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Front Cover.P65 THE JOHN F. KENNEDY NATIONAL SECURITY FILES AFRICA:AFRICA: NATIONAL SECURITY FILES, 1961–1963 FIRST SUPPLEMENT A UPA Collection from National Security Files General Editor George C. Herring The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963 Africa First Supplement Microfilmed from the Holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Dan Elasky A UPA Collection from 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa, First supplement [microform]. microfilm reels. “Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.” Summary: Reproduces memoranda, cables, intelligence reports, correspondence, and special studies, in a chronological arrangement by country. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Dan Elasky entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa, First supplement. ISBN 1-55655-905-4 1. Africa—Foreign relations—United States—Sources. 2. United States—Foreign relations—Africa—Sources. 3. Africa—Foreign relations—1960—Sources. 4. United States—Foreign relations—1961–1963—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Elasky, Dan. III. John F. Kennedy Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa, First supplement. DT38.7 327.7306'09'046—dc22 2004048439 CIP Copyright © 2004 LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-905-4. TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ...................................................................................... v Source Note ........................................................................................................... ix Editorial Note......................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ ix Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ xi Reel Index Reel 1 Africa ............................................................................................................... 1 Reel 2 Africa cont. ...................................................................................................... 3 Algeria ............................................................................................................. 3 Reel 3 Algeria cont. ..................................................................................................... 4 Angola ............................................................................................................. 5 Cameroon........................................................................................................ 5 Reel 4 Cameroon cont. ............................................................................................... 5 Central African Republic ................................................................................. 5 Congo .............................................................................................................. 6 Reels 5–9 Congo cont. ..................................................................................................... 7 Reel 10 Congo cont. ..................................................................................................... 14 Dahomey ......................................................................................................... 14 Ethiopia............................................................................................................ 14 Reel 11 Gabon ............................................................................................................. 15 Ghana ............................................................................................................. 15 iii Guinea ............................................................................................................. 16 Ivory Coast...................................................................................................... 17 Kenya .............................................................................................................. 17 Liberia .............................................................................................................. 17 Reel 12 Liberia cont. ..................................................................................................... 18 Libya ................................................................................................................ 18 Malagasy ......................................................................................................... 18 Mauritania ........................................................................................................ 18 Morocco .......................................................................................................... 19 Reel 13 Morocco cont. ................................................................................................. 19 Niger ................................................................................................................ 20 Nigeria ............................................................................................................. 20 Reel 14 Nigeria cont. .................................................................................................... 20 Nyasaland ....................................................................................................... 21 Rhodesia ......................................................................................................... 21 Rwanda-Burundi ............................................................................................. 21 Senegal ........................................................................................................... 22 Sierra Leone .................................................................................................... 22 Somalia............................................................................................................ 22 Reel 15 Somalia cont. ................................................................................................... 22 South Africa ..................................................................................................... 23 Sudan .............................................................................................................. 23 Reel 16 Sudan cont. ..................................................................................................... 23 Tanganyika ...................................................................................................... 23 Togo ................................................................................................................. 23 Tunisia ............................................................................................................. 24 Reel 17 Tunisia cont. ..................................................................................................... 25 Reel 18 Tunisia cont. ................................................................................................... 26 Uganda ............................................................................................................ 26 Union Africaine et Malagache (UAM) .............................................................. 26 Upper Volta ...................................................................................................... 26 Principal Correspondents Index.......................................................................... 27 Subject Index ......................................................................................................... 31 iv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963, Africa, First Supplement contains a vast collection of recently released documents on political, social, and economic developments in Africa, as well as on the Kennedy administration’s efforts both to respond to these developments and to shape them. The 1961–1963 span overlaps much of the critical period during which African societies achieved the transition from their status as colonies of European powers to that of full independence and sovereignty. The collection offers significant amounts of material on many issues of critical importance in the emergence and development of African nations. The material is organized into a general section for documents on Africa as a whole, followed by separate sections for each of thirty-two countries and the African and Malagasy Union (Union Africaine et Malagache, or UAM). Each section contains some or all of the following types of documents: diplomatic cables, military and intelligence reports, White House–State Department letters and notes, memoranda of White House conversations, political/economic assessments, personal communications between African leaders, or communications between them and John F. Kennedy, other U.S. officials, United Nations (UN) officials, or European leaders. African leaders receiving prominent coverage include Cyrille Adoula, Ahmadou Ahidjo, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Ahmed Ben Bella, Justin Bomboko, Habib Bourguiba, King Hassan II, Felix Houphouet-Boigny,
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