DOCSLIB.ORG

Selected Articles ~Censored from La Prensa JUNE 1986

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Selected Articles ~Censored from La Prensa JUNE 1986 United States Department of State Selected Articles ~Censored from La Prensa JUNE 1986 PERIOO!SMO NACIOMAL Sin LibH1nd de l'remu no huy Lilwr(ml AL SERVICIO OE LA VEl1DAD y LA JUSl !CIA APARTAUO :"fo. ln r.,,,d,,.1,, ,., , o,. \I""" <l·· 1~10 Managu@i Mi6rc-0les 28 de Mayo de 1986 ~~~·~~..~.~-~~~.~~~.~~~~~~~·-~~~~.~-~~.~~~-~~~~~~·~~-~~~~-~.,,~~~~~~. en 3 Por: Ag,,olin <111 Grncl" tad or" El ,,,rnw<rn\rn en!<c vkac~nclllarns dul Grupo dG r'AMJ\MA, 23 DE b\!\YO (ACAN-EFE)_- Grupo" <le lr!l· Contsdora (Colombin, M(;xlco_ f"rn,;rnii \'Venezuela) y baio '"'"''~nzaban a l"'d" d~ hov "~ow,qa1 las dile delonml<>S d~ loo palses cenlro:m18nc8nos Dhiorlo nl rentes po,;1u1d'; p,11a ooor,r llrnlks ~I \3ma•1o y mm" marlco P,1> o"la capilal 5n prol(1ngar/\ por lm r1;,, mas y onenlo d~ Ins ejG•c1tvo <I« CrrnlroamG1 lea_ por pnrnera fiStil prnvislo quo 1'o.,(:il>Y3 rnaf\ano. vul en lo« Ires a(K>O de conver>"clun(·f. '1A µoz rJo Con Los dlplorn&tiGos discul~n ul canl\<llo del Acla c!n Hq,,,rk; lkgl'cho de dik !uerw, ho_primeros ;n5Hlu 1enl<•.< 11Mk,; d" I" F\<'puhH­ <''' <bn cucnl:t d~ Hna ,~,-;,. j,\d'~~·~,~1"; ~;:~'1~E ~,";e~:'L: 1'Uf(, Inc· quo ban !enid<> que de <hihJC· ""lV '""'ivo \' otr-0> <k 1rwnnr •ilknc.1dod. qm• !'m'"- '"'' prlldl<:u "'' 1ll!1n de hon provoeaUo la< lha·lo,. ""'~' geuda r:•rn levantar I'""" ntinwrv <le llneHs n•ta" ~o!Ja~ Jurn .. IE• lo> \Ellirnn' !Nt: bo rnporl"d" quc a con­ d!as, cspccblrnento In.< ,i,. "QCUO!lcrn de lo" virntc,, L1n- U.ltimrrn hOr<!'>, q11e han sidQ acmnpnfvidas d" vienln.•; hu mcanad," Como re .• ul!n<ln lk l" 1·ndin" d~ vicnl<>s de grau "Anli!s <k firnrnr, l>uy ('n,.todorn en e.rn Jecho dos y oycr se rnumo ''" la (Guatcn1ala) recnmn" \VASI11NG'l'ON, MA YO juni<l rmrn firmar <'! Ad« <J"'' revis"r dctenidruncn­ W (EFE).- Lo• pabes Casa fllmico em• d pr~,-[ dnr <JUC IW "" resp~tnd• In de Pa£ de Con/adorn, dijo pn>vlsta, "•m es l'"!pa rfa te Im C.'til'!!l{ldOT<BS de! "~"!mamel'ic1moo no hon hoy <'I pr<mi<len!e de Hon­ Co.<ta Rk<t, El Sn!l'mlor, dente 1Vmold /leag""· Jech" lope <Id 6 <I~ junlo poro jirmrH -,,I Actwf'lO Actu, yu !)U<' de rrnd" slr­ recibldo Mi"t"na i!lsi d,.rns, Jost Au,on" lfoyo. a .. oi€r11ola, nl <fo H"'1rh1- Los ci'w" prnsid<mle1 vc !<mer "" <Jrnf'r<in <J<rn miuch\TL dd Departame"­ El mmalatario handco­ ras". de Cenlromm'irlca <lf'd­ d~ Paz. alogando <!"''era di~ron <•I pasaclo d" -'" llccc.,or io ml!s tk"'J'" pa­ lo de E'tado porn po~(cr­ re,\a mo,,iJesM q•w, si "" '"'""'" realiw wrn vfoi­ fi" gnr lo J<'chu to po de! 6 de se ""scribe el Acta de la <>Jicla! a Est'1dos U11I- mrrno Pfl Esquipul"-' ra S"ll"ir ucgndcrndn •· Coioon:io a l\UCOIN BHWG!i:TOWN, MAYO W. IF.f'l".l.· L"" ei<'<'<"""ic'; em\>"<'1N!L hoy en B»rl>~do., en. un ambiento lranq\!ilo, HcJllu, "":ibi<lo In ,;g11itll· mientrns los 176.IJOO h"rba­ den;c; rcgistrados a~\lde" a lar, urnas a ilop-0sitm· sw; vo­ " \os Loo comido,, ~mpn;mm Cnrnondan!~ ofieinlme!lto a i.,, nu"ve de fhm~n Cabrales A. b maiiona mlen!ras largns Minislro C'onwrdo lnleri-0J hla" e.>tnbnn fornmdos m;\s Wisch1rnwski M»n"g"" Jiiignn Poa!l ob Pz\g. 12 No,.1 Selected Articles Censored from La Prensa, Managua, Nicaragua October 1985 - April 1986 U.S. Department of State June 1986 r CONTENTS Introduction 1 ''Without Liberty, There Will Never Be Peace," Violeta Chamorro, May 21, 1~86 4 Selected articles censored from La Prensa,· Managua, Nicaragua, October 1985 - April 1986 Church to announce formation of human rights commission 9 Church newspaper Iglesia publishes first issue 9 Interior Ministry confiscates Iglesia 10 Labor leaders protest reduction of Christmas bonus 11 Cubans' neighbors frustrated by "constant disturbances" 13 Political parties criticize state of emergency 13 Outdoor mass prohibited, transportation restricted 14 Shortages of basic goods reported 17 Government shuts church radio station for two days 17 Cardinal Obando to celebrate confirmations 18 Obando celebrates outdoor Mass 19 Rains damage crops 20 Passengers complain of high taxi fares, lack of service 21 Sandinista and independent student groups clash 21 High costs force car repair shops to close 22 Security police interrogate church, business, labor leaders 23 Veterinarians' Association elects officers 25 Evangelicals' meeting disrupted by mobs 25 Parents protest required purchase of newspapers 26 Resistance among "volunteer" coffee pickers reported 26 Independent Liberal Party withdraws from panel on Constitution 27 Armed robbers active in two neighborhoods 28 Permission required to visit embassies 30 Pharmacists in financial straits, government action requested 31 Harassment by Masaya Security Police reported 31 Masaya Security Police interrogate members of Catholic church 32 High prices drive liquor consumption down 33 Human Rights Commission reports increase in complaints 34 Government employees' pay withheld for not picking coffee 35 Government inspector threatens market worker 35 Woman living with Cuban shot, details uncertain 35 Need to halt exodus of professionals noted 36 Social Christian youths' deaths denounced 37 Government bans ceremonies on anniversary of La Prensa editor's assassination 37 Godoy protests arrests, state of emergency 38 Minister of Education reviews year, cites problems 39 Consumers find lard inedible, use it to make candles 41 Political parties not in National Assembly restricted 41 Obando denounces human rights violations 42 INTRODUCTION For many years, the independent newspaper La Prensa has been synonymous with the struggle for freedom in Nicaragua, Under former editor Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, La Prensa was a major force of opposition to the Somoza dictatorship and a frequent target of government repression. Chamorro's assassination in 1978 touched off the popular rebellion leading to Somoza's fall, Under the Sandinistas, La Prensa continues to play a vital rol~ in the struggle for democracy in Nicaragua. La Prensa's ability or inability to publish freely has become, like the exercise of other civil and political rights in Nicaragua, a barometer of government repression. After Somoza, the outlook for basic rights seemed excellent, The _Sandinista-dominated Government of National Reconstruction guaranteed freedom of the press and speech among other rights, In the program of government sent to the organization of American States on July 12, 1979, the Sandinista-dominated Government of National Reconstruction promised "a special guarantee shall be granted to the freedom of issuing information and the publishing of information [and] all laws that repress freedom of information shall be abolished." On August 21, 1979, the National Government of Reconstruction issued the Statute of Rights and Guarantees of Nicaraguans guaranteeing basic civil and human rights, including freedom of the press and expression, Despite their promises, the Sandinistas immediately took control of the media, seizing two television stations and most radio stations, Recognizing that it would be politically damaging to shut down the internationally renowned La Prensa, the Sandinistas tried instead to muzzle the paper through heavy censorship, arrests and imprisonment of editors and staff, bannings, slander, and economic pressures. In 1982, de facto government censorship became law when the government imposed a state of emergency formally suspending basic civil rights, including freedom of the press. Since then, La Prensa's editors have had to submit copy in advance to government censors. Editor Roberto Cardenal Chamorro estimates the paper has "suffered an average delay of public.g.tion of about five hours every day, and has found 47% of the submitted material censored,'' The government prohibits La Piensa from printing blank spaces to show where articles have been cut. - 1 - On April 7, 1986, 80% of the paper was censored, leading editors to cancel the issue. Censorship has resulted in La Prensa not publishing at all more than 40 times. The Sandinistas officially relaxed the state of emergency, including press restrictions, during the 1984 election campaign. In reality, the independent media remained severely restricted, La Prensa, for example, was prevented from printing an article and photographs of a rally for Arturo Cruz, the presidential candidate of the major democratic opposition coalition, The rally was violently disrupted by Sandinista mobs which attacked Cruz and his supporters. The Sandinista­ controlled media, on the other hand, continued to function freely during the election campaign. In October 1985, the Sandinistas announced the current crackdown on civil liberties, suspending basic civil and political rights. Shortly thereafter, the Sandinista­ controlled National Assembly amended the decree to allow freedom of the press for all but national security and economic matters. Government censors continue arbitrarily cutting material without fegard to the law. Editor Jaime Chamorro protested to Carlos Nunez, the President of the National Assembly and a Sandinista comandante, that the government ''has continued censoring La Prensa as if nothing had occurred in the Assembly. That is to say, it throws out, cuts and mutilates all kinds of information, especially that of a Catholic religious nature.'' In August 1982, Violeta Chamorro, a former member of the Sandinista junta and the widow of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Sr., wrote a famous article, ''Freedom of the Press Does Not Exist in Nicaragua." I cannot help remembering when on July 19 of 1979 I entered my homeland at the head of a new Government of National Reconstruction, accompanied by the good will, the understanding and support of all the democratic nations of the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nicaragua: the Threat of a Good Example?
    DiannaMelrose First Published 1985 Reprinted 1986,1987,1989 ©Oxfam 1985 Preface © Oxfam 1989 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Melrose, Dianna Nicaragua: the threat of a good example. 1. Nicaragua. Economic conditions I. Title 330.97285'053 ISBN 0-85598-070-2 ISBN 0 85598 070 2 Published by Oxfam, 274 Banbury Road, Oxford, 0X2 7DZ, UK. Printed by Oxfam Print Unit OX196/KJ/89 This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Preface vii Introduction 1 Chronology of Political Developments 2 1. The Somoza Era 4 The Miskitos and the Atlantic Coast The 1972 Earthquake Land Expropriation Obstacles to Community Development The Somoza Legacy 2. A New Start for the People 12 The Literacy Crusade Adult Education New Schools Public Health Miners' Health Land Reform New Cooperatives Food Production Consumption of Basic Foods Loss of Fear The Open Prisons Obstacles to Development 3. Development Under Fire 27 Miskito Resettlement Programme Disruption of Development Work Resettlement of Displaced People Economic Costs of the Fighting 4. Debt, Trade and Aid 39 Debt Trade Aid 5. The Role of Britain and Europe 45 UK Bilateral Aid Other European Donors EEC Aid Trade A Political Solution Europe's Role 6. Action for Change: Summary and Recommendations 59 Notes and References Abbreviations Further Reading iii IV Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank all the Nicaraguan people who gener- ously gave their time to help with research for this book, particularly Oxfam friends and project-holders who gave invaluable assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ends of Modernization: Development, Ideology, and Catastrophe in Nicaragua After the Alliance for Progress
    THE ENDS OF MODERNIZATION: DEVELOPMENT, IDEOLOGY, AND CATASTROPHE IN NICARAGUA AFTER THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by David Johnson Lee December 2015 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Richard Immerman, Advisory Chair, History, Temple University Dr. Harvey Neptune, History, Temple University Dr. David Farber, History, University of Kansas Dr. Michel Gobat, History, University of Iowa © Copyright 2015 by David Johnson Lee All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation traces the cultural and intellectual history of Nicaragua from the heyday of modernization as ideology and practice in the 1960s, when U.S. planners and politicians identified Nicaragua as a test case for the Alliance for Progress, to the triumph of neoliberalism in the 1990s. The modernization paradigm, implemented through collusion between authoritarian dictatorship and the U.S. development apparatus, began to fragment following the earthquake that destroyed Managua in 1972. The ideas that constituted this paradigm were repurposed by actors in Nicaragua and used to challenge the dominant power of the U.S. government, and also to structure political competition within Nicaragua. Using interviews, new archival material, memoirs, novels, plays, and newspapers in the United States and Nicaragua, I trace the way political actors used ideas about development to make and unmake alliances within Nicaragua, bringing about first the Sandinista Revolution, then the Contra War, and finally the neoliberal government that took power in 1990. I argue that because of both a changing international intellectual climate and resistance on the part of the people of Nicaragua, new ideas about development emphasizing human rights, pluralism, entrepreneurialism, indigenous rights, and sustainable development came to supplant modernization theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua, 1977-1979 Hollie Hicks 30 October 2012 Dr. Mark Pitten
    The Public Debate Over Carter’s Human Rights Foreign Policy: Nicaragua, 1977-1979 Hollie Hicks 30 October 2012 Dr. Mark Pittenger, History Dr. John Willis, History Dr. Andy Baker, Political Science Hicks 1 Thank you to those who helped me with this project and made it happen. To my Professors, Dr. Mark Pittenger and Dr. John Willis for guiding me through this process. To Hayley E. B. Stephens and Dale Espy Hicks for being my editors. To the rest of my family and friends for supporting my endeavor. Hicks 2 Contents Abstract pg. 3 Timeline pg. 4 Map of Nicaragua pg. 5 Introduction pg. 6 Chapter One: Setting the Stage pg. 12 Chapter Two: 1977 pg. 27 Chapter Three: 1978 pg. 47 Chapter Four: 1979 pg. 62 Conclusion pg. 75 Bibliography pg. 78 Hicks 3 Abstract This paper looks at the views of intellectuals regarding Jimmy Carter’s human rights foreign policy because Carter was the first president who overtly made human rights a part of his policies. He wanted the United States to be a champion of rights around the world. There has not been an extensive study as to what intellectuals during his presidency thought of his policies. To narrow the topic further, this essay focuses on the thoughts about U.S. policies toward Nicaragua. Research included looking at two American newspapers, numerous magazines and the opposition newspaper La Prensa in Nicaragua, digitally, as well as in print and on microfilm. Through this research, I found that intellectuals in the United States thought Carter’s policies were uneven in their application, by favoring allies and communist countries and condemning actions in Third World countries.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illness Called Managua
    Working Papers Series No.37 - Cities and Fragile States - AN ILLNESS CALLED MANAGUA Dennis Rodgers Crisis States Research Centre May 2008 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © D. Rodgers, 2008 Crisis States Research Centre An illness called Managua Dennis Rodgers1 Crisis States Research Centre Abstract: This paper focuses on Managua’s urban development in order to explore the underlying dynamics of post-revolutionary Nicaraguan society, using the city’s evolution as a window onto the evolution of the country’s political economy, but also highlighting its role as a major contributing factor shaping the specific transformations that this particular political economy has undergone. It begins by providing a view from barrio Luis Fanor Hernández, a low-income neighbourhood in the city which graphically encapsulates the general movement of Nicaraguan society from a sense of revolution-fuelled collective purpose in the 1970s and 1980s to more individualised and segregated socio-spatial practices in the 1990s and 2000s. The paper then moves on to consider Managua’s development more broadly in order to seek further insights into the underlying nature of this particular trajectory. The changing morphology of the city, its determinants, and the key actors involved, all point to salient elements to be taken into account in order to attain a more nuanced comprehension of the logic of post-revolutionary Nicaragua, which is then explored in a third section. What emerges starkly from this threefold panorama is that while the particular urban development of Managua can be seen as a reflection of the persistent oligarchic structure of Nicaraguan society, it is also a major pathological factor – an ‘illness’, one might say – that contributes to the perpetuation of this oligarchic configuration, albeit in a renewed form.
    [Show full text]
  • Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests
    Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website. Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links • Advanced search help 18 September 2019 NIC106354.E Nicaragua: Alianza por la República (APRE), including ideology, party logo, structure and leadership; membership in coalitions; whether the party issues membership cards; treatment of party members (2004-September 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Overview and Ideology According to Europa Regional Surveys of the World for 2006, President Enrique Bolaños created the APRE in May 2004 (Europa Regional Surveys of the World 2006, 659). Sources state that the APRE was created as an alternative to the Constitutional Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) and the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) and in alliance with the Conservative Party of Nicaragua (Partido Conservador de Nicaragua, PCN) (Europa Regional Surveys of the World 2006, 659; Political Parties of the World, 444). According to sources, the APRE is a union of the following political parties: the PCN, Great Liberal Union (Gran Unión Liberal, GUL), Liberal Party 1913 (Partido Liberal 1913), Nicaraguan Democratic Movement (Movimiento Democrático Nicaragüense, MDN), the Social Christians and National Unity (Social Cristianos y Unidad Nacional, PSCN) (La Prensa 26 May 2004; PHW 2006, 846) and the National Unity Movement (Movimiento Unidad Nacional, MUN) (PHW 2006, 846).
    [Show full text]
  • Historia De Nicaragua Y En El Caso Particular De La Perspectiva De Género
    Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 9. Año 4. Enero - Junio 2017 Pág. 44-55 Representaciones de género en las publicaciones periódicas de Nicaragua (1950-1979): un análisis hemerocrítico Recepción: 02-11-2016 / Aceptación:06-12-2016 Nohemí Rojas Icabalzeta1 [email protected] Resumen Los años 50, 60 y 70 marcan una coyuntura en la historia de Nicaragua y en el caso particular de la perspectiva de género. Por un lado, durante los años 50, la mujer conquistó el derecho a ejercer el sufragio, y por otro, el año 1979 recoge importantes datos respecto a la participación de las mujeres en la Revolución Popular Sandinista. En esta investigación se recogen estos y otros acontecimientos con relación a las representaciones de género manifiestas en las publicaciones periódicas de los dos diarios con mayor circulación a nivel nacional en la época: Novedades y La Prensa; el primero manejado por la familia somocista; y en consecuencia, el siguiente asumía un papel opositor en contra del gobierno imperante. El recorrido por las páginas de La Prensa y Novedades en el contexto de 1950 a 1979, ofrece un análisis integral HISTORIA en relación a la concepción de la mujer en aquella época. Esta visión de la mujer está manifiesta a través del estudio de categorías como los estereotipos de género que modelan patrones de comportamiento, las clases sociales impuestas por la manipulación mediática, la concepción de belleza femenina y la recepción de los mensajes de la población de la época en estudio. Estos elementos están inmersos desde los medios de comunicación escritos como un eje totalizante a 44 través de un enfoque holístico.
    [Show full text]
  • Patchwork Democracy Nicaraguan Politics Ten Years After the Fall by David R
    Patchwork Democracy Nicaraguan Politics Ten Years After the Fall by David R. Dye with Jack Spence and George Vickers November 2000 Copyright 2000 Hemisphere Initiatives The report may be quoted at length if attributed. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part without CONTENTS the permission of Hemisphere Initiatives, Inc. David R. Dye, a Managua based research journalist Prologue 1 has resided in and provided political and economic analysis on Central America for eighteen years. He Basic Political Trends: 1990-2000 2 took principal responsibility for research and writing The Pact 7 this report. Who Benefits? 12 Jack Spence is President of Hemisphere Initiatives and is Associate Professor of Political Science at the The Pact’s Impacts 18 University of Massachusetts Boston. Spence coordinat- Conclusions 35 ed the research, made two field trips to Nicaragua, and edited all sections of the report. Endnotes 40 George Vickers is Executive Director of the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) and Treasurer of Hemisphere Initiatives. He edited all sec- tions of the report, made two field trips to Nicaragua timely and able help in making arrangements for including during the November 5th elections, and, printing and mailing. Carlos Fernando Chamorro along with Spence, wrote the analysis of the results of provided helpful information on printing and graphics the election and the performance of the Supreme and he along with Nobel León helped point toward Electoral Council during the weeks leading up to the election data. Rachel Farley of WOLA ably handled election. logistics for printing and delivery. In Managua Y made We would like to thank all those who granted us time implemented arrangements for printing and delivery.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua (25 October 2001) Page 1 of 7
    RIC Query - Nicaragua (25 October 2001) Page 1 of 7 Nicaragua Response to NIC02001.RIC Information Request Number: Date: October 25, 2001 Subject: Nicaragua: Information on the November 2001 Presidential and Legislative Elections From: INS Resource Information Center Keywords: Elections / Political parties Query: What is the background of the current political situation in Nicaragua? What are the circumstances surrounding the November 2001 elections? What are the political parties and movements that are involved directly or indirectly in the election? Who are the primary representatives of the parties? Response: On 4 November 2001, Nicaragua will hold presidential and legislative elections. The following is a summary of the historical background, of the current electoral campaign, and of the political parties and leaders involved. Nicaragua is situated in the heart of Central America, between Costa Rica (to the south) and Honduras (to the north). It is slightly smaller than New York State, and had an estimated population of just over 4.9 million in July 2001. Half the population was below the poverty line in 2000 (CIA 2001). Nicaragua’s president is Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo, who took office on 10 January 1997. There is a unicameral legislature, the National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional). Of 93 seats, 36 are currently held by President Alemán’s right-wing Liberal Alliance. Another 35 are held by the left-wing Sandinista Front for National Liberation (FSLN, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional), and the remainder by numerous smaller parties (CIA 2001). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND US Marines occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933, fighting a guerrilla war against irregular forces led by Augusto César Sandino.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1990 Electoral Defeat of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua (Pallmeyer)
    UNO Presidential Candidate Violeta Chamorro A Surprising Defeat? Using the Importance of People to Create a Better Understanding of the 1990 Electoral Defeat of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua Hannah Pallmeyer Political Science 245: Latin American Politics Professor Paul Dosh Final Paper December 18, 2006 Incumbent FSLN President Daniel Ortega On February 25 th , 1990, several Washington politicians were collectively holding their breaths as Nicaraguans voted in the presidential election. The Sandinista government of Daniel Ortega was apparently poised for reelection, and yet the White House had done all that was in its power to prevent the Sandinistas from winning a second election. When the results were finally released, the news made many of the politicians elated, but shocked, by announcing the victory of National Opposition Union (UNO)’s opposition presidential candidate, Violeta Chamorro 1: “UPSET!; White House Startled” screams the front page of the Washington Times. Frank Murray writes, “the opposition victory was so ‘unexpected’ there was no contingency plan” ( The Washington Times , February 27, 1990). Since the shocking win by Doña Chamorro, dozens of scholars and political scientists have endeavored to explain the electoral defeat of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the 1990 presidential elections (LASA 1990, Anderson 1992, Bischoping and Schuman 1992, Castro and Prevost 1992, Selbin 1993, Anderson 1994, Anderson and Dodd 2005, to name a few). The Sandinistas ran the ticket of incumbent President Daniel Ortega, who was seen as a favorite in many of the political polls pre- election. In one of the last polls taken before the February election, the Washington-Post and ABC News “found the Sandinista (FSLN) presidential candidate, Daniel Ortega, with a 48% to 32% lead over the main opposition (UNO coalition) candidate, Violeta Chamorro…” (Bischoping and Schuman, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Humanismo Y Cambio Social
    Pág. 51-65 Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 4. Año 2. Agosto - Diciembre 2014 EL GOBIERNO DE DOÑA VIOLETA DE CHAMORRO: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN MITO POLÍTICO-IDEOLÓGICO VERSUS LA REALIDAD ECONÓMICA SOCIAL Guillermo Fernández Ampié Resumen HISTORIA (VWH HQVD\R RIUHFH XQ DQiOLVLV FUtWLFR GH WUHV WH[WRV UHIHULGRV D OD H[ SUHVLGHQWD 9LROHWD GH Chamorro, escritos y publicados en diferentes momentos de las últimas dos décadas por funcionarios GH VX JRELHUQR \ VX FtUFXOR IDPLOLDU (VWRV WH[WRV VRQ ,PiJHQHV GH FDPELR XQ OXMRVR YROXPHQ con abundantes fotografías publicado en los últimos meses de su gestión para divulgar las obras UHDOL]DGDVSRUHOJRELHUQRGH&KDPRUURHQGLIHUHQWHViPELWRVGHODYLGDGHOSDtV/DGLItFLOWUDQVLFLyQ nicaragüense, escrito por Antonio Lacayo, ministro de la Presidencia de la señora Chamorro y SXEOLFDGRHQHO\/DGHPRFUDFLDGH3HGUR\SUHVLGHQWD9LROHWD%GH&KDPRUURHGLWDGRSRU &ULVWLDQD&KDPRUURKLMDGHODH[SUHVLGHQWD\SXEOLFDGRHQ(VWDVSXEOLFDFLRQHVVHDUJXPHQWDUi SUHWHQGHQFRQIHULUDODÀJXUDGHODVHxRUDGH&KDPRUURXQ´DXUDPtWLFDµ\WUDQVIRUPDUVXJRELHUQR en un mito político-ideológico. Al contrastar las interpretaciones que ofrecen las obras en cuestión FRQORVKHFKRV\FLIUDVTXHUHÁHMDQORTXHVLJQLÀFyGLFKRJRELHUQRHQWpUPLQRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRVSDUD la mayoría de la población, el ensayo se propone además demostrar que tal mito tiene pies de barros y que, como el emperador del famoso cuento danés, también camina sin vestidos. 51 Palabras claves: *HVWLyQGHJRELHUQRWUDQVLFLyQSROtWLFDPLWRSROtWLFRWH[WRVSXEOLFLWDULRV Abstract This essay offers a critical analysis of three books
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua: Political-Economy As Communication and Media Influence
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 296 014 UD 026 032 AUTHOR Oseguera, A. Anthony TITLE Nicaragua: Political-Economy as Communication and Media Influence. PUB DATE 2 Oct 87 NOTE 47p.; Paper presented at the Society for Educators and Scholars Annual Conference (12th, Charleston, IL, October 2-3, 1987). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Activism; Censorship; Communication Research; Communism; *Developing Nations; *Economic Climate; Economics; *Freedom of Speech; Intellectual Freedom; International Relations; *Mass Media Effects; News Media; *Political Influences; Political Issues; Social Action IDENTIFIERS *Nicaragua; Reagan Administration ABSTRACT The Nicaraguan people, through a successful revolution and subsequent elections, have chosen a communist government. This paper, using an historical-descriptive methodology, examines the status of Nicaragua under the current political-economy that prevails in that nation. Political-economic statements made and published in the press that support or criticize Nicaragua's administration are studied. The media's influences as advocate and adversary are discussed. It was found that the media has iiifluence when it is permitted to speak openly and freely. The Nicaraguan government is moving towards conciliation with the Reagan Administration's demand for human rights in Nicaragua. This is demonstrated by the facts that "La Prensa" and "Radio Catolica," both of which have criticized the government, are back in operation, and that free elections are once again being discussed. A list of references is included. (BJV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Nicaragua 1 Nicaragua: Political- Economy as Communication and Media Influence A.
    [Show full text]
  • Violeta Barrios De Chamorro ((Nacida Violeta Barrios Torres))
    Violeta Barrios de Chamorro ((Nacida Violeta Barrios Torres)) Nicaragua, Presidenta de la República Duración del mandato: 25 de Abril de 1990 - de de Nacimiento: Departamento de Rivas, 18 de Octubre de 1929 Partido político: UNO Profesión : Propietaria periodística ResumenUna de los siete hijos de una familia de terratenientes y rancheros, recibió su educación en Estados Unidos en dos selectos colegios católicos, en San Antonio, Texas, y Southside, Virginia, donde tomó clases de secretaria antes de interrumpir los estudios por la repentina muerte de su padre. http://www.cidob.org 1 of 5 Biografía De vuelta a Nicaragua, en 1951 contrajo matrimonio con Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, periodista, dirigente de la burguesía conservadora, miembro de una familia de políticos que había aportado cuatro presidentes a la República y que andado el tiempo se convirtió en uno de los más destacados opositores al régimen de Anastasio Somoza Debayle como líder de la Unión Democrática de Liberación (UDEL). Chamorro, que para muchos era la alternativa de Estados Unidos para presidir el país en lugar de su desacreditado protegido, sufrió varios encarcelamientos y fue finalmente asesinado el 10 de enero de 1978, todo indicó, por los secuaces del dictador. El trágico suceso supuso la entrada en política de la viuda, que hasta entonces había permanecido en un discreto segundo plano. A raíz del triunfo de la revolución sandinista en 1979, Violeta figuró, en representación de la UDEL, en la primera Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional (JGRN), constituida el 18 de julio y también integrada por: Daniel Ortega Saavedra, comandante del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN); Moisés Hassán Morales, del pro-sandinista Frente Patriótico Nacional (FPN); el empresario liberal Luis Alfonso Robelo Callejas, del Movimiento Democrático Nicaragüense (MDN), y el intelectual socialdemócrata Sergio Ramírez Mercado, por el Grupo de los Doce.
    [Show full text]