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2015What Leading Thinkers Say About Development. Kapuściński Development Lectures

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2015What Leading Thinkers Say About Development. Kapuściński Development Lectures 20 What leading thinkers say about development. Kapuściński Development Lectures 1 2015 5 The series “The Kapuscinski Development Lectures”, named after Ryszard Kapuściński, a Polish writer and renowned reporter who covered in his articles and books developing countries, is organized jointly by the European Commission, the United Nations Development Programme and partner universities and development think-tanks. Since 2009 there have been over 70 lectures which have gathered more than 25,000 participants. In the period from October 2014 to December 2015 the Lectures were organised in all the EU Member States to contribute to the European Year for Development 2015. The Lecture series offers students from the European Union Member States an unprecedented opportunity to learn and discuss about development issues such as climate change, human rights, aid effectiveness, Europe-Africa relations, and the Millennium Development Goals among others. They aim to contribute to the debate and formulation of the European development policy. The project is a joint initiative of the European Commission, the United Nations Development Programme and the Host Institutions. The project is funded by the European Commission. Video recordings of the lectures are available on the website: http://www.kapuscinskilectures.eu KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 2 “One of Kapuściński’s greatest gifts was his talent for capturing the lives of ordinary people. His endless capacity for escaping press minders and straying off the beaten track brought him into contact with people living in the back streets, refugee camps and war-zones. And that contact produced some compelling accounts of life on the margins in post-colonial Africa” Kevin Watkins, Overseas Development Institute at the Kapuscinski Development Lecture in Stockholm, 5.03.2013. Ryszard Kapuściński (1932-2007) was a Polish journalist and writer who covered devel- oping countries. Kapuściński, whose books were translated into many languages, was often named the “Third World Chronicler” or the “Voice of the Poor” for his famous reportages and books describing developing countries on all continents. Kapuściński was born in 1932 in Pinsk (Polesie, modern-day in Belarus), where he ex- perienced his first “clash of civilizations” with the Soviet occupation of Poland. After the II World War, he studied history at the University of Warsaw. As a junior reporter, he covered stories on Poland, and after the fall of the Stalinist regime in October 1956 and the subsequent ‘thaw’ that followed, he started covering revolutions and national liberation struggles in the Third World as a correspondent for the Polish Press Agency and two journals – Polityka and Kultura. He spent 50 years (1956-2006) travelling the world as a reporter and visited more than 100 countries. In Poland, his work “The Emperor”, a book of literary reportage from Ethiopia, and “Shah of Shahs”, an account of the Islamic revolution in Iran, were interpreted as a great metaphor on the collapse of autocratic regimes and the changes that usually follow. Kapuściński’s knowledge of the developing world gave him an excellent grasp of the essence of the Solidarity revolt in Poland. He became one of the world’s most prominent Polish writers and commentators on great transformations. His books have been translated into 36 languages. Ryszard Kapuściński’s books in chronological order: Bush in Polish [Busz po polsku], 1962 Black Stars [Czarne gwiazdy], 1963 The Kyrgyz Dismounts, [Kirgiz schodzi z konia], 1968 If All Africa…, [Gdyby cała Afryka], 1969 Why Karl Von Spreti Died [Dlaczego zginął Karl von Spreti], 1970 Christ with a Rifle on His Shoulder, [Chrystus z karabinem na ramieniu], 1975 Another Day of Life [Jeszcze dzień życia], 1976 The Soccer War [Wojna futbolowa], 1978 The Emperor [Cesarz], 1978 KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 3 Shah of Shahs [Szachinszach], 1982 The Notebook [Notes], 1986 (poems) Lapidarium, 1990 Imperium [Imperium], 1993 Lapidarium II, 1995 Lapidarium III, 1997 The Shadow of the Sun. My African Life [Heban], 1998 Lapidarium IV, 2000 From Africa [Z Afryki], 2000 (photographic album) Lapidarium V, 2001 Self-Portrait of a Reporter [Autoportret reportera], 2003 Travels with Herodotus [Podróże z Herodotem] 2004 Laws of Nature] Prawa natury, 2006 (poems) The Other [Ten Inny], 2006 KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 4 The The Commission’s Directorate-Gen- The United Nations Development eral for International Cooperation and Programme (UNDP) works in nearly Development (DG DEVCO) is responsible 170 countries and territories, helping for designing European international co- to achieve the eradication of poverty, operation and development policy and and the reduction of inequalities and delivering aid throughout the world. exclusion. We help countries to devel- op policies, leadership skills, partnering DG DEVCO is responsible for formulating abilities, institutional capabilities and European Union development policy and build resilience in order to sustain devel- thematic policies in order to reduce pov- opment results. erty in the world, to ensure sustainable economic, social and environmental de- http://www.undp.org velopment and to promote democracy, the rule of law, good governance and the respect of human rights, notably through external aid. We foster coor- dination between the European Union and its Member States in the area of de- velopment cooperation and ensure the external representation of the European Union in this field. http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 5 CONTENTS CONTENTS 01 Nayef Al-Rodhan ETHICS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 8 02 Carl Bildt FROM CRISIS TO STABILITY 20 03 Ha-Joon Chang BRINGING PRODUCTION BACK TO DEVELOPMENT 32 04 Peter Eigen THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 44 05 Paul Farmer FAILURE TO COLLIDE: EBOLA AND MODERN MEDICINE 55 06 Leymah Gbowee FROM WAR TO DEVELOPMENT – WOMEN LEADING THE NATION 65 07 Julia Gillard EDUCATION – A KEY DRIVER FOR DEVELOPMENT 75 08 Mark Graham UNEVEN GEOGRAPHIES OF POWER AND PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNET ERA 86 09 Duncan Green CITIZEN MOBILIZATION AND EMPOWERMENT 109 10 Jonathan Jansen HUMAN RELATIONS AT THE HEART OF DEVELOPMENT 120 11 Ilan Kapoor IDEOLOGY OF CELEBRITY HUMANITARIANISM 130 12 Homi Kharas TRANSITION TO “A DEVELOPING WORLD” 143 13 Mari Kuraishi BEYOND CROWDFUNDING: THE POWER OF THE CROWD IN DEVELOPMENT 151 14 Jens Martens BENCHMARKS FOR A TRULY UNIVERSAL POST 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 162 15 Mohan Munasinghe INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 177 16 Deepa Narayan DEVELOPMENT BLIND SPOTS: RETHINKING GENDER INEQUALITY 188 17 Kanayo F. Nwanze FINANCING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 199 18 Thomas Piketty INEQUALITY – CAPITAL AND CARBON IN THE 21ST CENTURY 208 KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 6 CONTENTS 19 Thomas Pogge DEVELOPMENT GOALS – BRILLIANT PROPAGANDA? 223 20 Lant Pritchett THE DANGEROUS SEDUCTION OF KINKY DEVELOPMENT – WHY ‘$1/DAY’ DOESN’T SOLVE POVERTY 235 21 Sima Samar WOMEN RIGHTS IN AFGHANISTAN 250 22 Iqbal Quadir PIVOTAL DIGITAL 260 23 Dani Rodrik STRUCTURAL REFORMS: LESSONS FROM OTHER LANDS 271 24 Simon Ruda CAN BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE IMPROVE PUBLIC POLICY? 290 25 Henry Shue CLIMATE JUSTICE: THE ILLUSION OF SEPARATION 302 26 Rajendra Singh LIFE WITHOUT WATER: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE GLASS IS EMPTY? 314 27 Erik Solheim DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN A NEW WORLD 323 28 Paul Spiegel WHY REFUGEES NEED JOBS, BANK ACCOUNTS AND INSURANCE 333 29 Irena Vojáčková-Sollorano IMPACT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS ON THE WESTERN BALKANS AND THE EU 343 30 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Jeffrey D. Sachs, Irina Bokova, Jan Eliasson SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: GETTING STARTED 350 KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 7 NAYEF AL-RODHAN, MD, PhD, is a phi- losopher, neuroscientist, geostrategist and author. He is an Honorary Fellow at St.Antony’s College, the University of Oxford , UK, and Senior Fellow and Director of the Geopolitics and Global Futures Programme at the Geneva Cen- tre for Security Policy in Switzerland. He was educated at the Mayo Clinic, Yale University, and Harvard University. He is a Prize-winning scholar who has writ- ten 21 books and numerous articles on Emerging Strategic Technologies, Polit- ical Philosophy, Neuro-philosophy, Out- er Space Security, Sustainable security, Sustainable Governance, Trans-cultural Security and Geopolitics. He has also pioneered the study of the intersec- tion of Neuroscience and International Relations. He is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Meta-Council on emerging technologies and the Nano- technology Global Agenda Council. His ideas, articles and books can be found at www.sustainable-history.com. NAYEF AL-RODHANNAYEF KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 ETHICS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES EMERGING OF ETHICS ETHICS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES KAPUŚCIŃSKI DEVELOPMENT LECTURES 2015 9 ETHICS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES EMERGING OF ETHICS Photo: UnknownPhoto: / http://blogdejesustic.blogspot.com/. A recent dispatch from India in the New York Times said the following: “The govern- ment is digging deeper in a coal rush that could push the world into irreversible climate change, scientists say. India’s coal mining plans may represent the biggest obstacle to a global climate pact to be negotiated at a conference in Paris next year. While the United States and China announced a landmark agreement that includes new targets for carbon emissions and Europe has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by forty percent, India – the world’s third largest emitter – has shown no appetite for such a pledge. ‘India’s development imperatives cannot be sacrificed at the altar of potential climate changes many years in the future’ India’s Power Minister Piyush Goyal said at a recent conference in New Delhi. ‘The West will have to recognize we have the needs of the poor’.” If India’s poor have rights that can be satisfied only through economic development, only by for example electricity for the hundreds of millions of Indians, the massive burning of the world’s dirtiest coal, which India is the cheapest source of, the ener- gy that India has the infrastructure to exploit, will make the air in major Indian cities far more polluted even than the notoriously polluted air of Beijing.
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