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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58336-7 - Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan Richard Tapper Index More information Index of topics agriculture, cultivation 171-2,226-7, canals 232-4,287-8,293 see irrigation see also settlement Census of Nomads (1987) 11,26,357 alachiq (Shahsevan tent) 25,68, 76,291-3, chequer-board patterns 17,139,144,275-6 333,381,387 see also alliances, tribal clusters see also tents chiefship, leadership 7-8,10-20,22-3,75, alliances 15, 113-15,120,145,242,286, 130-1,283-4,305,314,323, 335 326-7,343-8 see also chequer-board patterns, Qizilbash amirs 44-8,76 marriage, tribal clusters, tribal see also beys, elbeys coalitions, Tribal Union. cholera 83,86,161,172,206,222 Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 248, class, hierarchy 1,15-16, 58,186,189,238, 271 316,329-32,343,347 anjoman (local organizations) 244,251, tabaqeh 50, 53, 75, 81, 86 254-5 see also beyzadd, chiefship, egalitarianism dnjini (raiding parties) 244 hampa, nokdr aq-saqal clothing 288,292,332 see elders community, nomadic 14,16-19,22-4,135, 'ashayer 86, 333,342, 345, 348 174,229,291,314,317, 341-3, see il, nomadism, tribe 346-8 ashrarhq, khankhan(liq) 221-47, 284, jamahat among Shahsevan 14,26-7,135, 286-7,321, 331, 348, 363,366, 239-40,334,343 379,388 jama'at, cemaat 22, 50-1, 53-4, 65, 75, 106 banditry, raiding 95,162,170,179,222, see also tribes 233,240,242-7,250-2, 273-4, confederacy, tribal 7,13,15-18,24,45-7, 319-26 74 by Qoja-Beyli tribe 202,367-9 among Shahsevan 25,109,129-46,219, ending of 284-5,308 324,327-31,334,343-8 inMoghan 102-3,117,157,190,192, conscription 288,305 202,207-9,212,233 Constitution, Constitutional Revolution raiding parties 244-6,252,271,276 218,237,248-82,320,325-6 beys 26,32-3, 67,135,170,180, 185-9, crime 208,224,229,236-46,273-8, see law 284-9,295-8, 302-11,313-14, Crown Lands 331-6,338-40,342 see land see also chiefship, elbeys cultivation beyzadd ('nobles') 58, 64,186-7,238-9, see agriculture 331 bolgi-yih 268-9 Democrat Party/Government 296-8, 326-7,348, 362,383-6 camels 177,200,231,245,310,313,371, descent 388 as ideology 7,15-16,22-3,44-5,47, 67, 412 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58336-7 - Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan Richard Tapper Index More information Index of topics 413 186-9,238-9, 317,338-9,344, commissars 175,194-7,204-5,208 348 Shahsevan on 26,98-103,147-8,161, descent groups, lineages 6-8,13-14,19, 165-7,190-216,252-3,294,319, 22, 74,135,186,188,241,334, 322,344-6 340 see also Aras, Ardabil, Belasovar, Kor, gobdk among Shahsevan 14,26-7,135, Moghan 239,334,336,338 detribalization 283,314,346 gendarmerie 284,292,295,303,305, disarmament 279,282-5 307-8,310-11,356 dispute settlement genealogy see law see descent divani gholam see land see qollar drought 169,206,289 gobdk dynasties, chiefly 10-12,32,61-2, 64-5, see descent 117,123,238,240-2,275-6, Great Game 26,149-216 339-41,344 see also chiefship, descent, elbeys hampa (commoners) 186-7,239 see also class, raydt economic conditions 143,169-74,221-3, health 293,301,305,311-13 299-302,319-20,323,327, herdsmen, shepherds 188,239-41,289, 331-3 291,293,305-6,343,388 see also banditry, markets, pastoralism, hierarchy prices, tax, trade see class education 293,302,308,311-13,331 history 1-33,315-48 egalitarianism 5-6,11,15,332,347-8 horses 245-6,267,303,388 see also class hostages, hostage-taking 112-14,121,142, el 145 see il elbeys 58-67,109,179-90,193,201, identity 29, 55,74,308 207-8,223-4,263,284,286,303, ideology 15,22,318,343-4,346-8 330-2,334-5,369 see also descent, Islam, Shi'ism, values see also chiefship ill Hat (tribe, confederacy) 10,13,14,17, elders (aq-saqal) 14,26,47, 135, 185, 240, 45,53,75,871,90,345,348 286,305,309,314,334-5,339, Shahsevan e/75,135-6,139,334-6 342 see also confederacy, tribe endogamy imperialism 16,93,217 see marriage industrialization 288,299-300,312 epidemics 134 inheritance 18,23,27,241 see also cholera, plague irrigation, canals 72,310 ethnicity 1,315-17,346 in Moghan, from Aras 89,133,136-7, extrapolation, reconstruction 2-4,10, 171,225,290-1,298-300, 18-21,23-4,30,45,318,329,347 309-12 in Russian Moghan 206,232-3 famine 44, 82-3, 86,122,134,169,175, Timur's in Moghan 72,78,171 206,271,285,328 see also water feasts 303,308, 339-40 Islam as ideology 144,323-7,344,347 feud (blood-feud), vengeance 179,244, Islamic Republic 312,314,348 276-7,285,303,363 Islamic Revolution 17,26,310,311 fire-arms 51,244-5,268,277,279,292, 294,303,382-3,386 jama (at,jamahat see also disarmament see community forced migration jehad 130,157,272 see transportation frontiers khaleseh, khasseh closure in Moghan 209-47 see land © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58336-7 - Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan Richard Tapper Index More information 414 Index of topics khankhan(liq) payments to 186 see dshrarhq khans 142-4,149,224,238,333 nokdr (servants, retinue) 47,186,205, see also beys, chiefship 239 see also class land ownership 169-72,221-2, 233-7, nomadism, pastoral 7-10,12,15,18-24, 304,306 44-5, 75-6,87-8,143,151,171, assignments, grants 46, 53-6,75,132-3, 200,289,309-13,232-3,342, 199,345-6 387-8 soyurghal (tax-exemptions) 75, 79 nomadization 237,293 tiyul (revenue assignments), tiyuldars see also pastoral production 46, 69,75,78,132,169,172-3,221, 236-7,371 oba (camp) 14,135,185, 334-5 crown lands (khasseh, khaleseh) 52, oil 218,223,248,290, 310 132-4,169,172,221-2,226-7, oimaqluymaq (tribe, section) 24,44-6, 53, 287,289,299 75,82 state lands (divani, mamalek) 52, 132, olgdlolka3 (tribal territory) 46, 75,80,132 133 see also pastures, territory, olgd pastoralism Land Reform 26,219,300-2,306,333 economics 10,18-20,27,45-6,133, law, crime, dispute settlement 283,288 135,174-9,188-9,224-37,240, chiefs' courts 179, 183-5,274,283, 285-92 307-8 production 8,10,18,45,133-4,151, government justice 227, 307-8,388 174-8,190,200,202-3,224-32, commissars' courts 204-5,208 239-43,287,292-4,310,313, see also banditry, feud 323 leadership see also economic conditions, nomadism see chiefship pasturelands 72-3,75,78, 86,160,190-2, lineage 298-302,309-13 see descent control, tenure of 7,15,19, 23,27,46, 59,77,133,135,171,173,187-9, markets, marketing 18-21, 25,27,45,133, 192,208,224-32,286,304,306, 176-8,200,225,232-3, 240,288, 331-3,338-9,346 301,305,313 dues, rent (alafchar, ot-bashi) 84, 89, 103, marriage 185,285,303,306,308,346-8 132-3,141, 160,167-8,185-9, endogamy of tribe 16, 74,135,316, 192,194,201-2,286-7,301-2, 339-42,346 304 intermarriage 74,185,188 see also land, tax, territory marriage alliance 115, 119,123, 145, peasants 152,188,276-8,339,346 becoming tribal 44,75-6,234-7,369 weddings 178-9,186,339 conditions of peasantry 170,172,218, merchants 170,173,221, 233,236, 288, 221-2,287-8,291,306 325 Tat 291,332-3 military organization, tribal 8, 12-13,16, see also nomadization 42-56,124,131-2,138-9,161, plague 44,79,86,172 246,278 prices 177,202,233,310, 313 military class, tribal warriors, tribal levies 12, 16,46-7,170,183,185,200-2, qollarlgholams (slave corps) 51-2, 54, 56, 239-40,323,329-30 83,87 tactics 99,267,284 see also military see also noka'r, qollar, qorchi, tofangchi qorchi (royal guard) 46,48, 51-2, 54-6, 78, minority, minorities 1-2,10-11 82-3,87,89,131-2 mullahs 312,321,324-5, 328 see also military as landowners 236 qurultai (Nader Shah's gathering in judicial role 205,303 Moghan) 104-6,109 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58336-7 - Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan Richard Tapper Index More information Index of topics 415 ra'is-e 'ashayer (chief of the tribes) 284, sales tax 84,301 298,385 see also pasture-dues, land see also elbeys tents 45, 88,178,313,332 raiding see also alachiq see banditry territory 5-7, 136, 138, 139, 148, 338-9, ray at (commoners, subjects) 236, 239, 241, 342, 344 333 see also olgd see also class, hampa 'thirty-two tribes', theory of Shahsevan reconstruction origins 36,46, 67-9, 317, 332,334, see extrapolation 336 resettlement tira, tribal section among Shahsevan 26-7, see transportation 240, 334-6,343 revenge see also community, tribe see feud tiyul see land San Khan, battle of 380-3 tiyuldars sarparast (supervisor) 224, 291, 303 see land segmentary lineages Tobacco Monopoly, Protest 222-3, 248, see descent 249 settlement of nomads 20 tofangchi (infantry corps) 51, 54 among Ardabil tribes 161, 235-7 trade, trade routes (caravans) 24, 72-3, compulsory {takhtaqapu) 52, 197-203, 133, 135, 147-8, 172, 176-7,223, 283,288-94,321 238,245-6,250,274,367 in Moghan 136,167,209-12, 226-7, 'terms of trade' (between pastoral and 234,290-1, 298-300,312-14 agricultural produce) 20-1, 177 in Russia 166-8, 190-1, 206, 208-9, translation 3-4 232 transportation (resettlement, forced shahisevan(i) 39-57,72-91, 130-2, 139 migration) 52, 56, 74, 82-3,118, shepherds 138,141,147,149-68,345 see herdsmen tribal clusters 17,135-6, 138,144,187, Shi'a, Shi'i, Shi'ism 42-4, 52, 64-6, 130-1, 240, 242, 273-7, 286-7, 307, 309, 137-9,144, 257, 318-20, 348 317,324, 335-6,342, 344-5 slaves 48, 51, 54 tribal coalitions 136-9, 144, 275-6, 324 see also qollar tribal lists 10, 68, 227, 229, 333-6, sources 27-33,327 356-74 soyurghal Tribal Union of East Azarbaijan 218, see land 254-9,263 state formation 11,16, 343 tribe, in anthropology and history 5-10, see also tribe-state relations 18-24, 315-16, 327-30, 343-8 succession 47,187, 240,304 taifa (tribe among Shahsevan) 26-7, Sufis, Sufism 42-3, 50, 52, 68,130-1, 344, 67-8, 74-5, 131,135-6,175,180, 346 186, 205, 226, 237-42, 273-7, 314, Sunnis, Sunnism 39,42-3.
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    37 quarterly, No. 26| Winter 2020 DOI:10.22034/jaco.2019.99675 Persian translation of this paper entitled: تحلیل ژئوماتیک زمین سیمای مرگ در عصر آهن قره داغ مرکزی؛ آذربایجان، شمال غربی فﻻت ایران is also published in this issue of journal. The Geomatic Analysis Landscape of Death in the Iron Age of Central Qaradagh, Azerbaijan, and Northwest of the Iranian Plateau Vahid Askarpour*1, Arash Tirandaz Lalehzari2 1. Assistant professor, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran. 2. M. A. of Archeology, Islamic Azad Branch, Tehran Center, Iran. Received; 2019/09/27 revise; 2019/11/13 accepted; 2019/11/28 available online; 2019/12/26 Abstract This study is an attempt to investigate the death landscape of the Iron Age in the Central Qaradagh Region of Eastern Azerbaijan. The mountainous zone of the Central Qaradagh has a semi-arid climate. It has been one of the main access passages of Eastern Urmia Lake to the Southern Caucasus in the prehistoric era. According to the evidence obtained from archaeological investigations, during the Iron Age, in this area, we are mostly faced with living systems that are not dependent on stable settlements. There are rarely much evidences left except graves and some evidence of temporary residence. The ecological features and the lack of soils suitable for agriculture have prevented the formation and development of settlements systems in this area. Based on the clay fragments and graves shape, the collection of the archaeological evidence obtained from this area is included under the Iron Age. The death landscape deals with the relation between the funerary evidence and the geographical landscape deals with the social and ideological aspects.
  • Research Journal of Social Sciences Life and Empowerment of Reza Khan

    Research Journal of Social Sciences Life and Empowerment of Reza Khan

    Copyright © 2015, American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information publisher Research Journal of Social Sciences ISSN: 1815-9125 EISSN: 2309-9631 JOURNAL home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/RJSS 2015 September; 8(7): pages 7-12. Published Online 30 June 2015. Research Article Life and empowerment of Reza Khan 1Iran Hajnabi and 2Reza Shabani 1Department of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2full Professor, Department of History Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Received: 23 April 2015; Revised: 28 May 2015; Accepted: 18 June 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACTABSTRACT Reza known to Reza Khan, is of the people of Alasht in Savadkuh and Bavand dynasty had begun his work of Cossack Brigade, as he was an ambitious individual with regard to the situation was created, could achieve an official level, and during the capture of Tehran had entered the Qajar state and obtained key officials including the Ministry of War in Ahmad Shah’s State, and deposed Ahmad Shah on 24 December 1925 In the National Assembly, and signed the Oath, the next day relying on his throne. On Sunday 4 April 1926. Wearing a military uniform with the coronation of King's Crown Jewels Thus, Reza Khan as The first king of the Pahlavi Dynasty was the founder of the dynasty. Reza Shah's reign saw the creation of the new world order. To guarantee its absolute power, closed independent newspapers, parliamentary immunity of Representatives and Political parties are ruined.
  • TÜBA-AR Sayı23.Pdf

    TÜBA-AR Sayı23.Pdf

    Prof.Dr. Harald HAUPTMANN (4 Eylül 1936 - 2 Ağustos 2018) Saygıyla anıyoruz... In Memoriam... TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology Sayı: 23 Volume: 23 2018 TÜBA Arkeoloji (TÜBA-AR) Dergisi TÜBA-AR TÜBA-AR uluslararası hakemli bir TÜRKİYE BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ dergi olup TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM (SBVT) ve Avrupa İnsani Bilimler Referans TÜBA-AR, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA) tarafından yıllık olarak İndeksi (ERIH PLUS) veritabanlarında yayınlanan uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir. Derginin yayın politikası, kapsamı taranmaktadır. ve içeriği ile ilgili kararlar, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Konseyi tarafından TÜBA Journal of Archaeology belirlenen Yayın Kurulu tarafından alınır. (TÜBA-AR) TÜBA-AR is an international refereed journal and indexed in the TUBİTAK DERGİNİN KAPSAMI VE YAYIN İLKELERİ ULAKBİM (SBVT) and The European Reference Index for the Humanities TÜBA-AR dergisi ilke olarak, dönem ve coğrafi bölge sınırlaması olmadan and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) arkeoloji ve arkeoloji ile bağlantılı tüm alanlarda yapılan yeni araştırma, yorum, databases. değerlendirme ve yöntemleri kapsamaktadır. Dergi arkeoloji alanında yeni yapılan çalışmalara yer vermenin yanı sıra, bir bilim akademisi yayın organı Sahibi / Owner: Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi adına olarak, arkeoloji ile bağlantılı olmak koşuluyla, sosyal bilimlerin tüm uzmanlık Prof. Dr. Ahmet Cevat ACAR alanlarına açıktır; bu alanlarda gelişen yeni yorum, yaklaşım, analizlere yer veren (Başkan / President) bir forum oluşturma işlevini de yüklenmiştir. Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Dergi, arkeoloji ile ilgili yeni açılımları kapsamlı olarak ele almak için belirli Managing Editor Prof. Dr. Ahmet Nuri YURDUSEV bir konuya odaklanmış yazıları “dosya” şeklinde kapsamına alabilir; bu amaçla çağrılı yazarların katkısının istenmesi ya da bu bağlamda gelen istekler Yayın Basın ve Halkla İlişkiler Kurulu tarafından değerlendirir.