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Home , Quiet party

UNIT 1

Vocabulary 1 Write T (true) or F (false). Pay attention to the words in bold...... 1. If something catches on, it does well...... 2. You can download apps to an MP3 player...... 3. You can store information on a keyboard...... 4. If something goes viral, no one knows about it...... 5. Something that is easy to use is user-friendly...... 6. A table is an example of a device. 2 Choose the correct continuation to show that you understand the meaning of the bold words. 1.Why did you delete that document? a. I’ll send it to Julie. b. I needed it. 2.Fiona’s computer crashed last night. a. She couldn’t finish her project. b. She’s pleased with the results. 3.This report is out-of-date. a. Please get a newer copy. b. It’s extremely interesting. 4.I always post comments on my friends’ photos. a. I enjoy writing on their Facebook wall. b. I’m not really interested in their photos. 5.There’s no mobile network in this area. a. Can I use your mobile phone? b. We’ll have to go somewhere else. 6.I haven’t kept in touch with any of my schoolfriends. a. We often chat online. b. I don’t know where any of them live now. 3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below. Make any necessary changes. social networking site • power • design software • use a landline phone • check messages • keep up with 1.My mobile phone wasn’t working, so I …………………… . 2.Technology changes so quickly, it’s hard to …………………… it. 3.The first thing I do every morning is …………………… on my e-mail. 4.Which …………………… is the most popular with you and your friends? 5.My dad is an engineer. He …………………… for computers. 6.We couldn’t watch TV last night because the …………………… was cut off.

4 Match A to B to form sentences. A B 1.I don’t follow … ...... a. my Facebook account. 2.Mark uploaded photos … ...... b. they won’t work properly. 3.I tried to close … ...... c. of his in Crete. 4.Please go online … ...... d. celebrity tweets. 5.They broke into the school … ...... e. and stole three computers. 6.If the programs aren’t up-to-date, … ...... f. and find out when the train leaves. 5 Choose the correct answer. 1.I need to charge my mobile / do a search / check my messages to find a topic for my history project. 2.It was so nice to see you again! Let’s try and catch on / keep up with / keep in touch. 3.I’d like to buy Gavin these mini speakers. He loves gadgets / mobile networks / tweets. 4.Sarah studied computer science at college. Now she posts updates / develops / turns on new programs. 5.The boss is organising a meeting to try and go online / solve the problem / use a landline.

Grammar 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1.Carrie …………………… (play) tennis every Tuesday. 2.…………………… you …………………… (check) your messages now? 3.We always …………………… (go) to Torquay for the summer. 4.I can’t go out because it …………………… (rain). 5.Sam …………………… (post) an update every night. 6.Ron and Debs …………………… (upload) their holiday photos at the moment. 2 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Simple and Present Continuous. 1.Janet / visit / her grandmother / on Sundays / ...... 2.I / meet / Emily / in the park / at 5.00 / ...... 3.Charlie / buy / Dave / a computer gadget / for his birthday / ...... 4.you / use / social media sites / ? ...... 5.Shelly / usually / do / her homework / in the evenings / ...... 6.Ruby and Daisy / come / to my house / for Christmas / ......

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Past Simple and Past Continuous. buy • watch • see • not talk • crash • write 1.Last night, I …………………… Carla and Joe at Pepe’s Pizza. 2.Dan …………………… a new computer last week. 3.I …………………… a tweet when the teacher walked into the room. 4.…………………… you …………………… the match on TV last night? 5.Don’t be angry. We …………………… about you! 6.He was saving the document when the computer …………………… . 4 Complete the sentences with an appropriate time expression. 1.My friends and I …………………… play football on Saturday mornings. 2.I’m sorry, Rosie can’t come to the phone …………………… . 3.We enjoyed the …………………… . 4.David …………………… goes to the shopping centre with his little brother. 5.I gave my phone to Tamara …………………… . 6.Gillian isn’t feeling well …………………… .

5 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct form of a suitable verb. 1. A: Did you find your keys? B: No, I didn’t. I …………………… they’re at Jenna’s house. 2. A: Why didn’t you come to the party last night? B: Because I …………………… for a test. The test is tomorrow. 3. A: Is Sara going to next week? B: No, she …………………… at home with her little sister. 4. A: Can you meet me at the youth club on Saturday morning? B: No, I can’t. I always …………………… my grandparents on Saturday mornings. 6 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple and Past Continuous. 1. …………………… you …………………… (enjoy) computer games? Well, now there 2. …………………… (be) computer games that are fun and also help scientists. A few years ago, computer scientists 3. …………………… (look) for a way to help computers recognise pictures. To help solve this problem, Luis von Ahn 4. …………………… (create) the ESP game. In the game, players get points every time they 5. …………………… (write) a description of a picture. The players 6. …………………… (not know) they are helping the scientists – they are just having fun. Last week, I 7. …………………… (play) this game with a friend. It was great fun and I felt good because I knew I 8. …………………… (do) something useful.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Teeth Meet Technology I For mobile phone owners, recharging batteries is a way of life. But how about recharging your teeth? When a new invention developed in Taiwan goes on sale, this may become a daily habit. II Computer scientist Hao-hua Chu was unhappy at how frequently his 11-year-old daughter needed to visit the dentist, and this made him think about whether digital technology could improve dental care as well as general health. His solution? A smart tooth that records how, and how often, a person eats, drinks, coughs and smokes. III So far, trials have been conducted on eight volunteers. Each person chewed gum, drank water, coughed and read out loud. They spent about 30-40 seconds on each activity while sensors attached to their teeth transmitted information to a computer along thin wires. After adjusting the program to fit individual patterns – for example, some people chew more quickly than others, or read more slowly – the computer was able to detect with 94-98% accuracy what the person was actually doing. This is because our jaws move slightly differently for each activity. IV Eventually, scientists hope to create a sensor that will fit inside a false tooth, or even into a cavity in an existing tooth. The information collected would be transmitted wirelessly, using a device similar to a Bluetooth mobile phone transmitter, a smartphone or computer. They hope to give the device enough power so that it would only need be removed for recharging once a day. V Not only dentists but doctors too are excited about the smart tooth. They believe that determining how often people eat, and maybe what they are eating, would help dieters, diabetics and others. The technology could also tell how often people smoke and how often they talk, which is an indication of how much they interact with others, itself a signal of health. VI So, it’s not silly to imagine that in the near future, doctors will use our teeth to help diagnose health problems, as well as to make recommendations for a healthier lifestyle.

1 Answer the question. If a new invention from Taiwan goes on sale, what may people have to do every day? ...... 2 Choose the correct answer. 1. Information gathered by the smart tooth ...... a. may include an analysis of which foods are eaten b. can become distorted if people smoke c. tells how often other people speak to the wearer 2. In the future, the smart tooth will ...... a. have to be recharged on a weekly basis b. be connected to a phone via wires c. be small enough to fit inside an existing tooth

3 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. The smart tooth trials were developed and conducted by eight volunteers...... 2. The computer is over 90% accurate...... 3. The smart tooth will only be available to people who wear false teeth......

4 Rewrite the sentences without changing the original meaning. 1. The smart tooth will record how a person eats. How a person eats ...... 2. Hao-hua Chu was unhappy at how frequently his daughter visited the dentist. Hao-hua Chu was unhappy because ......

5 Find words or expressions in the text that mean the following: 1. routine (paragraph I) ...... 2. carried out (paragraph III)...... 3. precision (paragraph III) ...... 4. a little (paragraph III) ...... 5. taken out (paragraph IV)......

6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. How would you encourage people to take better care of their teeth? 2. Developing a smart tooth is a waste of money that could be spent on more important issues. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.

UNIT 2

Vocabulary 1 Circle the word or phrase that doesn’t belong. 1.tabloid • press • lock • reporter 2. burglar alarm • headline • lock • safe 3.useful • harmful • helpful • thoughtful 4. robbery • thief • witness • suspect 5.attack • break the law • cover the news • grab 2 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ful or -less. 1.Your idea wasn’t very …………………… . Please try and be serious. (help) 2.Be …………………… ! You might fall. (care) 3.The situation is …………………… – nothing can be done. (hope) 4.I’d love this gadget for my birthday. It looks really …………………… (use). 5.Jill was wrong to say that. She’s so …………………… sometimes. (thought) 6.I thought that getting a tattoo would be …………………… , but it really hurt! (pain) 3 Replace the words in bold with the words and phrases below. Make any necessary changes. prevent • scoop • get away • skilful • cover the news • grab 1.Unfortunately, the thief managed to escape. …………………… 2.Did you hear about Mrs Jones? Someone took her bag and ran off with it. …………………… 3.Having more police cars around is a good way of stopping crime. …………………… 4.Janet dreams about getting a news story that no one else knows about. …………………… 5.Dave Smith is an extremely talented young reporter. …………………… 6.He spent five years working as a reporter in China. …………………… 4 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below. hold a press conference • published • masked • news source • painful • harmful 1.The President is going to …………………… this afternoon. 2.Denise Rothman was only 16 years old when she …………………… her first book. 3.Two …………………… men stole a Picasso painting from the city’s museum. 4.Which …………………… do you usually use to get your information? 5.My operation was really …………………… . I was in hospital for a week. 6.Please don’t smoke. It’s …………………… to your health.

5 Match A to B to form sentences. A B 1.This broom is useless … ...... a. of the Coldplay concert. 2.There’s going to be a live broadcast … ...... b. on the kitchen door. 3.The suspect … ...... c. when he hacked into their website. 4.Please change the lock … ...... d. because it’s broken. 5.Kyle broke the law … ...... e. is a 25-year-old man. 6 Complete the sentences to show that you understand the meaning of the bold words 1. Mark is very thoughtful. He always ______2. The alarm went off so we ______3. On the front page, I ______4. My dog is harmless – she ______5. Jake bought a safe because ______6. The witness was helpful because ______

Grammar 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple. 1.………………………… you ………………………… (hear) the news? They caught the masked thief! 2.He ………………………… (work) for this newspaper since 2005. 3.The police ………………………… (arrest) three suspects. 4.I’m really hungry. I ………………………… (not eat) all day. 5.Dave Tomms ………………………… just ………………………… (publish) his seventh crime novel. 6.My girlfriend Paula ………………………… (not met) my parents yet. 2 Complete the sentences with the time expressions below. two years ago • yet • since • never • last night • just 1.The suspect escaped from prison at midnight ………………………… . The police are still looking for him. 2.I’ve lived in Manchester ………………………… 2006. 3.Sue hasn’t seen the new James Bond film ………………………… . 4.I started my university course ………………………… . I hope to finish next year. 5.I’ve ………………………… been to that restaurant. Let’s go on my birthday. 6.Thanks, but I’m not hungry. I’ve ………………………… had a sandwich. 3 Complete the sentences with correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple and the Past Simple. 1.Harry ………………………… (lock) the door and put the keys in the drawer. 2.We ……………… just ………………………… (receive) a report from the White House. 3.Since 2010, police patrols ………………………… (prevent) hundreds of robberies in this area. 4.I ………………………… (not read) the newspaper article yet, but I’m sure it’s interesting. 5.Our burglar alarm ………………………… (go off) at 10.00 last night. 6.……………… Ingrid ever ………………………… (work) in a bakery? 4 Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence. 1.By the time we arrived, the burglar had run away. a. We arrived and the burglar ran away. b. The burglar ran away before we arrived. 2.Julie went on holiday after she had finished the project. a. Julie finished the project and then went on holiday. b. Julie finished the project when she was on holiday. 3.We had already bought a new flat when we sold our old one. a. We sold our flat and then bought a new one. b. We bought a flat before we sold our old one.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Simple and the Past Simple. 1. …………………… you …………………… (phone) the police before you …………………… (leave)? 2. We …………………… (already / tell) Jenna the news when you …………………… (see) her. 3. By the time I …………………… (get) home, the reporters …………………… (be) at the house for two hours. 6 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple and Past Simple. The Bicycle Thief The Canadian police believe that Igor Kenk, a Toronto resident, 1. …………………… (steal) more bicycles than anyone else in the world. Kenk was born in Slovenia. When he was a young man, Kenk 2. …………………… (go) to Toronto and opened a bicycle repair shop. After a while, he 3. …………………… (collect) so many bicycles that people 4. …………………… (become) suspicious. They 5. …………………… (be) sure Kenk was stealing bicycles. By the time the police 6. …………………… (arrest) Kenk, he 7. …………………… (manage) to steal almost 3,000 bicycles! Kenk went to prison, but what 8. …………………… (happen) to the bicycles? Since Kenk’s arrest, some of the original owners 9. …………………… (receive) their bicycles, but hundreds of other bikes 10. …………………… (go) to a local school that has a course on bicycle repair.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

No Talking, Please I Have you ever been to a party where the noise is so loud that you cannot hear the people nearest to you? If this makes you frustrated, then attending a may be the answer. II The phenomenon started in 2002 when artist Paul Rebhan and musician Tony Noe found that the bar in which they met was too noisy for them to hold a conversation. So they created the idea of gatherings where no talking was allowed – participants were given pencil and paper and encouraged to pass notes to each other instead. Since then, the concept, also called Silent and Silent Dating, has spread to other cities across the United States, Europe, Australia and Asia. III Although the first parties allowed no speech at all, some variations later occurred at different times and in different locations. At one New York venue, quiet conversations are allowed at the bar while in London, at least one organiser allows participants to make noises which are not real words. Justifications for silent parties have also expanded, with many claiming that it allows for deeper communication among participants. Reasons for this range from the fact that all meaningless small talk has been eliminated, to the idea that gazing into strangers’ eyes with undiluted attention is guaranteed to provide a view into their soul. IV But how satisfied are silent party participants? The movement’s continued success shows that it must provide something that the public likes. But some critics complain that the note writing soon becomes boring, while others feel that it forces party goers to evaluate each other primarily on appearance, never a reliable guide to personality. V So it seems that quiet parties are not for everyone. But if the idea appeals to you, you might want to start working on your opening note. With enough time, you will probably come up with something more original than the note received by one critic from a new acquaintance. It simply read “Hello”.

1 Choose the correct answer. 1. Originally, the parties ...... a. required party goers to be completely silent b. allowed participants to talk quietly in some areas c. had different rules in different geographic locations 2. The writer believes that ...... a. participants are too critical of notes received by other guests b. “Hello” is a good note to write to a new acquaintance c. it is important to write an interesting opening note 2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. These parties now have several different but similar names...... 2. Quiet parties have become less popular in recent years......

3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text. 1. These gatherings may people who ...... 2. Participants at some parties in London ...... 4 Answer the question. Where and when did the idea for quiet parties originate?...... 5 Find words in the text that mean the following: 1. going to (paragraph I) ...... 2. extended (paragraph II) ...... 3. removed (paragraph III) ...... 4. judge (paragraph IV) ...... 5. attracts (paragraph V) ......

6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. Would you attend a quiet party? Explain why or why not. 2. Western society places too much emphasis on people’s appearance. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.

UNIT 3

Vocabulary 1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ing or -ed. 1.I think Saul is really …………………… (amaze). He’s so talented! 2.Everyone was …………………… (bore) during the lesson. 3.We walked for hours. I was absolutely …………………… (exhaust) when we got back home. 4.Did you watch the nature documentary show on TV last night? It was …………………… (fascinate). 5.I don’t enjoy horror films, I find them …………………… (frighten). 6.Julie was …………………… (thrill) when she heard the good news. 2 Complete the sentences with a suitable word to show that you understand the meaning of the bold words. 1.People face danger in areas where there is a lot of …………………… . 2.People often go trekking in the …………………… . 3.You need to make a reservation in popular …………………… . 4.Students often make their way to school by …………………… . 5.It’s difficult to overcome a fear of …………………… . 6.People often run out of …………………… . 3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below. There are more words than you need. set off • hurt yourself • terrifying • lose your way • awesome • book a session • brave • give me a thrill 1.I want to try paragliding. I think I’m going to …………………… . 2.Be careful with those knives. You don’t want to …………………… . 3.It was very …………………… of Rose to go bungee jumping. 4.Take a map with you so you don’t …………………… . 5.The group …………………… at 6 o’clock this morning. 6.Did you see the sunset? It was …………………… ! 4 Match the sentences in A to the adjectives in B. A B 1.I thought the hike was quite difficult...... a. risky 2.Carla exercises a lot and works out at the gym...... b. unforgettable 3.I’ll always remember going skydiving...... c. breathtaking 4.Daisy was very badly hurt when she fell...... d. fit 5.It’s dangerous to walk through the forest at night...... e. seriously injured 6.The view from the top of the tower was really beautiful...... f. challenging

5 Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. steep • adventurous • mountainous • amazed • trails • scenery • go trekking My parents aren’t very 1. …………………… people, so when they decided to 2. ………………… in northern Thailand, my brother and I were absolutely 3. …………………… ! Northern Thailand has many forests, but it is also quite 4. …………………… . Some of the walking 5. …………………… are difficult because they are so 6. …………………… , but everyone says it’s worth the effort because the 7. …………………… is magnificent. In the end, my parents had a great time and we were really proud of them! 6 Complete the sentences to show that you understand the meaning of the bold words. 1. An example of a wild animal is a / an ______2. Harry was very worried when ______. 3. It’s difficult to survive ______. 4. Sometimes, you have to take a risk to ______. 5. It can be very difficult to rescue people ______. 6. Survival skills are important for people who ______.

Grammar 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use Future Simple or be going to. 1.It’s getting colder. It ………………………………… (snow) tonight. 2.Don’t worry. I ………………………………… (not tell) your parents that you’re going paragliding. 3.…………………… the trek ………………………………… (start) on time? 4.Julia ………………………………… (work) as a rapelling instructor next summer. 5.I think it ………………………………… (be) great to see Mark again. 6.How ………………… you ………………………………… (celebrate) Christmas this year? 2 Write sentences with the words below. Use Future Simple, be going to, Present Simple or Present Continuous. There may be more than one possible answer. 1.We mustn’t be late. the train / at exactly / leave / 4 pm / ...... 2.Alan hurt his back while skydiving. this afternoon / he / a doctor / see / ...... 3.Are you lost? I / the way / show you / ...... 4.It’s your birthday next week. you / a party / have / ? ...... 5.Move your glass. it / off the table / fall / ! ...... 6.Your son is so clever! be / he / one day / a great scientist / ...... 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use Future Continuous or Future Perfect Simple. 1.Meet me at the beginning of the trail. I ……………………………… (wait) for you. 2.Sharon is travelling round the world. By the time her trip is over, she ……………………………… (visit) 15 countries. 3.Trevor loves mountain biking. By next summer, he ……………………………… (save) enough money to buy his own bike. 4.I’ve booked a rafting trip. At this time tomorrow, we ……………………………… (ride) down the river! 5.I’m taking a stunt training course. By the time I finish, I ……………………………… (learn) enough to get a part in a film.

4 Choose the correct answer. 1. What time … ? a. does their plane arrive b. will their plane have arrived c. is their plane going to arrive 2. On her next trip, Bonnie … caving. a. will try b. will have tried c. is going to try 3. Don’t climb the mountain alone. … with you. a. I’m going to go b. I’ll go c. I go 4. We won’t be home on that date. We … in the mountains. a. will be hiking b. will hike c. will have hiked 5. You can see my photos tonight. I … them by then. a. will have uploaded b. will be uploading c. am uploading 6. We’ve decided to go to India. We … at the end of the week. a. will leave b. are leaving c. will have left 5 Complete the mini-dialogues with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct future form. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. A: I can’t believe it! By Saturday, we …………………… (finish) our surfing instructor’s course. B: That’s right. Do you think we …………………… (be) able to find jobs? 2. A: I …………………… (spend) the next two months in South America. B: It’s winter there now. I …………………… (lend) you my jacket. 3. A: I …………………… (come by) 3 pm. B: Could you come a little later? I …………………… (rest) then. 4. A: The match …………………… (begin) at 6 pm. B: I have to leave for work at 8.30. Do you think it …………………… (end) by then? 5. A: When …………………… the tour …………………… (start)? B: At noon. At this time tomorrow, we …………………… (fly) above the Grand Canyon! Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

The Greatest Black Briton I Who was voted the greatest black British person in a recent poll? Was it singer Sade, or boxer Frank Bruno? Actually, it was a nineteenth-century nurse who until recently had been largely forgotten. But why did Mary Seacole’s achievements go unnoticed, while those of Florence Nightingale, another famous British nurse, form the basis of modern nursing? II Seacole was born in 1805 in the then British colony of Jamaica, to a black woman known as a “doctress” because of the traditional healing methods she used. After practising on her pets and helping her mother nurse people, Seacole began nursing patients herself. Like Nightingale, she greatly emphasised cleanliness and nutrition. When the Crimean War broke out in 1853, between Russia on one side and Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire on the other, Seacole volunteered as a nurse. Despite her vast experience – including work at the British Army hospital in Jamaica – she was rejected by the official authorities. III Determined to help, Seacole financed her own journey, taking supplies out to the Crimea. On arrival, she set up a “hotel”. Here, Mother Seacole, as she was known, sold sandwiches and supplies such as tinned salmon and tooth powder. She also provided soldiers with meals, often including fresh meat from parrots and from the cows and chickens which she guarded with a gun. At times, she even rode out onto the battlefield to nurse wounded soldiers. Many doctors appreciated her work, and after the war, she was awarded a medal. IV So why was she almost forgotten for over 100 years? Was it because she lived very quietly until her death in 1881? Or was it because she was black, at a time when coloured people were less respected? No one knows, but since her story was rediscovered by a nurse in 1973, Seacole has become an inspiration, especially for feminist and anti-racism campaigners. Prizes and buildings bear her name and there is even a British stamp commemorating her life and achievements.

1 Choose the correct answer. 1. The greatest black Briton was ...... a. chosen by modern black celebrities b. always a singer or sportsman until recently c. a woman who was not generally well-known to the public 2. Which statement is NOT true about Seacole after her arrival in the Crimea? a. She acquired a nickname based on her maternal behaviour. b. She required the soldiers to pay for her nursing services. c. She sometimes risked her life to help wounded soldiers. 2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. Seacole learned to nurse partly by working with animals...... 2. Seacole has motivated women’s rights activists in recent times...... 3 Answer the question. What did local people call Seacole’s mother?......

4 Rewrite the sentences without changing the original meaning. 1. Despite her vast experience, she was rejected. Although ...... 2. On arriving in the Crimea, Seacole set up a hotel. When ...... 3. Many doctors appreciated her work. Her work ...... 5 Find words in the text that mean the following: 1. mostly (paragraph I) ...... 2. hygiene (paragraph II) ...... 3. established (paragraph III)...... 4. given (paragraph III) ...... 5. activists (paragraph IV) ...... 6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. What famous person, past or present, has inspired you? Explain why. 2. What is the best way to commemorate the achievements of important people? Explain your ideas

UNIT 4

Vocabulary 1 Complete the sentences with the words below and a suitable noun suffix. describe • person • argue • suggest • confident 1.Shelley and Paul had a huge …………………… in front of everyone at school. 2.The police are looking for the thief. Do they have a good …………………… of him? 3.I know you don’t like my idea, but do you have a better …………………… ? 4.Gina is very pretty, but in my opinion, she has got a negative …………………… . 5.Carl wants to apply for the job, but he doesn’t have enough …………………… . 2 Write L (logical) or I (illogical). Correct the illogical sentences without changing the words in bold...... 1. A pleasant person is nice to talk to...... 2. A person of average height isn’t very outgoing...... 3. If you’ve fallen out with someone, you live far away from them...... 4. Selfish people don’t worry about their marks...... 5. Someone with a great sense of humour is probably very serious...... 3 Complete the sentences to show that you understand the meaning of the bold words. 1. It’s hard to get along with someone who is ...... 2. It’s hard to be polite when ...... 3. If you don’t tell the truth, people won’t ...... 4. People often tell lies because ...... 5. You can trust people who ......

4 The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct sentence. 1.Dan refuses to change his mind. He’s extremely gorgeous. …………………… 2.I was very upset when my boyfriend was outgoing to my grandmother. …………………… 3.I have a similar background with Sandra on Friday night. …………………… 4.My best friend and I have a date. We are from the same neighbourhood. …………………… 5.Jake should eat more. He’s much too shy. …………………… 6.Bill is very rude, so he’s got a lot of friends. …………………… 7.Emma is so lucky! Tom is taking her to the dance – he’s stubborn! …………………… 8.I’m too skinny to give a presentation to the class. …………………… 5 Complete the passage with the words below. feel uncomfortable • relationship • appearance • share • get along body language • make a good impression • notice A person’s 1. …………………… can help you know if they are interested in you. If they look at you a lot, they probably like your 2. …………………… and want you to 3. …………………… them. If the person stands or sits close to you, it might make you 4. …………………… , but it could just be a sign that they like you a lot. When the two of you talk, they may play with their hair or adjust their clothes. This is a sign that they are trying to look nice and 5. …………………… . So how do you know if you should actually start a 6. …………………… ? Here’s one way to tell: if the other person copies your movements while you talk, for example, crossing their arms or legs when you do, it could be a sign that you 7. …………………… the same way of thinking and will probably 8. …………………… well.

Grammar 1 Choose the correct answer. 1.Why don’t you share things with your brother? You ...... be so selfish. a. shouldn’t b. can’t c. don’t have to 2.If the police ask you a question, you ...... tell the truth. a. can b. may c. must 3.That ...... be Maureen! She looks completely different! a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t 4.David has got a new girlfriend. He ...... be very happy. a. has to b. must c. could 5.I ...... run for miles when I was younger. a. could b. can c. might 2 Complete the sentences with the modal perfects below. might not have • should have • shouldn’t have • must have • could have 1.Elizabeth didn’t call me yesterday. She ………………………………… forgotten that it was my birthday. 2.This isn’t the first time she’s forgotten my birthday. She ………………………………… done it again. 3.I ………………………………… reminded her, but I didn’t want to. 4.She ………………………………… looked at her calendar. Maybe that’s why she forgot. 5.I bought her a present and took her out on her birthday. She ………………………………… done the same for me. 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use modal perfects, affirmative or negative. 1.He didn’t answer the phone. He …………………… (might / hear) it. 2.I …………………… (could / ask) Lucy for a date, but she asked me first. 3.Nancy found out that you didn’t invite her to your party. You …………………… (should / invite) her! 4.He …………………… (may / post) a photo from years ago. Maybe he’s not so good-looking now! 5.You …………………… (should / lie) to me. I’ll never believe you again. 6.I can’t find my keys. I …………………… (must / leave) them on the bus.

4 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use a modal or a modal perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. A: It’s raining! We …………………… (take) our umbrellas this morning. B: We …………………… (not know) then. There were no clouds. A: Lauren …………………… (have) one that we can use. Let’s ask her. 2. A: It …………………… (not be) true that Sandy and Dean are together. Sandy is Ted’s girlfriend. B: Not any more. You …………………… (not hear) yet, but they broke up last month. A: Really? Oh, Ted …………………… (feel) happy when he found out about her and Dean. 3. A: John is going to bed early. He …………………… (be) exhausted. B: Personally, I think he …………………… (not do) all that work himself today. A: That’s true. I …………………… (help) him, but I didn’t have time. 5 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning. 1.I’m sure that Mike is glad that he met Celia. (must) ...... 2.It’s possible that Fiona called while you were in the shower. (may) ...... 3.There’s a chance that Larry will come to the party. (might) ...... 4.You weren’t obligated to do the washing up after the meal. (didn’t) ...... 5.I regret spending so much money on Olivia’s present. (should) ......

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Cash for Trash Most people in the West know about carbon footprints – that is, the environmental damage caused by using fossil fuels like gas, coal and petrol. But scientists are now also concerned about toxic and radioactive footprints left by improper disposal of electronic and other equipment. Old mobile phones and DVD players – in fact, anything with a circuit board – contain dangerous metals, 5 so some US states have laws requiring them to be recycled at special sites. However, according to a 2010 survey by economist Jean-Daniel Saphores, most laws are ineffective. He polled over 3,000 US households in states with and without these laws, and found no difference in how this “e-waste” was handled. On average, only 11-14% of e-waste is sent for recycling. Worse still, it’s not only obvious items that can cause problems. For example, batteries and fluorescent light bulbs are also dangerous. So are old thermometers, which contain mercury, a heavy metal that 10 can poison the land. Moreover, it’s not only people in the US that are harmed by e-waste: up to 80% of the rubbish collected there is sent abroad, often to poor countries, where children pick over it to make a living, exposing them to poisonous materials. Existing laws don’t work for several reasons. Enforcement is difficult, and even those found guilty usually just receive a warning. Also, certain demographic groups are often unaware of disposal options. But rather than relying on stricter penalties, better education and easier access to recycling sites, 15 Saphores proposes another solution: purchasers of electronic equipment should pay slightly more for each item as a deposit, which would be returned when items are brought back for recycling. A similar incentive scheme is already in operation at some colleges, where students can trade e-waste for cash or other rewards. It is true that Saphores’ proposed solution will need cooperation from politicians as well as product manufacturers, but looking into the future, can these groups afford not to act?

1 Choose the correct answer. 1. Nowadays, scientists ...... a. worry more about carbon footprints generated in the Western world b. feel that irresponsible treatment of poisonous waste poses a big problem c. suggest that toxic and radioactive waste may affect supplies of fossil fuels 2. Saphores believes that ...... a. the problem can best be solved by educating the public b. higher prices mean people will keep their electronic items for longer c. a returnable deposit will encourage people to recycle 2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. Laws on recycling hazardous waste affect only items used for communication...... 2. Jean-Daniel Saphores discovered that under 15% of e-waste in the US is recycled......

3 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text. 1. Usually, nothing more than a warning ...... 2. Saphores believes that politicians ...... 4 Answer the question. Why are old thermometers so hazardous?...... 5 Choose the best synonym for the words below: 1.concerned about (line 2) a. excited about c. discovering b. worried about d. surprised by 2.pick over (line 11) a. sell c. sort through b. burn d. throw out 3.purchasers (line 14) a. buyers c. users b. manufacturers d. inspectors 6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. What do you think is the best way to encourage the public to recycle their rubbish? Explain your ideas. 2. What is the best way for rich countries to help poorer ones? Explain your ideas.

UNIT 5

Vocabulary 1 Complete the sentences with the words below and a suitable suffix. real • emotion • innovate • danger • predict 1.Don’t drive so fast, it’s …………………… ! 2.The film was boring and …………………… . 3.These prizes are given to inventors with the most …………………… ideas. 4.What’s wrong with Trish? She’s very …………………… these days. 5.This historical film is excellent. The sound and visual effects are extremely …………………… . 2 Choose the correct continuation to show you understand the words and expressions in bold. 1.That film will be a box office hit. a. It’s going to make a lot of money. b. No one will go to see it. 2.Jamie Clarke gave a brilliant performance. a. I think he’ll get an Oscar. b. I can’t understand how he got the role. 3.I highly recommend that film. a. Don’t waste your money. b. You should go and see it tonight. 4.The film’s soundtrack is amazing. a. The music was composed by Ron Green. b. The clothes were designed by Juliet Shaw. 5.We were really disappointed with the dancers. a. They were very good. b. They weren’t professional. 3 Match each comment from an entertainment review in A to a word or phrase in B that means the same thing. A B 1.The plot was quite boring...... a. outstanding 2.Joe Blarney’s routine is amusing...... b. humorous 3.The show was terrible and I’m sorry we went! ...... c. a waste of time 4.This film tells the sad story of Molly Brown...... d. dull 5.Blake’s latest play is absolutely fantastic! ...... e. moving

4 Complete the sentences with the words below. dubbed • released • award • weak • main character • costumes 1.In my opinion, Beyoncé didn’t deserve that …………………… . 2.This unusual Chinese film has been …………………… into English. 3.Johnny Depp plays the …………………… in Pirates of the Carribbean. 4.The first film in this series was …………………… in 2010. 5.The actors were all excellent, but unfortunately, the play’s storyline was …………………… . 6.The …………………… in this historical film are absolutely gorgeous. 5 Complete the film review with the words and phrases below. based on • audiences • action-packed • directed by • stars • cast • plot • worth seeing Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief

Our Rating: ****

The Lightning Thief is the first film in the Percy Jackson series. This film is 1. …………………… the novel by Rick Riordan and was 2. …………………… Chris Columbus. It 3. …………………… Logan Lerman as Percy, as well as a large 4. …………………… of famous actors including Sean Bean, Pierce Brosnan and Uma Thurman. The 5. …………………… tells the story of Percy, a 16- year-old boy who discovers that he is the son of the Greek god Poseidon. Percy gets an important task – to find a stolen lightning bolt and return it to Zeus. This 6. …………………… fantasy adventure will appeal to both young and old 7. …………………… , and is certainly 8. …………………… .

Grammar 1 Choose the correct answer. 1.The film I want to see has just released / has just been released. 2.A new documentary is being produced / is producing by the Discovery Channel. 3.Everyone should see / should be seen The Hunger Games. 4.The app can download / can be downloaded on any type of smartphone. 5.I think this film might have shot / might have been shot in France. 6.Producers sometimes give / are given new actors important roles. 2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive form. 1.…………………… the character of Mickey Mouse …………………… (create) by Walt Disney? 2.Animated films today …………………… (can / not make) without computers. 3.Sara was upset because her photos …………………… (delete). 4.The Oscars …………………… (not give) in London. 5.We waited in a café while our car …………………… (repair). 6.At what time …………………… tomorrow’s press conference …………………… (hold)? 3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Omit the agent when possible. 1.They’re not showing that film in the cinema any more...... 2.Has someone already booked the three o’clock session? ...... 3.You should not have trusted those people...... 4.My father will make the reservations for the weekend...... 5.The producer and director usually choose the actors...... 6.Did Rihanna write that song? ...... 4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the causative form. 1.The actors are busy now. They …………………… their makeup …………………… (do). 2.The actress doesn’t buy her clothes in shops. She always …………………… them …………………… (make) by designers. 3.The film is ready to be released. The company …………………… it …………………… (dub) into 15 languages. 4.My tooth aches. I …………………… it …………………… (check) tomorrow. 5.It’s so hot in our flat. We …………………… air conditioning …………………… (should install).

5 Complete the passages with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active, passive or causative. A As we started filming our school video this morning, we realised that the camera 1. …………………… (not work). We are now 2. …………………… it …………………… (repair). In my opinion, all the equipment 3. …………………… (should have / check) before the shooting began. Mistakes like this 4. …………………… (make) in the past – it’s a pity we don’t learn from them. B Star Trek into Darkness 1. …………………… (see) by millions of people since its release in 2013. The producers used 2D technology while it 2. …………………… (shoot), but later they 3. …………………… it …………………… (convert) to 3D. Leonard Nimoy, the original Dr Spock from the 1970s TV series, 4. …………………… (appear) in the film. C Our new flat 1. …………………… (complete) soon. It’s in a group of buildings that 2. …………………… (build) near my school. We 3. …………………… (move) in six months. We 4. …………………… all our things …………………… (transport) by a removal company. Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Bee Careful I You probably associate bees with honey, but bees also help to produce many other foods. They are important in pollinating, or fertilising, many fruits and vegetables, as well as plants that feed animals. These, in turn, provide us with meat and dairy products. II So in 2006, beekeepers in North America, and later in Europe, were alarmed to find that their bee colonies, or groups, were disappearing. Many beehives, where the bees lived, were suddenly almost empty, containing only the queen, a few young bees and some honey. III Scientists call the phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and they have several theories to explain it. The bees may have been damaged by a virus or a fungus, or else by modern farming techniques. For example, bees may become malnourished if exposed to only one crop rather than a variety, while new ways of dividing and recombining hives may also damage the inhabitants. Moreover, renting out bees for pollination, which is lucrative to farmers but which involves transporting the hives over long distances, may also increase the bees’ exposure to harmful influences. Finally, scientists are examining environmental factors such as contaminated water supplies and global warming, which can upset the bees’ natural cycle due to changing weather patterns. IV However, most experts believe a combination of factors is probably responsible for CCD. This makes it difficult to find a cure. Many possibilities are being examined, including the development of Remebee, a substance to protect the bees against a damaging virus. Other suggestions include limiting the use of pesticides and supplementing the bees’ food supply so they are not hungry. Still others recommend a return to traditional beekeeping methods to reduce the amount of human intervention and allow bees more freedom to follow their natural patterns. V Physicist Albert Einstein once said, “If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, man would have only four years to live.” While this may be an exaggeration, if all the bees vanished, people would almost certainly face severe food shortages. It is vitally important that efforts to reverse CCD succeed in the near future.

1 Choose the correct answer. 1. Colony Collapse Disorder ...... a. was first noticed in 2006 b. has only affected hives in North America so far c. destroys all the honey created by the bees 2. The writer believes that ...... a. Einstein was completely right in his prediction b. CCD could create terrible problems for humans c. lack of food may cause the bees to vanish quickly 2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. Bees indirectly contribute to meat production...... 2. Scientists believe there is one cause of CCD...... 3. An anti-viral compound may help control CCD......

3 Answer the question. How might global warming contribute to CCD? ...... 4 Rewrite the sentences without changing the original meaning. 1. Bees are helpful in pollinating many plants. Bees help to ...... 2. A fungus might have harmed the bees. The bees ...... 5 Find words in the text that mean the following: 1. deserted (paragraph I) ...... 2. immature (paragraph II) ...... 3. agricultural (paragraph III)...... 4. permit (paragraph IV) ...... 5. although (paragraph V) ...... 6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. Write a letter to a friend describing a recent day out that you enjoyed in nature. 2. Excessive human intervention in nature may soon cause catastrophic problems. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your reasons.

UNIT 6

Vocabulary 1 Write T (true) or F (false). Pay attention to the words in bold...... 1. Something that is a bargain is being sold at a good price...... 2. People usually borrow money from people they don’t know...... 3. A coin is usually made of plastic...... 4. You should get a receipt when you pay for something...... 5. If you can’t afford something, it means you don’t like it...... 6. Brand name clothing is usually expensive...... 7. You might give a voucher to someone on their birthday. 2 Replace the words and expressions in bold with the words and expressions below. exchange • a refund • purchase • pocket money • half-price 1.This offer applies to any item you buy from this shop. …………………… 2.Do you ever swap clothes with your friends? …………………… 3.I got these jeans with my money I get from my parents. …………………… 4.These earrings are 50% off! …………………… 5.I’m sure the shop will give you your money back. …………………… 3 Circle the word that doesn’t belong. 1. a. earn b. spend c. rent d. save 2. a. bill b. bargain c. receipt d. note 3. a. cash b. cheque c. value d. coin 4 Complete the sentences with the correct particle. 1.I lent Kate $10 last week, but she hasn’t paid me …………………… . 2.I need a new outfit for the . Will you come and help me pick something …………………… ? 3.Harry is going to pick me …………………… at 7.00 tonight. 4.This jacket would look great on you. Why don’t you try it …………………… ? 5.I don’t like the shirt Jack bought me. I’m going to take it …………………… to the shop. 6.Maybe they’ll let us try …………………… the new version of the game before we buy it. 7.Sorry, I can’t go shopping now. I have to look …………………… my little brother. 8.Have you heard? Ron is taking Marianne …………………… to the cinema tonight! 5 Complete the dialogue with the words and phrases below. owed • on sale • paid … back • borrowed • pocket money • manage your money • lend A: Dad, can you 1. …………………… me €15? I want to buy a computer game. They’re 2. …………………… this week! B: Tom, I gave you your 3. …………………… yesterday. Where is it? A: Well, I 4. …………………… Jack €10 and last week I 5. …………………… money from Mum, so I 6. …………………… them . B: That’s ridiculous. You really need to learn how to 7. …………………… ! A: You’re right. Meantime, about that computer game … Grammar 1 Choose the correct relative pronoun. 1.People often buy things which / who / whose they don’t need. 2.I’d like to go to a shop that / who / where they sell second-hand clothes. 3.These are the people who / whose / that house we are buying. 4.Wednesday is the day which / where / when you promised to pay me back. 5.The man where / who / which is sitting over there is my uncle. 6.Is the book who / where / that you are reading interesting? 2 Complete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. 1.December is the month …………………… everyone does their Christmas shopping. 2.I’ll show you the flat …………………… we want to rent. 3.Did they find the man …………………… robbed the shop? 4.This is the customer …………………… toaster doesn’t work. 5.I like to shop in places …………………… I can find a bargain. 6.We found a restaurant …………………… was still open. 3 Combine the sentences using relative pronouns. 1.I grew up in a small town. There weren’t many shops there...... 2.November is a busy month. People begin their Christmas shopping then...... 3.I felt sorry for the boy. His bicycle had been stolen...... 4.The coins are on the floor. I dropped them...... 5.The film was fantastic. Bob recommended it to us...... 6.I asked for the sales assistant. I had spoken to her on the phone...... 4 In which sentences in Exercise 3 can the relative pronoun be omitted? ......

5 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use non-defining relative clauses and add any necessary commas. 1.My new car is very fast. It’s the latest model. (which) ...... 2.Don’t try to shop between 2 pm and 4 pm. The shops close for siesta then. (when) ...... 3.Patricia is an old friend of mine. She owns the bakery on High Street. (who) ...... 4.Janet will pick us up at 9 pm. Her mother is lending her the car. (whose) ...... 5.Edinburgh is a beautiful city. I am studying at university there. (where) ...... 6.Nike makes sports clothes. It is a huge company. (which) ...... 6 Complete the passage below with suitable relative pronouns.

• What type of shopper are you? See if you match any of the categories 1. …………………… are described below. • The Bargain Hunter is the kind of shopper 2. …………………… is always looking for the cheapest price. He shops only at specific times, 3. …………………… he knows things are on sale. • The Impulse Buyer is a shopper 4. …………………… impulses control him. He’ll buy something 5. …………………… he wants the moment he sees it, without thinking much about the price. • The Researcher, 6. …………………… needs to know everything, will visit 14 websites to find information about all the brands before deciding which to buy. • The Loyal Shopper buys all his things at one shop, 7. …………………… he feels he can depend on the service, prices and quality 8. …………………… they offer.

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Days, Weeks and Years Western culture places great emphasis on dates: you wouldn’t, for example, arrive on Friday for a party scheduled for Saturday. But how did the names we use for the days of the week and months of the year come to be? Some weekday names are unmistakable: Saturday, Sunday and Monday recall the planet Saturn, the sun and the moon. But those named for Germanic and Scandinavian gods are less obvious: Tuesday 5 honors Tiw, a war god; Wednesday represents Odin, chief of the old Norse gods; Thursday is named for Thor, the Norse god of thunder, while Freya, the goddess of love, names Friday in many traditions. The names of the months, however, are Latin-based. September, October, November and December are named for their place in the old Roman calendar (that is, they were the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth months of the year), which started in March after the winter period. In about 713 BC, two new months 10 were added to the calendar: January, honouring Janus, the two-faced god who looks forward to the new year and backward to the old, and February, named for Februa, a mid-month cleaning . The numbered months all moved forward in the calendar, but kept their original names. Most calendars are based on the Earth’s orbit around the sun (365 ¼ days) or on the moon’s cycle (12 months of 29 ½ days). The problem comes with the fractions, making adjustments necessary. Julius Caesar’s calendar, adopted in 45 BC, added an extra day to every fourth February, creating what we call 15 a leap year. But inaccurate calculations by his astronomers made each year in the Julian calendar about 11 minutes too short. The result was that by 1582, the calendar did not correspond to the Earth’s natural cycle, and Pope Gregory XIII needed to make alterations. When the Gregorian calendar was eventually adopted in Britain in1752, the calendar had to move forward by 11 days, skipping from 3rd September directly to 14th September. The people rioted, convinced they would lose pay or, worse, days from their lives! Our calendar is full of history, so next time you set a meeting for Thursday, 29th February; remember the 20 ancient gods and the astronomers who made it possible.

1 Choose the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is NOT true? a. The names of stars and planets are used for some days of the week. b. Days may be named after male or female gods. c. The origins of all the days’ names are obvious. 2. In 1582, ...... a. the natural cycle of the Earth shifted slightly b. the calendar needed revisions to fit the Earth’s natural cycle c. the Pope realised the calendar would need to change in 1752 2 Decide if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). Find evidence in the text to justify your answers...... 1. Some months still have names that reflect their order in the old Roman calendar...... 2. In 1752 in Britain, the government added 11 days to the month of September...... 3 Answer the question. After which men have calendars been named? ......

4 Rewrite the sentence without changing the original meaning By 1582, the calendar did not correspond to the Earth’s natural cycle. By 1582, the calendar no longer ...... 5 Choose the best synonym for the words below: 1.obvious (line 4) a. usual c. known b. clear d. famous 2.correspond (line 16) a. match c. agree b. communicate with d. work 3.adopted (line 17) a. followed c. changed b. accepted d. started 6 Write a composition of 100-150 words. Choose ONE option. 1. Which is your favourite or least favourite day of the week or month of the year? Explain. 2. It is ridiculous to use the names of old gods for weekdays, which should be numbered instead. Do you agree or disagree?