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Schattner, Frank+Walter,+Sustainability+Within SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN CHURCH PLANTING MOVEMENTS IN EAST ASIA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Cook School of Intercultural Studies Biola University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Missiology by Frank Walter Schattner May 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Frank Walter Schattner ABSTRACT SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN CHURCH PLANTING MOVEMENTS IN EAST ASIA Frank Schattner The interest in Church Planting Movements (CPM) as described by David Garrison in his two books entitled the same, has generated a lot of interest and discussion, especially in the mission world. Garrison presented anecdotal case studies describing unprecedented numbers of church plants within a very short period of time. He also summarizes universal and common factors inherent within CPM’s he has analyzed. As time went on, criticisms began to emerge regarding some reported movements raising questions as to the accuracy of the reports. These reports began to generate questions as to the sustainability of movements. This research looks specifically at the question of sustainability within CPMs. Until now, no research has been conducted in order to understand how experienced CPM practitioners define sustainability within a CPM and what practices were engaged in for the purpose of sustaining a CPM. Twenty-three experienced CPM practitioners were interviewed for this qualitative research project. A few of the participants have seen movements of over a million. What fruitful practices did these participants engage in so that a sustained movement emerged? Through the use of data analysis tools, eleven themes emerged. These eleven themes were grouped into three categories (a) Core (Holy Spirit and Vision); (b) Fruitful Practices (Mission, Reproduction, Worldview Transformation, Church Ecclesiology and Leadership); and (c) Universals (Training, Role of Missionary, Indigenous and Prayer). These themes were integrated into a visual model, The Wheel. The grounded theory generated as a result of this research states that if CPM practitioners are able to successfully integrate the five fruitful practices simultaneously, then a sustained movement will occur, because it incorporates the best of what has been learned from both the Church Growth Movement and CPM. The author suggests that the Wheel Model presented in this research could be an appropriate model as modern missions moves into the fourth era. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 Some Backstory: Observing God at Work ...........................................................2 Critics Begin to Question CPMs ...........................................................................4 Categorizing the Concerns ..................................................................................12 Theological ...................................................................................................12 Missiological .................................................................................................12 Anthropological ............................................................................................13 Ecclesiological ..............................................................................................14 Research Scope ...................................................................................................15 Problem Statement ........................................................................................16 Purpose Statement ........................................................................................16 Research Questions .......................................................................................16 Delimitations .................................................................................................16 Limitations ....................................................................................................17 Bias ...............................................................................................................18 iii PAGE Significance ..................................................................................................18 Definitions ..........................................................................................................19 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................................24 Introduction to Church Growth History..............................................................24 Biblical Accounts ................................................................................................25 Early Church/Missionary History .......................................................................26 Patrick of Ireland (c. 387-461 A.D.) .............................................................26 Boniface or Wynfrith of Crediton (c. 675-754) ............................................27 Pre-Church Growth Movement During Modern Era ..........................................28 John Nevius (1829-1893)..............................................................................28 Gustav Warneck (1834-1910) .......................................................................31 Christian Keysser (1877-1961) .....................................................................33 Roland Allen (1868-1947) ............................................................................35 Church Growth Movement .................................................................................37 J. W. Pickett (1890-1981) .............................................................................37 Donald McGavran (1897-1990) ....................................................................39 Alan Tippett (1911-1988) .............................................................................43 Ralph Winter (1924-2009) ............................................................................45 Peter Wagner (1930-Present) ........................................................................46 Church Planting Movements ..............................................................................48 David Garrison (1958-present) .....................................................................48 Garrison’s Influence .....................................................................................49 Distinctions Between the CGM and the CPM ....................................................49 iv PAGE Looking Forward ................................................................................................52 3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES ..........................................................................56 General Assumptions ..........................................................................................56 Ontological Assumptions ....................................................................................60 Data Collection ...................................................................................................61 Method of Inquiry ...............................................................................................63 Interview Pool ...............................................................................................64 Interview Methodology.................................................................................65 Data Storage ..................................................................................................65 Data Analysis Strategies .....................................................................................66 Validation Strategies ...........................................................................................69 Creswell’s Six Validation Strategies ..................................................................70 4. METHODOLOGICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND THE PARTICIPANT POOL73 Introducing the Players .......................................................................................73 Methodological Implementation .........................................................................91 5. DATA ANALYSIS: ELEVEN EMERGING THEMES AND THREE CATEGORIES ....................................................................................................98 Diving into the Data: Coding Followed by Deeper Analysis .............................98 Coding: Selecting and Categorizing Source Material into Themes ....................98 Querying: Computer Generated Data Analysis ................................................102 Isolating Key Practices Contributing Toward a Sustainable CPM ...................104 Queries and Visualizations ...............................................................................107 Final Thoughts ..................................................................................................117 v PAGE 6. HEARING DIRECTLY FROM THE PARTICIPANTS: CORE ..........................125 Role of the Holy Spirit ......................................................................................126 Vision ................................................................................................................130 7. HEARING DIRECTLY FROM THE PARTICIPANTS: FRUITFUL PRACTICES132 Reproduction .....................................................................................................132
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