser tuberosity the lesser tuberosity of the including use of heavy, nonabsorb- fracture fragment retracted approxi- proximal humerus are rare. able suture. mately 2 cm from the donor site We report the case of a right- (Figures 1B–1D). No biceps tendon Ihand–dominant woman in her early ASE EPORT subluxation or injury and no intra- C R 30s who sustained such an injury, A right-hand–dominant woman in articular pathology were noted. with an intact subscapularis tendon her early 30s presented with right The lesser tuberosity fracture was attached to the lesser tuberosity frag- shoulder pain 1 day after a fall down surgically repaired less than 2 weeks ment. Treatment included surgery to a flight of stairs. During the acci- after injury. Through a deltopectoral restore tension to the subscapularis dent, as her feet slipped out from approach, the rotator interval and muscle and maintain the force couple underneath her and her torso fell the 3×2-cm fracture fragment were about the shoulder joint. One year after injury, the patient reported no pain, excellent range of motion, and “[To be diagnosed] this injury...requires... return to activities. This case demonstrates the diag- careful review of orthogonal radiographs nostic challenge of this injury, which requires a high index of suspicion and and advanced imaging.” careful review of orthogonal radio- graphs and advanced imaging.
    [Show full text]
  • List: Bones & Bone Markings of Appendicular Skeleton and Knee
    List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 Superior Appendicular Skeleton I. Clavicle (Left or Right?) A. Acromial End B. Conoid Tubercle C. Shaft D. Sternal End II. Scapula (Left or Right?) A. Superior border (superior margin) B. Medial border (vertebral margin) C. Lateral border (axillary margin) D. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch) E. Acromion Process F. Coracoid Process G. Glenoid Fossa (cavity) H. Infraglenoid tubercle I. Subscapular fossa J. Superior & Inferior Angle K. Scapular Spine L. Supraspinous Fossa M. Infraspinous Fossa III. Humerus (Left or Right?) A. Head of Humerus B. Anatomical Neck C. Surgical Neck D. Greater Tubercle E. Lesser Tubercle F. Intertubercular fossa (bicipital groove) G. Deltoid Tuberosity H. Radial Groove (groove for radial nerve) I. Lateral Epicondyle J. Medial Epicondyle K. Radial Fossa L. Coronoid Fossa M. Capitulum N. Trochlea O. Olecranon Fossa IV. Radius (Left or Right?) A. Head of Radius B. Neck C. Radial Tuberosity D. Styloid Process of radius E. Ulnar Notch of radius V. Ulna (Left or Right?) A. Olecranon Process B. Coronoid Process of ulna C. Trochlear Notch of ulna Human Anatomy List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 D. Radial Notch of ulna E. Head of Ulna F. Styloid Process VI. Carpals (8) A. Proximal row (4): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform B. Distal row (4): Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate VII. Metacarpals: Numbered 1-5 A. Base B. Shaft C. Head VIII. Phalanges A. Proximal Phalanx B. Middle Phalanx C. Distal Phalanx ============================================================================= Inferior Appendicular Skeleton IX. Os Coxae (Innominate bone) (Left or Right?) A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Upper Limb Anatomy Bones and Joints
    Chapter 5 Upper limb anatomy Bones and joints Scapula Costal Surface The costal (anterior) surface of the scapula faces the ribcage. It contains a large concave depression over most of its surface, known as the subscapular fossa. The subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle) originates from this fossa. Originating from the superolateral surface of the costal scapula is the coracoid process. It is a hook-like projection, which lies just underneath the clavicle. Three muscles attach to the coracoid process: the pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, the short head of biceps brachii. Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Subscapular fossa © teachmeanatomy Lateral surface • Glenoid fossa - a shallow cavity, located superiorly on the lateral border. It articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. • Supraglenoid tubercle - a roughening immediately superior to the glenoid fossa. The place of attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii. • Infraglenoid tubercle - a roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa. The place of attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii. Supraglenoid tubercle Glenoid fossa Infraglenoid tubercle gn teachmeanatomy Posterior surface • Spine - the most prominent feature of the posterior scapula. It runs transversely across the scapula, dividing the surface into two. • Acromion - projection of the spine that arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. • Infraspinous fossa - the area below the spine of the scapula, it displays a convex shape. The infraspinatus muscle originates from this area. • Supraspinous fossa - the area above the spine of the scapula, it is much smaller than the infraspinous fossa, and is more convex in shape.The supraspinatus muscle originates from this area.
    [Show full text]
  • 14-Anatomy of Forearm
    FOREARM By : Prof.Saeed Abulmakarem. Dr. Sanaa Al-Sharawy OBJECTIVES §At the end of this lecture, the student should able to : §List the names of the Flexors Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common flexor origin of flexor muscles and their innervation & movements. §Identify supination & poronation and list the muscles produced these 2 movements. §List the names of the Extensor Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common extensor origin of extensor musles and their innervation & movements. n The forearm extends from elbow to wrist. n It posses two bones radius laterally & Ulna medially. n The two bones are connected together by the interosseous membrane. n This membrane allows movement of Pronation and Supination while the two bones are connected together. n Also it gives origin for the deep muscles. § The forearm is Fascial Compartments of the Forearm enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia, which is attached to the posterior border of the ulna . §This fascial sheath, together with the interosseous membrane & fibrous intermuscular septa, divides the forearm into compartments, each having its own muscles, nerves, and blood supply. These muscles: 8 FLEXOR GROUP § Act on the elbow & wrist joints and those of the fingers. § Form fleshy masses in the proximal part and become tendinous in the distal part of the forearm. •Arranged in three groups: I-Superficial: 4 Ø Pronator teres Ø Flexor carpi radialis Ø Palmaris longus III- Deep: 3 Ø Flexor carpi ulnaris Ø Flexor digitorum profundus II-Intermediate: 1 Ø Flexor pollicis longus Ø Ø Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus n Superficial Flexors: n They arise - more or less- from the common flexor origin (front of medial epicondyle).
    [Show full text]
  • Body Mechanics As the Rotator Cuff Gether in a Cuff-Shape Across the Greater and Lesser Tubercles the on Head of the Humerus
    EXPerT CONTENT Body Mechanics by Joseph E. Muscolino | Artwork Giovanni Rimasti | Photography Yanik Chauvin Rotator Cuff Injury www.amtamassage.org/mtj WORKING WITH CLieNTS AFFecTED BY THIS COmmON CONDITION ROTATOR CUFF GROUP as the rotator cuff group because their distal tendons blend and attach to- The four rotator cuff muscles are gether in a cuff-shape across the greater and lesser tubercles on the head of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, the humerus. Although all four rotator cuff muscles have specific concen- teres minor, and subscapularis (Fig- tric mover actions at the glenohumeral (GH) joint, their primary functional ure 1). These muscles are described importance is to contract isometrically for GH joint stabilization. Because 17 Before practicing any new modality or technique, check with your state’s or province’s massage therapy regulatory authority to ensure that it is within the defined scope of practice for massage therapy. the rotator cuff group has both mover and stabilization roles, it is extremely functionally active and therefore often physically stressed and injured. In fact, after neck and low back conditions, the shoulder is the most com- Supraspinatus monly injured joint of the human body. ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY The three most common types of rotator cuff pathology are tendinitis, tendinosus, and tearing. Excessive physi- cal stress placed on the rotator cuff tendon can cause ir- ritation and inflammation of the tendon, in other words, tendinitis. If the physical stress is chronic, the inflam- matory process often subsides and degeneration of the fascial tendinous tissue occurs; this is referred to as tendinosus. The degeneration of tendinosus results in weakness of the tendon’s structure, and with continued Teres minor physical stress, whether it is overuse microtrauma or a macrotrauma, a rotator cuff tendon tear might occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Median Nerve Compression at Pronator Teres
    1 Median Nerve Compression at Pronator Teres Surgical Indications and Considerations Anatomical Considerations: The median nerve and brachial artery travel together down the arm. Therefore, one must be very careful not to interfere with either the median nerve or the brachial artery, especially when conducting surgical procedures. In the area of the pronator teres, there are many tendons as well. It is important to identify, as much as possible, the correct site of compression. Pathogenesis: The median nerve can get entrapped or compressed by several structures in the arm. The pronator teres muscle is the most common. Others entrapment sites include the flexor digitorum superficialis arch, the lacertus fibrosis (bicipital aponeurosis), and ligament of Struthers (frequency occurs in that order). For compression of the median nerve at the pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis, the cause is almost always due to hypertrophy of the respected muscle. This hypertrophy is from quick, forceful and repeated movements to the involved muscle. Examples include a carpenter or a baseball batter. As the muscle hypertrophies, the signal from the median nerve is diminished resulting in paresthesias in the median nerve distribution (lateral arm and hand) distal to the site of compression. Pain in the volar part of the forearm, often aggravated by repetitive supination and pronation, is a common symptom of pronator involvement. Another indicator is forearm pain with the compression of muscle such as pain in the volar part of the forearm implicating pronator teres. Onset is typically insidious and diagnosis is usually delayed 9 months to 2 years. Epidemiology: Pronator teres syndrome is the second most common cause of median nerve compression behind carpal tunnel syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • Should Joint Presentation File
    6/5/2017 The Shoulder Joint Bones of the shoulder joint • Scapula – Glenoid Fossa Infraspinatus fossa – Supraspinatus fossa Subscapular fossa – Spine Coracoid process – Acromion process • Clavicle • Humerus – Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle – Intertubercular goove Deltoid tuberosity – Head of Humerus Shoulder Joint • Bones: – humerus – scapula Shoulder Girdle – clavicle • Articulation – glenohumeral joint • Glenoid fossa of the scapula (less curved) • head of the humerus • enarthrodial (ball and socket) 1 6/5/2017 Shoulder Joint • Connective tissue – glenoid labrum: cartilaginous ring, surrounds glenoid fossa • increases contact area between head of humerus and glenoid fossa. • increases joint stability – Glenohumeral ligaments: reinforce the glenohumeral joint capsule • superior, middle, inferior (anterior side of joint) – coracohumeral ligament (superior) • Muscles play a crucial role in maintaining glenohumeral joint stability. Movements of the Shoulder Joint • Arm abduction, adduction about the shoulder • Arm flexion, extension • Arm hyperflexion, hyperextension • Arm horizontal adduction (flexion) • Arm horizontal abduction (extension) • Arm external and internal rotation – medial and lateral rotation • Arm circumduction – flexion, abduction, extension, hyperextension, adduction Scapulohumeral rhythm • Shoulder Joint • Shoulder Girdle – abduction – upward rotation – adduction – downward rotation – flexion – elevation/upward rot. – extension – Depression/downward rot. – internal rotation – Abduction (protraction) – external rotation
    [Show full text]
  • Elbow Checklist
    Workbook Musculoskeletal Ultrasound September 26, 2013 Shoulder Checklist Long biceps tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in slight medial rotation; elbow in flexion and supination Plane/ region: Transverse (axial): from a) intraarticular portion to b) myotendinous junction (at level of the pectoralis major tendon). What you will see: Long head of the biceps tendon Supraspinatus tendon Transverse humeral ligament Subscapularis tendon Lesser tuberosity Greater tuberosity Short head of the biceps Long head of the biceps (musculotendinous junction) Humeral shaft Pectoralis major tendon Plane/ region: Logitudinal (sagittal): What you will see: Long head of biceps; fibrillar structure Lesser tuberosity Long head of the biceps tendon Notes: Subscapularis muscle and tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in lateral rotation; elbow in flexion/ supination Plane/ region: longitudinal (axial): full vertical width of tendon. What you will see: Subscapularis muscle, tendon, and insertion Supraspinatus tendon Coracoid process Deltoid Greater tuberosity Lesser tuberosity Notes: Do passive medial/ lateral rotation while examining Plane/ region: Transverse (sagittal): What you will see: Lesser tuberosity Fascicles of subscapularis tendon Supraspinatus tendon Patient position: Lateral to examiner Shoulder in extension and medial rotation Hand on ipsilateral buttock Plane/ region: Longitudinal (oblique sagittal) Identify the intra-articular portion of biceps LH in the transverse plane; then
    [Show full text]
  • Early Passive Motion After Surgery
    www.western -ortho.com www.denvershoulder.com Early Passive Motion after Shoulder Surgery Passive motion involves someone else moving the affected arm through the motion described. Or, in the case of elbow flexion/extension, you can use your opposite (non-affected arm) to move through the motion. Do 5 repetitions of each stretch 3 times per day. When you feel a slight ‘tightness’ with your arm in the position diagrammed, hold that position for 30 seconds. If lying down is difficult, the stretches can be done while seated. Shoulder Flexion Support arm at the wrist and elbow. With the thumb pointed forward, gently bring the arm up and forward then back to the side. Shoulder Abduction Support arm at wrist and elbow. With the thumb pointed away from the body and palm up, gently bring the arm out to the side. www.western -ortho.com www.denvershoulder.com Shoulder Internal/External Rotation Support arm at wrist and elbow. With the elbow at the side and bent to a 90 degree angle, gently rotate the hand away from the body down toward the table the individual is lying on. Elbow Flexion/Extension Forearm Pronation/Supination Grasp the wrist of your affected arm with your unaffected With your elbow and forearm supported on a table, hand. With your affected elbow against your side and your gently turn forearm so your palm is down, then turn palm up, gently bend and straighten your elbow. forearm so your palm is up. This can be done actively (without assistance from your other hand). .
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of the Human Body
    STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY Vertebral Levels 2011 - 2012 Landmarks and internal structures found at various vertebral levels. Vertebral Landmark Internal Significance Level • Bifurcation of common carotid artery. C3 Hyoid bone Superior border of thyroid C4 cartilage • Larynx ends; trachea begins • Pharynx ends; esophagus begins • Inferior thyroid A crosses posterior to carotid sheath. • Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion C6 Cricoid cartilage behind inf. thyroid a. • Inferior laryngeal nerve enters the larynx. • Vertebral a. enters the transverse. Foramen of C 6. • Thoracic duct reaches its greatest height C7 Vertebra prominens • Isthmus of thyroid gland Sternoclavicular joint (it is a • Highest point of apex of lung. T1 finger's breadth below the bismuth of the thyroid gland T1-2 Superior angle of the scapula T2 Jugular notch T3 Base of spine of scapula • Division between superior and inferior mediastinum • Ascending aorta ends T4 Sternal angle (of Louis) • Arch of aorta begins & ends. • Trachea ends; primary bronchi begin • Heart T5-9 Body of sternum T7 Inferior angle of scapula • Inferior vena cava passes through T8 diaphragm T9 Xiphisternal junction • Costal slips of diaphragm T9-L3 Costal margin • Esophagus through diaphragm T10 • Aorta through diaphragm • Thoracic duct through diaphragm T12 • Azygos V. through diaphragm • Pyloris of stomach immediately above and to the right of the midline. • Duodenojejunal flexure to the left of midline and immediately below it Tran pyloric plane: Found at the • Pancreas on a line with it L1 midpoint between the jugular • Origin of Superior Mesenteric artery notch and the pubic symphysis • Hilum of kidneys: left is above and right is below. • Celiac a.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Limb Fractures in Rugby in Huddersfield 1986- 1 990
    Br J Sp Med 1991; 25(3) From the Clinic Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.25.3.139 on 1 September 1991. Downloaded from Upper limb fractures in rugby in Huddersfield 1986- 1 990 K.S. Eyres FRCS', A. Abdel-Salam FRCS2 and J. Cleary FRCS3 Research Registrar, Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 2 Orthopaedic Registrar, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, UK 3 Orthopaedic Consultant, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, UK Most injuries sustained by rugby players affect the soft Case 1 tissues, and fracture is relatively uncommon. Whereas the lower limb is most affected in footballers, the upper limb A 24-year-old full-back fractured his left clavicle in a tends to be injured in rugby players. Thirty consecutive scrummage in 1988 (Figure 1). Six months later, he fractures and ten dislocations affecting the upper limb, sustained a direct blow to the left shoulder. Radio- sustained by 35 rugby players, are reported. graphs showed a fracture to the greater tuberosity of the left humerus (Figure 2). He was treated with a Keywords: Rugby injury, hamate fracture, sports injury collar and cuff and was able to return to matchplay after 2 months. Nine months later he fell onto his left hand after a tackle. Radiographs showed a sagittal Most injuries sustained in rugby matches are to the fracture of the body of the hamate and a fracture of soft tissues. Fractures are relatively uncommon, the base of the fourth metacarpal (Figure 3). He was estimated to account for only 4% of injuries in adult treated conservatively with plaster immobilization, matches and for 5% of injuries in school matches'.
    [Show full text]