233 Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, 13(2), 233-248, 2005 MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF ANABASIS ARTICULATA ECOTYPES IN EGYPT [14] Khafagi, Azza A.F.1; A.M.H. Marei2 and Sahar K. Mohamed1

ABSTRACT

The present study has been carried out on ten stands of Anabasis articulata in Egypt. The relationships between the studied Anabasis articulata stands have been demonstrated as dendrogram based on the morphology, anatomy and some chemical constituents of the plants. Four characteristic ecotypes of Anabasis articulata have been recognized: (i) xerophytic ecotype in the stands of Belbase desert and Sudr El Hytat-Nekhl Road, (ii) xero - halophytiç ecotype in the stands of the Eastern Desert, Sinai Desert, Kattamia-Ain Sukhna Road, Isthmic desert (Fayid), Adabia and Saint Katherine, (iii) halophytic ecotype in the stands of the Red Sea Costal region, Ras Sudr and Hammam Faraon, Sinai and (iv) halo-xerophytic in the stands of the Nekhl-El Hasana and El Hasana-El Quseima Roads. These ecotypes differ, remark- ably, morphologically, anatomically and chemically. This may be due to the varia- tion in climatic and soil characteristics of the habitats.

Key words: Anabasis articulata, Ecotypes, Morphology and Anatomy.

INTRODUCTION About 25 Anabasis species are rec- orded worldwide in steppes and deserts, mainly in Irano-Turanian and Saharo- Anabasis articulata is a dwarf-shrub, Arabian regions (Zohary, 1966). In 35-110 cm. Stems woody to half their Egypt Anabasis L. comprises four spe- length or more, erect or tortuous. Branch- cies: A. articulata, A. setifera, A. orope- es opposite, with more or less equal in- diorum and A. syriaca (Boulos, 1999). A. ternodes, brittle, the older ones with split articulata and A. setifera are widely dis- and peeling bark. Leaves reduced to a tributed in all Egyptian deserts, exhibiting short, 2-lobed cupule, villose within. adaptability to various habitats, particu- Flowers up to 5 mm, solitary, opposite, larly in the halic and xeric ones. While, the upper arranged in spikes at ends of A. syriaca and A. oropediorum are very branches (Boulos, 1999). limited in their occurrence.

1- Botany Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. 2- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

(Received October 9, 2004) (Accepted November 3, 2004) 234 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed

Shalaby (1961) studied the vegetation perature, length of seasons and shade) and phytochemical (saponins) contents of and biotic influences (e.g. grazing and A. setifera and A. articulata collected parasitism). from nine stands. He stated that Anabasis The present paper presents a detailed articulata grows found only rarely in the morphological, anatomical studies as well inner deserts, but was very common in as some chemical analysis on ten samples the Coastal Mediteranean desert. Accord- of A. articulata collected from different ing to Fahn (1964), in Anabasis articu- locations of the Egyptian deserts. late, stems contain some of the most im- portant adaptations of plants to desert life. Fahn (1963), stem assimilants are species MATERIAL AND METHODS with green stems that carry the main bur- den of photosynthesizing throughout the Five samples of Anabasis articulata year. In the articulated Chenopodiaceae, were collected from each of the ten stands such as Anabasis species, the fleshy pho- growing in the three regions (Eastern tosynthesizing cortex shed from the ma- desert, Isthmic desert and Sinai proper) of ture stem in the summer as the result of Egypt namely: Kattamia - Ain Sukhna the formation of a periderm, which de- Road (50 km. From Cairo), Adabia (Suez velops in the phloem parenchyma. Ah- - Ain Sukhna Road), Belbase desert, med and Marzouk (1997) studied Anab- Fayid desert, Ras Sudr site, Hammam asis species collected from Northern Faraon stand, Saint Katherine region, Mediterranean Coastal and Sinai using Sudr El -Hytat- Nekhl Road, Nekhl El- numerical analysis technique. The gross Hasana Road and El- Hasana El- Qusei- morphology, floral morphology, palynol- ma Road. All sample were collected dur- ogy and seed proteins electrophoresis of ing 2000-2003 period. the collected specimens were studied. - The mean values of climatic factors The studied A. articulata specimens for the ten studied localities (Table 1) grouped into two clusters. The first clus- were obtained from the Meteorologi- ter includes specimens collected from cal Department of Egypt for the peri- middle and south Sinai, while the second ods of investigation (2000-2002). cluster includes specimens collected from - Soil samples of each studied stand Mediterranean Coastal Land. were taken to a depth of 30 cm. The On the other hand, Olowokudejo soil moisture content was deter- (1986) stated that the population has be- mined. Soil samples were air-dried, come a key word in taxonomy since the sieved for analysis of soil particles. inherent variability of species has been The total carbonates, the total soluble accepted as a phenomenon requiring salts, chlorides, sulphates and pH study and appropriate treatment. value were determined. The methods Examples of the different ecotypes are used in this study are those adopted given by Stace (1989) who listed cases of by Rowell (1994). physiological ecotypes involving adapta- - The total ash content in leaves, stems tions to differences in soil conditions (e.g. and roots was determined after salinity, pH, heavy metals, nutrients and Brower and Zar (1984). The miner- moisture), climate e.g. day length, tem- al composition in the plant were es-

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 235

timated following A.O.A.C. (1985) - The relationships between the studied for sodium, potassium, calcium and Anabasis articulata specimens have magnesium contents; and by Lowry been demonstrated as dendrogram (1951); Wall et al (1954) and (Fig. 2) by using statistical programs Dubois et al (1956) for total soluble PRIMER (Ver. 5.0). Morphological, proteins, total lipid, proline and total anatomical and chemical constituent carbohydrates contents. data of the specimens in the different - The morphological and anatomical stands were statistically analysed by characteristics of the plant were de- means of Euclidean distance using an termined (Tables 3 & 4 and Figure unweighted pair group method with 1). arithmetic mean (UPGMA).

Table 1. Means of the climatic particulars of five desert regions of Egypt (Meteorology Department, Cairo, 2001-2002).

Wind ve- Temperature in °C Relative Regions locity Rainfall humidity % Max. Min. (km/hr) Suez 45 9.2 55 - 69 11 - 19 0 - 6 Cairo 38.5 7.8 56 - 59 5.8 - 8.4 0 - 2 Ismailia 39.4 6.2 56 - 69 4.1 - 6.3 0 - 2.4 Middle Sinai 27.22 13.44 78.6 - 94.2 ** 0 - 10.2 Saint Catherine 34.3 -2.1 ** 5.8 - 10.1 0 - 13.6

RESULTS Cairo area

The maximum temperature reached A. Ecological Features 39 oC in July while the minimum temper- ature decreased to 7.8 oC in January and a - Climate of the studied areas February. The highest rainfall value was recorded in February (1.7mm) and the There are wide range of temperature period from June to September was rain- and humidity both annual and diurnal. less. The maximum relative humidity Rainfall is scanty and varies in the differ- recorded was 63 % in November and ent years. Generally the climate of the January and the minimum R.H. was 36 % inner desert areas is of the extremely arid in June. The maximum wind velocity was type. However, that of the Mediterranean recorded in May (8.4 km/hr.) while the region is of the semi - arid type.

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 236 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed minimum value was in November (5.8 rainfall was in October (13.6 mm.) and km/hr.) rainless in the remainders. Ismailia area Middle Sinai area

The maximum temperature reached The maximum temperature reached 39.4°C in July while the minimum tem- 27.22oC in August while the minimum perature decreased to 6.2oC in January. temperature decreased to 13.44oC in De- The highest rainfall value was recorded in cember. The highest rainfall value was March (2.4 mm) and the period from June recorded in January (10.24 mm) and the to September was rainless. The maximum period from April to September was rain- relative humidity recorded was 68.6 % in less. The maximum relative humidity November and the minimum R.H. was recorded was 94.22 % in January and the 55.9 % in April. The maximum wind minimum R.H. was 78.56 % in June. velocity was recorded in May (6.3 km/hr.) while the minimum value was in b- Soil analysis November (4.1km/hr.). 1- Mechanical analysis Suez area The mechanical analysis of the stud- ied samples showed remarkable differ- The maximum temperature reached ences in soil texture due to differences in 45oC in August while the minimum tem- o soil types (Table 2). The gravel fraction perature decreased to 9.2 C in January. recorded the highest value (61.6%) in The highest rainfall value was recorded in middle road of Kattamia Ain -Sukhna February and December (6 mm) and the while it recorded the lowest value (1.2%) period from April to September was rain- near Ras-Sudr. Coarse sand fraction was less. The maximum relative humidity recorded the highest value (61%) in Ras recorded was 69 % in October, November Sudr City while it recorded the lowest and December while the minimum R.H. value (0.4 %) in Nekhl El-Hasana road. was 55 % in May. The maximum wind Fine sand fraction recorded the highest velocity was recorded in July and Sep- value (52.8 %) in desert of Fayid while it tember (19 km/hr.) while the minimum recorded the loweest value (10.4 %) in value was in December (11 km/hr.). Saint Katherine. Silt fraction recorded the highest value (57.2 %) in Nekhl - El- Saint Katherine area Hasana road while it recorded the lowest value (2 %) in Saint Katherine and clay fraction recorded the highest value (41%) In July the maximum air temperature in Sudr El- Hytat-Nekhl road while it was 34.3oC in August while the minimum recorded the lowest value (1.6 %) in Saint temperature was -2.4 oC in December. Katherine. The maximum wind velocity was record- ed (13.2 km/hr.) in March while the min- imum value was in February (5.8 km/hr.). 2- Chemical analysis It was noticed also that the high rate of

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 237

Chemical analysis of the different soils showed remarkable variation among

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 238 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed the studied stands. Moisture content rec- recorded the highest value (131.56 ml eq orded the highest value (5.26%) in Nekhl- / L) in Hammam Faraon, while it record- El Hasana- road, while it recorded the ed the lowest value (0.66 ml eq/L) in lowest value (0.80 %) in Kattamia Ain Adabia. Sukhna road (Table 2). The amount of total soluble salts (T.S.S.) recorded the B- Macromorphology highest value (4.1%) in Kattamia - Ain Sukhna road while it recorded the lowest The differences between samples of value (0.1%) in Sudr El Hytat -Nekhl Anabasis articulata are shown in Table Road. pH value was the highest value (3). (9.81) in Sudr El- Hytat- Nekhl Road while it was the lowest value (6.5) a- Plant Height: There are remarkable Kattamia - Ain Sukhna Road. Organic and distinct variations in the height carbon recorded the highest value (0.576 of Anabasis articulata growing in %) in Nekhl- El Hasana Road while it different stands. The mean values recorded the lowest value (0.012 %) in ranged from 35 cm in Sudr El Hytat- Belbase & Fayid desert. Carbonate con- Nekhl Road to 110 cm in Adabia tent recorded the highest value (59.4%) (Suez - Ain Sukhna Road). near Ras Sudr, Hammam Faraon and Nekhl El-Hasana Road while it recorded b- Height/diameter ratio: The ratio the lowest value (12%) in Saint Kathe- ranged from 0.45 to 1.71. It was very rine. The chloride content recorded the high in the plant growing in El Ha- highest value (1.598 ml eq /L) in Ham- sana - El Quseima Road (1.71), mam Faraon while it recorded the lowest while it was low (0.45) in the spec- value (0.27 ml eq / L) in Hasana - El imen of Sudr El Hytat- Nekhl Road. Quseima Road. Sulphate content recorded the highest value (129.5 ml eq /L) in c- The size index of the plant is small Fayid desert while it recorded the lowest (47.5 cm.) in El Hasana - El Quseima value (5.99 ml eq /L) in Sudr El -Hytat Road and large (140) in Adabia (Su- Nekhl Road. The potassium content rec- ez - Ain Sukhna Road). orded the highest value (29 ml eq /L) in Kattamia Ain- Sukhna Road (50 Km. d- The stems are erect. They are green in From Cairo ) while it recorded the lowest six habitats except in the Fayid de- value (1 ml eq /L) in Saint Katherine and sert, Saint Katherine site and El Ha- El -Hasana El-Quseima Road. Sodium sana-El Quseima Road, where they content recorded the highest value (240 are yellowish green. The internode ml eq /L) in Kattamia –Ain Sukhna Road width ranged from 2-3.5 mm, in the (50 km from Cairo) while it recorded the most stands, while reach to 4mm in lowest value (10 ml eq /L) in El –Hasana Fayid desert and 4.5mm in Nekhl- El -Quseima Road. Calcium content rec- El- Hasana road. The internode orded the highest value (181.5 ml eq /L) length ranged between 8-11 mm, in in Hammam Faraon, while it recorded the Adabia, Saint Katherine, Fayid lowest value (3.08 ml eq/L) in Sudr El- desert, Belbase and El-Hasana Hytat Nekhl Road. Magnesium content

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 239

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 240 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed

El-Quseima road and 6-9 mm in the thick (2-2.5 mµ) in the remainder stands. other sites. Cortical parenchyma length ranged from 138.54 mµ in Sudr El Hytat- Nekhl Road C- Micromorphology to 231.46 mµ in Ras Sudr site. Cortical a- Stem anatomy parenchyma consists of 10-12 layers in Belbase desert, Saint Katherine site and The outline in cross section is terete. El Hasana-El Quseima Road. Vascular Epidermis consists of three-four layers of bundles were six in Fayid desert, Ras tangentially with inconspicuous cells. The Suder region, Hammam Faraon and Saint cuticle layer is thick and smooths (1.5-2 Katherine sites; eight bundles in Adabia mµ). Hypodermis is formed of 1-2 layers (Suez - Ain Sukhna Road) but four bun- of thinner-walled cells, which similarly to dles in the remainders. Meta-xylem ves- the epidermis contain crystals. Cortex is sel was narrow (1.5-2 mµ) in Belbase wide (163.93 mµ), consists of one layer desert, Saint Katherine site and El Hasana of palisade cells with chloroplasts, form- - El Quseima Road and wide (5-6 mµ) in ing continuous ring, followed by a layer Hammam Faraon site. Cortical paren- of sub palisade which is more or less cu- chyma/ Vascular bundle length ratio: the bical cells and also contain chlorophyll higher value was 12.44, recorded in followed by the water-storing parenchy- Hammam Faraon site. The lower value ma, which is composed of 6-10 layers was 6.9, recorded in Sudr El Hytat- Nekhl containing large druses. Vascular cylinder Road. Pith area: narrow (0.95 mµ2) in is composed of 4 bundles; the conducting Fayid desert and wide (4.73 mµ2) in Ras tissue is well defined. Pith is narrow, ho- Sudr stand. mogeneous with thin-walled parenchyma- tous cells. Druses are very few in the D. Chemical constituents phloem and pith (Fig. 1, 1). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening b- Comparative anatomy A. articulata contains sterols, alka- loids and saponins. Negative results were Table (4) presents the differences in obtained for tannins and flavonoides. The stem anatomy of A. articulata collected results are presented in Table (5). from the nine stands. Cross section area 2 was large (47.12 mm ) in Ras Sudr site Investigation of plant constituents 2 and small (18.23 mm ) in Kattamia - Ain Sukhna Road. Epidermal cells were The principal common types of chem- mixed (tangential + radial) in Adabia, ical constituents were investigated in A. Hammam Faraon site and Nekhl - El Ha- articulata plant in order to compare be- sana Road, while they were tangentially tween their amounts in the ten studied in the other stands. Cuticle layer was thin stands. These chemical constituents com- (0.9-1.2 mµ) in Belbase desert and Ham- prised the elementary compositions (Na+, mam Faraon site and thick (1.5-2) in K+, Ca++ and Mg++), total ash contents, Fayid desert, Ras Sudr region, Kattamia- total carbohydrates, total soluble proteins, Ain Sukhna Road, Adabia (Suez- Ain total lipid content and proline content. Sukhna Road) and Saint Katherine, very The results are presented in Table (5).

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 241

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 242 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 243

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 244 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed

DISCUSSION tween ecotypes have often been attributed to differences in climatic factors (Bjork- man & Holmgren, 1963 and Cheng & In Egypt Anabasis articulata, has Chou, 1997), to differences in edaphic wide ecological amplitudes. It is widely factors (Gregor, 1938), or to biotic fac- distributed in the Egyptian deserts espe- tors (Gregor and Watson 1954). It is cially in the Wadis and mountains, it has worth mentioning that the anatomical many growth forms. features of stems of the recognized eco- The experimental discontinuities in types exhibited considerable differences, morphological, anatomical characters and which appear also to be, distinctive. chemical constituents demonstrate that These differences are also the product of the ten stands of A. articulata under study adaptive mechanisms to the environment contain four ecotypes (Fig. 2) as follows: (Emad El-Deen, 1990; Batanouny et al (i) the xerophytic ecotype growing in 1991 and Khafagi et al 1996). Therefore Belbase desert and Sudr El Hytat-Nekhl the ecotypes are the product of genetic Road. Its cortical parenchyma length responses of populations to their habitats. /vascular bundle length ratio is small and Though the different ecotypes of a spe- druses are few. (ii) The xero - halophytiç cies are morphologically distinct, yet they ecotype of common occurrence in Eastern are concentrated in one taxonomic spe- Desert and Sinai, as Kattamia-Ain Su- cies, subspecies and genera. Nevo et al khna Road, Fayid desert, Adabia and (1998) results confirm our results. Saint Katherine stands. It is characterized Magnesium and proline are highly af- by the epidermis consisted of four layers. fected by the distribution of Anabasis (iii) The halophytic ecotype of wide eco- articulata in different habitats followed logical amplitude growing in the Red Sea by total ash, sodium and calcium, potas- Costal region as well as Ras Sudr and sium, total soluble protein and total solu- Hammam Faraon sites. In these stands: ble carbohydrate. Total lipid showed non- the plant height / diameter ratio is large; significant results. Also the ecotypifica- the epidermis consisted of three layers, tion of Anabasis articulata not affect on the area of cross section is large, cortical total lipid. parenchyma is wide and the cortical pa- The proline accumulation and degra- renchyma/ vascular bundle length ratio is dation reacted sensitively to changing large. (iv) The halo-xerophytic ecotype climatic conditions (Treichel et al 1984). occurs in Nekhl-El Hasana and El Ha- El-Ghoneimy et al (1977) emphasized sana-El Quseima Roads. It characterized that Anabasis articulata growing natural- by large height / diameter ratio and its ly in calcareous soils absorbed more Ca+2 epidermis consists of three layers. and Mg+2 ions keeping the Na+ and Cl- Upon such different morphological levels in the tissues in a range commonly characteristics it could be easy to differ- found in non-halophytic species. The entiate between the four ecotypes of resistance to drought of the plant could be Anabasis articulata. The color of the assigned to carbohydrate, protein or stem (yellowish green or green), plant alkaloids accumulation (Shalaby et al height vary between the ecotypes. The 1981 and El-Monayeri et al 1981). observed morphological differences be-

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 Variations of Anabasis articulata ecotypes 245

Belbase

Sudr El Hytat - Nekhl

Kattamia - Ain Sukhna

Fayid

Adabia

Saint Katherine

Ras Sudr

Hammam Faraon

Nekhl - El Hasana

El Hasana - El Quseima

3 2 1 0

Distance

Figure 2. Dendrogram illustrating the relationships between the studied specimens of Anabasis articulata at different stands

From the results of Table (2), soil in the field of plant ecology and plant texture, organic carbon, soil moisture sociology (Abd El-Ghani, 1998 and content (as shown in stands Kattamia - Marie 1996 & 2000). While soil salinity Ain Sukhna Road, Adabia, Belbase de- and calcium carbonate are the main fac- sert, Fayid desert, Ras Sudr, Hammam tors associated with lower species diversi- Faraon, Saint Katherine, Sudr El -Hytat- ty (Abd El-Ghani, 1998). Shalaby Nekhl, Nekhl El- Hasana and El- Hasana (1961) confirmed that the climatic condi- El- Quseima) these factors clearly indi- tions and the soil factors play a prominent cate remarkable differences in growth role in the constitution and distribution of forms, in ecotypic formations and distri- Anabasis communities. bution of various species in the desert From the results, it is evident that eco- regions as indicated by numerous workers logical conditions play an important role Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 246 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed in the ecotypification of the Anabasis exposed and shaded habitats. Physiol. articulata. The four ecotypes differed, Plant, 16: 889-914. (morphologically, anatomically and Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt. Vol. 1 chemically) from each other depending pp. 125-126, (Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae). on the climate-soil interrelations of the Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo, Egypt. habitat. It can be concluded therefore that Brower, J.E. and J.H. Zar (1984). Field ecotypes can be recognized on the bases and Laboratory Methods for General of morphological, anatomical, chemical Ecology. 226 pp, Wm. C. Brown Pub- constituents and genetically as well as on lishers, Dubuque, Iowa, USA. ecological evidences. Cheng, K.-T. and C.-H. Chou (1997). As no morphological differences of Ecotypic variation of Imperata cylindri- taxonomical value were found and very cal populations in Taiwan: 1. Morpholog- few differential physiological characteris- ical and molecular evidences. Bot. Bull. tics were encountered, the ten stands Acad. Sinica, 38: 215-223. seem to be at the early stage of ecotypic Dubois, M.; K.A. Gilles; J.K. Hamil- differentiation. ton; P.A. Rebers and F. Smith (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analyt. REFERENCES Chem., 28: 350-356. El-Ghoneimy, A.A.; A.M. El-Gazzar; Abd El-Ghani, M.M. (1998). Environ- A. Wallace and E.M. Romney (1977).. mental correlates of species distribution Mineral element composition of the natu- in arid desert ecosystems of Eastern ral vegetation along a transect at mareo- Egypt. Journal of Arid Environments, tis. Egypt. Soil Sci., 124: 16-26. 38: 297-313. El-Monayeri, M.O.; M.M. Youssef and Ahmed, M.F. and R.I. Marzouk (1997). A.A. El-Ghamry (1981). Contributions A Numerical Taxonomic Study on the to the Autecology of two Zygophyllum Genus Anabasis L. (Chenopodiaceae) in species growing in the Egyptian Desert. Egypt. Desert Inst. Bull. Egypt, 47(1): Egypt. J. Bot., 24: 49-68. 187-240. Emad El-Deen, H.M. (1990). Some As- Association of Official Agricultural pects of Drought Resistance Mecha- Chemists (1985). Official Methods of nisms of Deserts Plants. pp. 165-166, Analysis. 14th Ed. The A.O.A.C. Wash- M.Sc. Thesis Bot. Dept., Fac. Sci., Cairo ington, D.C. USA. Univ., Cairo, Egypt. Batanouny, K.H.; A.H. Hassan and Fahn, A. (1963). The fleshy cortex of N.A. Sawaf (1991). Ecotypes of Phrag- articulated Chenopodiaceae. Maheshwari mites australis in Egypt. Proc. Intern. Comm. Vol. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 42(A): Conf. Plant Growth, Drought and Salin- 39-45. ity in the Arab Region Cairo Univ. Fahn, A. (1964). Some anatomical adap- Egypt: 97-114. tations of desert plants. Phytomorpholo- Bjorkman, O. and P. Holmgren (1963). gy, 14: 93-102. Adaptability of the photosynthetic appa- Gregor, J.W. (1938). Experimental tax- ratus to light intensity in ecotypes from onomy. II. Initial population differentia-

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Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005 248 Khafagi; Marei and Mohamed

جملة احتاد اجلامعات العربية للدراسات والبحوث الزراعية، جامعة عني مشس، القاهرة ، 13)2(، 248-233، 2005 اإلختالفات المورفولوجية و التشريحية للطرز البيئية لنبات العجرم فى مصـر [14] 1 2 1 عزة أحمد فهمى خفاجى - عبده حامد مرعى - سحر قناوى محمد 1- قسم النبات- كلية العلوم- جامعة األزهر)فرع البنات(- مدينة نصر- القاهرة- مصر 2- قسم النبات - كلية العلوم- جامعة األزهر - مدينة نصر - القاهرة – مصــــر

بنيت الدراسة الحاضرة على عشر مواقع الصععحراا الشععرقية وسععيناا مقععى ريععق للعشيرة التى يسودها نبات العجرم )أناباسعي ال اميعة - الععين السعخنة وصعحراا ايعد أرتيكيوألتعععععععا – الفصعععععععيلة الرمراميعععععععة و ومن ة سانت كاترين عرضععت العألقععة بععين عينععات نبععات العجععرم 3 البةةرم البيةةةي الم حةة دى المةةد البيةةةي المدروسععة علععى شععكى شععجير معتمععدة علععى الواسعع والععن ينمععو ععى من ععة سععاحى صعععععععفات الشعععععععكى ال عععععععاهر والتركيععععععع البحععر األحمععر مقععى منععا ق رأ سععدر التشريحى و المحتو الكيميائى وحمام رعون تضمنت العشر عينات لنبات العجرم تحت 4 البةةةةةةرم البيةةةةةةةي الم حةةةةةة – الج ةةةةةةا الدراسةةةةى ع ةةةة أربعةةةةى بةةةةرم بيةيةةةةى مميةةةةم ويتضمن نمعان النبعات عى عرق نخعى- كالتالي الحسنة و الحسنة – ال سيمة 1 البةةرم البيةةةي الج ةةا وينمععو ععى من ععة أختلفت كى ال رز البيئية بشكى واضح بلبي و ريق سدر الحي ات – نخى كى منهم عن اآلخر مور ولوجيا وتشريحيا 2 البةةرم البيةةةي الج ةةا - الم حةة الشةةاة وكيميائيا إعتماد على عالقات التربة والمناخ األنتشعععععار عععععى منعععععا ق مختلفعععععة معععععن المتبادلة

تحكيم: ا د محمد عبد الرسوى محمد ا د محمود عبد ال و زهران

Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005