DOCSLIB.ORG

Fort Hill: a Representative of the Structural and Social Hierarchy and Harmony of Greek Revival Architecture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fort Hill: a Representative of the Structural and Social Hierarchy and Harmony of Greek Revival Architecture W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1996 Fort Hill: A Representative of the Structural and Social Hierarchy and Harmony of Greek Revival Architecture Beth Ann Spiryson McPherson College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Architecture Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, Beth Ann Spiryson, "Fort Hill: A Representative of the Structural and Social Hierarchy and Harmony of Greek Revival Architecture" (1996). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626022. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-2vm5-9q28 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FORT HILL: A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL HTEARARCHY AND HARMONY OF GREEK REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Beth Ann McPherson 1996 ProQuest Number: 10629512 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10629512 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M aster of Arts Approved, July 1996 James Korn wolf Department of Art History Carl Lounsbury / Architectural Research, Colonial Williamsburg irgaretta Lovell Advisor, University of California, Berkeley TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES v ABSTRACT x INTRODUCTION 2 CAHPTER I: THE EVOLUTION OF FORT HILL 7 CHAPTER II: FORT HILL: THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY 19 STRUCTURE CHAPTER III: STYLE: FORT HILL AND NINETEENTH- 50 CENTURY GREEK REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER IV: THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH- 61 CENTURY FAMILIES OF FORT HILL CHAPTER V: FORT HILL: THE PLACE OF AN AGRICULTURAL 88 CENTER IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTEITH- CENTURY HISTORIC AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF WEST VIRGINIA CHAPTER VI: THE IMPACT OF THE GREEK REVIVAL ON FORT 118 HILL'S ARCHITECTURE AND FAMILY SRUCTURES CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS 152 FIGURES 155 APPENDIX I: Fort Hill Floorplans 200 APPENDIX II: West Virginia State Nominations 204 APPENDIX III: National Register Nomination 207 BIBLIOGRAPHY 254 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the support and complete cooperation offered by the Bonars, Paiges, and Hannahs of Fort Hill, Burlington, West Virginia. Their generosity and openness with family collections, personal time for interviews, and their granddaughter, Maggie Page, for inspiration and a hand to hold the measuring tape, made the background research at Fort Hill possible. May the family and their descendants enjoy their home and farm for many years to come. The comments and guidance provided by Margaretta Lovell were invaluable in helping to create my "toolbox'’ and bring my thoughts together. Many thanks also to my colleagues, friends, and family for supporting this author through the research, thinking, writing, and editing years. Finally, a very special thanks to my husband, Tom, who completed this voyage by my side. LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Survey of Patterson Creek. Hardy County 155 Deed Book I, p. 136, Hardy County Courthouse, Moorefield, WVA 2. Survey of John Bane land. Deedbook 30, 156 p.378. Mineral County Courthouse, Keyser, WVA. 3. Division of Sloan lands. Deedbook 361, 157 p.375. Romney Courthouse 4. Aerial photo of Fort Hill Farm, 1980's. 158 Hannah/Bonar photo collection 5. North facade Fort Hill Farm. Hannah/ 159 Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 6. North facade Fort Hill Farm, close up. 160 Hannah/Bonar photo collection. Burlington, WVA. 7. North porch Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/Bonar 161 photo collection. Burlington, WVA. 8. North and northwest facades, Fort Hill Farm 162 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 9. Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/Bonar photo 163 collection, Burlington, WVA V 10. North facade Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/ 164 Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 11. North facade Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/ 165 Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA ,12. North facade, Fort Hill Farm, 1991 166 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 13. Northeast facade, Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 167 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 14. Northwest facade, Fort Hill Farm, 1991 168 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 15. Northwest facade Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 169 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 16. Northwest facade Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 170 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 17. South facade, Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 171 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 18. Cistern, Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/Bonar 172 photo collection, Burlington, WVA 19. North facade, Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 173 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 20. Main staricase, Fort Hill Farm, 1991, 174 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 21. Northwest parlor, Fort Hill Farm, 175 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT vi 22. French doors, Fort Hill Farm, McPherson 176 photo collection, Meriden, CT 23. Fort Hill Farm, Hannah/Bonar paper 177 collection, Burlington, WVA 24. Cold storage, dairy, icehouse Fort Hill 178 Farm, Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 25. Smokehouse/meathouse, Fort Hill Farm, 179 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 26. Main bam plans, Fort Hill Farm, 180 Hannah/Bonar paper collection, Burlington, WVA 27. Main bam plans, Fort Hill Farm, 181 Hannah/Bonar paper collection, Burlington, WVA 28. Main bam plans, Fort Hill Farm, 182 Hannah/Bonar paper collection, Burlington, WVA 29. Main bam, Fort Hill Farm, McPherson 183 photo collection, Meriden, CT 30. Main bam, Fort Hill Farm, McPherson 184 photo collection, Meriden, CT 31. Outbuildings, F ort Hill F arm, 185 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT vii 32. Sloan-Parker House, Junction, WVA 186 Stan Cohen's "Historic Sites of West Virginia, A Pictorial Guide." Charleston, WVA, 1979. 33. Fort Hill Family Tree, 187 McPherson paper collection, < Meriden, CT 34. Sloan Cemetary, Fort Hill Farm, 188 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 35. Sloan, Cemetary, Fort Hill Farm, 189 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 36. Sloan Cemetary, Fort Hill Farm, 190 McPherson photo collection, Meriden, CT 37. Sloan Cemetary, Fort Hill Farm, 191 McPherson paper collection, Meriden, CT 3 8. Angus Association at Fort Hill Farm, 192 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 39. Family of Fort Hill Farm, 193 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 40. Sheep, Fort Hill Farm, 194 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA viii 41. Angus Cattle Show, Fort Hill Farm 195 Hannah/Bonar photo collection, Burlington, WVA 42. Fairview, McPherson photo collection 196 Burlington, WVA 43. Huffman House, McPherson photo 197 collection, Burlington, WVA 44. Wilson House, McPherson photo 198 collection, Burlington, WVA 45. Fort Pleasant, Moorefield, WVA 199 "Historic Sites of West Virginia: A Pictorial Guide" ix ABSTRACT When reading the landscape of Burlington, West Virginia, Fort Hill Farm stands out as an archetypal example of regional Southern Greek Revival architecture and the social symbol system and traditions it represented. During the nineteenth century, a unique "American" voice was sought in the arts. Architecture, a constant visual reinforcement of physical patterns, began to be seen as a readily accessible vehicle by which to improve the moral landscape of the nation. Designers of the mid-nineteenth century, such as Gervase Wheeler, A. J. Downing, and L. F. Allen began to incorporate elements from the Gothic period into their designs, attempting to capitalize on the religious ideology and morality of the new "American" consumer. These ideas were publicly popularized in the form of design books available in urban and rural areas. The Sloans of Fort Hill and many of their social contemporaries had a set of priorities that could not be met by the new fashionable Gothic designs with their allusions to ecclesiastical architecture and moralistic behavior. Instead, they elected to retain the classical language of the Greek-Revival. Fort Hill, built in 1853, is an example of a rural, southern interpretation of the democratic order of architecture. It symbolizes the continuing need of agrarians to mark the landscape, reenforcing their position as masters of the natural world. Choosing an architectural style that linked the builders of Fort Hill to the past helped to make the future tangible in the face of uncontrolable natural elements. The Greek Revival represented a calm, ordered, known past to the Fort Hill Sloans a time of social change. It neatly expressed in its balanced architectural orders the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “A People Who Have Not the Pride to Record Their History Will Not Long
    STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE i “A people who have not the pride to record their History will not long have virtues to make History worth recording; and Introduction no people who At the rear of Old Main at Bethany College, the sun shines through are indifferent an arcade. This passageway is filled with students today, just as it was more than a hundred years ago, as shown in a c.1885 photograph. to their past During my several visits to this college, I have lingered here enjoying the light and the student activity. It reminds me that we are part of the past need hope to as well as today. People can connect to historic resources through their make their character and setting as well as the stories they tell and the memories they make. future great.” The National Register of Historic Places recognizes historic re- sources such as Old Main. In 2000, the State Historic Preservation Office Virgil A. Lewis, first published Historic West Virginia which provided brief descriptions noted historian of our state’s National Register listings. This second edition adds approx- Mason County, imately 265 new listings, including the Huntington home of Civil Rights West Virginia activist Memphis Tennessee Garrison, the New River Gorge Bridge, Camp Caesar in Webster County, Fort Mill Ridge in Hampshire County, the Ananias Pitsenbarger Farm in Pendleton County and the Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex in Fayette County. Each reveals the richness of our past and celebrates the stories and accomplishments of our citizens. I hope you enjoy and learn from Historic West Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronicles of Border Warfare.” the Modern Title Page and Verso Have Been Relocated to the End of the Text
    Project Gutenberg's Chronicles of Border Warfare, by Alexander Scott Withers This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Chronicles of Border Warfare or, a History of the Settlement by the Whites, of North-Western Virginia, and of the Indian Wars and Massacres in that section of the Indian Wars and Massacres in that section of the State Author: Alexander Scott Withers Editor: Reuben Gold Thwaites Release Date: June 26, 2009 [EBook #29244] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF BORDER WARFARE *** Produced by Roger Frank, Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber’s Note This is a 1971 reprint edition of the 1895 edition of “Chronicles of Border Warfare.” The modern title page and verso have been relocated to the end of the text. The 1895 edition includes and expands on the original 1831 edition. Throughout this text, the pagination of the original edition is indicated by brackets, such as [54]. Capitalization standards for the time (i.e. “fort Morgan,” “mrs. Pindall,” “Ohio river”) have been preserved. Variable hyphenation has been preserved. Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved. Author’s punctuation style has been preserved. Typographical problems have been corrected as listed in the Transcriber’s Note at the end of the text.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dyer Settlement the Fort Seybert Massacre
    THE DYER SETTLEMENT THE FORT SEYBERT MASSACRE FORT SEYBERT, WEST VIRGINIA by MARY LEE KEISTER TALBOT A.B., Hollins College M.A., University of Wisconsin Authorized by The Financial Committee of THE ROGER DYER FAMILY ASSOCIATION IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT to the SUBSCRIBERS and GRANT G. DYER of Lafayette, Indiana HON. WALTER DYER KEISTER of Huntington, West Virginia DR. WILLIS S. TAYLOR of Columbus, Ohio Wh06e faith and financial backing have made possible this publication Copyright 1937 By Mary Lee Keister Talbot LARSON-DINGLE PRINTING; CO., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Table of Contents Page Officers of The Roger Dyer Family Association, 1936-37. 4 Foreword . .. 5 Roger Dyer Family Reunion-1935. 7 Roger Dyer Family Reunion-1936. 9 The Dyer Settlement. 11 The Will of Roger Dyer. 23 The Appraisal of Roger Dyer's Estate. 24 The Sail Bill of Roger Dyer's Estate. 26 Brief Genealogical Notes ....................... ,....................... 29 New Interpretations of Fort Seybert. ................................... 38 James Dyer's Captivity-by Charles Cresap Ward ......................... 59 The Grave at Fort Seybert ............................................ 61 The Fort Seybert Memorial Monument. 62 List of Subscribers. 64 lLL USTRATIONS Relief Map of West Virginia ............................... Facing page 7 The Gap in the South Fork River ....................................... 13 Roger Dyer's Warrant to Land-1733 ................................... 16 Where Time Sleeps ................................................... 21 New Drawing of Fort Seybert ......................................... 42 The South Fork Valley at Fort Seybert ....................... Facing page 48 Indian Spoon Carved of Buffalo Horn ................................... 51 The Grave at Fort Seybert. 63 Roger Dyer Family Association Officers for 1936-37 E. Foster Dyer .. ·............................................... Preside: Franklin, West Virginia Allen M. Dyer .............................................. Vice-Preside, Philippi, West Virginia Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Plan Update August 2011—DRAFT 6 Amended August 2, 2011
    Hardy County Comprehensive Plan Update August 2011—DRAFT 6 Amended August 2, 2011 Hardy County Comprehensive Plan Update Sirk / Ford Initiative, LLC Hardy County Planning Office Hardy County Comprehensive Plan Update August 2011—DRAFT 6 Amended August 2,2011 APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS Plan – Plan and comprehensive plan are used interchangeably in this document. PSD – Public Service District RDA – Rural Development Authority Thicket – A thicket is a tight group of tall shrubs, often dominated by only one or a few species, to the exclusion of all others. They may be formed by species that shed large amounts of highly viable seeds that are able to germinate in the shelter of the maternal plants. In some conditions the formation or spread of thickets may be assisted by human disturbance of an area. Where a thicket is formed of any of a number of unrelated thorny plants, it may be called a briar patch Timber Stand –For the purpose of this plan, a timber stand is a very dense stand of trees; often dominated by only one or a few species, to the exclusion of others. This is not to be confused with a thicket or a platform used by hunters. Sirk / Ford Initiative, LLC Hardy County Planning Office Hardy County Comprehensive Plan Update August 2011—DRAFT 6 Amended August 2,2011 TABLE OF CONENTS Appendix A: Definitions CHAPTER ONE- INTRODUCTION (PAGES 1-7) Section 1.1 – Opening (pages 1-4) Section 1.2 – Demographic Analysis (pages 4-7) CHAPTER TWO – THE PLAN (PAGES 8-51) Section 2.1 – Land Use (pages 8-11) Section 2.2 – Housing (pages 11-12) Section 2.3
    [Show full text]
  • The Virginia Frontier During The
    I / Ti i 7 w ^'if'nu-, 1763, 'fflE VIRGINIA FRONTIER, 1754 - ^tm************* A Dissertation submitted to the Board of University Studies of the Johns Hopkins University in oonformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Louis IQiott Koonta, Second Lieutenant, Infantry, Education Section, General Staff, U. S. Army. Baltimore, Maryland 1920 I ; 11 OHE VIliCilNIA PRC5KTIEH, 1754 - 1763 GONOEUTS Foreword ..»•• ......••••••..... v Chapter 1 IntoDduction .•*. 1 Chapter 2 Topography, Indian Trails and the Tide of inmigration . * • . • 6 Ghs^ter 3 Governor Dinwiddle suiid the Assembly •• 15 Chapter 4 Washington's Part in the French and Indian War 39 Chapter 5 She Closing Years of the 'uor ..••• .....86 Chapter 6 The Forts on the Frontier 93 Appendix I» Descriptive List of Frontier Forts 196 Ajopendix II» Illustrative Docvirnents 145 List of Maps 178 Bibliography 179 Vita 207 ************* *** * ill FOREWORD The existing material for a study of the Virginia Frontier during the French and Indian V/ar is relatively accessible. The printed sources are of course familiar to the average student. IThese include the provincial records of the several colonies, particularly Massachusetts, Kew York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas. i'hey are to be found in every import- ant library in the country. In Virginia we have the Journals of the House of Burgesses, the Council records, the colonial laws, the Augusta County records, vestry records, newspaper files, the papers and writings of Washington, letters to Washington, and miscellaneous data in numerous county histories, the Calen- dar of Virginia State Papers, the Dinwiddle Papers, the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, and other minor historical publications.
    [Show full text]
  • West Virginia COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER of HISTORIC PLACES Hardy
    Form 10-300 STATE: (July 1969) West Virginia COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hardy INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY (Type all entries complete applicable sections) 01973 COMMON: Fort Pleasant AND/OR HISTORIC: STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: Cngressional District) West Virginia 54 031 CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC n District g] Building [~1 Public Public Acquisition: Occupied Yes: O Restricted L~3 Site (~j Structure SI Private Q In Process Unoccupied Unrestricted D Object Q Both Q Being Considered Preservation work I- in progress No u y~] Agricultural | | Government D Park Transportation l~1 Comments | | Commercial D Industrial |X] Private Residence Other (Specify) I- O Educational D Military I I Religious w* 1 I Entertainment CD Museum [ | Scientific z: OWNER'S NAME: STATE: Renick Williams LU STREET AND NUMBER: VirginiaWest UJ CITY OR TOWN: STATE: ^X^^Ot I f7/1 Old Fields West Virginia^\}3^1-J-*4S4 PI /sSV^ A ^A COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: 'Kr/ Jl / ^'r(. Hardy County Courthouse / j % $ COUNTY: ^ \~ STREET AND NUMBER: \^\ "^A"J"l Hardy CITY OR TOWN: STATE \\ "'C/? Moore fie Id West Virgif^aV^^^^^^^ TITLE OF SURVEY: Fairfax Grant Survey, made by George Washington NUMBER'ENTRY -n O DATE OF SURVEY: 1749-50 Q Federal Q State Q County gT| Local < m 73 DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY REcoRDs^iforary of Congress; Hampshire County courthouse, Z Romney, West Virginia; Virginia State Archives, Richmond, Virginia </> C STREET AND NUMBER: m ^m O M zr~ CITY OR TOWN: STATE: DATE T^;^uX^:v^^:Xii:'-±;'-y->^::-^->^'-^:;-^^i^hL. (Check One) Excellent Good | | Fair l~~l Deteriorated O Ruins f~] Unexposed CONDITION CCftecfc One; ("Cftec/c dne) Altered ; ] Unaltered O Moved v S Original Site DESCRIBE THE P R ESEN T AND ORI.GI N A L (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The *hous0 is a massive (iljDUJil^j^ hjrl^^from clay on the Fort Pleasant farm.
    [Show full text]
  • A Message from the SHPO
    West Virginia Statewide Historic Preservation Plan 2014 The Past (Still) Matters Today A Message from the SHPO An individual contacted me concerned about the possible demolition of several buildings in her community. She stated that they were connections to who we are. She is right. As we move ever onward into the twenty first century, it is clear that the past remains important to understanding who we are. We are members of a community made up of neighborhoods, schools, parks, places of worship, stores, restaurants and libraries. While we are attached our electronic devices, we are still part of an environment of buildings, structures, landscapes and other resources. Our state moves forward upon celebrating 150 years of statehood. Even so, the past still matters today. How we perceive and create our future rests upon how we were changed by events and places of the past. Historic preservation seeks to identify and protect those resources that tell us who we are. During our public meetings, participants shared that they care about West Virginia’s historic resources. They want others to know more about the historic resources in their community and advocate support. West Virginians are go-getters and I have seen the success of projects due to the leadership and passion individuals bring to the table. We are connected together to protect West Virginia’s historic resources. In this endeavor, we have identified five goals. They are: 1. Education: West Virginians will have access to information and training for historic preservation techniques, resources and skills. 2. Awareness: West Virginians will recognize and understand the value of our state’s historic resources.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Kuykendall Family by George Benson Kuykendall Call Number: CS71.K98
    History of the Kuykendall Family by George Benson Kuykendall Call Number: CS71.K98 This book contains the genealogy and history of the Kuykendall family of Dutch New York. Bibliographic Information: Kuykendall, George Benson. The Kuykendall Family. Kilham Stationery & Printing CO. Portland, Oregon. 1919. Copyright 1919 GEORGE BENSON KUYKENDALL, M. D. DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF MY FATHER JOHN KUYKENDALL Whose kindness, solicitude, watchcare and guiding hand, during the tender years of childhood and youth, whose fatherly counsels during young manhood, directed my purposes and kept me from straying. The memory of his nobility of character, his unswerving rectitude of principle and purpose, his devotion to right and splendid example, have been the guiding star of my life. As time has sped by, as the world, times and men have changed, his character and life have towered, as a great lighthouse, above the mists of the years, and illumined the voyage of my life. To him, to whom I owe the most of all I have ever been, or ever accomplished, of worth to myself or the world, I inscribe this volume, In grateful rememberance. CHAPTER CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Introductory Considerations. Object of this work--General indifference to family history--Kuykendall history covers a long time and wide area--Author's recollections of the past--Usual dryness of genealogy--Connecting up events in family history with contemporary events. CHAPTER II. Story of Search After History and Genealogy of Kuykendall Family. More than genealogical facts given--Author's knowledge of the family history--Family traditions--Sending searching party to Virginia--Difficulty in getting data-- Holland Society of New York--Findings of its genealogist.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I. Basis for Study and Statement of Goals for Study 4 A. Introduction 4 B. Basis for a Comprehensive Plan 6 C. Organization of Comprehensive Plan 7 D. Statement of Goals 8 Part II. Demographics 9 A. Introduction 9 B. Population Analysis 10 C. Housing Analysis 21 D. Economy Analysis 23 Part III. Background and Analysis 31 A. Introduction 31 B. Education 31 C. Transportation 35 D. Water Resources 44 E. Waste Water Treatment 51 F. Solid Waste Disposal 57 G. Emergency Services 59 H. Parks and Recreation 67 I. History 72 Part IV. Land Uses and Recommendations 79 A. Introduction 79 B. Agriculture Land Use 79 C. Residential Land Use 82 D. Industrial and Commercial Land Use 87 E. Protected Areas 90 Part V. Summary of Plan 91 A. Summary 91 1 HARDY COUNTY OFFICIALS 1998-1999 County Commission George Leatherman, III, President Roger Champ Michael Teets Planning Commission Charles Funkhouser, President David Heishman, Vice-President Arlie Funk Russell Ratliff Charles Kohne Grover See Lee Thompson, Health Department Representative Phyllis Cook Dave Jopling George Leatherman, County Commission Representative Dave Workman County Planner Paul R. Lewis Executive Director of Hardy County Rural Development Authority Mallie Combs 2 FORWARD The best way to manage growth is to plan for it, and this is why Hardy County has prepared this Comprehensive Plan - to help control future growth and meet the needs of current and future residents. Through proper management of growth, we can best strengthen and conserve the desirable and much valued aspects of Hardy County. Hardy County is being faced with expansive growth and changes throughout.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Potomac Highlands
    PPartart 11:: HHistoryistory ooff tthehe PPotomacotomac HHighlandsighlands BBYY BBETHETH SSEEEE IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION OOFF HHIGHLANDIGHLAND HHISTORYISTORY “The mountains are calling and I must go.” - John Muir The land that makes up the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia encompassing the Allegheny Mountains and the Monongahela National Forest is all about extensive mountain views, raging water falls, winding, scenic roads and the wonders they bring. Charming mountain towns offer art galleries, historic museums, music, good food and lodging. The mountains and waters were vital for those first settlers as they made their homes and forged out a living. Today, they provide a great escape from a busy world. Many locals and tourists reap the joy and sustenance provided by the rivers and mountains as they revel in the abundant beauty of this part of West Virginia. The Potomac Highlands - bordering Maryland and Virginia - is a unique region with a distinct personality formed by a mixture of exuberance and practicality. First settled by Native Americans, it was primarily used as hunting grounds with some areas used for agricultural purposes. Later, it was inherited by the Tuscarora who migrated northward to New York and in 1712 became the sixth nation to formally be admitted to the Iroquois Confederacy. Following the French and Indian War, King George III feared more tension between Native Americans and settlers and issued the Proclamation of 1763 which prohibited settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains. Much of the Potomac Highlands is used for hunting and farming today. There were originally five counties of the Potomac Highlands: Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Mineral, and Pendleton.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of HARDY COUNTY of the Borderland
    77^ HISTORY OF HARDY COUNTY of the Borderland By COMMANDER ALVIN EDWARD MOORE Copyright 1963 by The Moorefield Examiner and Hardy County News Moorefield, West Virginia, USA All rights reserved. First printing, 1963. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 63-11065 Sacramento Branch Genealogical Library MCCLAIN PRINTING COMPANY PARSONS, WEST VIRGINIA SAG * SOME ITEMS ABOUT THE AUTHOR: He was: Born and reared in western Louisiana; Appointed to the U. S. Naval Academy at 16 years of age; Educated at: The Naval Academy; George Washington University Law School; John Marshall Law School, Atlanta; The American University; The University of Florida; and Louisiana University (with degrees of B.S. and MA. [History] at American University, and PhJD. university work, in History, nearly completed). He is a member of the Bar of: the Superior Courts of Georgia; The Supreme Court of Georgia; and the U. S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. He has served as an officer in three U. S. aimed services: The Navy (including service in World War II and the Korean War); The Army; and the U. S. Border Patrol. As a civilian, in the U. S. Civil Service, he has served as: Nautical scientist, U. S. Hydrographic Office; U. S. Patent Examin­ er; American Vice Consul (in Mexico); Immigration Inspector; Central Intelligence Agency employee; and patent attorney for the famous von Braun team of missile and spacecraft scientists at Army s Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama. Recently he retired, at 56 years of age, from the U. S. Civil Service. He is still in the Naval Reserve. H* 18 the mVom of: ^any historical articles, essays, short pubiishedi invaikm s l?;r ??T' one novel.
    [Show full text]
  • {Descriptive Of
    ll. 3Vew {Descriptive ATLAS Of 'West ^Virginia r U&fltt MICROFILMED G s CAI /Yt-f/tfi Contains a separate map of the state and each of its fifty-five counties. A short article on the formation and history of the state and of each county, together with a notation of their products, popu­ lation and magisterial districts. With mention of the principal cities and towns of each county, their altitudes, populations, etc. Also an alphabetical list of all post offices in the state Giving the name of every stream and showing the boundary lines of each county and the districts thereof. Together with all established county and state roads. The design of the Great Seal and the Coat-of-Arms of West Virginia, are the same. This design was prepared and executed by Mr. Joseph H. Diss Debar, a naturalized American of French birth. At the time of the execution of this work he was a resident of Doddridge County, West Virginia. He was West Virginia's first Immigration Com­ missioner, and author of the First Handbook of West Virginia. Following is the description of the seal and what it means: The State of West Virginia. "Montani Semper, Liberi" — Mountaineers are always free. In the center a rock with ivy, — emblematic of stability and continuance, and on the face of the rock the inscription June 20th, 1863, the date of our foundation, as engraved with a pen of iron in the rock forever. On the right of the rock a farmer clothed in the traditional hunting garb, peculiar to this region, his right arm resting on the plow handles, and the left supporting a woodman's axe, indicating that while our territory is partly cultivated, it is still in process of being cleared of the original forest.
    [Show full text]