ll. 3Vew {Descriptive ATLAS Of 'West ^Virginia r U&fltt MICROFILMED

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Contains a separate map of the state and each of its fifty-five counties. A short article on the formation and history of the state and of each county, together with a notation of their products, popu­ lation and magisterial districts. With mention of the principal cities and towns of each county, their altitudes, populations, etc. Also an alphabetical list of all post offices in the state Giving the name of every stream and showing the boundary lines of each county and the districts thereof. Together with all established county and state roads.

The design of the Great Seal and the Coat-of-Arms of West Virginia, are the same. This design was prepared and executed by Mr. Joseph H. Diss Debar, a naturalized American of French birth. At the time of the execution of this work he was a resident of Doddridge County, West Virginia. He was West Virginia's first Immigration Com­ missioner, and author of the First Handbook of West Virginia. Following is the description of the seal and what it means: The State of West Virginia. "Montani Semper, Liberi" — Mountaineers are always free. In the center a rock with ivy, — emblematic of stability and continuance, and on the face of the rock the inscription June 20th, 1863, the date of our foundation, as engraved with a pen of iron in the rock forever. On the right of the rock a farmer clothed in the traditional hunting garb, peculiar to this region, his right arm resting on the plow handles, and the left supporting a woodman's axe, indicating that while our territory is partly cultivated, it is still in process of being cleared of the original forest. At his right hand a sheaf of wheat and a cornstalk; on the left hand of the rock, a miner, indicated by a pick-axe on his shoulder, with barrels and lumps of mineral at his feet. On his left an anvil, partly seen, on which rests a sledge hammer, typical of the mechanic's arts, the whole indicating the principal pursuits and resources of the state. In front of the rock and the hunter, as if laid down by the latter and ready to be resumed at a moment's notice, two hunters' rifles, crossed and surmounted at the place of contact by the Phrygian cap, or cap of liberty, indicating that our freedom and liberty were won and will be maintained by the force of arms. The official state flower of West Virginia, is the rhododendron or big laurel. It was adopted by a vote of the pupils of the schools of West Virginia, during the school year of 1901-02, and confirmed by the State Legislatui-e in 1903. The state flag was adopted by a resolution of the West Virginia Legislature in 1907. The design consists of a white ground with a blue border and this bordered by a strip or fringe of old gold. With the design of the coat-of-arms of the state in the center on one side and a rhododendron bush in full bloom in the center of the re­ verse side. GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF UTAK y

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PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY CLARKSBURG, W. VA.

COPYRIGHT 1933, CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY PAGE TWO WEST VIRGINIA Geographical, Industrial and Historical

Introduction scale, especially in the eastern pan-handle of the state and In 1841 William Tompkins struck a flow of gas in a well the valleys of the North and South branches of the Potomac which he was drilling for salt water, located in the vicinity West Virginia is not only topographically an odd-shaped river, where great quantities of apples, and peaches are of Washington's burning spring. He contrived to pipe it to state, but it also occupies an unique position among the grown and marketed. The apples especially are of excellent his salt works where it was used to evaporate the salt brine. states of the Union. The most northem point of the state quality and color, and are shipped to many foreign markets To West Virginia goes the credit of having originated the is north of Pittsburgh, Pa. The most eastem point is as far and are much in demand. West Virginia Apples have won an first drilling tools, which were developed as early as 1808 in east as Raleigh, North Carolina. The southernmost point is enviable reputation for their superior quality in competition drilling salt wells in the Great Kanawha Valley. The first farther south than Richmond, Va., and the most westerly with like fruit from other states and countries. At least actual producing oil well in West Virginia was drilled at point is as far west as Central, Ohio. It is not a northern two of the leading varieties, Grimes Golden and Stark's De­ Burning Springs, in Wirt County, and was completed in state, because it is south of the Mason and Dixon Line. It is licious originated in this state. May, 1860, which produced about one hundred barrels of oil not an eastern state, because it is west of the Allegheny per day. Although the "Burning Springs" had been known to Mountains. It is not a southern state, because it did not exist almost as long as the one before mentioned in the secede from the Union during the Civil War. It is not west- Timber Originally most of the entire land area of the state was Kanawha Valley. The striking of this oil well caused a em because it is east of the Ohio river. Therefore, West vertible stampede to the locality from all sections of the Virginia is in a class by itself. covered with great quantities of the finest quality timber. The major portion was hard and semi-hard wood such as nation and for a time this section enjoyed a wonderful boom. The boundaries of the state are almost as unique as its Fortunes were made and lost there over-night. From the position among the States of the Union. They follow the grows in the north temperate zone. Interspersed with this growth was much yellow poplar, cherry and black walnut. time of discovery of the Burning Springs oil pool, searches rivers and mountain tops in the majority of instances — in and tests were made for other oil pools. As new ones were other words the boundaries are the natural ones and only in These varieties of woods were early sought because they were more valuable at the time than other kinds. Cherry and wal­ discovered the production gradually increased until in the four instances do any of the lines run straight or on a tan­ year 1900, it is estimated that 16,000,000 barrels of oil were gent. The Ohio river, from the point where it leaves the nut especially were selected for use in making furniture and for like purposes. marketed from West Virginia, nearly all of which was pro­ state of Pennsylvania, to the mouth of the Big Sandy river, duced from the western half of the state. From that date is entirely within the confines of West Virginia. The state One of the great problems of the pioneer settler was to forward there has been a gradual decline in the total produc­ has a total area of 24,780 square miles, of which 24,022 square raise his crops. After cutting smaller timber and brush, tion of this commodity, although the quantity yet produced miles are land, and a 1930 population of 1,729,205. larger trees were deadened so the sun could shine through amounts to upwards of four million barrels annually. The West Virginia is one of the greatest coal producing states them and make the com grow and ripen. After using such product is an exceptionally high grade paraffin base oil and in the nation and one of the most extensive producers of nat­ of the small timber as was needed for constructing the cabin especially superior for lubricating purposes and in the pro­ ural gas and high grade crude oil in the eastern part of the and other buildings, and providing rails for pens and fences, duction of gasoline. United States. It is also a great grazing country, with ex­ the remainder was set afire and destroyed. More land was tensive agricultural and horticultural products. The first cleared as rapidly as possible and as done most of the tim­ For many years after the discovery and production of articles of earlier trade and commerce in the Trans-Alle­ ber was destroyed by burning. In this manner untold mil­ oil began, natural gas, the companion product, was consider­ gheny region were skins, furs, medicinal herbs and roots, lions of feet of the finest timber that grew was entirely de­ ed a detriment and a nuisance to the producers. It was let such as ginseng, snake root, yellow root, etc., and bees wax, stroyed by a method that now would be termed ruthless. As escape into the air. The use of natural gas for fuel began secured from the comb of the honey, taken from wild bees. time went on, logging and lumber became one of the princi­ about 1890, and from that time on, more and more of it was These products of the forest were taken principally to Win­ pal industries of West Virginia. utilized for that purpose both in homes and factories. At chester and traded for salt, iron, and a few goods selected At first timber production was on a small scale, for the one time the state geologist estimated that five hundred from the meager stocks of these old time merchants. demand was very limited as lack of transportation prohibit­ million cubic feet per day was being shipped to cities and ed the marketing of these heavier products. The first means localities outside the state. In 1917 the highest peak was reached in gas production, amounting to 308,617,101,000 cubic Agriculture and Livestock of transpoi-tation used in this business were the streams. Usually the trees were felled and cut into logs in winter and feet. Since that time, the production of gas has been slowly The settler, upon his arrival in the wilderness west of during the early spring when the streams were swollen from declining. This third great natural resource added immense­ the mountains, immediately began the erection of a rude spring rains, the logs were floated to some point and made ly to the wealth of the state and its people. cabin to provide shelter as well as protection against the into rafts which were floated down the larger streams to wild animals of the forest and the wilder Indian. His next market. Later, with the advent of the railroads, saw-mills Iron and Steel concern was the clearing of enough ground on which to plant were set up, and the logs sawed into lumber and shipped to The state possesses large deposits of iron ore. Although and grow a crop of corn sufficient for the subsistence of him­ market by rail. the ore is by no means so rich as that of the Great Lakes self and family. This was usually done before the family Although a small portion of virgin timber remains, it Regions, yet in the early days of the industry, many iron fur­ was brought to the wilderness home. Maize or Indian com amounts to only a fraction of the originally stand. Much naces were established for smelting these ores. The first was the principal source of breadstuff for the pioneers due to of the early cut-over lands have grown up with second and furnace in what is now West Virginia was operated on the fact that it would grow quicker and in places where oth­ even third and fourth growth timber. While considerable King's Creek, Hancock county, between 1790 and 1794 by a er similar grains would not produce, and was one of their sums of this new growth has been destroyed by forest fires it Pennsylvania-German. Its ruins and many others still exist. very essential food products. In fact it was many years it rapidly increasing in amount, for timber is the only natural Other records say iron was produced from rich ores of after the first settlers came into the hills and valleys of resource that will, in time, replace itself. Principally from Hardy and Pendleton counties during the American Revolu­ western Virginia, before any attempt was made to grow this younger timber many thousands of staves for barrels tion. Decker's Creek Iron Works, or old "Rock Forge" was wheat for bread. have been made and shipped to market. Many crossties for built as early as 1798, in Monongalia county. Jackson's Iron The method used in preparing corn for bread or other railroad and coal mines have been produced and marketed. Works, on Cheat River was in existence in 1798. By 1800 kinds of food was substantially as follows: A large tree many iron furnaces were in operation in Braxton, Grant, was felled, usually a gum if it could be had, because it Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hardy, Harrison, Kanawha, Monon­ would not split. From this a "cut" was taken, usually about Coal and Mining galia and other counties. Charcoal was used for smelting. three feet long. This was placed on end before the cabin Wood was used exclusively by the pioneer settlers for The Cheat Iron Works, near Ice's Ferry, became the site and a fire built on the top and kept burning from the center domestic fuel, and it continued to be used extensively by of the first rolling mill, except those in Pennsylvania, west out, so that eventually an inverted cone was formed in the several generations of their descendants, although coal had of the Alleghenies. In 1811 it was supplied with iron from top of the block. From this the charred coals were scraped been discovered in America at a very early date. William various furnaces in that region. By 1840 it included a nail out clean to the depth of the bumed wood and the "hominy Penn was granted the right to mine coal in 1684; John Sal­ plant, rolling mill, foundry, machine, wagon and blacksmith block" was ready for use. A peck or more of shelled corn ley of Augusta County, claimed to have discovered it in the shop, employing 1,200 hands. was placed in the cavity and pounded with a pestle until the Great Kanawha Valley in 1742; it was discovered in "Coal whole batch was reduced to a course meal. This was then Wheeling's first iron mill was built in 1834, shortly Hill," opposite Pittsburgh in 1758; George Washington, in thereafter began the manufacture of nails. Business grew mixed into dough or batter and baked into bread or com his diary of 1770 mentions having found coal in what is now pone. Another method was to boil the com until quite soft, and Wheeling became known as the "Nail City." Morgan- Mason County, West Virginia. Shipments were made from town also manufactured nails. Blast furnaces were intro- then pound into a jelly, which was then dried and used as Pittsburgh to Cincinnati as early as 1802; this fuel having needed. This preparation was called hominy meal. This dued about 1850, and old fashioned hand-operated charcoal together with a supply of the limited number of been first used in the salt furnaces of the Great Kanawha furnaces gradually disappeared. vegetables which they grew in those days, to which Valley in 1817. The consumption for that purpose in 1840 For many years Wheeling and Benwood led in the iron was added meat from the wild game which was so reached 200,000 bushels. It was not, however, until the tim­ and_ steel industry, although developments in other cities abundant in the woods, and fish from the streams, composed ber and lumber business had reached its peak, that it was during the past two decades have been more striking. Steel the food supply to the early settlers. Then as the game be­ discovered that immense beds of the finest bituminous coal mills of various kinds operate in Clarksburg, Charleston, gan to be materially reduced or exhausted it became neces­ in existence underlaid the surface of the major portion of the Huntington, Parkersburg, Morgantown and other cities. The sary to raise animals for their meat supply and this soon be­ state. Slowly at first and then more rapidly coal from these most striking development in the industry, however, is the came a source of income as well as to provide for home needs. deposits came into general use for fuel. From this small be­ Weirton plant of the National Steel Company, at Weirton in As the forests were cleared from the lands now compris­ ginning more extensive developments were made until coal Hancock county, and which is only a short distance from the ing West Virginia, the surface having a rich soil, became mining and shipping became the leading producer of wealth. old King's Creek furnace. In 1909 the Weirton Steel Com­ naturally covered with the finest of blue grass. This made The coal production of West Virginia, beginning with pany, which had been previously operating a plant at Clarks­ the whole region an excellent grazing country for live stock. 1873 and showing the annual production at the end of each burg, West Virginia, acquired a tract of land in the extreme Great numbers of horses and other draft animals were rais­ ten year period follows: 1873—1,000,000 tons; 1883—2,335,833 southwest part of Hancock County, along the Ohio River, ed for market, farm purposes and transportation. Many tons; 1893—10,708,578 tons; 1903—29,337,241 tons; 1913— and built a steel plant and started a town. In 1910, the of them having been used for cavalry and artillery horses 69,183,794 tons; 1923—97,075,177 tons; 1933 estimated at plant was doubled. Now the plant has nearly trippled in size, in the United States Army. Large droves of cattle, sheep, 93,000,000 tons. and in 1923 it added two by-product plants at Weirton. In swine and other animals were produced both for market West Virginia is now producing upwards of one hun­ 1934 the city had a population of around 20,000 people. and local consumption. Some of the finest cattle raised in dred million tons of coal per year and this will probably the nation have been produced in West Virginia and exported increase as the years go on. It is now the greatest bitumin­ Limestone to foreign markets, where the fine meats produced have ous coal producing state in the union. It is estimated by Many seams of limestone are being operated in various graced the tables of royal families and provided feasts for geologists that there originally existed within the bounds of parts of the state. These vary in thickness from a few feet epicures in many countries. Live stock, meats, milk, and the state, 17,000 square miles of territory underlaid with to fifty, seventy-five and a hundred feet and more. Thou- kindred lines have added millions of dollars to the annual coal, or equivalent to 117,660,321,910 tons of marketable coal. sands_ and thousands of tons of fine limestone are annually income of the people of West Virginia. In sixty odd years of the state's existence there has been quarried in the northern and eastern parts of the state and mined 2,656,122,621 tons, leaving yet to be produced in round shipped to the iron and steel centers and used in thai great As new lands were cleared of filth and •weeds, to which numbers, one hundred and fifteen billion tons. Eleven coun­ industry. Many more thousands of tons are produced and new land is always susceptible, the raising of wheat was en­ ties of the state, viz; Berkeley, Hampshire, Hardy, Jackson, manufactured into hundreds of thousands of barrels of high gaged in, and wheat-flour and white bread, made therefrom, Jefferson, Monroe, Morgan, Pendleton, Pleasants, Ritchie and grade cement. This great product is used both at home and began to replace the Johnny cake and com pone. The man­ Wood, are listed as having no minable seams of coal. Seven abroad, and in almost every conceivable kind of construction ner of sowing, reaping and threshing was at first very crude, others, viz; Cabell, Calhoun, Doddridge, Pocahontas, Roane, work. Much crushed limestone is also used in road building. the harvesting being done principally with the sickle and Tyler and Wirt counties, have some reserves but no develop­ A large amount is burned into lime as well as pulverized raw flail. Improvements in these methods were gradually made for use as fertilizer. and wheat became one of the leading agriculutral crops of the ments. The remaining thirty-seven counties of the state state. It still ranks as the leading crop in many parts of have developments. Of the developed counties, McDowell has West Virginia. Buckwheat also came into use as a food produced the largest amount to date with 528,084,728 tons to Pottery her credit, and yet has upward of five billion tons reserve. product, being grown especially in the higher altitudes and Few people today stop to realize the importance of pot­ on ground with poorer soils on which wheat would not read­ Boone and Logan counties have the largest reserves of coal, <•. the former having slightly over eight billion tons and the tery to commerce and as an article in daily use in every home ily produce a good crop. As the livestock industry prog­ in the nation. The first pottery plant was located at Mor­ ressed, the demand for forage and feed increased according­ latter just a little less than eight billion tons. The smallest production of any coal producing county in the state was gantown about 1785. Trenton, New Jersey and East Liver­ ly and more and more com, oats, hay and like grains and pool, Ohio, are the two leading centers of the pottery indus­ products were required to be produced for the ever-increas­ Wetzel with 83,415 tons to her credit. try in the nation today. Across the Ohio River from East ' ing herds and droves of domestic animals. Oil and Gas Liverpool, at Newell, West Virginia, a pottery plant was es­ Fruit-growing in West Virginia has been engaged in tablished a hundred years ago. This plant went out of busi­ since shortly after the first settlers began to clear the land, Petroleum oil, the lubricant which built the machine age ness after some years only to be succeeded by one of the although from the beginning of the first settlements, much of our nation today, and its companion, natural gas, the largest earthenware producing plants in the world. Wheel­ 5 wild fruit could be found in and around the cleared spots at "King of Fuels," were both early known in the territory now ing took the lead in the manufacture of white ware. The the edge of the virgin forests. This consisted of plums, comprising West Virginia. Probably the earliest mention best grades of potters' clay and fire clay are abundant in grapes, services, cherries, and the various kinds of berries of natural gas, was by George Washington in his diary in Hancock and other northern pan-handle counties. which latter are more abundant today than ever. The settlers 1775, while in the valley of the Great Kanawha. He and Pottery plants are also located in the following < ities early began planting small orchards of apples, peaches and Andrew Lewis had taken up a tract of land about ten miles of West Virginia: Cameron, Chester, Clarksburg, Gra'ton, pears, small lots of grapes and patches of berries to have east of the Elk River, of which his moiety or half consisted Huntington, Kenova, Mannington, New Cumberland, New fruit for the use of their families. Quantities of these fruits of a tract of 123 acres, "on which is located a 'fiery fountain' Haven, Newell, Paden City, Parkersburg, Ravenswood, St. were usually dried and kept for winter use. In more recent or bituminous spring, of so inflammable nature as to burst Marys and Wheeling. Besides these there are many 1 ick rs, horticulture has been engaged in on quite a commercial forth freely as spirits and nearly as difficult to extinguish." and tile plants in the stb.te. PAGE THREE

Glass Sands and Sandstones Staunton, Va., by way of Monterey, Beverly, Buckhannon, of the river. This boat eventually went on to New Orleans, Weston and Smithville to Parkersburg, W. Va. From its in­ reaching there in December, 1811, then entering the trade West Virginia possesses immense quantities of high ception the state of Virginia insisted the counties through between there and Natchez, Miss., and never returned to the grade silica or glass sand, used in the manufacture of glass which it passed should share the expense of construction. Ohio River. ana glass products. Great quantities of this sand are an­ This considerably delayed the completion of the work, finally Salt manufacture in the Great Kanawha Valley early in­ nually produced, principally in the northeastern part of the lotteries were resorted to as a means of raising the quotas vited steam navigation on the Great Kanawha River. In 1819, state, and shipped to the many glass factories of West Vir­ of such costs. the year in which the first steamship crossed the Atlantic ginia and elsewhere. This sand is exceptionally free from Ocean, a crude steamboat attempted to ascend the Great clays and other mineral substances. This, together with The James River and Kanawha Turnpike had been com­ pleted by state aid, between Lewisburg and Charleston in Kanawha, but was unable to proceed further than Red House natural gas which is so well adapted for glass making, com­ the eariy twenties, and was extended to the Ohio River at Shoals. The Virginia Assembly then appropriated money to bines to make much of the best glass produced in the United Guyandot, (now part of the city of Huntington) in the early clear the river to Charleston. This and a second fund was States. Window glass making, especially flourishes. Sixty thirties, and Guyandot became an important river terminus. exhausted before the work was completed. The first steam­ per cent of the anunal United States output was one time In 1837 the time required to travel from Richmond, Va. to boat reached that place in 1823. By 1820 several steamers claimed to have been produced in West Virginia. Guyandot on the Ohio, was four and a half days. had ascended the Monongahela River, but the first steamer The first glass plant in West Virginia was located at to reach Morgantown was the "Reindeer," on April 29th, Wellsburg in 1815, but the industry did not become a thriv­ Among the more important tributary or feeder roads were: the Charleston and Point Pleasant Turnpike, complet­ 1826. The first steamboat on the Little Kanawha was in ing business until the early nineties and after the year 1900. ed in 1838; Giles, Payette and Kanawha Turnpike, connecting 1842. Usually where ever there was plenty of natural gas, glass Kanawha Falls and Pearisburg, by way of Peterstown, Beck­ plants were established and the business grew to be one of ley, Mt. Hope and Fayetteville, completed in 1848; the West Early Settlements th great manufacturing industries of the state. Besides win­ Union, Weston and Gauley Bridge Turnpike, by way of Sum­ The present territory of West Virginia, has been includ­ dow glass, bottles, fruit jars, tumblers, milk bottles, packers mersviUe, Sutton, Bulltown and Weston, completed in 1850; ed within the confines of many counties since the King ol ware and many other articles of glassware are manufactured, Fairmont and Weston Tumpike, by way of Clarksburg, and England granted a charter to the London Company to explore including factories which manufacture glass marbles ex­ Shinnston and Middlebourne Tumpike. and settle a vast section of the North American Continent clusively. which was named by them "Virginia." Their first perman­ The state also possesses untold quantities of fine sand­ Canals and Ferries ent settlement was made at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. stone for building purposes. While not so easily worked as However, the first counties which attempted to exercise jur­ some of the more widely used stone imported from other While roads were being built canals were also being isdiction over any of the present territory now composing states, the West Virginia product is just as good in quality projected. The two principal ones being to connect the West Virginia, were the counties of Frederick and Augusta, and durability. In Preston County are quarries of what is waters of the Potomac with the Cheat or Monongahela Riv­ which were formed in 1738 from old Orange County. At that commonly known as "brown stone" from which many of the ers. The other to connect the waters of the James and Great time Augusta county not only included the major portion fashionable residences of New York City were constructed. Kanawha Rivers. The first one was finally completed from of what is now West Virginia, but part of southwest Penn­ Many of the mammoth grindstones used in large machine Georgetown, D. C, to Cumberland and known as the Ches­ sylvania, and all of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, shops of the country are made in and shipped from West apeake and Ohio Canal. The other one was never built. Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota and North Virginia. With roads completed the need for ferries and bridges Dakota. Naturally the earliest settlements were made in arose to supplant the impassable fords. The first ferry west the easily accessible territory east of the Allegheny Moun­ Early Trails and Roads of the Allegheny Mountains was Ice's Ferry, across Cheat tains, and because treaties had early been made with the In­ American bison or buffalo made the first forest trails in River above Point Marion. Many other ferries were es­ dians whereby they relinquished their rights to this area. northwestern Virginia and marked ways which the Indians tablished in western Virginia and used for many years. The first permanent settlement made within the followed in their wars and hunting excursions. The Nema- Prior to 1807 all ferries were established by the Virginia confines of West Virginia was made by Colonel Morgan Mor­ colin Trail, named for an Indian guide who was employed by Assembly, after that date, by the county courts. gan, at or near the site of the town of Bunker Hill in Berke­ agents of the Ohio Company to help them establish the best ley county, then Virginia. Colonel Morgan was born in Gla­ possible route from the upper Potomac Valley to the head of Railroads morganshire, Wales, and came to America when a young man the Ohio River. It followed a tributary of the Potomac river Following the turnpikes came the railroads. The Balti­ and settled at Christiana, Delaware. In 1727 he, with his from Cumberland, Md., crossing the dividing ridge to the more and Ohio Railroad came into legal existence on April family, moved to and settled at Bunker Hill, Berkeley county, head waters of the Youghiogheny River, thence down that 2nd, 1827. Construction work commenced soon thereafter, in the Valley of Virginia. In 1731 Joist Hite acquired from stream by way of Connellsville, until it reached the Monon­ the road was finally completed between Baltimore and Cum­ Isaac and John Van Matre, a large tract of land in the Val­ gahela, and thence to the present site of Pittsburgh. In 1754 berland, in 1842. In 1845 the Virginia Assembly passed a ley of Virginia, part of which was located within the present George Washington in his campaign against the French, resolution authorizing the extension of the railroad to Wheel­ boundaries of West Virginia, and in the year of 1732 Mr. widened and improved this path to some point west of Old ing, on condition that work be commenced within three years Hite headed a colony of sixteen families, among whom were Fort Necessity. In 1765 General Sir Edward Braddock, in and completed within fifteen years, the distance being about three of his sons-in-laws, all of whom settled in the lower or his campaign against the French and Indians, further im­ two hundred miles. This gigantic undertaking was complet­ northern part of the Valley of Virginia. This was the first proved this route for the transportation of his army to Fort colony to settle in the Valley. One or two of these families ed and the last spike driven at Roseby's Rock, in Marshall settled in what is now West Virginia. Duquesne, near where he met his disasterous defeat on July County, West Virginia, Christmas eve, December 24th, 1852. 9th, 1755, and died four days later. General John Forbes The plans were next made for an extension of the railroad further improved the road in the fall of 1758, while trans­ from Grafton to Parkersburg. By June 1st, 1857, the road Fairfax Grant porting his troops in the campaign against and the capture was completed and ready for operation. At the same time of Fort Duquesne, the name of which he changed to Fort In 1681, King Charles the second, of England, made a a railroad was completed and ready for operation from large grant of land to Lord Hopton and others, known as Pitt. In 1766 the Virginia Assembly ordered a road cleared Marietta, Ohio, to Cincinnati, and from Cincinnati to St. from the Valley of the South Branch to Fort Pitt. After the "Northern Neck" which included the present counties Louis, Mo. Other important branches of the Baltimore and of Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmore­ reaching this old road it no doubt followed it to its destina­ Ohio were built as follows: Clarksburg to Weston, completed tion. land, Stafford, King George, Prince William, Fairfax, in 1881; Grafton to Philippi and Belington, and in 1888 the Loudoun, Fanquier, Culpepper, Madison, Shenandoah and National Road Ohio River Road from Wheeling to Huntington. Frederick, all in Virginia; and Jefferson, Berkeley, Morgan, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad was the second great Hampshire, Hardy, Mineral, Grant, and a portion of Tucker The Old National Road, first highway constructed by railroad to cross the state. It had its beginning in the Vir­ Counties in West Virginia. This vast grant of land was sold the United States govemment, was established primarily to ginia Central, incorporated in 1850. Immediately after the to Thomas Lord Culpepper to whom it was confirmed in connect Atlantic coast points with Ohio River points. It was Civil War both Virginias co-operatively granted charters to 1688. This immense estate descended from Lord Culpepper routed by way of Cumberiand, Md., Uniontown and Browns­ the Covington and Ohio Railroad, which was to be a continua­ to his only daughter Catherine, who married Thomas, Fifth ville, Pa., to Wheeling, western Virginia, thence west to tion of the Virginia Central. The name was shortly changed Lord Fairfax. Columbus, Ohio, and was to have been extended to Saint to the Chesapeake and Ohio. The president of the new com­ From them the property descended to their eldest son, Louis, Missouri, but was never completed to the latter place. pany was William C. Wickham, associated with him and the Thomas, who became the Sixth Lord Fairfax. He came to The actual construction of the road began in 1811 and was prime mover in the enterprise was Collis P. Huntington. At America about 1745, and in 1748 employed George Washing­ completed to Wheeling in 1817. It followed the old Nema- the beginning of the year 1873, the road had been completed ton, then a lad of seventeen years of age, to survey and lay colin Trail or Braddock Road at the beginning and continued from Richmond to Huntington, then known as Guyandot. off in lots, "that part of the grant that lay in the Valley of as far as possible until required to change the general route Soon thereafter the town of Huntington was laid out and Virginia, and in and across the Allegheny Mountains." Young to reach its proposed destination at Wheeling. This high­ named in honor of Collis P. Huntington. This road has add­ Washington crossed the Blue Ridge and aided by George way was built on a sixty foot right-of-way, with a level strip ed many branches and feeders to its main lines, which serves Fairfax, the eldest son of William Fairfax, whose daughter thirty feet wide in the center, in which was a twenty foot a vast country in and adjacent to the Valley of the Great Washington's eldest brother Lawrence Washington, had mar­ roadway of small crushed stone eighteen inches deep in the Kanawha and its tributaries. ried, took up and satisfactorily completed the work. middle and sloping to twelve inches on the sides. The Norfolk and Western Railroad, a newer road than Several manors were laid out, two of which were Green­ The first all-Virginia route connecting the eastem re­ the others, developed into the third great railroad of the way Court, in Frederick county, Virginia, which consisted of gions of Virginia with the country on the Monongahela was state. It had its origin in the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio 10,000 acres of the finest land in the lower end of the Valley, the "old state road" from Winchester by way of Romney to Railroad, which failed in 1881, and was bought up by the and on which Lord Fairfax lived and died; and the "South Morgantown, between 1784 and 1786. In the latter year a new company. It was first planned to connect with the Branch Manor" in what is now Hardy County, West Virginia, branch wagon road was authorized to be opened from the Chesapeake and Ohio at Hinton, but later abandoned. In containing 55,000 acres. On this last tract, settlements were "state road," at a point on Cheat River, to Clarksburg. A 1876 Colonel Thomas Graham of Philadelphia, secured con­ made at an eariy date, and from here a migration of set­ wagon was driven from Alexandria, Virginia, to Morgan- trol of the road and made plans to extend it up East River tlers to the westward who established settlements in much town, as early as 1796. The route of this old "state road" and Bluestone to Pocahontas, Virginia. Colonel Graham, of the northem central part of West Virginia. Earliest was no doubt up Decker's Creek from Morgantown to the old for whom the town of Graham (now Bluefield) was named, of these was the colony at or near the present town of Buck­ Rock Forge, thence over the general route of the later King- had made extensive purchases of coal in the Flat Top Region. hannon, which was established in 1769, and led by the now wood Pike, crossing Cheat river at Dunkard's Bottom, to the The road reached Pocahontas, in 1882, and large shipments famous Pringle brothers. present site of Westemport, Md., and thence to Winchester. of coal began at once. Shortly thereafter the Elkhom tun­ It was probably cleared as a pack-horse trail between 1772 nel was constructed, as a route to the Ohio River by way of Files and Tygart and 1776, and was later known as the old "Winchester Road." Elkhorn. This extension was begun in 1890 and completed Prior to this time, however, about the year 1753 or be­ In 1786 the Virginia Assembly authorized the opening of to Ceredo in 1892. The Kenova Bridge was built and the fore, Robert Files or Foyle, and David Tygart with their re­ a road from Morgantown to the mouth of Fishing Creek, road extended west by the purchase of the Scioto Valley spective families came into the valley, of the river which to­ (now New Martinsville), another from Clarksburg to the Railroad, and east by the purchase of the Shenandoah Valley day bears the name of Tygarts Valley river and made their mouth of Little Kanawha River, (now Parkersburg). The Railroad. Many improvements have been made by this rail­ settlements. Files settled on a creek which now bears his first post roads were established to Morgantown and Wheel­ road and branch lines and feeders constructed. name and which flows into the Tygarts Valley river at ing, where post offices were established in 1794. The first Next came the Western Maryland Railroad in 1866, by Beverly, David Tygart settled about two miles fur­ actual wagon road in what is now West Virginia was opened chartering of the Piedmont Coal and Railway Company. ther up the river. Because of their having insufficient com in 1781 from Warm Springs, Va., to Lewisburg, W. Va. In Actual construction did not begin until 1880. The name to last them and their families through the winter, they 1784 the Virginia Assembly authorized a road opened from was changed to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh were preparing to move back east of the mountains. But in the James River to the Great Kanawha Valley, it was open­ Railroad Company in 1881. The original idea was to con­ the meantime, a number of Indians who had been on a raid ed to the navigable waters of the Kanawha River in 1790, nect the Baltimore and Ohio on the north with the Chesa­ into the South Branch Valley were returning westward and and to the Ohio River at the mouth of Guyandot by 1800. _ peake and Ohio in the south. In 1884 the road reached discovered the trail that led to the new settlement, and fol­ Virginia granted the first charter for a toll road in Davis, Tucker County. In 1889 it reached Elkins, then lowed it to Files' cabin and fell upon and massacred him, 1772. Other early roads established in western Virginia Leadville. The road was extended to Huttonsville and Bev­ his wife and five of his children, the youngest of which was were: Clarksburg to Point Pleasant in 1806, Monongahela erly in 1889. Another extension was made in 1892, which ten years old. One son who was not at the cabin at that Glades to mouth of Buffalo Creek on the Ohio River, in reached Belington. In 1899 the Coal and Iron Railroad was time escaped death, but on returning understood what was 1812, Beverly by Clarksburg and Middlebourne to Sistersville incorporated, shortly thereafter built a road from Elkins to happening and immediately fled up the river to Tygart's cabin in 1817, and Staunton, Va., by Jackson River, Huttonsville Durbin and connected with the Greenbrier River branch of and warned him and his family of the impending danger. and Beverly to Booth's Ferry, (now Philippi) in 1818. the C. & O. Railroad. This railroad company was backed by They immediately fled eastward across the mountains. The Senator Henry G. Davis and his associates. By 1904, Sena­ exact date of this incident has long been disputed. Governor tor Davis and Senator Stephen B. Elkins had completed the Dinwiddie of Virginia in a speech on February 14, 1754, re­ Northwestern Turnpike ferred to the matter as happening "no longer ago than last The completion of the National Road created a greater Coal and Coke Railway from Elkins to Charleston, now a month." However, it probably happened some time during demand for a modern highway on an all-Virginia route, which part of the B. & O. the late fall of 1753, for it is most unlikely that any Indians had been previously agitated. In 1827 the Virginia Assem­ The Virginian Railway, a new railroad, operates south would have been on a raiding tour across the mountains in bly passed an act incorporating the Northwestern of the Great Kanawha River, through the great Pocahontas the dead of winter. On February 4, 1754, the bodies of the Turnpike Company, which proposed to build a turnpike from and Plat Top coal fields. Its passenger trains run from members of the Files family were discovered by white people, Winchester by way of Romney, Burlington, Aurora, Pellows- Huntington, W. Va., to Roanoke, Va., part way over the and they seemed to have been dead about two months. It is ville, Petterman (now Grafton), Clarksburg, and Pennsboro tracks of the C. & O. Railway. presumed that the dead were buried, but Jacob Westfr.ll to Parkersburg. The chief engineer on the project was River Navigation claims that in 1772 he found and buried the bones of the Charles Shaw, who was ably assisted by Colonel Claudius members of that family. This valley remained unoccupied Crozet, who had served as an engineer with Napoleon Bona­ Navigation of the Ohio River and its tributaries began until 1772, when another settlement was made which remain­ parte. Completed in 1838, it cost $400,000.00. All the_ route with the Indian's birch-bark canoe long before Europeans set ed permanent. lay in Virginia except about eight and a half miles in the foot on this continent; then came the hardy English using southwestern part of Maryland. Immediately after its com­ similar canoes, the French in their pirogues; next the Indian The Eckarlys pletion it became a main traveled route between the east and traders; the era of the flat-boat. By 1810 two and three west. Daily stages were run over it which connected with ton masted and rigged vessels plied to New Orleans, and in In 1753, Dr. Thomas Eckarly or Eckarlin and two brothers Ohio River steamboats at Parkersburg. Until late in the March, 1811, the steamer "New Orleans," a 300 ton boat with from eastern Pennsylvania, and who it is claimed belonged to fifties large droves of livestock were driven over it to the a keel of 138 feet, left Pittsburgh on her first trip. Late a religious sect called Dunkards, sought a new home in the eastem markets. on the fourth day she reached Louisville, Ky., in seventy western wilderness to avoid military duty. Another reliable The Staunton and Parkersburg Tumpike, another im­ hours nearly seven hundred miles distant. This novel and authority however, states that these brothers were not T* portant east and west road, was first authorized in 1824, swift vessel excited and surprised the natives along the way ards but Ephratans, members of a religious sec* but not entirely completed until 1847. It extended from and terrified some who had never heard of this new marvel Ephrata Society, and a branch of the D'- PAGE FOUR these Eckarly brothers were from Europe and were original­ gun, but no ammunition, having left the two remaining loads day appointed the delegates met and the convention was call­ ly Catholics. They had charge of the secular affairs of their with his brother, Samuel, to be used in procuring sufficient ed to order by Chester D. Hubbard, of Ohio County, who society, and being suspected of having designs and ambitions food on which to subsist until the retum of his brother, he named William B. Zinn of Preston County, temporary presi­ to secure the title and possession of the property of their so­ set out for the far-off settlements across the mountains in the dent and George R. Latham of Taylor county, temporary ciety, and to give the establishment more luxurious and im­ South Branch or the Shenandoah Valleys, picking his way secretary. A committee on permanent organization, named posing appearance, they were tried by their society, con­ through a wilderness which was not only without roads, John W. Moss, of Wood County, as permanent president and victed and expelled from it. They then went to southwest but had not even a marked path, but filled with ferocious Charles B. Waggoner of Mason County, Marshall M. Dent Pennsylvania and made a settlement on the waters of a wild animals and more fierce savages. Eventually he reach­ of Monongalia County, and J. Chandler of Ohio county, as stream they called Dunkard's Creek. From there they moved ed his destination on the South Branch of the Potomac and permanent secretaries. At this convention it was finally to, and settled on what has since been known as "Dunkard ventured into the settlement, at the risk, as he thought, of agreed that each county should on the fourth day of June, Bottom" located on Cheat River about two miles southeast being arrested for deserting from the army at Fort Pitt. 1861, appoint twice as many delegates as they had representa­ of the present site of Kingwood where they resided for a But to his great joy he discovered that the war was over tives in the Virginia Assembly, together with the senators year or two. Like the Pringle brothers, the Eckarlys ran and his danger of arrest was very remote. He secured am­ and representatives who were elected to the Virginia Assem­ out of salt and ammunition. Dr. Thomas Eckarly started out munition and other supplies and retumed to their wilderness bly on the 4th day of May, previous, to meet in a conven­ on a path that led eastward in order to reach some settle­ home. On John's arrival at their place of abode in the syca­ tion to be held at Wheeling on the 11th day of June, of the ment at which he might secure a new supply of the two more tree, he informed his brother Samuel of the close of same year, to devise such measures as the safety of the peo­ commodities so necessary to the early settlers. When he the war and that they were able to retum to the settlements ple should demand, in case the Ordinance of Secession should reached Fort Pleasant in the South Branch Valley he was without further danger of arrest. carry at the election for that purpose to be held on May arrested and held as an Indian spy and the story of him and The glowing description of the country given by the 23, 1861, the date set for the election on that proposition. his brothers having established a settlement in the western Pringle Brothers to the settlers of the South Branch Valley About 44,000 votes were cast of which 16,000 or 17,000 wilderness was not believed. Thereupon an armed guard ac­ was so pleasing to them that they wanted to visit this wonder­ were for ratification of the Ordinance of Secession. companied him back to the place of his claimed settlement, land Eldorado and see for themselves whether or not it was The delegates who had been previously elected for the but on arriving there, they found his cabin in ashes and the such as the Pringles claimed it to be. Accordingly purpose then assembled at Wheeling on June 11, 1861, which mutilated bodies of his two brothers, upon which had been in the fall of 1768, Samuel Pringle, with several has since been known as the "Second Wheeling Convention," wreaked all of the savage indignities of Indian hate. Dr. others from the South Branch Valley, visited the and a permanent organization was effected, with Arthur I. Eckarly returned to Fort Pleasant with his guard. These country which had so long been occupied by the Pringles Boreman of Wood County as President and G. L. Cramner, were the first explorers in the upper Monongahela Valley, alone. In the following spring they, with a few others, who Secretary. One June 13 following, "a Declaration of Princi­ and among the first people killed by the Indians west of the were so well pleased with the country which they had visited ples" was offered and passed unanimously by the Conven-' Allegheny Mountains. the fall before, repaired thither, with a view of growing as tion. On June 14th the convention began the work of reor­ Thomas Decker lead a small colony into the western much corn as would supply their families the first year after ganizing the government of the State of Virginia. On June wilderness and in the fall of 1758 established a settlement their migration. The following settlers proceeded to select 20, 1861, the convention proceeded to the election of officers on the Monongahela River at the mouth of Decker's creek, at such lands as best suited them or were to their liking, viz: as provided for by the first section of the Ordinance. Francis or near the present site of the city of Morgantown. _ In the Samuel Pringle, John Jackson, and his sons, George and Harrison Pierpont, of Marion County, was unanimously elect­ following spring, a band of Delaware and Mingo Indians fell Edward; John Hacker, Alexander and Thomas Sleeth; Wil­ ed Governor of Virginia; Daniel Polsley of Mason County, upon the settlement and massacred and scalped all of the liam Hacker, Thomas and Jesse Hughes; John and William was elected Lieutenant-Governor; James S. Wheat of Ohio people composing it except one, who escaped and made his Raddiffe and John Brown, and these, with probably another county, was elected Attorney-General, and Peter G. Van- way to Fort Red Stone, (now Brownsville, Pa.), where he or two composed the first settlers of the Buckhannon Settle­ Winkle of Wood county, Daniel Lamb of Ohio county, William reported the fate of the people of Decker's settlement. The ment. Shortly thereafter other emigrants arrived in the Lazier of Monongalia county, William A. Harrison of Harri­ garrison there was too weak to attempt any pursuit of the settlements. Among whom were John and Benjamin Outright, son county and J. T. Paxton of Ohio county, were chosen marauders, so the commandant, Captain Audley Paul, sent and Henry Rule. members of the Governor's Council. James S. Wheat dis­ a runner to Fort Pitt, (now Pittsburgh) to apprize Captain Samuel Pringle, whose wife was Charity Outright, daugh­ charged the duties of Adjutant-General for a month, when John Gibson, who was in command there, of the killing of ter of Benjamin, continued to reside in the settlement and H. J. Samuels of Cabell county, was appointed to that posi­ Thomas Decker and other members of his settlement. Cap­ many of their descendants still reside in that section of the tion and occupied it until the formation of the new State. tain Gibson immediately set out at the head of thirty men to state. John Pringle, his brother, whose wife was Rebecca intercept the Indians, but failed. When Governor Pierpont assumed the duties of the post Simpson, a sister or daughter of John Simpson, the trapper, to which he had been elected he had no office, no furniture apparently went to Chaplin's Fork in Kentucky in or before and no money. He occupied a vacant room in the Custom- The Pringles 1780. House at Wheeling, at which city the capital of the restor­ The next advance of civilization in this section of West About the time of or shortly after the date of the Buck­ ed govemment had been fixed. When the Assembly conven­ Virginia after the destruction of Decker's colony, was com­ hannon settlement David and Zackwell Morgan, sons of Col­ ed in the following July, it was reported that it would have posed of four men, William Childers, Joseph Lindsey, John onel Morgan Morgan, the first permanent settler in West to adjourn because there were no public funds and the mem­ Pringle and Samuel Pringle, who had been serving as soldiers Virginia, together with some other immigrants made settle­ bers were without money. Whereupon, Governor Pierpont in the garrison at Fort Pitt. Garrison duty being very irk­ ments at the site of Morgantown and other points along the resolved to borrow $10,000.00 on his own private credit, which some to them, as to all frontiersmen, so they deserted from Monongahela River. From that time until the beginning of he accordingly did, and at his request Peter G. Van Winkle the army in 1761 and came up the Monongahela River to the the Revolutionary War, many settlers came into northwest­ of Wood county, endorsed his note and the money was secur­ mouth of Georges Creek, about where New Geneva, Penn­ ern Virginia and made their settlements and built forts and ed from a Wheeling bank. sylvania, now stands. They remained here for a short time block-houses for the protection of themselves and their neigh­ bors. Among these settlements were those at the sites Wheeling then continued to be the capital of the Re­ and not liking the situation, they crossed over the divide, no stored Government of Virginia, until June 20, 1863, when the doubt by Braddock's Road, to the Youghiogheny River, and where now stand Wheeling, Moundsville, Clarksburg, Par­ kersburg, and on Short Creek and in Tygarts Valley. new State of West Virginia, which had been formed in the continued on to the "Glades" at the head of this stream, in meantime, had been admitted as one of the United States ol what is now probably part of Preston County, where they re­ America. The restored government was removed to Alexan­ mained for about twelve months. While hunting, Samuel Marlin and Sewell Pringle came to a path, which he supposed would lead to the dria, Virginia, near Washington, and later to Richmond, it inhabited part of Virginia. On his retum he mentioned his About the year 1749, there resided in Frederick County, being exactly two years to the day from the date of the elec­ discovery and supposition to his comrades, and they resolved Virginia, a man who was subject to periods of insanity and tion of the first Governor of the Restored Government of to explore it. This they did and it conducted them to Looney's while so stricken would roam into the wilderness. At one of Virginia, to the date of admission of West Virginia to state­ Creek. While in that settlement the party was recognized these periods he wandered across the mountains and came hood. and William Childers and Joseph Lindsey were apprehended onto some of the headwaters of Greenbrier River. Surprised as deserters. John and Samuel Pringle succeeded in making to see these waters flowing westward instead of northerly First State Officials their escape and reached their camp in the "Glades" on the as other rivers in that section of the county did, on his re­ headwaters of the Youghiogheny River, about two miles east turn to Winchester he related his discovery. In consequence The first officers of the new State of West Virginia, of the present town of Aurora. There they remained until of this, two men, Jacob Marlin and Stephen Sewell, lately were as follows: Governor, Arthur I. Boreman of Wood coun­ some time in 1764. During this year, and while in the em­ from New England, visited the new country and took up their ty; Auditor, Samuel Crane of Randolph county; Treasurer, ploy of John Simpson, (a trapper, who had come there in residence on Greenbrier River, on a bottom ever since known Campbell Tarr of Brooke county; Secretary of State, J. Edgar quest of furs), they all determined to remove farther west. as Marlin's Bottom, now the site of the town of Marlinton, Boyers of Tyler county; Attorney-General, A. 'Bolton Cald­ Simpson was induced to do so in order to better enjoy the and by which the name of Marlin has since been perpetuat­ well of Ohio county; Judges of the Supreme Court, Ralph L. woods and hunting free from the intrusion of other hunters ed. The name of Stephen Sewell has also been perpetuated Berkshire of Monongalia county, William A. Harrison of and trappers, (the "glades" having become a common hunting by Sewell Mountain. Harrison county, and James H. Brown of Kanawha county. ground for settlers of the South Branch), while the Pringles, After a short time these two men had a falling out over All were elected without opposition. for their personal safety, desired to be where they would be their respective religious beliefs, parted ways and lived in The new state on its admission to the Union consisted less exposed to observation of other hunters and trappers, separate camps. Sewell left Marlin in the cabin and took of the same territory as now comprises the state, except the which might lead to recognition and arrest as deserters. up his abode in a hollow tree near by, and thus they were counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, which were not admit­ found living in 1750, by John Lewis and his son Andrew, In journeying through the wilderness, and after having ted as counties of West Virginia until the fifth of August, afterward General Andrew Lewis, the hero of Point Pleasant, 1863, and second of November, 1863, respectively. After crossed the Cheat River at Horse Shoe Bend, (which however, who had come west of the mountains to explore the country does not sound very reasonable for a party to have done, in the close of the Civil War the state of Virginia tried to re­ as agents and surveyors of the Greenbrier Land Company. cover these two counties from West Virginia, and the matter travelling westward from the "Glades" in Preston County), Sewell afterward moved fifty miles farther west, and soon a quarrel arose between Simpson and one of the Pringles, and was carried into Congress and into the United States Su­ fell a victim of the Indians. It is said that Marlin later preme Court. The dispute was finally settled December, notwithstanding that peace and harmony were so essential returned to the settlements. and necessary to their mutual safety, they separated. Simp­ 1870, in favor of the State of West Virginia. It son went on westward and the Pringles did likewise. From Colonel John McNeel, who was bora near Winchester, is claimed that these two counties were added to West information available it appears that both parties reached Va., was the next settler in what is now Pocahontas county. Virginia, through influence brought to bear by the Union the Tygart's Valley at some point above where stands the In his wanderings he came upon what has ever since been authorities in order that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad present town of Grafton, some say at the mouth of Pleasants known as the "Little Levels," being a beautiful little valley would be wholly within the confines of West Virginia, giving Creek. Be it as it may, Simpson passed over the divide be­ hemmed in on all sides by lofty mountain ranges and being the federal government the right to use and control the rail­ tween the waters of Tygart's Valley River and waters of the the territory in and around Hillsville. Here he decided to road during the Civil War. make his future home and reared his lonely cabin. This West Fork and there came onto a good sized creek, which This no doubt accounts for the eastern pan-handle of he named Simpson's Creek, in honor of himself. After fol­ was about the year 1756. Shortly thereafter Charles and James Kennison arrived and located in the same locality. West Virginia. The northem panhandle having been form­ lowing this stream for some distance he crossed another ed by reason of the running of the Mason and Dixon line, divide and travelling some distance he came to another All three were soldiers at the Battle of Point Pleasant, and later in the Revolutionary War. as the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and good-sized creek, in which he saw an elk standing. This he Virginia and Pennsylvania, for a distance of three hundred named Elk Creek. Following Elk Creek he came to the site Shortly after 1751 the Greenbrier Land Company (of miles from the Delaware River, and which didn't quite reach of the present city of Clarksburg. He no doubt followed this which John Lewis was a member), was given a grant of 100,- to the Ohio River. Therefore all territory lying west of creek down to its mouth and there crossed over the West 000 acres of land in Greenbrier County. The War between Pennsylvania state line, running north from the end of Mason Fork river and established his camp where the Old Fair France and England in 1754 prevented any further settle­ and Dixon line and east of the Ohio River still remained in Grounds were located in Clarksburg, now Highland Park Ad­ ments in this direction, and after a declaration of peace be­ the state of Virginia, and eventually in West Virginia, there­ dition to the city. It is said he remained here for a year not tween these two countries, their efforts were further inter­ by accounting for the northem pan-handle of the state. seeing a human being in that time nor even hearing of the fered with by a Royal proclamation, issued in 1763, by The capital of the Restored Government of Virginia, as Pringle brothers. At the end of that time he made up a pack the English King which forbade all settlements on the west­ stated above, was located at Wheeling until the admission in­ of furs and started eastward to the settlements to secure a ern waters. However, previous to issuing this proclamation, to the Union of West Virginia, then the first capital of the new supply of ammunition and other necessities for a hunter several families had moved to the Greenbrier country and new state was located at Wheeling, and so remained until and trapper. He returned to his camp at Clarksburg in due made two settlements, one on Muddy Creek and the other at April 1, 1870, when it was removed to Charleston, and re­ time and remained there a number of years, until some set­ the Big Levels, both of which were destroyed by the Indians mained here until May 20, 1875, when it was relocated at tlers arrived and purchased from him his settlement right. in 1763. No more attempts were made to settle this section Wheeling, where it remained until May 1, 1885, when it Then he moved on to some other location where there were until 1769 or 1770, when Captain John Stuart and some other was again moved to Charleston, where it has remained. no settlers to dispute with him the right to the game and young men began to improve and settle the country. furs nor disturb the forest solitude so natural to him. Memorable Wartime Events The Pringle brothers, before mentioned, also reached Formation of West Virginia the Tygart's Valley River at some point in the vicinity of The Ordinance of Secession, whereby the state of Vir­ The first battle of the Revolutionary War was fought ai where Simpson crossed it, and they followed the stream up­ ginia seceded from the Union, was passed by the Virginia Point Pleasant, (now Mason County, West Virginia), or ward until they reached its large right-hand fork now known Assembly on April 17th, 1861, by a vote of eighty-eight to Monday, October 10, 1774, the last battle of that war was as the Buckhannon River, and thence up that stream until fifty-five; most of the opposition coming from that part of fought at Fort Henry (now Wheeling, West Virginia) on the they reached a point at the mouth of what is now known the state now comprising West Virginia. Immediately upon 27th of September, 1782. The war ended officially, Septem­ as Turkey Run, some distance below the site of the present the passage of the ordinance, those opposing it began pre­ ber 3rd, 1783. town of Buckhannon. There they discovered a large hollow parations for the restoration of the Virginia government to The first enlisted man killed in the Civil War was sycamore tree, in which they established a home and re­ have jurisdiction over that part of the state west mained for two or three years. No doubt during the whole Thornberry Bailey Brown, a recently enlisted soldier of the of the mountains or the formation of a new state. Union Army, at Petterman, (now a part of Grafton), West of that time they lived cn meat and fish alone, for they had Through the influence of the Federal government the Virgin­ neither bread nor anything from which to make it. Virginia, on the evening of May 22, 1861. The first Confeder­ ia government was reorganized. A meeting with that end ate soldier, Captain Christian Roberts, was killed at Glover's in view was held at Morgantown the day the ordinance of Gap, Marion County, West Virginia, on May 27, 1861. The Return to South Branch secession was passed and on April 22, 1861, meetings were first land battle of the Civil War was fought on the morning Eventually their supply of ammunition became so low held at Clarksburg, Morgantown and New Martinsville, at of June 3, 1861, at Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, that they had but two loads left, although they had limited which delegates were elected to meet at a convention to be between Confederate forces under General George A. Porter­ the use of their supply to the actual procuring of game for held at Wheeling. In compliance with the recommendation of field, and Union forces under General B. F. Kelley. The Un­ *^od. Although shrinking from the idea of being driven to the Clarksburg Convention many other counties soon elected ion forces were victorious. T' i last short fired before Lee's -Elements for a supply of ammunition, it was decided delegates to a convention, and the date therefor was fixed surrender at Appomattox Court House was said to have been '+v required that they do so. Late in the year for May 13, 1861, at Wheeling, which is known in the history fired by Benton Queen of Weston, W. Va., who was a private "le made up a pack of furs and with his of the state as the "First Wheeling Convention." On the in Company "B" 10th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry. > o

< m PAGE SIX

BARBOUR COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

BARBOUR COUNTY, formed in 1843, from parts of Harrison, Lewis and Randolph Counties, has an area of 348 square miles and in 1930 had a population of 18,628. It was named for Philip Pendleton Barbour, a distinguished jurist of Virginia, and Governor of that state in 1811. The county has eight magisterial districts, Barker, Cove, Elk, Glade, Philippi, Pleasant, Union and Valley. It is an agricultural and grazing county with large and valua­ ble coal deposits which have been extensively developed, it also has some oil and gas developments. Philippi, the county seat, established in 1844, is located on the Tygarts Valley River and was originally known as Booth's Ferry, its name was derived from the Chris­ tian name of the distinguished gentleman who gave his name to the county. It has an elevation of 1,310 feet above the sea level and a 1930 population of 1,767. Here is located Alderson-Broaddus College, a higher institution of leaming, formerly Broaddus College, but which was combined with Alderson Academy which was formerly located at Alderson, in Monroe County, West Virginia. This institution of learning is maintained by the Baptists of West Virginia. Broaddus College was formerly located at Clarksburg, West Virginia, and was originally known as Broaddus Female College, but the name was changed when the institution moved to Philippi. The first land engagement of the Civil War was fought at Philippi on June 3rd, 1861. The Federal troops, commanded by General B. F. Kelly, engaged and routed the Confederate forces under Colonel George A. Porterfield. While the battle was little more than a skirmish it was the beginning of the land operations of our great Civil War. The first Confederate flag in West Virginia floated from the dome of the court house at Philippi. A commission to recommend suitable marke"j and monuments to com­ memorate this event was appointed by the West Virginia Legislature of 1927. The old wooden bridge at Philippi is an ancient land mark, and one of very few that still remain standing and in daily use. It was construi.ted by Lemuel Chenoweth in 1852, and is in very good condition at this time. Other important towns in the county are, Belington, with a population of 1,571 in 1930, and Junior with a population of-560 n, 1930. h ( PAG£ SEVEfM BERKELEY COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA- COPYRICHT IB33 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

BERKELEY COUNTY. The narrow strip of West Virginia extending to the east between Virginia and Maryland is comprised of three counties and is known as the Eastern Panhandle. Berkeley county, one of the three, became a separate county in 1772 being erected from part of Frederick County, was named for Norbome Berkeley, Baron Botetourt, Colonial governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. Its land area is 324.78 square miles and the census returns for 1930 shows a population of 28,030. Arden, Falling Waters, Gerrardstown, Hedgesville, Martinsburg, Mill Creek and Opequon are the seven magisterial districts. Berkeley county is the center of a great horticultural and agricultural district and is well known for the excellency of its fruits, particularly apples. Its mineral resources include ores, sands and limestone. Martinsburg, the county seat was made a town in 1778 and named for Colonel Thomas Bryan Martin, nephew of Lord Fairfax. Its population in 1930 was 14,857. Its elevation above sea level is 457.7 feet. He.,1-0' ville, the only other municipality in the county, had a 1930 population of 361. At Bunker Hill, in Berkeley county, in 1726, Morgan Morgan founded the first permanent settlement in Western Virginia. In commemoration of this settlement and in memory of its founder, the state of West Virginia, in 1924, placed a monument at the grave of Morgan Morgan. PAG£: EIGHT

BOONE COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. IT 19 J J CLAHKSBUBG PUBLISHING COI

BOONE COUNTY, in the southwestern tier of counties of the state, was organized in 1847 from parts of Kanawha, Cabell, and Logan counties and named for Daniel Boone the famous pioneer, explorer and hunter. Its important natural resource is coal. The population according to the 1930 census report is, 24,586. Daniel Boone was one of the representatives from Kanawha county in the Virginia Assembly in 1791. The county is divided into five magisterial districts, Crook, Peytona, Scott, Sherman and Washington and contains a land area of 506 square miles. The county seat is Madison, with an elevation of 603 feet. Its population in 1930 was 1,156. It is located at the mouth of Pond Fork and Spruce Fork, which form Coal River. It was incorporated as a town in 1906. At the organization of the county in 1847, the seat of justice was located on the lands of Albert Allen, at the mouth of Spruce Fork, opposite the present town of Madison. The original court house was burned by Federal troops during the Civil War. For some time thereafter, the seat of justice was located at the Ballardsville Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1866 the court house was relocated on the lands of Johnson Copley opposite the old site, and the public buildings erected which were used until 1921, when the present court house was constructed. Danville, also incorporated, had a 1930 population of 486. . BRAXTON COUNTY, the cen­ tral county of the state, erected in 1836 from parts of Kanawha, Lewis and Nicholas counties, takes its name from Carter Braxton, the Virginia statesman and one of Virginia's signers of the Declara­ tion of Independence. Its area is 517 square miles and its 1930 pop­ COUNTY ulation was 22,579. Birch, Holly, Otter and Salt Lick WEST VIRGINIA are the four magisterial districts of the county. COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON, W. VA. One of the most extensive views to be had in the state is from the PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. summit of High Knob, on the John CLARKSBURG. W. VA. G. Morrison farm in this county. COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY From there one can behold points N in twelve different counties in the state. Sutton, the county seat, formerly called Newville, then in Nicholas 5ca.Ce- A tion of 299 in 1930. O m 2 i m PAGE TEN

HA NCOCK.

BROOKE COUNTY, in the Northem Pan­ handle, was formed from part of Ohio county in 1796 and named for Robert Brooke, governor of Virginia (1794-1796). It has an area of 97 square miles and its population in 1930 was 24,663. Robert Brooke, in whose honor the county was named, was a grandson of Robert Brooke, who came to Virginia in 1710, in company with Robert Beverly, the historian, and Governor Alexander Spottswood. Robert and his broth­ er Lawrence, were sent to Edinburgh, Scotland to be educated for a profession. When the time arrived for them to retum home to Virginia, the Revolutionary War had broken out, and Robert was captured on his way to America and sent back to England. Escaping, he re­ turned to Scotland, thence to France, and sail­ ed for America in a French cruiser which was laden with arms and ammunition for the American Colonists. He entered the American army in 1781, was captured near Richmond, was shortly exchanged and retumed to the army and served until the close of the war. He died in 1799. BROOKE COUNTY The county has three magisterial districts: Buffalo, Cross Creek, and Wellsburg. WEST VIRGINIA The first court in Brooke County was held May 23rd, 1797, at the house of William Thorpe, in Charlestown, now Wellsburg. Rich­ ard Wells in 1772, located on a tract of 400 acres between Cross and Harmon's Creeks, about half way between the Ohio River and the Pennsylvania state line. In 1790, he brought from the east his aged parents, James and Honora Wells. Charles Wells, settled on Buf­ falo Creek in 1775, and about the same time his brothers, William, Absalom, Caleb and Amon Wells, settled in the county. Benjamin Wells located a patent in the county about 1787.

Wellsburg, on the Ohio River, was laid out by Charles Prather and given the name of Charlestown in honor of its proprietor. It was established in 1791, and is the county seat. Its name was changed to Wellsburg in 1816 in honor of Alexander Wells, son-in-law of Charles Prather. Its elevation above sea level is 635 feet and it had a population of 6,398 in 1930. Bethany, seven miles southeast of Wellsburg, had a population of 439 in 1930. It was laid out by Rev. Alexander Campbell in 1847 and is the site of Bethany College established in 1840. Alexander Campbell was bom in Ire­ land, September 12th, 1786. He completed his studies at Glasgow University, and in 1808, came to America and joined his father, who was laboring as a minister in Washington county, Pennsylvania. In 1811 he married Margaret Brown. Shortly after his marriage, he removed to and settled at the present site of the town of Bethany. Here, in his own house, he opened a school which was designed to prepare young men for the ministry. It was called Buffalo Academy, and resulted in the founding of Bethany College. He died in 1866. Alexander Campbell was the chief founder of the religious demonination original­ ly known as "Disciples of Christ," sometimes called "Campbellites," and now designated as the Christian Church. He spent a long and active life preaching the doctrines he believed and in establishing churches and institutions intended to diffuse education and theological knowledge. Patrick Gass, author of Gass' Joumal of the Lewis and Clarke Expedition to the far North­ west, was long a resident of Brooke county. He was bom near the present site of Cham­ bersburg, Pennsylvania, June 12th, 1771. His family soon afterward moved to Maryland, but after a short stay returned to Pennsylvania, settling near the present site of Washington, in Washington county, and from 1792 until after the War of 1812-14. Gass was continously en­ gaged with the army or in various expeditions. His Joumal is one of the most valuable sources of information on the famous Lewis and Clarke Expedition. Mr. Gass died April 2nd, 1870, aged nearly ninety-nine years. He was the last survivor of the expedition above re­ ferred to. Other municipalities in Brooke county are Follansbee, which had a population of 4,841 in 1930 and Holliday's Cove with a population of 4,480 in 1930.

C3\J PAGE ELEVEN

2&o

CABELL COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

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CABELL COUNTY, established in 1809 from part of Kanawha county is in the southwestern part of the state, on the Ohio river. It was named in honor of William H. Cabell, governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808. Its land area is 261 square miles. The population of the county was 90,786 in 1930. The seven magisterial districts in the county are Barboursville, Gideon, Grant, Guyandott, Kyle, McComas and Union, Gideon and Kyle being included in the City of Huntington. Huntington, the present county seat, located on the Ohio river, 564 feet above sea level, was established in 1871 and took its name from Collins P. Huntington, the then president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. The county seat was moved from Barboursville to Huntington in the early 1890's. Although one of the youngest cities of the state, Huntington is now the most populous with a population of 75,572 in 1930. Marshall College, established in 1838 as Marshall Academy and then as a college in 1858, is located at Huntington. This school came into state control in 1867 as a State Normal school. In 1920 it was made a State Teacher's college. In 1924 a college of Arts and Science was also organized. Other state and federal institutions that are located at or near Huntington are: The Huntington State Hospital, which was established in 1903, as the West Virginia Home for Incurables for the care and treatment of epileptics, idiots and other feeble minded of the same general class. The scope of the hospital has been enlarged and is now a sanitarium for the treatment of insane, feeble-minded, drug addicts, and others suffering from like disorders. The Colored Orphans Home, which was established for colored orphan children, and The State Industrial Home for colored girls, are located on the same farm in Hunt­ ington. The State Home for aged and infirm colored men and women, which was removed to Huntington from Charleston in 1927 is also located in this city. The Veterans Hospital, established in 1932 by the Federal Govemment, and maintained by it for the treatment and care of disabled veterans of the World War, is also located at Huntington. Barboursville, established as a town in 1813, on the lands of William Merritt, was incorporated in 1849. It had a population of 1,508 in 1930. It was formerly the county seat of the county and is the site of Morris-Harvey College, a denominational school maintained by the West Virginia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Milton, another municipality in Cabell county, had a population of 1,305 in 1930. PAGE TWELVE CALHOUN COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

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CALHOUN COUNTY, an agricultural, oil and gas producing county, was formed from a part of Gilmer county in 1856 and was named for John C. Calhoun, the eminent statesman from South Carolina. It has a land area of 286 square miles. Its population was 10,866 in 1930. Cen­ ter, Lee, Sheridan, Sherman, and Washing­ ton are its five magisterial districts. The county maintains a county high school. When Calhoun County was formed, the act creating it provided for the county seat to be located at Pine Bottom at the mouth of Yellow Creek, or at Big Bend, on the Little Kanawha River. The first meeting of the court was held at the house of Joseph W. Burson, and when the first session of court adjourned, it was to meet at neither Pine Bottom nor Big Bend, but at the residence of Peregrine Hays on the West Fork. Court was held here from September 1856 until August 1857. At that time two courts were in session, one at Amoldsburg, and another at the house of Collins Betts on the Little Kan­ awha River. By an agreement between opposing factions, it was decided that courts should be held at the mouth of Yellow Creek — later Brookville. A contract was let for building a court house, but legal proceedings were instituted and on June 15, following, court again convened at Amoldsburg, and continued to be held there until 1869. The matter now seemed to be settled and the erection of a substantial brick building was begun at Ar- noldsburg. After the basement story of cut stone had been completed at a cost of $1,500.00, the question was once again agitated and this time the county seat of justice was moved to Grantsville. Here a frame court house was erect­ ed but destroyed by fire before it was occupied. Another was erected on the same site and was occupied until 1880 when the present brick build­ ing was erected. Grantsville, on the Little Kanawha river, is the county seat and has elevation above sea level of 726 feet. Its population was 1,018 in 1930. This is the only municipality in the county. Amoldsburg, another town of Calhoun coun­ ty, was named for Charles Amold who patented the land on which it stands. It was established as a postoffice in 1832. PAGE THIRTEEN

CLAY COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON, W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA

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CLAY COUNTY was organized in 1858 from parts of Braxton and Nicholas counties, and was named in honor of the great Kentuckian, Henry Clay, the great Whig leader, who would "rather be right than be President," was an especial favorite of Western Virginians, and who, thirty years before his death had been paid the signal honor of having a monument erected to him at Wheeling, West Virginia to commemorate his success in having the National Road built to that place. It was erected in 1820 by Colonel Moses Shepherd at Monument Place, Wheeling. It is still standing and is one of the sights of that city. Henry Clay was one of the greatest political leaders of his day, though he was thwarted in his ambition to be the President of the United States. He was a candidate for that high office on three separate occasions, 1824- 1832-1844. Clay county is an agricultural and grazing county with important coal developments, lying on the Elk river, and has an area of 332 square miles. The county's popula­ tion in 1930 was 13,125. The five magisterial districts of the county are Buffalo, Henry, Otter, Pleasant and Union. Clay, formerly known as Clay Court House, is the county seat. In the act, creating the county, it was provided that the seat of justice should be located on the McCalgin farm opposite the mouth of Buffalo Creek, and should be called Marshall. In 1863 the legislature changed the name to Henry and later to Clay Court House. The post office was designated as Clay and at the legislative session of 1927, the name of the town was officially changed to Clay. It has in elevation of 708 feet and a 1930 popula­ tion of 444. PAGE FOURTEEN

DODDRIDGE COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA.

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DODDRIDGE COUNTY, formed in 1845 from parts of Harrison, Tyler, Ritchie and Lewis Counties, was named for Philip Doddridge, a distinguished lawyer of western Virginia. It is a grazing and agricultural county, with oil, gas and coal as its important natural resources. The county has an area of 317 square miles, and a population of 10,488 as shown by the 1930 census. Central, Cove, Grant, Greenbrier, McClellan, New Milton, Southwest and West Union are the eight magisterial districts. West Union situated on Middle Island Creek, at an elevation above sea level of 836 feet, is the county seat. In 1930 its population was 984. The town was first called Lewisport in honor of Lewis Maxwell who owned the land on which it was started. When Doddridge County was formed in 1845, the name of tie town was changed to West Union and designated as the seat of jasitce for the new county. FAYETTE COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

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PAYETTE COUNTY, one of the largest counties of the state, both in area and population, was created in 1831 from parts of Kanawha, Green­ brier, Nicholas and Logan counties, and named in honor of the distinguish­ ed Frenchman, Marquis de La Fay­ ette. Its land area is 666.5 square miles and the population of the county in 1930 was 72,050. The seven magis­ terial districts of Fayette county are: Fayetteville, Falls, Kanawha, Moun­ tain Cove, Nuttall, Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont. Fayette is one of the leading coun­ ties of the state in the production of coal, with timber as another important natural resource. The Kanawha river begins at Gauley Bridge, in this coun­ ty, being formed by the junction of the New and Gauley rivers. The New River Gorge, which contains the famous Hawks Nest, is a panorama of striking scenic beauty. Fayetteville, the county seat, was established in 1837, on a high pleateau at an elevation of 1,850 feet. Its population was 1,143 in 1930. The town was originally known as Vand­ alia, situated on the lands of Abraham Vandal, and was that year made the seat of justice supplanting another young town known as New Haven, lo­ cated on the lands of Miles Manser near the site of the present Ansted. The other important incorporated cities and towns in this county, with their 1930 populations are: Montgom­ ery, 2,906 (The New River State School of normal grade is located at Montgomery); Mount Hope, 2,361; Oak Hill, 2,076; Ansted, 1,404; Pax, 608; and Thurmond, 462; Powellton and Boomer, unincorporated, in 1930 had populations of 1,323 and 1,213 respectively. McKendree Hospital No. 2, is located at McKendree as a state institution.

Tl > m

-n n m ni 2 PAGE SIXTEEN T^esgee

GILMER COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

Scale. J*Ti t CJ * m S c 6 O O ' S

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA.

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GILMER COUNTY, in the central portion of the state, and through which flows the Little Kanawha River, was established in 1845, from parts of Lewis and Kanawha Counties. Included in the new county was all the terri­ tory now embraced in Calhoun County. It takes its name from Thomas Walker Gilmer, Governor of Virginia, a member of Congress and Secretary of the Navy in President John Tyler's cabinet. The county has an area of 331 square miles and in 1930 had a population of 10,641. It is principally an agricultural and cattle and sheep grazing county, with some horticulture. The county has had a considerable oil and gas development in recent years, and coal exists in commercial quantities in some parts, principally the eastern section. The four magisterial districts of the county are: Center, DeKalb, Glenville and Troy. Thomas "Walker Gilmer was a lawyer by profession, but early in his career embarked on the sea of politics. He served as a member of the Assembly of Virginia from 1829 to 1840, with the exception of two sessions of that body, having served as speaker at the sessions of 1838 and 1839. He was elected governor in 1840, but resign­ ed in a few months to accept a seat in the national congress. He served in the latter body until February 14th, 1844, when he was appointed Secretary of the Navy by resident John Tyler. He was killed on February 28th, 1844, just fourteen days after his appointment as a member of the President's cabinet, by the bursting of a gun on >ard the United States man-of-war, Princeton, at Mount Vernon. Glenville, located on the Little Kanawha River, is the county seat of Gilmer County, having held that position since the formation of the county, except for part of the •t year of the county's existence. When the county was formed the act creating it provided that the first court should be held, and the county government organized, at the :e of Salathiel G. Stalnaker, at DeKalb, also located on the Little Kanawha River, but at a point lower down the stream. The act left to the people of the new county election of a site for the permanent seat of justice. At the first meeting of the county court a bitter fight started for the removal of the county seat from the place to st meeting. The present site of Glenville was selected by the "removalists" as a desirable location, although the place then was known only as "The Ford," being the it which the state road leading from Weston to Charleston crossed the Little Kanawha River. An election was held on May 26th, 1845, to decide between the two 'The Ford" won by sixty-six votes. When the court met to canvass the vote at this election, it was alleged that the majority vote had been obtained by fraudulent s and an effort made to stay the removal. This failing, an order was secured holding the seat of government at DeKalb until suitable buildings could be erected at location. The meager county records were finally carried by stealth and in the night time to "The Ford" and the seat of justice permanently established there. The ity building to be completed and occupied at "The Ford was a log jail, completed in 1846. The first jail used by the new county was a part of the residence of G. Stalnaker at DeKalb. The town of Glenville was laid out in 1845, by Samuel H. Hays, on lands belonging to William H. Ball, and originally called Hartford. of the Virginia Assembly passed in 1856, the name was changed to Glenville, suggested by Colonel Currence B. Conrad, because of the "glen or valley" in which ;ed. The town has an elevation of 734 feet above sea level, and in 1930 had a population of 799. :nville State Norma! School, a state institution located at Glenville, and for many years spoken of as the "Glenville Normal," was established by legislative act in s opened for the registration and admission of students in 1873. The first building occupied by the school was donated to the state by the citizens of Glenville. minicipalities in Gilmer County are Layopolis, better known as Sand Fork, which had a population in 1930 of 198; and Troy, with a population of 101. PAGE SEVENTEEN

GRANT COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

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GRANT COUNTY, formed from Hardy County in 1866, and named in honor of Ulysses Simpson Grant, lies wholly in the drainage basin of the Potomac River. It is one of the agricultural, horticultural and grazing counties of the South Branch Valley, with a considera­ ble coal development in its western edge where there is six seams of workable coal. The county has an area of 461 square miles and had a population of 8,441 in 1930. It is di­ vided into three magisterial districts, Grant, Milroy and Union. General Ulysses Simpson Grant, was a dis- tinugished Union general in the Civil war, and eighteenth president of the United States. Several eminent men had held the position as commander in chief of the Union forces from the beginning of the Civil War to the time General Grant was selected for this position, but each in his turn had been demoted by the Federal Government. It was suggested to Congress that the position of Lieutenant General be again revived, which prior to this time had been held by only one man and that General George Washing­ ton. This congress did, and on March 1st, 1864, President Lincoln nomi­ nated for this place General Grant, the next day, the Senate confirmed his nomination, and on March Sth, Grant was summoned by telegraph to Washington to receive his commission and take the position of command­ er in chief. He was introduced to the President and his cabinet on March 9th, and from thence forth he was in command of all the Union forces in the Civil War. He is said to have been the only Union commander who was able to cope with General Robert E. Lee, commander in chief of the Confederate armies. It was to General Grant, to whom General Lee surrendered his forces at Appomattox Court House, in Virginia, on April 9th, 1865, virtually ending the Civil War. General Grant was born April 27th, 1822, at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio; died July 23rd, 1885, and is entombed in Riverside Park, New York City. The famous Fairfax Stone, which marks the southwestern corner of the State of Maryland, is located at the extreme western angle of Grant county. It was planted by surveyors for Lord Fairfax on the 17th of October, [6, and marked the extreme western limits of his grant of the "Northern Neck" of Virginia. It also marks the id spring or fountain of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Petersburg, the county seat, located on the South Branch of the Potomac, at an elevation of 937 feet, had a julation of 1,410 in 1930. It is the site of St. John's Academy, an institution of secondary learning, main- ned by the Lutheran Church. \y'* IBayard, in the western section, with a 1930 population of 743 is the only other municipality in the county. > . Botetourt, O J rains it. It Is m JI 998 square miles. m While rich in natural re- 0 . ene important agricultural and x -i great mother of counties in southern m m z ...i districts are: Lewisburg, Meadow Bluff, Williams- ...nur, Fort Spring, Anthony's Creek, Irish Corner, Blue filing Springs and Frankford. The Lewisburg Presbyterian Church is the oldest church in West Virginia, west of the Allegheny mountains, having been formed in 1783, Greenbrier Military Academy, organized in 1812 as Lewisburg Acad < my and Greenbrier College for Women, both maintained by the Southern Pres­ byterian Church, are located at Lewisburg. GREENBRIER COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA.

White Sulphur Springs, one of the most cele­ PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. brated watering places in all the south is located in the county. It had a 1930 population of 1,484. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. The springs were known to the Indians for their COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY curative properties and as early as 1772, the pion­ eers carried their sick to the place for baths and to drink the water. Since 1818 the Springs have been operated as a watering place and summer resort. In its time it has entertained the great of two continents.

Other incorporated towns in the county with their 1930 population are: Alderson, on the Green­ brier River, lies in both Greenbrier and Monroe counties and was named for Rev. John Alderson, the first Baptist preacher west of the Alleghen- ies. Alderson has a population of 1,458. Falling Springs, 355; East Rainelle, 1,272; Marfranee, (Unincorporated) 1,066; Rainelle, 920; Frankfort, (Unincorporated) was the first permanent settle­ ment in the county. Ronceverte, 2,254; this is the '"•"T-"*! municipality in the county and was in- _ — ted in 1882. SjAjJk HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, lies in the South Branch Valley, and is wholly within the drain­ age basin of the Potomac River. Its principal water courses are the South Branch of the nac and the Great Cacapon rivers. It is • county in West Virginia, having cted late in the year 1753, from parts HAMPSHIRE COUNTY Jrederick and Augusta Counties, but not or- itil 1757. It was named by Lord WEST VIRGINIA :'::.- for the English shire or county of the ne. A story is told that his Lordship, rove of fine hogs in Winchester, and j^miry from whence they came was ' 3 c 6oo/s ' .Vlir%s!» South Branch Valley; he remark- .', "when a new county was formed to the westward it should be called Hampshire in honor of the shire that was celebrated for its COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE, BELINGTON, W VA fine hogs." PUBLISHING It is an agricult'. rai and grazing county, al­ PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG though many applIce Mountain, on which, even in the hottest days it is claimed ice may be found, although another authority claims that the mountain was named for Frederick Ice, whose family was set upon by the Indians, Mrs. Ice being mas­ sacred, and two sons and two daughters car­ ried into captivity. Frederick Ice, afterwards moved to and settled at Ice's Ferrj . on Cheat River, near Morgantown. Other natural cur­ iosities are Gaudy's Castle, Tea Table and Hanging Rocks. Lord Fairfax, a titled Englishman, to whom a royal grant had been made for a larjre sec­ tion of northern Virginia, and generally !tnown as the "Northern Neck," owned all of the ter­ ritory comprising Hampshire County, as well as many other counties in northern Virginia. The title to this immense domain desce ided from Lord Fairfax, of one generation, to jord Fairfax of the next generation, the last one to hold the title to these vast estates ha\ing died, unmarried, during the Revolutionary War. When the colonies achieved their independence from Great Britain the title to this vast de- main became extinguished. During the days of the French and Indian War, 1754-1761, Hampshire was a frontier re­ gion with its lines of travel protected by rude forts. Fort Cox, at the mouth of Little Caca­ pon river, guarded the road along the Potomac and the trail up the valley of the Little Caca­ pon. Fort Cacapon, at the forks of Cacapon river, guarded what remained of the settlement at the east end of Bloomery Gap and the road toward the important colonial town of Win­ chester, Fort Edward, at Capon Bridge, guarded another line of cummunications to­ wards the 'arne town. Port Pearsoll, a half mile south from where Romney now stands, guarded n important line of travel that had previor 'oped along the South Branch, south chat is now Hardy and Pendle- 1 farther west. Each fort thus /ed as a rallying point for the i ala.m uc'ap given ot Indian i area had been subject to In- lor to the French and Indian r this time the savages were a e, and during the years from idians invaded this territory and killed settlers as far east as the forks iring that time the whole territory of Hampshire county was practically y the few settlers in the immediate vicinity of the forts being able to

county seat, located on the South Branch of the Potomac, has a double the seat of justice of the oldest county in the state, and also the old- 1 in West Virginia. It was laid out in November, 1762, by Lord Fair- ned Romney in honor of a town with a like name in England. The proximity to old Fort Pearsoll, built in 1756, for defense against n elevation of 926 feet above sea level, and in 1930 had a population of 1,441. The West Virginia School for ^••intained by the state is located at Romney.

•'ntion of 192, is the only other municipality in the It occupies the site of old Fort Ed TJ > c •«8tern part of the county, was established in 1790 and named for m z z m H m P! Z PAGE TWENTY

HANCOCK COUNTY, is the extreme northern county of the northern panhandle of the state, and its southern boundary is al­ most parallel with the center of the city of Pittsburgh, Pa. The county is a long narrow strip between the western line of the state of Pennsylvania and the Ohio river. It was formed in 1848, from a part of Brooke county, and named for John Hancock. It has an area of eighty-six square miles and is the smallest county in West Virginia. It is divided into three magisterial districts, Butler, Clay and Grant. Its 1930 population was 28,511. The first court for the county was held at the house of Samuel C. Allison, in then New Manchester, now Pughtown. Hancock is an industrial county, although its agricultural, horticultural and grazing products are of considerable value. The county is the center of the fire clay, fire brick, tile and pottery in­ dustry of the state. It also has a wealth of other natural resources such as iron ore and coal, the latter having been developed to a considerable extent. The first iron furnace west of the Allegheny mountains was erected in 1794 on King's creek, in this county. Cannon balls used by Commodore Perry to batter to pieces the British fleet on Lake Erie, during the War of 1812-1814, were made here and conveyed on pack horses through the wilderness to Pasque Isle, now the city of Erie, Pennsylvania, and there delivered to Perry's ships of war. John Hancock, for whom the county was named, was born in January 12, 1737, in Massachusetts. Hancock was a little more than five years the junior of General George Washington. He was President of the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, in 1774-75, president of the Continental Congress of the Colonies, later the United States of America, 1775-1777. The first signer of the Declaration of Independence, on July 4th, 1776 with a signature the most bold appearing on that document; history tells us that Hancock exclaimed he would write it large, so that the King of England could readily read it without glasses. He was Governor of Massachusetts for two terms, 1780-85 and 1787-93. He died October Sth, 1793, when not quite fifty-seven years of age. He was long prominent in public affairs previous to and during the Revo­ lutionary War, and one of the staunchest supporters of the cause of the Colonies. At the mouth of Tomlinson's run, which flows into the Ohio river just above the town of Moscow, in the summer of 1782, oc­ curred the famous fight in pioneer history between the Poe broth­ ers, Adam and Andrew, and two Wyandotte Indians, one of them a most outstanding chief of his tribe. The Poes were success­ ful in killing both Indians, although Adam was severely wounded in the encounter by a blow from a tomahawk in the hands of the chief, and shot in the shoulder from the gun of one of the men who were trailing the party of eight Indians along with the Poes, and who mistook Adam for one of the red skins when he was in the river where the two antagonists had fallen during their combat. The chief threw himself into the river before he died to avoid having his scalp taken by the whites and his body was never found. Adam Poe was a celebrated Indian scout on the western Virginia border, and was a man of large stature and with almost superhuman strength. The Wyandotte chief was also very large and of exceptional bodily strength, as well as a great leader of his tribe. This Indian had one attribute possessed by but few red men, in that he would not permit his tribe to torture or kill their white captives or prisoners. The chief had four brothers killed at the battle, all of them being the most distinguished warriors and chiefs among the Wyandotte Nation. New Cumberiand, the county seat, is located on the Ohio River, has an altitude of 667 feet above sea level, and in 1930 had a pop­ ulation of 2,300. Tha town was laid out in 1839 by John Cuppy, and was originally celled Vernon. The name was later changed to New Cumberland in d. ference to the wishes of some of the early lot purchasers. The act reating Hancock county left the selection of a site for the seat of istice to the people. New Manchester, later Fairview, now Plight' vn, and New Cumberland, were the only two towns voted upon for .hat honor. New Cumberland received a ma­ jority of thirteen vo' s at the first election held for that purpose, but the court refuser to move the seat of justice there. At the sec­ ond election, held / pril 25th, 1850, i rraiority of forty-six votes HANCOCK were polled for Nev Cumberland. The courts *ere reraoved there after some delay, but a new dispute arose as to the location of the court house. While this was pending, in 1852, the advocates for New Manchester obtained a third election, which resulted in a ma­ jority of one vote for that place and the courts were returned there. The county seat remained there until New Cumberland obtained its removal to the latter place. Weirton, an unincorporated town of about 20,000 population, located near the <^hio river in the southwestern part of the county, COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA. has had o" >f the most phenomenal growths of any city in the state. T' 'ust farm land when purchased by the Weirton Steel PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO Corrr 0. This company, however, constructed their larg- CLSHX5BUR6. W. VA >on this property and established a town thereon. t property now operated by the National Steel the large independent steel companies of the

adustriai city, with a 1930 population of 3,701, o river, in the extreme northern end of the coun- nanufacturing centers of the county. ", lying in both Hancock and Brook counties, is iest settlement in the county. Holli- 1776. The town had a population of 4,480 in

••: was originally known as New Mai Chester and of the older towns of the county. About the h located a large tract of land embracing the wn, and in 1810 laic! a portion o ' it off into -. seat of justice of the county.

-effiGRZ PAGE TWENTY-ONE

HARDY COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

HARDY COUNTY, in the tier of South Branch Valley counties, is an agricultural, horticultural and grazing county, with timber as an important natural res was formed in 1785 from part of Hampshire County, and is the seventh oldest county in what is now West Virginia. It lias an area of 675.52 square miles, and in 1 a population of 9,816. It was named for Samuel Hardy, a distinguished Virginian, who died a few months prior to its formation. The county has four magisterial dis Capon, Lost River, Moorefield and South Fork. Hardy County, by reason of its availability, was settled very early after the wave of white men broke over the eres-; of the Alleghenies. The pioneer. from Indian depredations. The whole county was well-dotted with pioneer forts and block-houses for use of the early seti-lers and their families as a protec!: dian incursions. Some of these forts dating from the very earliest settlements. Within the limits of the county, in the spring of 1756, was fought the memorable battle .-. The Trough. It was fought between pioneers of the South Branch Valley and the Shawnee Indians, under the famous chief Killbuck, on the other. The whites were. annihilated. This battle occurred in the spring following the defeat and destruction of General Braddock's Army on the banks of the Monongahela River, abo1 then Fort Duquesne, and when the entire western Virginia border was laid open to the raids of hostile Indians. At the tim I of this battle, there were quartered at 1 ant, about one and one-half miles above the battle ground and within hearing of the report of every gun, a company of regulars, commanded by a British off ic ner, who not only refused to march a man out of the fort to the assistance of the whites, but when the settlers at the fort seized thv\t rifles and determined to of their unfortunate brothers, Wagner ordered the gates of the fort to be closed and suffered none to pass in or out. Chief Killbuck afterwards admitted that this was the hardest fought battles he had ever witnessed considering the number of whites engaged. Killbuck was a Shawnee, a savage of strong mental powers, and one we. quainted with many of the families of the South Branch Valley. He is often heard of in Indian warfare on the border. The earliest permanent settlers in the present territory west of the South Branch Valley came from these early settlements in Hardy County. It was i John Pringle made his way for a fresh supply of ammunition from his wilderness home near the present town of Buckhannon, and from this point the Prin^l ' pany who composed the first permanent settlement on the Buckhannon River. It was to the settlements in the South Branch Valley in Hardy County to which Eckarly went for salt and ammunition after he and his brothers had made a settlement on the "Dunkard Bottom" in nc '*" Preston County, and was arrest* Fort Pleasant as an Indian spy. Many other early settlers migrated from the settlements in Hardy county to counties in lorthern West Virginia. The Reymann Memorial Farm, a state-owned experimental farm, which was the gift of Anton and Paul 0. Reymann, is located just north of the- wwn This farm comprises 930 acres of land lying on the Cacapon river, on which is kept one of the finest herds of pure bred Ayreshire cattle in the United S conducted under the direction of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, and a co-operative agreement with the United States Department i Moorefield, the county seat, is located on the east side of the junction of the South Branch of the Potomac and the Moorefield rivers. It is built upoi plain of the two rivers, with an elevation of 820 feet above sea level. The town was established by an act of the Virginia Assembly in 1777, when t1 part of Hampshire County, on the lands of Conrad Moore, from whom it took its name. Its population was 734 in 1930. Wardensville, on the Cacapon river, with a population in 1930 of 189, is the only other municipality in tho county. It was laid out in 1827 and es was formerly known as Trout Run, and has an elevation of 1,011 feet above sea level. The town is the terminus of the Winchester & Western Railroac ping point for a wide section of country. PAGE TWENTY-TWO HARRISON COUNTY WEST VIRGIKiA

COMPILED BY JOHN H ICE, BELINGTON, W VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKS'JURG PUBLISHING CO.,

HARRISON Ol I'TY, 1784 from part of Monongalia county, took its name from Benja^i'' H. • guished Virginian who vas one of the signers of the Declaration of J nor of Virginia, 1781 to 1784, and the father of William Henry nt of the United States, and the great-grand­ father of Benjami third President. '" I OPSHUR It contains lar • under development, important industries and manufacturing plants and in addition, is one of the foremost agricultural and grazing counties in the state. It is th '•' northern West irginia, for all or part of sixteen counties have been carved from the territory of Harrison county which originally extended from the top of the Alle Ohio River stkd between Monongalia county on the north and Kanawha county on the south. It had a population of 78,567 in 1930. Its area is 417.85 square miles '! "into ten magisterial districts, Clark, Clay, Coal, Eagle, Elk, Grant, Sardis, Simpson, Ten Mile and Union. Clarksburg, tl. -tablished in October, 1 785, named for General George Rogers Clarke, the able Revolutionary General, who conquered the Northwest Territory and eld it for the A... ment. Clarksburg is located on the West Fork river at the mouth of Elk Creek. Its elevation above sea level is about 1,000 feet, while the popula- Confederate States army during late Civil War. He is : ' -he greatest military strategists the world has ever produced. Military observers from nearly every country in Europe were sent to the United ues during the Civil War thods of handling arr lies, and his strategy in battles. He died May 10, 1863, from wounds received at the hands of his own soldiers shortly after 1 lattle of Chancellorsville in nia, md is buried at Le% K ton, Virginia, where he was a professor in the Virginia Military Institute before the War. nother prominent man of Har mty was Governor .j oseph Johnson, who has the distinction of being the only individual selected as a governor of Virginia who resided west of the •eny Mountains. number of stockade forts and t/l nouses were erected rnd maintained in the original territory of Harrison county for the protection of the pioneer settlers and their families, before ing the American Revolution ai ie Indian Wars. In this territory many Indian forays were made against the early settlers and many of them were massacred and scalped by the

ither important municipaliti • count; tions are: Salem, chartered in 1794 and laid out by Samuel Fitz Randolph of New Jersey and named for Salem, ;y; had a papulation of 2,'J -•> the site of Salem College, inajiiLai.ied by the Seventh Day Baptists. The West Virginia Industrial Home for Girls, a state correctii nai insti- wayward girls, is also lotat. Salera. Shinnston, nr med in honor of the Shinn family, established in 1818, had a population of 2,802; Nutter Fort, named for the pioneer fort laintained by Captain T1, iter as a refuge for the early settlers before and during the American Revolution and the Indian Wars, 1,825; Bridgeport, establish?, in 1816 • of Hon. Joseph Johr.-c arly known as Powers Fort, 1,567; Lumberport, 1,289; and West Milford, 349. PAGE TWENTY-Tl

JACKSON COUNTY ^NN WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA.

JACKSON COUNTY, lying on PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. the Ohio river, was formed in 1831 CLARKSBURG. W- VA. from parts of Kanawha, Mason and PU.UI.I.S COMPANY Wood counties, and has a land area of 461 square miles. It is largely an agricultural and grazing county, horticulture is also engaged in to some extent. The county enjoys a good oil and gas development. The 1930 population was 16,124. It was named in honor of Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory," seventh President of the United States, the idol of the American people at the time the county was formed. The five magisterial districts of the county are: Grant, Ravenswood, Ripley, Union and Washington. The place of birth of Andrew Jackson has been disputed for many years, but most authorities agree that it was at the Waxhaw Settlement, on the border of North and South Carolina, the date March 15th, 1757. As a boy he served in the Revolutionary army. A lawyer by profession, he soon embarked oh a career of public service. He served in both houses of Congress, and then became con­ spicuous during the War of 1812- 1814, first in a campaign against the Creek Indians, and then in his defense of New Orleans against the British. The battle of New Orleans being fought after peace had been declared between the two countries but unknown to the armies of both opposing forces at the time. Jackson was a candidate for the Presidency in 1824 against John Quincy Adams, but unsuccess­ ful. In 1828 he was a candidate for President and successful, and was re-elected in 1832. His ad­ ministration was marked by long and bitter party battles and politi­ cal controversies, including the United States Bank, nullification, and tariff agitation. In character Jackson was bluff, stern, uncom­ promising and fearless in carrying out the programs he planned. He fought many duels during his long and stormy career. His death oc- curred_ at the "Hermitage," near Nashville, Tennessee, on Januarv Sth, 1845.

The first settlement in Jackson county was planted by William Hannaman, Benjamin Cox and Wil­ liam McDade, in May, 1796, when they settled in what is now Union District. Hannaman and Cox be­ came actual settlers, but McDade was an Indian scout who traversed the banks of the Ohio and the ter­ ritory between the Great and Little Kanawha Rivers with his rifle and faithful dog. The first white child born in the county was a son of William Hannaman in 1797; the first marriage was between Philip Buffington and Sarah Hughes. The first school house was erected in 1806, and the first school was taught by Andrew Hushan in 1807, with fifteen pupils in attendance. The first mill in the county was a hand-mill owned and operated by Andrew Hushan in 1799, and this was replaced by a horse-power mill in 1802, owned and operated by Benjamin Wright on the present site of Cottageville. The declining days of Jesse Hughes, the famous scout and Indian fighter, were spent in this connty near Ravens­ wood. He died there in 1829. Ripley, established in 1832, is the county seat. It was laid out on the lands of Jacob Starcher and nam­ ed for Harry Ripley, a young min­ ister who was drowned in Big Mill Creek, a short distance above the town, on which stream the town is located. The land was original­ ly owned by William Parsons, and has been the county seat since 1833, in which year Jacob Starcher donated the land for­ the public square on which the court house now stands. The first court for the county was held at the residence of John Warth at the mouth of Big Mill Creek. The town has an elevation above sea level of 614 feet. Its population in 1930 was 669. Ravenswood, on the Ohio river, was officially established in 1852, and was laid out on lands originally owned by George Washington. The original tract contained 2,448 acres and was surveyed for its owner by Colonel William Crawford in the summer of 1771. The same Colonel Crawford was later captured by the Indians and burned at the stake at one of their towns in Ohio. In 1810 Lawrence Lane and William Bailey settled on part of this land and cleared about forty acres of it. The land was inherited by a number of Washington's grandnieces, two of whom were Henrietta S., wife of Henry Fitzhugh, and Lucy Fitzhugh, later the wife of Arthur Payne. These two descendants of Washington and their husbands had the town laid out in 1835. It had a population of 1,189 in 1930. FGE TWENTY-FOUR

JEFFERSON WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON, W. VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

ip of the Eastern Panhandle, and ', was formed in 1801 from part of mas Jefferson, author of the Dec- • f the University of Virginia, and It is an agricultural and hor­ ae and Shenandoah rivers, with ^pulation in 1930 was 15,780. ial districts: Charles Town, I 'arper's Ferry, n : established in 1786 and takes its name from . was located. He was a broth r of the First i Town has an elevation of feet above sea i 1980. It is famed as the pla ' the trial and . olitionist. cklenburg, nnd laid out by Th > Shepherd in State Normal School, a state tational insti- experimented with his steambr id here is the monument to his lulation of the town in 1930 w *8. 1 most eastern town in the si with an elevation of but 240 ferry in 1748, the first wet the Blue Ridge and as a town ! 1851. It was named in honor of V )bert Harper who settled near ', Trie raid of John Brown, in 185! , on the government arsenal : .ao. Storer College, a school of higher leaming for Negroes is I n Jefferson county, with their popula dons as shown by the 1930 livar. 616. PAGE TWENTY-FIVE

cP^vS

t\dy \w ( BOON E

KANAWHA COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA t '. i t $ca.l<- f/'tes

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON, W VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W VA. il i:. .1 j CL-ARKSBURC fubi.i

KANAWHA COUNTY, formed in 1789, from parts of Greenbrier and Montgomery counties, ranks first among the counties of the state in population and taxable wealth, and third in size, with a land area of 914.39 square miles. Its population in 1930 was 157,667. The county received its name from its principal river, that flows through it, which was named from an Indian tribe once dwelling in the county. The ten magisterial districts into which the county is subdivided are: Big Sandy, Cabin Creek, Charleston, Elk, Jefferson, Loudin, Maiden, Poca, Union and Washington.

jfjOTA MH The county is rich in such natural resources as coal, oil and gas, all of which have been extensively developed, , *£**.,* Scfi~- and which have attracted to the county many industries and manufacturing plants. The section of the Kanawha Valley at, and near Charleston is the location of many large chemical plants and is known as one of the great chemical manufacturing centers of the United States. Agriculture and grazing are also extensively engaged in. %S-d Charleston, the county seat, is located at the junction of tha Elk and Great Kanawha rivers. It occupies a portion of the valley of those two streams, town by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia in 1795. Its first settler was George Clendenin, on whose land the town was laid out and establish^ court for the county was held. The place was then known as Clendenin's Fort, which had been designated as the seat of justice at the formation of the cou lished at Charlestown, in honor of Charles Clendenin, the father of George. Because two other towns in what is now West Virginia bore the same names, it Charleston and sometimes designated as Charleston-on-the-Kanawha. It has an altitude of 601 feet above sea level, and in 1930 had a population of 60, Charleston became the Capital of the state April 1st, 1870, and so remained until May 21, 1875 when the official seat of State Government was moved I LI of the state, and where it remained until May 1, 1885. Then the archives and records were again returned to Charleston as the permanent seat of govemmc electors of the state. South Charleston, a suburb of the larger town from which it takes its name, is the site of the United States Armor Plate Plant, and several important cbel a broad river bottom, once the site of a popular Mound Builder City. A large mound in the center of the town is the last remaining monumeut to this mys the valley in the dim morning of time and who vanished leaving no records except extensive earthworks and large mounds. It was incorporated in 1917. Acco had a population of 5,904. St. Albans, at the mouth of Coal River, has been long recognized as an important center, and the natural outlet for the Coal River Valley, and in 1930 h on the Kanawha river, a few milv " Charleston, was long the center of the salt industry of the Kanawha Valley. It furnished salt for the p; »i West Virginia, and in early days was a tra • the people of Charleston. Clendenin, located on Elk River, at the mouth of Big Sandy Creek, i? an extensive oii and gas development and plav. Tf had a 1930 population of 1,217. Dunbar, on the Kanawha river, a few miles below Charles on, is another import turing center, and was incorporated in 1921. It h;. i tion of 4,189. The West Virginia Collegiate Institute, located ; T,istitute, in this eour the state. It wis established ir^^gl, by an act of the I he State School for Colored Deaf and Blind, establis led in 1926, is also located at Inst rr4 ties in the countAwMuygfiMggii jtons as shown by the 1930 census returns are: Marmet, 1,200; Cedar Grove. 1,110; Eastbank, 476; Pratt, 325; Osbon. 'isgow, i)«. PAGE TWENTY-SIX L***"^

The Weston State Hospital for the Insane is located at Weston, being the first public institution of West Vir­ ginia, having been established by the State of Virginia in 1858 as the Trans- Allegheny Lunatic Asylum. Work on LEWIS COUNTY the building started in 1860 and was well under way at the outbreak of the Civil War. Upon the organization of WEST VIRGINIA of the new state, its name was chang­ ed to the West Virginia Hospital for Scale MiI&s the Insane. The present main building * • s c A o o / J is said to be the largest hand cut stone building in the United States.

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE, BELINGTON, W VA. Jackson's Mill, in this county, being the old Jackson homestead and farm, PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO and the boyhood home of the famous

C JRKSBURG. W. VA. Confederate general, Thomas J.

COPYRIGHT 11.13 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY ("Stonewall") Jackson is the location of the state supported 4-H camp for boys and girls. The 4-H work origi­ nated in West Virginia, but rapidly LEWIS COUNTY, in the central part of the state, was formed in 1816, from part of Harrison county, and has spread over the entire country. ea of 391.35 square miles. In 1930 jta population was 21,794. It was named after Colonel Charles Lewis, a 5 soldier and leader among the Virginia Pioneers, who was killed at the battle of Point Pleasant on Octo- 1774, which was fought between I e southern wing of Lord Dunmore's army and the Ohio Indians under the ed Chief Cornstalk. county has well developed natu- resources of oil and gas, and is also an agricultural and horticultural It has five magisterial districts •illins Settlement, Court House, Freeman's Creek, Hacker's Creek and k. n the county seat, located on West Fork of the Monongahela river at the mouth of Stone Coal Creek, shed in 1818 on the lands ot ry Flesher and was first called Preston in honor of James P. Preston, •or of Virginia. During the sa year the county of Preston was organized; this created a situation un- °'>^Vp people of the town. February ;i0, 1819, the Virginia Assembly authorized the changing of the name to in honor of the first settler of the town. This name was also unsatisfactory to the people, and on December 19, 1819 the Assembly again changed the name of the town from i Weston. It ha- elevaticn of 1,009 feet and a 1930 popuk tion of 8,646. the only other ' town in the county, is located on lands originally patented to Jacob Bonnett, but laid out in 1835 by and on lands ''•-"ing to Lowis Max- honor of h' o (Lewi;;) Maxwell. PAGE TWENTY-SEVEN

LINCOLN COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

"HYY COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA. /./PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. • » C\ ADKCRimr. IA/ ua

LINCOLN COUNTY, erected since the formation of the sta- « organized in 1867 from parts of Boone, Cabell, Kanawha ar"" was named in honor of Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President ot th< has a land area of 418 square miles, which is divided into e' :h1 magist' Carroll, Duval, Harts Creek, Jefferson, Laurel Hill, Sherida-., ;.r; n and The population of the county as shown by the 1930 census vas 1' ,'. a diversity of natural resources with coal, oil and gas predomi tensive agricultural, horticultural and grazing interests. /y^d^dvy ,, C"0' ^^e §'reat' stand of valuable virgin forest that once exist in this county been practically depleted. The early settlers, in order to make i i ag tural purposes, destroyed much of the valuable timt-.'r, foi commercial value. This destruction continued for approximat y fifty yea; Q to 1870, when some effort was made to market this product Four minab • of coal e in the county, and geologists estimate that the c- has Uion tons yet to be mined. Extensive oil and gas developr . I s '-ave beer >n for several years in the northern part of the county. Althoug source I pleted, it still remains a considerable industry. • once a famous tobacco producing section, thoug' :hia produc • grown as in former years. Abraham Lincoln, for whom the county was named, is one of the foremost figures in American History. His mother, Nancy Hanks, was ' orr on he Doll Mineral County, West Virginia. His grandfather, Abraham Lincoln, Senior, at one time lived with his family on Linville Creek, in Shenandoah ( inia. ward and followed Daniel Boone into Kentucky. While clearing out a farm in Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln was killed by Indians in 1784. At this time r martyred president, was only six years old. He, Thomas, grew to manhood with little or no educational advantages. In 1806 Thomas Lincoln r . self, was exceptionally poor, but of true nobility of character. She died in 1818 before her son Abraham was ten years of age. Thomas Lincol i migrate man-ied his second wife, Mrs. Sarah (Bush) Johnson, she at that time resided in Kentucky, and took care of and trained her step-childrei as fait! Al the little that was taught in the back-woods schools, and was employed in rough farm work until at the age of nineteen he took a cargo on a fla* boat to New ( fir.-i slavery there, made a lasting impression on his mind. When Abraham was twenty-one, his father migrated to central Illinois, where the sn n sisted his i Ang tre< another log cabin and splitting rails for fences. After another trip to New Orleans, he then became a clerk in a general store at New Saler- i;,i,ois. Duri > served for a short time as captain of a company of infantry. A curious coincidence occurred at this time, in that the officer who administeren the c x, whci company, was Jefferson Davis, later first and only president of the Confederate States of America. He later served as village postmast i deputy he studied law and grammar. He was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1834 and served until 1842, at that time living in Springfk" state capital moved from Vandalia to Springfield in 1839. To Springfield came Mary Todd, daughter of Robert Todd of Louisville, Ke. , he was a rising young lawyer. In 1846 Lincoln was elected to Congress but he served but a single term. Wher. the Republican partj • leader in Illinois. Lincoln did not attain national prominence until 1858, when he and Stephen A Douglas were opposing candidates f time they engaged in the now famous Douglas-Lincoln debates. In 1860 Lincoln was made the nominee for President of the Rep'- by one wing of the Democratic party and John C. Breckenridge the other. John Bell was the nominee of an independent group. Is torious, and became the President of the United States. He too't his seat in March, prior to the breaking out of the Civil War in A: year ter s the wa.; and was re-elected for another term in November, 1864 and was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, an actor, while atte- . Washingto on the evening of April 14th, 1865. The Confederacy had been overthrown and the nation was rejoicing over the return of pear ed in America. But just as suddenly the whole nation was plunred into grief for the martyred President. Abraham Lincoln - ing limbs hands and feet, dark complexion, broad, high forehead, deep-set grey eyes, and coarse black hair. He was slender, wiry and ... :on a scorning all trickery and subterfuge, steadfast in principle, sympathetic and charitable. His public life was devoted entirely good of his fellow man. Hamlin, the county seat and chief town, is located in the northern section of the county, five miles from the n • as named ; if Hannibal Ham: • United States, during Lincoln's first administration. The site was selected as a proper place for the county seat at ' . • ion of the n tice by legislative enactment in 1869. The town has an elevation of 642 feet above sea level, and in 1930 had a populat­ > a m -j ? m z LOGAN COUNTY, in the southern tier of counties, -H with an area of 438 square miles, was created in 1824 m ._OGAN COUNTY from parts of Cabell, Kanawha, Giles and Tazewell coun­ o ties. It has sixteen workable seams of coal and is one I WEST VIRGINIA of the most important coal producing counties of the -i state. It was named for Logan, the Indian chieftain, of the Mingo tribe. The county has three magisterial districts, Chapmanville, Logan and Triadelphia. The 1930 population was 58,534. The father of Chief Logan was a Frenchman, cap­ tured when a young boy and adopted by the Oneida tribe. He married a Cayuga girl and rose to a position of much influence among the tribes, so much in fact that he was made a chief by the name of John Shikellimo, and he named his son Logan, in honor of his friend James Logan, Secretary of the Province of Pennsylvania. During his residence with the tribes of Pennsylvania, Logan was noted for his friendship with the whites. About 1772 he moved to Ohio and it was across the Ohio river on the Virginia side from his town on Yellow Creek, that his family was slain by white bordermen. This was one of the acts that started Dunmore's War in 1774. Logan, the county seat, located on the Guyandotte river, was established in 1829 as Lawnsville, the name being later changed to Aracoma, in memory of the daugh­ ter of Chief Cornstalk, and still later to its present name to conform to the name of the post office. It is 682 feet above sea level. Its population was 4,396 in 1930. Mc DOWELL COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA j .1 SwSa. J J

MCDOWELL COUNTY, the southern tip of the state, was formed in 1858 from a part of Tazewell county, Virginia, and named, for James McDowell Governor of Virginia, 1843-1846 ™*™£y*™?**™°* 533square^^^^^^f^^f^ TJ workable coal seams, the development of which has made McDowell the banner coal county of the state. It has six magisterial districts, Adkm, Big Creek, Browns Creek, Elkhorn, Northfork and Sandy River. The county s population was »o,4/j > The —ntv had its difficulties in locating its seat of justice. When the county was first formed, the residence of George W. Payne, on Dry Fork of Tug River about a half mile below Peeryville, now English was designated as the county-seat; and courts m n 1 Ihe *yf^™ ^"i* !! 'Sntil October 1863, after which the county seat was moved about from place to place until October. 1866 when it was located at the mouth of Mill Creek of Tug River. The county seat remained here until 1874, when it was H ™"ryvUk" That town held its place as the metropolis of McDowell county until September, 1892, when the seat of justice was removed to Welch, which was effected after a strenuous political legislative and legal f.ght. i B| m ted in 1893, in the large coal producing section of the county, became the county seat in 1892. It is 1,304 feet above sea level and had a population of 5,376 in 1930. Welch Hospital No. 1, originally established by the state as Miners Hos- 2 H in emergency hospital for medical and surgical cases, is located at Welch. -< -58 in the county, together with their populations as shown by the 1930 census are: Clark, 787; laeger, 1,066; Keystone, 1,897; Kimball, 1,467, and War, 1,392. z 2 m > m H 1 3 •H MARION COUNTY •< WEST VIRGINIA COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE, BELINGTON, W VA.

MARION COUNTY, created in 1842 from parts of Harrison and Monongalia counties, is in the north­ em section of the state and has a land area of 313.55 square miles. Its seven magisterial districts are, Fairmont, Grant, Lincoln, Mannington, Paw Paw, Union and Winfield. The county was named for General Francis Marion of Revolutionary War fame, and known in History as "The Swamp Fox." The county, although in an agricultural and grazing section, has great coal, oil and gas developments and is also the location of many industrial plants. Its 1930 population was 66,665. Fairmont, the county seat, established in 1820 as Middletown, on lands belonging to Boaz Fleming, being then mostly ir: Monongalia county, is located on the Monongahela river just below the junction of the Ty­ garts Valley and West Fork rivers, at an elevation of 883 feet above sea level. By an act of the Virginia Assembly of 1843, the name was changed to Fairmont. In 1930 it had a population of 23,159. The Fairmont State Teachers College, established in 1868 as the Fairmont State Normal School, is located at this place. The school is of normal grade and serves the need of a great section of the state. Fairmont Hospital No. 3, which was established as a miners' hospital but is now an emergency hospital is also located here. Mannington, the center of a great oil and gas development, in earlier years, was incorporated in 1856. It is located at the two main forks of Buffalo Creek. The 1930 census gave it a population of 3,261. Fairview, another municipality, was the center of another extensive oil development in the early years of the oil and gas development in West Virginia. In 1930 it had a population of 836. Other municipalities in the county with their populations as shown by the 1930 census returns are: Farmington, 819; Monongah, 1,909; Rivesville, 1,700 and Worthington, 405. PAGE THIRTY-ONE MARSHALL COUNTY OH/ WEST VIRGINIA '^7

MARSHALL COUNTY, one of the northern counties of the state, was erected in 1835 from part of Ohio County, and has an area of 310 square miles, out of which the county's nine mag isterial districts have been formed — Cameron, Clay, Franklin, Liberty, Meade, Sand Hill, Union, Washington and Webster. The county was named for the eminent jurist, John Marsha for thirty-four years Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. In 1930 it had a population of 39,831. Marshall is both an agricultural and industrial county, with a large number manufacturing plants located in or near its principal cities. Among its natural resource? coal, oil and gas have been extensively developed. Moundsville, the county seat of Marshall county, is located on the Ohio River at the - • uth of Graves Creek. It has an elevation of 689 feet above sea level and a 1930 populr 411. It is a consolidation of two old established towns. The first settlement here was n 'by Joseph Tomlinson in 1770, he established a town on; his property in 1798, and call bethtown, in honor of his wife, and in the same year, he established a ferry across ' I o river. The town was given a legal standing by legislative enactment in 1803, and ii by the same authority in 1830. In 1831, Moundsville was laid out by Simeon Pur'" :;tablished as ". town by legislative enactment in 1832. Elizabethtown became the seat i ment of the county at its organization, and so remained until transferred to M.,,.. The two towns were consolidated as Moundsville by a legislative act of 1866. The town received its name from a mammoth mound, a relic of a vanished race of mound builders. The mound is located near the center of the town, is sixty-nine feet in height, aau hundred feet in circumferer ce at its base. It is one of the largest mounds in the United States, and was discovered by Joseph Tomlinson a short time after he located at the place in '. A large oak tree taken frorr the summit in 1838 indicated by its annular rings, an age of n.ore than five hundred years. The West Virginia Penitentiary, established in 1866, and the s» oldest institution in the st-.te, is located at Moundsville. The other incorporated towns in the county, with populations as shown by the 1930 census are: Benwood, 3,950; Cameron, . Glendale, 799 and McM^nen, 3,710. PAGE THIRTY-TWO

MASON COUNTY, lying on the Ohio Riv­ er, was formed in 1804 from the western part of Kanawha county. Although the county has many industrial plants and has developed its principal natural resource, coal, it is mainly an agricultural, horticultural and live stock coun­ ty. It was named in honor of George Mason, a noted lawyer of Virginia and author of that state's constitution. The formal organization of the county government took place at the residence of William Owens in the town of Point Pleasant. The county has an area of 475 square miles. The 1930 census fixes the population at 20,788. There are ten magisterial districts in the county: Arbuckle, Clendenin, Crlogne, Cooper, Graham, Hannan, Lewis, Robinson, Union and Waggener. Point Pleasant, the county seat, is located at the junction of the Ohio and Great Kanawha rivers at an elevation above sea level of 569 feet. It had a 1930 population of 3,301. The battle of Point Pleasant, fought October 10, 1774, between the confederated Indians under the Shawnee chieftian, Cornstalk, and the Vir­ ginians chiefly from the Valley of Virginia under General Andrew Lewis, was the chief and bloodiest battle of Dunmore's War. The federal and state governments have erected a monument at Point Pleasant to commemorate this event. The battle is generally conceded to be the first battle of the Revolutionary War, notwithstanding the claims of New England and her historians for this honor. Practically all if not all the Patriotic Societies of the Revo­ lution permit applicants to join their Societies who are descended from soldiers who took part in this early battle. The claim is made that it was the plan of the English through Lord Dunmore and other Colonial governors, and agents of the Crown, to stir up the In­ dians to detract the attention of the colonists from the real points of difference between them and the mother country. This conten­ tion is, in a measure, proved by subsequent acts and endeavors of Lord Dunmore, Dr. John Con­ nally and other agents of Dunmore, during the early days of the American Revolution. The first Englishman to visit the site of Point Pleasant, in so far as is known, was Christopher Gist of whom we hear often in the early history of the trans-Alleghaney country. He is said to have reached the mouth of the Great Kanawha in 1750. The first white woman to see the site of Point Pleasant was Mary In­ gles, who was taken pris­ oner by the Shawnee Indians in what is now Montgomery County, Virginia, in 1755, and who passed this point a few days after her capture. Mrs. Hannah Dennis when re­ turning from a three years captivity among the Shawnee Indians in 1763 crossed the Ohio River on a drift log at this point, and who finally reached the fort on Jackson River in Virginia. Captain William Arbuckle reached this point in 1764, and was said to have been the first white man to reach the place by way of the Great Kanawha Valley. George Washington, Colonel William Crawford, and several others reached this place in 1770, a camp was set up here, and the party began surveying lands and, "beginning at a sugar tree and sycamore at the mouth of the Kanawha and on the upper point thereof," a survey was made on the up­ per side of the Kanawha, amounting in all to 80 square miles or 51,200 acres which included "the point." 9,876 acres of this survey was granted to Andrew Lewis for his services in the French and Indian War. Presumably this was General Andrew Lewis who commanded the S«'B r*,-laj . Virginians at the Battle of m . . .5 C 'r corj Point Pleasant. The remaind­ er of this large survey was in large tracts to various other individuals for their MASON COUNTY services in the same war. Af­ ter the- completion of their WEST VIRGINIA work on this side of the Great Kanawha, operations were transferred to the south COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W, VA. side of the river where two large tracts were surveyd, PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. on of 13,532 acres for Gener­ CLARKSBURG. W, VA. al Hugh Mercer, and anoth­ J r.: *i"Vi'IRC PUBU1HI er of 10,990 acres for George Washington.

Part of the land whereon Point Pleasant is now located came into the possession of Thomas Lewis, who no doubt was the son of Andrew Lewis, for by an act of the Assembly of Virginia in 1794, 200 acres of the land of Thomas Lewis at the mouth of the Great Kanawha river, "which has already been laid off in lots," shall be established a town by the name of Point Pleasant The town was rncorporated in 1833, however it has been occupied continuously since the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. It has been the seat of justice since the establishment of the county. Chief Cornstalk and his son with two other Indians, who were being held as hostages at Port Randolph, on the site of Point Pleasant, were ruthlessly murdered by Virginia Soldiers at the fort on November 10, 1777, just three years and one month to the day from the date of the Battle of Point Pleasant, at which Chief Cornstalk commanded the Indians. Mason City, the most important town in the county has an extensive salt works. In 1930 it had a population of 691 Two State Institutions ai M? -on county, both at Lakin post office. They are the State Hospital for the Colored Insane, es- tablished in 1923, ai i] School for Colored Boys. Other municipalities in the county, with populations as shown by the 1930 c • Henderson, 330 and Leon, 282. New Haven, unincorporated, had a 1930 population of 562. Camp Wilham G. ( • nley, •• -Governor William G. < onley, leased by the stale and built and maintained by the fede' al government, is located at Poini. isant. It is the permanent camp for the 150 Infantry, (formerly the 2nd) West Virsin National Guard. rp\ c°. i MERCER COUNTY, one of the southernmost counties of the state, was formed in 1837 from parts of Giles and Tazewell counties, Virginia. It was named in honor of General Hugh Mercer, of Revolutionary War fame, who had also served in the French and Indian and other wars. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Princeton, N. J., January 3rd, 1777, and died January 12th, 1777. Mercer is one of the great coal produc­ MERCER COUNTY ing counties of the state. It lies within the famous New River-Pocahontas coal area, where four minable seams of Pocahontas coal are present. Geologists estimate the WEST VIRGINIA county possesses 87,680 acres of coal, and a reserve of 862,000,000 tons. The county also has an abundance of limestone in its eastern section, suitable for building and COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA. agricultural purposes. Iron ore of splendid quality is also present. In addition to its coal, considerable manufacturing, grazing, agriculture and horticulture is engaged in. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. Nearly all of the surface of the county has an elevation of 2,000 feet above sea level or more, the highest point reaching 4,109 feet, and the lowest about 1,500 feet. Most of CLARKSBURG. W. VA. the land in the county is comparatively smooth as compared to other land in West COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARK50URG PUBLISHING COMPANY Virginia. The county has an area of 419 square miles, divided into five magisterial N districts: Beaver Pond, East River, Jumping Branch, Plymouth and Rock. In 1930 Mercer county had 'a population of 61,323. Princeton, the county seat, was established shortly after the county was created. ate Mi /e? s It has an elevation of 2,450 feet above sea level, and its 1930 population was 6,955. At the time of the formation of the county, there was not a village in the whole territory. However, the erection of the public buildings for the county formed the nucleus of the town of Princeton. The site was donated by Captain William Smith, and the town called Prince­ ton, to commemorate the battle in which General Hugh Mercer, for whom the county was named, was mortally wounded. Jl Bluefield, the largest city in Mer­ cer County, is located in two val­ leys at the foot of East River Mountain. It has an altitude of 2,612 feet above sea level, not only the highest altitude of any city in West Virginia, but for any city of its size east of the Rocky Moun­ tains in the United States. The first coal mine in the famous Po­ cahontas field was opened near Bluefield in 1883. The Norfolk ~~v'id Western Railroad extended its In.... to -Ma field in 1887, and the company located shops and yards at a site in an extensive valley a few rt iles east of what was then the town of Graham, Virginia. Railroad business in making up of coal shipments for tidewater ports on the Atlantic seaboard flourished, these shops and yards thus became the nucleus for Bluefield. The ma­ jority of the territory around the city is a great "blue-grass" coun­ try, and from this the original town received its name. At the time of the establishment of the shops and yards of the Norfolk and Western Railroad, the popula­ tion of the site did not exceed fifty people, but the city had a popula­ tion of 19,339 in 1930. In and near the city are located various indus­ trial plants. The Norfolk and Western Railroad Company oper­ ates in and west of Bluefield more than seventy miles of electrified railway, and has developed within the city of Bluefield the largest natural gravity railroad yards in the world.

The Bluefield Colored Institute, a state school for colored youths, as its name indicates, was estab­ lished in 1895 at Bluefield. Concord State Normal School lo­ cated at Athens, about eight miles northeast of Princeton, was estab­ lished in 1872, and then called Con­ cord Church, later changed to Athens. The school is principally for the training of teachers. Other municipalities in the coun­ ty, with their populations as shown > by the 1930 census, are: Athens, m 628; Bramwell, 1,574; Matoaka, H 929; and Oakvale, 261. X

-i < H I m m TJ > MINERAL COUNTY, the second county in the state formed after the separation from Virginia, was erected in 1866 from part of old Hampshire county, and takes its name from its rich mineral resources, as its coal and other minerals have given m H much wealth to many sections of the county. It is also an agricultural and horticultural county. Fruit, especially peaches 1 and apples are extensively grown. X H It has an area of 349 square miles, from which the six magisterial districts of Cabin Run, Elk, Frankfort, New Creek, •< Piedmont and Welton have boon formed. In 1030 the county's population was 20,084. Tl 0 Keyser, the county seat, is situated on the North Branch of the Potomac River, at an elevation of 801 feet above sea level. c Its population was 6,248 in 1930. X Potomac State School is located at Keyser. Originally established as a preparatory branch of the state university, it is now a junior college. Piedmont, at the "foot of the mountain" was laid out as a town in 1855 by the New Creek Company and incorporated by an Act of the Virginia Assembly in 1850. It had a population of 2,241 in 1930. Other municipalities of the county are: Ridgeley, having a population of 1,972 in 1930 and Elk Garden, with a population of 299 in 1930. According to the well known Lincoln Historian, Dr. W. E. Barton, of Foxboro, Massachusetts, and a legislative commis­ sion appointed in 1929, and headed by Hon. Andrew Price of Marlinton, president of the West Virginia Historical Society, Naney Hanks, mother of Abraham Lincoln, was born on the Doll farm on Mikes Run, a branch of Patterson Creek, in this county, near Keyser. The commission erected a memorial stone on the site of the original cabin and it has been recommended that the property be taken over by the state as a memorial park and an all weather road be constructed to it from the near­ est main thoroughfare.

MINERAL COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHNR ICE. BELINGTON. W.VA. , PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING /fffih CLARKSBURG. W VA O F MINGO COUNTY has the distinction of being the youngest county in West Virginia. It was formed in 1895 from the southwestern part of Logan County, and named in honor of the Mingo Indian tribe. The Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River, divides the county from the State of Kentucky for a distance of sixty miles. The surface of the territory is broken and hilly, with high mountain ranges and narrow valleys, with but little bottom land. The soil is fertile and productive, producing good crops and grass for graz­ ing purposes. However, the chief ele­ ment of wealth in the county is coal, which is extensively developed. The county has an area of 416 square miles and is divided into six magisterial dis­ tricts: Hardee, Harvey, Lee, Magnolia, Stafford and W-..field. The 1930 census gave the county a population of 38,319. In as .nuch as the county from which this territory was taken, had been named for Chief Logan, it was only fitting and proper that the new county be named for his tribe. The famous Chief Logan, was properly a Cayuga, separated from his MINGO COUNTY tribe and consorting with a small and as­ sorted lot of Indians known as Mingoes whose principal town was at Mingo Bot­ WEST VIRGINIA tom, on the Ohio River, near Steuben­ ville. The Mingo tribe of the eighteenth COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA. century were a mongrel race, chiefly wanderers from the New York Iroquois PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. stock. Hon. Andrew Price, of Pocahon­ CLARKSBURG. W. VA. tas County, insists that the Mingo tribe was formerly located at Mingo P'lats in Randolph County, and from that place went to Mingo Bottoms, on the Ohio, about 1766. In 1890 an incident occurred that cleared the way for the formation of Mingo county. A man residing in Logan county was indicted by the grand jury of ihat county, on a charge of operating a moonshine still. When arraigned for trial he challenged the jurisdiction of the court on the ground he was operating in Lincoln county. The Lincoln-Logan boundary had long been a subject of dis- fute, and this seemed an opportune time to determine the true boundary line and at the same time determine jurisdiction in the distilling case. The judge of the Circuit Court of Logan county appointed three commissioners to survey and es­ tablish the correct line. The commis­ sioners reported that they found much of the territory claimed by Lincoln coun­ ty, and from which the county had col­ lected taxes for years, to be actually a part of Logan county. Jurisdiction in the moonshine case was clearly established to lie in Logan county, and at the same time the report of the commissioners determined that Logan county had suf­ ficient territory for two counties, each to have the four hundred square miles as re­ quired by the Constitution. This gave a new and added impetus to the establishment of a new county, and which was done by an act of the Legislature of West Virginia, with but little or no opposition. The whole of Mingo county lies within the Allegheny-Kanawha coal area. Its chief wealth is derived from this great natural resource. The county has nineteen workable seams of coal, ranging from the Upper Kittanning to the Glen Alum Tunnel, and ex­ tensive operations are carried on in many parts. The county is so rich in coal that it is estimated to have nearly five acres of coal to every acre of surface land. There are some oil and gas developments in the northwestern section. Timber operations are carried on to some extent. Williamson, the county seat, is located on the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River, and has an elevation of 660 feet above sea level. In 1891 it was a cornfield, in 1930 its population was given as 9,410. It has extensive railroad yards and repair shops of of the Norfolk and Western Railroad, and is the center of a great coal shipping busi­ ness, which is extensively advertised as "The Billion Dollar Coal Field." The coal pro­ duction for the year, for which last statistics are available, exceed 5,000,000 tons. Two other incorporated places in the county are Kermit, with a 1930 population of TJ 749, and Matewan, whose population was 932 in 1930. > O m H 1 X i < m TJ > O m -i PENNSYLVANIA x X r-t-^-r- H •< tn x

MONONGALIA COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO CLARKSBURG. W. VA. IMT 1B33 CU1RKSBURC PUBLISHING COMPANY

MONONGALIA COUNTY, a northern county, with the Mason and Dixon line separating it from Pennsylvania, may well be called the mother • unty of northern West Virginia. Prom it some twenty-one counties, three of them now in Pennsylvania, were taken, in whole, or in part, leaving the county with a present area of 358 square miles. It is one of three counties formed from the famous District of West Augusta and was born with the Republic in 1776. Th<> county was named for the Monongahela river, which flows through it, the different spelling of the county and river names having occurred through error. It has seven magisterial districts, Battelle, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Grant, Morgan and Union. It is an agricultural and grazing county, with very extensive developments of its oil, gas and coal fields, it being one of the great coal producing counties of northern West Virginia. The county government was organized and the first meeting of the court was held at the residence of Jonathan Cobun, on December 8, 1776. Monongahela is the name given the river by the Indians and is generally understood to mean "the river of caving or crumbling banks" but in preparing the bill to be introduced into the Virginia Assembly to create this together with the other two counties created at the same time, an error was made in the spelling of the name of the county and it was erroneously spelled Monongalia instead of Monongahela. The first seat of justice was located at the residence of Theophilus Phillips, about two miles from the site of the present town of New Geneva, Payette County, Pennsylvania, but after the extension of the Mason and Dixon line, permanently locating the ite line between Pennsylvania and Virginia, a portion of the territory of Monongalia county, including that part whereon was located the county seat was found to be in the confines of the state of Pennsylvania, it therefore became necessary to move the county it to some point within the established territory of the county. By an act of the Assembly of Virginia, passed in 1782, the residence of Zackwell Morgan was designated as the place of holding courts. This was at the site of the present town of Morgantown. I e town was established as such by an act of the Virginia Assembly in 1785, and has since held the commanding position as the seat of justice of Monongalia county, and one of the more important towns in the northern part of the state. It takes its name from .cs founder Zackwell Morgan, who was the son of Morgan Sr., the first permanent settler in West Virginia. In 1796 all of the public records of Monongalia county, except the land survey books were destroyed by fire. At this time Colonel John Evans was clerk of the county court and the public records were kept in his residence and it was entirely destroyed by fire and the records with it. At that time the Land Survey Books were in possession of the County Surveyor and were not destroyed. Morgantown is situated on the Monongahela river, at an elevation of 822 feet above sea level. Its 1930 population was 16,186. The West Virginia University, the most important educational institution of the state, is located at Morgantown. The University is the outgrowth of older schools, Monongalia Academy, established in 1814, Morgantown Female Academy, established in 1831, and later known as the "Female Collegiate Institute" and "Whitehall Female Seminary." These two schools were closely allied and may be said to have been two schools under practically the same management. The Woodburn Female Seminary, the third school in the consolidation, was incorporated on January 4, 1858, and the school opened in May, following. The property was purchased by the State of West Virginia in 1867, and the West Virginia Agricultural College was established. _ The name was changed by an act of the Legislature, to the West Virginia University, on December 4, 1868 and has so continued since that time, The University has kept pace with the development of the state and today is considered one of the best institutions of learning in this section of the country. Other municipalities in the county, with their 1930 populations are: Blacksville, 269; Riverside, 940; Sabraton, 1,717; Star City, 1,121; and Westover, 1,633. r^>.

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W VA. MONROE COUNTY PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. WEST VIRGINIA COPYRIGHT 1033 CUARKSBIJHC PUBLISHING COMPANY

-o > m H I in the extreme southeastern section of the state was organized in 1799, from a part of Greenbrier county and is one of the older counties of West Virginia, being the twelfth one erected by the commonwealth of Virginia in its territory X -. has a land area of 457 square miles. Its six magisterial districts are: Red Sulphur, Second Creek, Springfield, Sweet Springs, Union and Wolf Creek. -< in 1930 of 11,949. Located in one of the finest blue grass regions of the world. It is an agricultural, grazing and stock raising county. It has many well known medicinal springs. The county was named for James Monroe, fifth in ~he county govemment was organized on May 21, 1799 at the house of George King, near the present county seat. Union, the county seat, was established in 1800 on the lands of James Alexander, and is situated 2,100 leet m < •mlation was 331. Alderson, on the Greenbrier river, lies in both Monroe and Greenbrier counties. It was incorporated in 1880 and in 1930 had a population of 1,458. The federal institution for female delinquents is located n •* first settler Christian Peters, and located on Rich Creek, is another municipality in this county. In 1930 it had a population of 388. 2 m H MORGAN COUNTY I i WEST VIRGINIA m COMPILED BY JOHN R, ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA. I H PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO CLARKSBURG. W. VA COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

MORGAN COUNTY, in the Eastern Panhandle, was formed in 1820 from parts of Berkeley and Hampshire coun­ ties, and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan, a Revo­ lutionary War leader. It has an area of 233 square miles, with six magisterial districts, Allen, Bath, Cacapon, Rock Gap, Sleepy Creek and Timber Ridge. The county's population in 1930 was 8,406. It is largely an agricultural and horticultural county, with considerable development of its sand mines. Berkeley Springs, the county seat, was established under the name of Bath, in 1776, which is still its corporate name, the town being called by the post office name of Berkeley Springs. It was established and laid out on lands belonging to Thomas, Lord Fairfax. It is located on the Potomac River, 612 feet above sea level and in 1930 had a population of 1,039. It is noted for its medicinal springs, now owned by the state, the curative value of the waters having been known since 1747. George Washington records in his diary that he visited the famed "Warm Springs" on March 18, 1747, and later had a house erected at that place. The title to the springs was vested in the Commonwealth of Virginia by Lord Fairfax the original owner, and this title has passed to the State of West Virginia. Paw Paw, also a municipality in the county had a popu­ lation of 781 in 1830. NICHOLAS COUNTY, established in 1818, from parts of Greenbrier, Kanawha and Ran­ dolph counties and named for Wilson Cary Nicholas, Governor of Virginia, 1814-1817, has an area of 680 square miles, from which seven magisterial districts have been formed: Beaver, Grant, Hamilton, Jefferson, Kentucky, Summers­ viUe, and Wilderness. While farming is carried on throughout the county, the development of the natural resources, CHOLAS COUNTY such as oil, gas, coal and timber, has been quite extensive. The population of the county WEST VIRGINIA in 1930 was 20,686. SummersviUe, the county seat, established in 1820 on 30 acres of land belonging to the heirs COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON, W. VA of John Hamilton, and incorporated in 1860, is 1,894 feet above sea level and in 1930 had a pop­ PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO ulation of 536. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. Richwood, on the Cherry river, the largest COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY municipality in the county, is one of the state's N newest industrial towns, having been incorporated in 1901. Its 1930 population was 5,720. It is the center of the lumber industry of the county, and has among other important plants, what is said to be the largest clothes pin plant in the world.

> m H I X

Z 2 n, PAGE FORTY OHIO COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON, W. VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO.

CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

OHIO COUNTY, in the Northem Panhandle of the state, was formed in 1776 and organized in 1777. Being one of the three counties formed from the famous District of West Au­ gusta, however, its original boundaries have been greatly shrunken by the formation of other counties from its territory. The counties of Brooke, Hancock, Marshall, Tyler and Wetzel have been formed from terirtory originally within its confines. It has at present an area of 107 square miles. This is divided into the following ten magisterial districts: Center, Clay, Liberty, Madison, Richland, Ritchie, Triadelphia, Union, Washington and Webster. The county takes its name from its principal river. "Ohionhiio" is an Indian name meaning "Beautiful River" and it is from this name that Ohio is derived. The population in 1930 was 72,077. The first court for the county was held at Black's Cabin, at or near the present West Liberty. This place was designated as the first seat of justice of the county and so remained until 1797. Wheeling, a place of importance in the history of its section since 1769, is an industrial center located on the Ohio river at the mouth of Wheeling Creek. It has an elevation of 678 feet above sea level, and a 1930 population of 61,659. It is the chief city of northern West Virginia, and the second largest in population in the state. The city is the center of the iron and steel industry of the state and due to the extensive manufacture of nails, it has sometimes been called the "Nail City." The place was originally settled by Colonel Ebenezer Zane and his brothers, Silas and Jonathan, in 1769, and from the first was made a place of defense against the hostile Indians. Fort Fincastle, erected in 1774 was planned by Colonel, later General, George Rogers Clarke, and used during Dunmore's War of that year. The fort was twice attacked during the Rev­ olutionary War, once by the British and Indians under the notorious Simon Girty in 1777, and the second time, on September 11, 1782 by some forty British soldiers from Canada, under Cap­ tain Pratt and a large force of Indians collected from the territory now comprising Ohio, which second attack was unsuccessful. The British flag flew over the camp of the Indians and their British Allies and during the assault, the flag bearer was shot and fell with the flag, and it is claimed that this was the last time the British flag flew in battle during the Revolution­ ary War, as this was nearly eleven months after the surrender of Lord CornwaUis at Yorktown. As 'stated above the Fort was first called "Fort Fincastle" and later changed to "Fort Hen­ ry" in honor of Patrick Henry. The origin of the name Wheeling is uncertain. It may have come from the name of an early missionary among the Indians by the name of "Wheelan" who was said to have pitched his camp at the site for a few months and then went on down the river; or it may have come from the Indian word "Wheeling," "the place of a head." It was first laid out in a town by Colonel Ebenezer Zane in 1793 and then called Zanesburg; by an act of the Virginia Assembly it was changed to Wheeling in 1795 and was incorporated by the same authority in 1806. It became an important shipping'point in the flat-boat days, and added importance was given the town when the National Road or Pike was extended to Wheeling in 1817 instead of making the western terminus at Pittsburgh. The city became the birthplace of the State of West Virginia in 1863, and was twice its capital; first, from the formation of the state until April 1st, 1870, when the seat of justice of the state was moved to Charleston, and again from May 21, 1875 to May 1, 1885 when it was again taken back to Charleston for the second time. It became the county seat of Ohio county in 1797 and has since remained the seat of justice of the county. It was also the Capital or seat of justice of the restored government of the State of Virginia from the time of the secession of Virginia from the Union in 1861 until the formation of the State of West Virginia in 1863, after which the seat of government of Virginia • under the domination of the Union - as removed to and established at Alexandria, Virginia. West Liberty, located twelve miles northeast of Wheeling was established as a town by the Virginia Assembly in 1787 on the lands of Reuben Foreman and Providence Mounce. P ,s ;he site of the county seat at the formation of the county in 1776 but lost it to Wheeling in 1797 after the formation of Brooke County. West Liberty State Normal School, a state institution of normal grade was established at West Liberty in 1870. This was a continuation of a school established at that place by Nathan Shotwell in 1838 called "West Liberty Academy." Triadelphia, another incorporated place in the county had a population of 302 in 1930. PAGE FORTY-ONl*

PENDLETON COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA

X PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. / V CLARKSBURG W. VA. COPYRIGHT taat CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

PENDLETON COUNTY, at the head of the South Branch Valley, was estab­ lished in 1787 from parts of Augusta, Hardy and Rockingham counties, and named for Edmund Pendleton, a distin­ guished statesman and jurist of Virginia. It has an area of 699 square miles. In 1930 it had a population of 9,660. Pendleton county is an agricultural and live stock county, with timber as its chief natural resource. It is divided into the six magisterial districts of Bethel, v CircleviUe, Franklin, Mill Run, Sugar Grove and Union. In 1758, at Fort Upper Tract and Fort Seybert, occurred two Indian massacres, the Indians being led by Killbuck, a Shawnee chieftain. Spruce Knob, in the southwestern corner of the county is the highest point in the state, its elevation being 4,860 feet. Other points of scenic interest are Seneca Rocks, Miley Gap and the "Smoke Hole" section, a canoe- shaped valley north of Upper Tract. Franklin, the county seat and only municipality in the county, was establish­ ed in 1794 on the lands of Francis Evick. It is located on the South Branch of the Potomac river at an elevation of 1,730 feet above sea level, and had a population of 431 in 1930. PLEASANTS COUNTY, situated in the northwestern part of the state along the Ohio River, was formed in 1851, from parts of Ritchie, Tyler and Wood counties and X named in honor of James Pleasants, who represented Virginia in the United States Senate and was governor of that state from 1822 to 1825. The county has an area of 132 > sqv*re miles, being one of the smaller counties of the state, and is divided into six magisterial districts: Grant, Jefferson, Lafayette, McKim, Union and Washington. The o population of the county in 1930 was 6,545, the smallest of any county in West Virginia. It is an agricultural and grazing county, with very extensive developments of its oil m and gas fields. In fact this development followed closely after the boom at Burning Springs in Wirt County, which occurred just before and during the Civil War. The coun­ Tl ty fronts on the Ohio River for the distance of about twenty-five miles, and is drained principally by Middle Island Creek, said to be the longest stream in the United States O to be called a creek. From its mouth to its source it is 100 miles, although the airline distance is about 38 miles. x H The first attempt to have the territory of Pleasants county formed into a separate county was in the winter of 1844-1845. The leader in this movement was Daniel Rey­ nolds, who owned and resided on a 40 acre tract of the lower end of Middle Island, and who had located there about 1806; this movement was unsuccessful. Middle Island contains 296 acres and is about 3 miles long. St. Marys situated on the Ohio River, a short distance below the mouth of Middle Island Creek, was laid out in 1849, and established two days after the formation of the county, on lands of Alexander H. Creel, who came to this site from Virginia in 1834. In 1837 he sold the property to Hugh L. Pickens, and located at a point about a mile below the site of St. Marys, where he established the village of Vaucluse. All of the houses there were washed away in the flood of 1852, and the village was never rebuilt. In 1847 Mr. Creel repurchased his original property from Mr. Pickens. When Pleasants county was formed, the act provided that the first court should be held and the county organized at the resi­ dence of Alexander H. Creel, which was accordingly done. For some reason the citizens of the county were required to raise the sum of $3,000.00 toward defraying the costs of the public buildings when the county seat was located at St. Marys. According to the subscription list, Alexander H. Creel subscribed the sum of $600.00 to this fund and also do­ nated the public square as a site for the court house and jail. The town has an elevation above sea level of 724 feet and in 1930 had a population of 2,182. The West Virginia Training School, a state charitable institution for training the feeble minded, is located at Bradley, near St. Marys.

PLEASANTS COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

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COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO.

CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY PAGE FORTY-THREE

POCAHONTAS COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

POCAHONTAS COUNTY, in the Appalachian Highlands was formed in 1821 from parts of Bath, Pendleton and Randolph counties, and named for Pocahontas, or Matoa- ka, the Indian princess, and daughter of Powhattan, chief of the Confederated Indian tribes of Virginia. It has an area of 904 square miles, being the fourth largest county in the state. Its population was 14,555 in 1930. The county has been called the birthplace of rivers. It is mountainous and has a number of mountain peaks reaching 4,500 feet in height, among which may be named Bald Knob, Mace Knob, Gibson Knob, Spruce Knob of Elk, Spruce Knob of Williams river, Barlow Top, and Briery Knob. The four magisterial districts of the county are: Edray, Greenbank, Huntersville and Little Levels. Marlinton, the county seat since 1891, is the site of the oldest settlement in Pocahontas county made by Stephen Sewall and Jacob Marlin in 1749 which was known as Mar- lin's Bottom until 1887, when the present town was laid out. It is located on the Greenbrier river, and has an elevation of 2,131 feet above sea level. In 1930 it had a popula­ tion of 1,586. Huntersville, unincorporated, laid out in 1821 on the lands of John Bradshaw, was the county seat from the formation of the county until 1891 when it was moved to Marlinton. The three other municipalities in the county, with their 1930 populations are: Cass, 708; Durbin, 498; and Hillsboro, 220. The State Colored Tuberculosis Sani­ tarium is located at Denmar, in this county. The Droop Mountain Battlefield, in this county, is the site of the most extensive Civil War battle fought in the state, which occurred on November 6, 1863. It was ac­ quired by the state in 1929, and is now a Battlefield Park. PAGE FORTY-FOUR

PRESTON COUNTY, a northern county, was formed in 1818 from Monongalia county, and named in honor ot James Patton Preston, thirteenth governor of Virginia. It has a land area of 650 square miles and in 1930 had PRESTON COUNTY a population of 29,043. The county is largely agricultural and is well known WEST VIRGINIA for its grain and cereal products, but has extensive coal developments. It has eight magisterial districts: Grant, STATE Kingwood, Lyon, Pleasants, Portland, Reno, Union and Valley. The first court for the county convened at the house of William Price in Kingwood, which for many years after­ ward was known as the "Hemdon Hotel." In Preston County was locat­ ed one of the very first settle­ ments of this section of north­ western Virginia. It was made by the three Eckarly brothers, who moved from a point along the West Virginia-Pennsylvania State Line on Dunkard Creek to a point on Cheat River, about two miles southeast of King- wood, and ever since known as "Dunkard Bottom." Arthurdale, located near Reedsville, on the old plantation of Colonel John Fairfax, con­ taining 1,017 acres, is the first federal homestead project estab­ lished in the United States. The project is one in which Mrs. Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt, wife of the President, has taken much personal interest and this no doubt is principally responsi­ ble for its establishment. The State Tuberculosis Sani­ tarium, (for the white race), is located at Hopemont, near Terra Alta. Camp Dawson, on the Cheat river, near Kingwood, is the per­ manent camp for the 201st In­ fantry (formerly the 1st) West Virginia National Guard. Kingwood, the county seat, was established in 1811, then in Monongalia County, and was incorporated in 1853. The town was built on lands principally owned by John Miller and Hugh Morgan. The first buildings on the site of the town were con­ structed about the year 1800. Originally the court house square and some ground around it was covered with a number of extra large trees which was call­ ed "King Wood" from which the town received its name. King- wood has been the county seat ever since the formation of the county. The town is on a pla­ teau about two miles west of Cheat River, and at an elevation of 1,962 feet above sea level. It is located in a section reputed to possess the purest water and the most healthful climate to be found anywhere in the state. The other incorporated towns in the county are as follows: Albright, located on the Cheat River, was named for David Albright, who originally owned the lands surrounding it, and was formerly known as AI- brightsville. It had a population in 1930 of 343; Brandonville, laid out in 1827 and incorporat­ ed in 1858, was named for Col­ onel Jonathan Brandon. It had a population of 82 in 1930; Bruceton, or Bruceton's Mills, on the waters of Big Sandy Creek, was once called Milford. It was named in 1847 by John Hoff­ man, in honor of his step-fath­ er, whose name was Bruce. Samuel Morton occupied a house and owned a mill here as early as 1792. The town was incor­ porated in 1853 and had a 1930 population of 116; Masontown, was named in honor of William Mason, who founded the town in 1856 — it is the fourth larg­ est town in the county, having a 1930 population of 924; New­ burg, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, in the southwestern part of the county, was original­ ly called "88" because it was eighty-eight miles west of Cum­ berland, Maryland — that was in 1852. In 1853 it was known as Simpson's Water Station. In 1854 the name was changed to Newburg, but why, no one seems to know. It had a 1930 population of 745; Reedsville, was founded by and named for James Reed of Monongalia County. He acquired the land on which the town stands in 1827. The first house was built in 1855. In 1930 it had a popu­ lation of 345; Rowlesburg, is built on lands originally patent­ ed by James Goff, father of Salathiel Goff, in 1793, and on which he himself resided. The town was named for Thomas Rowles, a division engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and is situated on the Cheat River, at the foot of the mountain. It is 1,398 feet above sea level, and had a 1930 population of 1,573. It WF>S incorporated in 1858; Terra Alta, is locat­ ed at the top of the mountain, 2,550 feet above sea level, and is the highest altitude reached by the B. & O. Railroad in crossing the moun­ tains. The first post office at this site was called Salt Lick Falls, and the railroad station was designated Cranberry Summit, Decause of the cranberry swamps abounding around it. In 1858 it was called Portland, in honor of Portland Maine, and in 1881 the name was changed to Cranberry. Some years later the name was changed to Terra Alta. It was incorporated in 1860 and had a population of 1,474 in 1930 Tunnelton originally Cassidy's Summit, is located at the east end of Laurel Mountain tunnel on the B. & O. Railroad. It came into being at the time the tunnel was niade. It had a population of 595 in 1930. PAGE FORTY-FIVE

JAC&H

PUTNAM WEST VIRGINIA

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COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W VA. COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

PUTNAM COUNTY, named in honor of General Israel Putnam, the New England soldier and patriot, was established in 1848 from parts of Kanawha, Mason and Cabell counties. It has a land area of 336 square miles, which is divided into the six magisterial districts of Buffalo, Curry, Poca, Scott, Teays Valley and Union. Lying on both sides of the Kanawha river, the county is agricultural, with some oil and gas developments. Its greatest natural resource, coal, is largely developed, with mines at many places in the county. In 1930 the county had a population of 16,737 according to the census re­ port of that date. Winfield, designated as the seat of justice at the formation of the county is the county seat. It was laid out in 1848 and named for General Winfield Scott, of Mexican War fame, is located on the Kanawha river, at an approximate altitude of 570 feet. Its population in 1930 was 294. Buffalo, established in 1834 and laid out by Benjamin K. Craig am' incorporated in 1837, the oldest town between Charleston and Point Pleasant had a population c 316 in 1930. Hurricane, , on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, in the center of the tobacco growing section, became a municipality in 1888. In 1930 its population was 1,293. X RALEIGH COUNTY, es­ > tablished in 1850 from part a of Fayette county and named R for Sir Water Raleigh, the Tl English adventurer, sailor, 0 X author, and soldier, who H planted the first English •< colony in America, has a land CO area of 597 square miles. RALEIGH COUNTY X From this have been formed the following seven magis­ terial districts of, Shady WEST VIRGINIA Springs, Richmond, Clear / , Fork, Trap Hill, Slab Fork, V~yV Marsh Fork and Town. The V"'." county had a 1930 population of 68.072. "hit- Walter Raleigh, for whom this county is named, was born about 1552 in South Devonshire, England. When barely eighteen years of age he began his career as a sol­ dier, having enlisted in the Huguenot army in France, where he spent five years in battles and brawls engender­ ed by the religious intoler­ ance and prejudice of the day. He returned to London in 1576 and soon again set out with the army in the Low Country with Sir John Nor­ ris. In 1578, Sir Walter, with his half-brother, Sir Hum­ phrey Gilbert, fitted out a fleet of eleven ships for a "Voyage of Discovery," which was an excuse for a enterprise directed against the richly laden ships of Spain. It was in 1581, when sent as a messenger to England, that he won his place in the pages of history by an act of gallantry compared to which his_ military exploits paled in­ to insignificance — he spread his new velvet cape over a muddy place in the road for Queen Elizabeth to walk upon. The fact that he was a sturdy soldier, brilliant naval commander and a great author are as nothing compared to this. The act is remembered; he was a rare gallant. Whether or not the story is true cannot be proven, but something did happen at that time to bring Sir Walter Raleigh into royal favor and make him the recipient of the Queen's bounty and fa- r to such an extent as to give rise to scandal. engineered privateering cruises against Spain and sent out ships to new lands. In July 1584, two of these ships touched what is now the —olina coast, and when the discovery was reported to the Queen, she nan; country Virginia and granted Raleigh a royal patent authorizing its colom.. 'on. In 1585, he sent out a colony of one hundred and eight men who settled on Roanoke Island. The next year the ships bringing supplies from Eng72r. V larried back with them all but fifteen who had decided to re­ main. In 1587, when new colonists arrived, no trace could be found of the fifteen who had remained the year before. This second colony was doomed to disappear as mysteriously as the first, and with it little Virginia Dare the first child born on the soil of America of English parents. Sir Walter spent much time and means in an effort to colonize the land, but about the only immediate result obtained was the introduction into England of tobacco and potatoes. In 1603 he fell from the grace of royal favor, was arrested and sent to the Tower, charged with complicity in a conspiracy against the king, and was condemned to death. However, in 1615, he secured his release to make a voyage to South America to find a mountain of gold, pledging his head upon the success of his venture. He failed, was defeated in battle, and started home without finding the promised mountain of gold. On his return to England he was again quickly brought to trial and sentenced on the old treason charge and was immediately sent to the execution block. He was beheaded on October 29th, 1618. With all his checkered career, no Englishman occupies the lasting fame in the early history of America and in the memories of Americans themselves as does Sir Walter Raleigh, who made the first attempts to settle English colonists on the soil of what is now the United States. Raleigh county lies in the drainage basin of the New, Guyandotte and Coal Rivers, and with its nineteen workable seams of coal, has become one of the great coal produc­ ing counties of West Virginia. These coal developments furnish a ready market for the agricultural pr< rets of the county. Beckley, the county seat chartered in 1837, and named for General Alfred Beckley, clerk of the Na'. onal House of Representatives, has an elevation of about 2,400 feet above sea ev< -nd is the center of the coal-producing section of the county; the act creating the county named Beckley as the county seat. This city had a population of 9,357 in 1930. Pinecrem; te Sanitarium, formerly Rutherford State Sanitarium, established in 1927 for the atment of tuberculosis among the white race, is located at Beckley. Oth'i rated towns in the county, with their 1930 populations are: Lester, 609; Mabscott, i,2(H>, and Sophia, 611. PAGE FORTY-SEVEN

RANDOLPH COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

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COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

Sri d sPW W RANDOLPH COUNTY, the largest county in the state with an area of 1,036 square miles, was organized in 1787 from part of Harrison county, and named in honor of Edmund Jennings Randolph, a distinguished jurist and Governor of Virginia, 1786-1789. The county is agricultural, with large developments of its natural resources of coal and timber. The county had a population of 25,049 in 1930. Randolph county has nine magisterial districts: Beverly, Dry Fork, Huttonsville, Leadsville, Middlefork, Mingo, New Interest, Roaring Creek and Valley Bend. The first settlement west of the Alleghenies was made in Randolph county by the Files and Tygart families about 1754. Files and nearly all his family were destroyed by the Indians, but one or two of his chidren escaped and notified Tygart of the danger he and his family were in from the Indians, and they hastily recrossed the mountains to the settlements. No further attempt to effect a settlement was made until about 1769. Tygart's Valley river was named for Tygart and Files Creek for Files. Elkins, the county seat, was established in 1889, and takes its name from its founder, Stephen Benton Elkins, United States Senator from West Virginia from 1895 until his death in 1911. The town had a 1930 population of 7,345. It is located on the Tygarts Valley river at an elevation of 1,903 feet above sea level. Beverly, established in 1790, and named for Beverly Randolph, is the oldest town in the county, and was the county seat from 1787 to 1898, when Elkins was selected. Beverly was laid out on the lands of Jacob Westfall, and was first called Edmonson. The town had a 1930 population of 431. Davis and Elkins College, named for its two great patrons, Henry G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins, is an institution of higher learning maintained by the Presbyterian denomination, is located at Elkins. The West Virginia Children's Home is located at Elkins. This is a state institution for the care of dependent and neglected children. At Elkins also, and cose to the Children's Home, is the West Virginia Odd Fellows Home, which is maintained by that fraternal order for aged members, their wives, or widows, and dependent ch Idren. The Tygart's Valley Homesteads, Incorporated, a new federal homestead project, is located in the upper regions of the valley of the Tygart's Valley river; it consists of about twenty-fiv hundred acres of land which centers around the village of Valley Bend, Randolph County. This project will take care of between 200 and 300 families. This is one of soi ie twenty-three similar projects to be located in West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky. The first one of them was located on the old plantation of Col­ onel John Fairfa c, consisting of a thousand acres, and located near Reedsville, in Preston County, West Virginia, in which Mrs. Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt, wife of the President of the United States, has taken a personal interest. The other incorporated towns in Randolph County, with 1930 populations are: Huttonsville, 303; Mill Creek, 723; Montrose, 114; and Womelsdorf, (P. O. Coalton), 37-r. X > a /•• m RITCHIE COUNTY 0 X WEST VIRGINIA -j

•< COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W VA. m a N PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. i CLARKSBURG, w VA. H COPYRIGHT IBJ) CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING C RITCHIE COUNTY was established in 1843 *—-si— E from parts of Harrison, Lewis and Wood counties, and has an area of 453 square miles. From this there have been formed four magisterial districts: Clay, Grant, Murphy and Union. The county was named for Thomas Ritchie, a distinguished journal­ ist of Richmond, Virginia. In selecting names for new counties the assembly usually scanned the rolls of statesmen and warriors to find one worthy of the honor. In this instance a radical departure was made from the custom, they honored a man who was then living, a destinction granted to but few. He was proud of his namesake and often referred to it as "The Little Gem." The county's population in 1930 was 15,594. This county, in addition to agriculture and grazing has large oil and gas de­ velopments. Ritchie Mines located two miles north from the mouth of MacFarlan Creek was discovered in the autumn of 1852, by Frederick Lemon. Being great­ ly impressed by the appearance of what he thought was coal, although the vein or seam stood perpin- dicular in the formation instead of flat as most coal beds lie, he undertook to acquire the land on which the supposed coal vein was located, but be­ fore he could do so, it was rediscovered by some one else, but he finally succeeded in acquiring the prop­ erty in 1858. On closer examination it was found to be much different from other coals and of far greater value. It has since been proven to be as­ phalt and is the only asphalt mine, so far as is known, in the United States. In the following year Mr. Lemon sold the property to Nelson Beall of Prostburg, Md., who soon after began operation of the mine, but the Civil War came on and opera­ tions ceased until its close in 1865, when Mr. Beall sold it to a syndicate from Baltimore and New York, who constructed a narrow gauge railroad from Cairo to the mine, which was known as the "Calico Rail­ road." This launched a boom in that community and the property continued to be operated until 1874 when the vein suddenly became exhausted. The railroad, however, was extended to the town of Mellon and later to McFarlan on the South Fork of Hughes River, and the name changed to Cairo and Kanawha Railroad.

Harrisville, the county seat, was laid out by Thomas Harris and legally established by the Vir­ ginia Assembly in 1832 and incorporated in 1869. It has been the seat of justice since the formation of the county. It has an elevation of 873 feet above sea level, and the town's population in 1930 was 1,192. Pennsboro, was laid out an early day by a Mr. Penn a surveyor of Baltimore, Maryland, and from whom it took its name, but the history of the town proper begins with the building of the B. & O. Railroad in 1858. The first settlement in the county was made at the site of Pennsboro by John Bonnell, a Revolutionary soldier. The oldest house in the town is the "Old Stone House" which has stood for more than a century. It is the largest town in the county with a 1930 population of 1,616. The other incorporated places in Ritchie county, with 1930 populations are: Cairo, one of the oldest towns in the county with a population of 607; Ellen- boro, 330; and Pullman 184. Smithville, unincorporated, was established as a town 'n 184^, and was located on the lands of barnes Smith, for whom it was named. It is lo­ cated on the South Pork of Hughes River, and had a population of 230 in 1930.

CO. I GILMER PAGE FORTY-NINE ROANE COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO.c0. / c

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ROANE COUNTY, in the western central section of the state, was formed in 1856 from parts of Kanawha, Jackson and Gilmer counties, and named in honor of Judge Spencer Roane, a distinguished jurist of Virginia. It has a land area of 522 square miles, which has been divided into the following seven magisterial districts: Spencer, Curtis, Geary, Harper, Reedy, Smithfield and Walton. The county's population was 19,478 in 1930. Roane is an agricultural and grazing county with important developments of its oil and gas areas. Spencer, the county seat, was settled in 1812 and was established under its present name in 1858. It was also named for Judge Spencer Roane. It is situated on Spring Creek, has an altitude of 719 feet and a 1930 population of 2,493. The site was originally called Tanner's Cross Roads and in 1839 it became known as New California. By a legislative enactment of 1858 the name was changed to Spencer. It is the location of the Spencer State Hospital, an institution for the care and treatment of the Insane. Reedy, located at the Forks of Reedy Creek from which it takes its name is the only other municipality in the county. It had a population of 405 in 1930. PAGE FIFTY

SUMMERS COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA o / •? J 5 c a. r e M **e i

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO.

CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

COPYRIGHT 1B33 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

SUMMERS COUNTY was formed in 1871 from parts of Greenbrier, Monroe, Mercer and Fayette counties, and was named in honor of George W. Summers, a distinguished jurist of Fayette county. It has an area of 369 square miles and contains six magisterial districts: Greenbrier, Forest Hill, Green Sulphur, Jump­ ing Branch, Talcott and Pipestem. It has the distinction of being one of the two counties of the state named for native West Virginians. The population of the county in 1930 was 20,468. The county is largely agricultural with some coal developments in the section next to Fayette and Raleigh counties. Hinton, the county seat, was established in 1873 being laid out on the lands of John Hin­ ton, but named in honor of Evan Hinton who was active in securing the creation of Sum­ mers county. It was incorporated in 1880. It lies at the junction of Greenbrier and New Rivers at an elevation of 1,385 feet above sea level. Its population was 6,654 in 1930. In 1927, Avis, with a population of 1,635, and Bellepoint were taken into the corporate limits of Hinton. TAYLOR COUNTY, a north­ TAYLOR COUNTY em central county, was created in 1844 from parts of Harrison, Barbour and Marion counties WEST VIRGINIA and has a land area of 175 square miles. The county has five magisterial districts: Court COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA. House, Booths Creek, Fleming- ton, Fetterman and Knottsville. Although some uncertainty exists as to who was honored in the naming of the county, it probably took its name from John Taylor, a Virginia soldier and statesman, 1750-1824. The county is agricultural, with extensive developments of its principal natural resources, coal and timber. The population in 1930 was 19,114. Grafton, the county seat, lo­ cated on the Tygarts Valley River at an elevation of 1,000 feet above sea level, had a popu­ lation in 1930 of 7,737. It came into being with the building of the railroad. It is a terminal point on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the location of ex­ tensive railroad shops. West Virginia's only National Ceme­ tery, for the care of which an annual appropriation is made by the legislature, is located at Grafton. The first casualty of the Civil War, occurred near the eastern end of Fetterman Bridge, at the lower end of Grafton. Thornberry Bailey Brown, a newly enlisted Union Soldier, in company with Daniel Wilson, was returning from Pruntytown and as they ap­ proached a point near the east­ em end of the bridge they were commanded to halt by Confed­ erate pickets who were posted at the railroad there, one of whom was Daniel W. S. Knight, a native of Stafford county, Vir­ ginia, and a private in Company A of the 25th Virginia Infantry. Brown instead of halting as commanded to do, drew a revolv­ er and shot at Knight, the bullet clipping his ear, then Knight, who was armed with a smooth­ bore musket loaded with slugs, returned the shot, one slug strik­ ing Brown in the breast and passing through his heart kill­ ing him almost instantly. This affair occurred about 9 o'clock in the evening of May 22, 1861.

Pruntytown, established in 1801, was the first county seat, losing this honor to Grafton in the 1880's. It was originally known as Williamsport, prior to its establishment as a town it was called "Cross Roads," the name officially changed to Pruntytown on the formation of the county and named in honor of David Prunty. However, other authorities claim it was named for Hon. John Prunty. It is the location of the West Virginia Industrial School for Boys, a correctional institution for white boys. Flemington, another munici­ TJ pality in the county, was in­ > corporated in ,'"60, and in 1930 O had a population of 617. m

o z m X > o m x TUCKER COUNTY ix WEST VIRGINIA

TUCKER COUNTY, formed in 1856 from part of Randolph coun­ ty, has an area of 405 square miles and has seven magisterial dis­ tricts. The county, while agricultural, has large quantities of coal and timber. The 1930 population was 13,374. It was named for Hen­ ry St. George Tucker, an eminent jurist and statesman of Virginia. Parsons, the county seat, is located on the Cheat River, at an ele­ vation of 1,650 feet ^^F4^JJ above sea level. It was named in honor of the Parsons Family. Its 1930 population was 2,012. St. George, the origi- ginal seat of justice, was named for St. COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W VA. George Tucker, a re­ lative of the man for whom the county was PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO named, and who at the CLARKSBURG. W. VA. time of its formation COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY was serving as clerk of the House of Delegates of Virginia. The other incorporat­ ed places in the county, with their 1930 popula­ tions are: Davis, 1,656; Hambleton, 368; Hen­ dricks, 484; and Thom­ as, 1,660. TYLER COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE, BELINGTON, W VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

TYLER COUNTY, established in 1814 from part of Ohio county, has a land area of 260 square miles. This is divided into the six mag­ isterial districts of Centerville, Ellsworth, Lin­ coln, Meade, McElroy and Union. The county has a well developed oil and gas production, in addition to its horticultural and agricultural products. It was named in honor of John Tyler, eighth governor of Virginia and father of John Tyler, tenth president of the United States. The first court was held at the home of Charles Wells just below, the present site of Sistersville where he had settled in 1776. The county, according to the 1930 census re­ port, had a population of 12,785. One of the natural phenomena in Tyler county is the "Jug Handle or Jug," a natural wonder in Middle Island Creek a short distance above Middlebourne. Here at one time the creek made a long sweeping bend or loop for a distance of three miles and a half, and re­ tumed to within fifty feet of itself. About the year 1800 a mill race was dug across this narrow neck or peninsula which gave a fall of ten feet and developed sufficient power to op­ erate a mill. Floods have greatly enlarged this cut and now when the water is low the entire flow of the stream runs through this cut. Middlebourne, the county seat was estab­ lished in 1813, on the lands of Robert Gorrell, then in Ohio county, and is located on Middle Island Creek, the present incorporation dating from 1871. It has an elevation of 754 feet above sea level and in 1930 a population of 769. Sistersville, on the Ohio river, was estab­ x lished as a ferry in 1818 and was incorporated > in 1839. It has for years been an important G) oil and gas center. Its population in 1930 was m 3,072. •n H The other municipalities in the county, •< with their 1930 populations are: Centerville, •H 152; Friendly, 170; Paden City, (which lies X partly in Wetzel County), 2,281. X m PAGE FIFTY-FOUR UPSHUR COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA UPSHUR COUNTY, a central county of the state, was formed in COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA. 1851, from Randolph, Barbour and Lewis counties, and named in hon­ PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. or of Abel Parker Upshur of Vir­ ginia, Secretary of State in the CLARKSBURG, W. VA. Cabinet of President John Tyler, COPYRIGHT 1933 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY and who was killed, February 24, 1844 on board the ship Princeton, near Washington, D. C. from the explosion of one of the ship's guns. It has a land area of 351 square miles, which is divided into six magisterial districts as follows: Buckhannon, Banks, Meade, Union, Washington and Warren. Upshur is one of the important agricultural counties of the state, and contains large coal deposits, which have been extensively de­ veloped, also some oil and gas. The population of the county in 1930 was 17,944. Buckhannon, the county seat, was established in 1816. It has an altitude of 1,432 feet and its 1930 population was 4,374. The West Virginia Wesleyan College, originally called West Vir­ ginia Wesleyan Conference Semin­ ary and later changed to its pres­ ent name, located at Buckhannon, was established in 1887. It is maintained by the Methodist Epis­ copal Church of West Virginia and is one of the important institutions of higher learning in the state. PAGE FIFTY-FIVE

WAYNE COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BEUNGTON, W. VA. PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

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WAYNE COUNTY, the most western county in the state, formed in 1842, from part of Cabell Coun­ ty, was named in honor of General Anthony Wayne, of Revolutionary fame. The county has an area of 517 square miles and in 1930 had a population of 31,206. It is both an agricultural and coal produc­ ing county. Ceredo, Butler, Union, Stonewall, Lincoln, Grant and Westmoreland are the seven magisterial districts of the county. Wayne, the county seat, was incorporated in 1882. It is located on Twelve Pole Creek, near the center of the county and was known originally as Trout's Hill in honor of Abraham Trout, on whose land it was located. Later the name was changed to Wayne Court House and then to Wayne. It has an elevation above sea level of 707 feet and in 1930 had a population of 675. Other important incorporated places in the county, with populations as shown by the 1930 cen­ sus reports are: Ceredo, 1,164; Kenova, 3,680; and Cassville (whose post office is Fort Gay), 664. PAGE FIFTY-SIX

WEBSTER COUNTY, the last county in West Virginia to be erected before the separation from Virginia, was organized in 1860 from parts of Nicholas, Braxton and Randolph counties, and named in honor of the New England orator and statesman, Daniel Webster. The county has an area of 583 square miles. It had a population of 14,216 in 1930. Of its natural resources, timber has been most large­ ly developed. Its coal is also very valuable and is now being developed. It has many mineral springs, of which Webster Springs is the best known. The four magisterial districts of the county are: Fork Lick, Glade, Holly and Hacker Valley. Webster Springs is the county seat, that be­ ing the name of the post office, although the official name of the municipality is Addison. It is located on the Elk River at an elevation of 1,509 feet above sea level. In 1930 it had a popu­ lation of 976. The act creating the county, pro­ vided that the seat of justice be located on the lands of Addison McLaughlin at Fork Lick of Elk River and declared that it should be known by the name of Addison, although the name of Fork Lick continued to be applied until March 21, 1873 when the legislature changed the name to Addison in honor of Addison McLaughlin. Two other incorporated places in this county with 1930 populations are Cowen, 491, and Cam- den-on-Gauley, 435.

WEBSTER COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

Seals M,Jes

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON. W VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. COPYRIGHT 1*33 CLAnMRURQ PUBLIBMINO COMPANY WETZEL WEST VIRGINIA Sea. ^e~//eJ • • • Jc// o o /j

COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE. BELINGTON, W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO CLARKSBURG, W. VA. COPYRIGHT I033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY

WETZEL COUNTY, formed in 1846 from a part of Tyler County, was named in honor of Lewis Wetzel, the distinguished frontiersman and Indian scout, (the Daniel Boone of West Vir­ ginia.) It is an agricultural and grazing county, but for many years has been one of the im­ portant oil and gas producing counties in the state. It also possesses great reserves of bitumin­ ous coal, some sections having as many as five workable seams, although little or no develop­ ment of this natural resource has, as yet, been made. The county has an area of 357 square miles, which has been divided into seven magisterial districts, viz: Center, Church, Clay, Grant, Greene, Magnolia and Proctor. Its population in 1930 was 22,334. Lewis Wetzel, for whom the county was named, was bom in August, 1763, in the South Branch Valley. About 1769 his father, John Wetzel, removed to the western country and set­ tled on Wheeling Creek, where Lewis and his brothers were reared. He was not only one of the great Indian scouts in northwestern Virginia, now West Virginia, but also rendered the early settlers and settlements invaluable aid and protection against the wily Indians in their raids on the white settlers. History records him as an invererate hater of the Red men. This exceptional hatred which he bore against the aborigines was bred by reason of his capture by the Indians when just a boy, later the massacre of his father, and from time to time the killing of his friends and companions. He not only fought the Indians, but stalked and killed > them as he would the savage beasts of the forests. His knowledge of woodcraft and his ability to trail an enemy was rarely exceeded by the In­ dians themselves. m He wandered as far south as New Orleans and later returned to Wheeling where he visited some of his old friends, and again returned to the south and died near Natchez, Mississippi in 1808. -n H New Martinsville, on the Ohio River at the mouth of Pishing Creek, was made the seat of justice at the time of the creation of Wetzel county. The site of the city was originally settled by Edward Doolin, who was killed by < the Indians at the door of his cabin in 1785. The land was transferred to Honorable Presley Martin in 1810 and the settlement was named in his honor. It was laid out as a town and legally established by the Virginia AssemDiy in in 1838, as the town of Martinsville. Later the name was changed to New Martinsville. It has an altitude of 630 feet, and a 1930 population of 2,814. m < The other municipalities of the county, with 1930 populations are: Brooklyn (P. O. New Martinsville), 779; Hundred, 788; Littleton, 648; Pine Grove, 820; Smithfield, 609; and Paden City (lying in both Wetzel and Tyler coun­ 2 ties), 2,281. >TJ a m x x j fn 0 x -. COMPILED BY JOHN R. ICE, BELINGTON. W. VA. WIRT COUNTY PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA. WEST VIRGINIA COPYRIGHT 1033 CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY WIRT COUNTY, formed in 1848 from parts of Wood and Jackson counties, was named for William Wirt, a Marylander, who gained fame as an author, orator and law­ yer, in his adopted state of Virginia, has a land area of 218 square miles, which is di­ vided into seven magisterial districts; Burning Springs, Clay, Elizabeth, Newark, Reedy, Spring Creek and Tucker. The coun­ ty's population in 1930 was 6,358. It is an agricultural county, but was the pioneer county of the state in the develop­ ment of oil and gas territory. Burning Springs, located on the north bank of the Little Kanawha river, has a history that reads like a romance. At a very early date, gas was discovered coming out of the ground at this point and, either by accident or design, it was set afire and became wide­ ly known as a great natural phenomena, thus it became known as "The Burning Spring." As early as 1820 small amounts of crude oil was produced and used as a medicant. In 1860 news went out of the great oil discovery at "The Burning Springs." In August of that year, not more than twenty people resided there, but by the date of the firing on Fort Sumter, there were no less than six thousand people at "The Burning Springs." Capitalists and adventurers from every part of the con­ tinent had rushed thither, including Con­ gressmen and United States Senators, among whom was Hon. James G. Blaine, who afterwards became President of the United States. Fortunes were made and lost in a day, a town arose as if by magic. An abundance of natural gas was had from a single well, and was used for lighting, for fuel and to generate steam. This abundance of gas gradually decreased until on a cold night, in the winter of 1867, when every light and fire in the town was suddenly ex­ tinguished; the great reservoir had become exhausted.

Hundreds of thousands of ban-els of oil were shipped from this region between 1860 and 1870. On the 9th of May, 1863, a detachment of Confederate troops, com­ manded by General William E. Jones, visit­ ed the Burning Springs, region and set fire to the oil stored there, which consumed one hundred thousand barrels of the valuable fluid. Elizabeth, the county seat, settled in 1796 by William Beauchamp, and known as Beauchamp's Mills, but changed in 1817 to Elizabeth, in. honor of the wife of David Beauchamp whose maiden name was Eliza­ beth Woodyard. It was made a town in 1817, and is situated on the Little Kanawha River, at an altitude of 646 feet. Its 1930 population was 716.

c*>>' PAGE FIFTY-NINE

WOOD COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA

Scale Miles

COMPILED BY JOHN R ICE. BELINGTON. W. VA.

PUBLISHED BY CLARKSBURG PUBLISHING CO. CLARKSBURG. W. VA.

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WOOD COUNTY, located on the Ohio River was established in 1798 from the western part of Harrison county. It has a land area of 364 square miles, which is divided into the ten magisterial districts of Clay, Harris, Lubeck, Parkersburg, Slate, Steele, Tygart, Union, Walkers and Williams. It is a rich agricultural and manufacturing county, and a producer of oil and gas. The county was named in honor of James W ood, Governor of Virginia, at the time of its formation. The population of the county was 56,521 in 1930. The first court for the county was held August 12, 1799 at the residence of Hugh Phelps. The court fixed the location for the public buildings at Neal's Station. At the same court, Herman Blennerhassett among others, was recommended as one of the Justices of the new county. Some difficulty was had in getting a suf­ ficient number of Justices to serve, and it was not until March 10, 1800 that a full bench was had. On October 3, 1800, it was ordered by the court that the necessary public buildings be erected on the lands of Isaac Williams, on the Ohio river opposite the mouth of the Muskingum. The court held its next session at the residence of Isaac Williams, Novmeber 10, 1800, at which it was again ordered that the next session of the court be held at the residence of Hugh Phelps. At this latter term of court the Justices unanimously agreed that the seat of justice for said county be located on the north side of the Little Kanawha river at its junction with the Ohio, and it was ordered that the public buildings be erected on lands owned by John Stokely, and was then known as "The Point." In 1773 Robert Thornton of Pennsylvania made an entry of 400 acres on the Ohio river at the mouth of the Little Kanawha. This Settlement Right was assigned by Thornton to Alexander Parker of Greene county Pennsylvania. Parker died about the year of 1800, and the land descended to his daughter, Mary Robinson of Allegheny C;ty, Pa. Title to this land was disputed by John Stokely and others, who had previously laid out the town of Newport, so known until 1809, when the Parker heirs gained th^ir suit. In 1810 the town was resurveyed and named Parkersburg in honor of Alexander Parker. Parkersburg, the county seat, located at the junction of the Ohio and Little Kanawha Rivers at an altitude of 616 feet, is an important manufacturing and trading cen .er. Its population in 1930 was 29,623. Blennerhassett Island, near Parkersburg, in the Ohio river, is well known because of Herman Blennerhassett's participation in Aar^n Burr's Conspiracy. Williamstown, on the Ohio river, north of Parkersburg, and named for Isaac Williams is another municipality of Wood County. In 1930 it had a population of 1,657. -o > Fl 2 X

\ WYOMING COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA £= -d „X. '

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WYOMING COUNTY, in the extreme southern section of the state, was formed in 1850 from part of Logan and has a land area of 502 square miles. It has seven magis­ terial districts: Baileysville, Barkers Ridge, Center, Clear Fork, Huffs Creek, Oceana and Slab Fork. The county, with thirty-one seams of workable coal, is one of the state's great coal producing counties, although its agricultural products are of no slight value. It takes its name from the Wyoming tribe of Indians. The population of the county in 1930 was 29,926. Pineville, the county seat since its removal from Oceana some years ago, is located near the center of the county at an altitude of 1,323 feet and had a population in 1930 of 462. Mullens, the county's largest municipality and center of its coal industry, had a population of 2,356 in 1930. Corinne, another important town, had a 1930 population of 494. PAGE S1XTY-ONE Counties of West Virginia, Map Index and Population

Population Population Population County Page 1930 Census County Page 1930 Census County Page 1930 Census Barbour 6 18,628 Lewis 26 21,794 Raleigh 46 68,072 Berkeley 7 28,030 Lincoln 27 19,156 Randolph 47 25,049 Boone 8 24,586 Logan 28 58,534 Braxton 9 22,579 McDowell 29 90,479 Ritchie 48 15,594 Brooke 10 24,663 Marion 30 66,655 Roane 49 19,478 Cabell 11 90,786 Marshall 31 39,831 Summers 50 20,468 Calhoun 12 10,866 Mason 32 20,788 Taylor 51 19,114 Clay 13 13,125 Mercer 33 61,323 Doddridge 14 10,488 Mineral 34 20,084 Tucker 52 13,374 Fayette 15 72,050 Mingo 35 38,319 Tyler 53 12,785 Gilmer 16 10,641 Monongalia 36 50,083 Upshur 54 17,944 Grant 17 8,441 Monroe 37 11,949 Greenbrier 18 35,878 Morgan 38 8,406 Wayne 55 31,206 Hampshire 19 11,836 Nicholas 39 20,686 Webster 56 14,216 Hancock 20 28,511 Ohio 40 72,077 Wetzel 57 22,334 Hardy 21 9,816 Wirt 58 6,358 Pendleton 41 9,660 Wood 59 56,521 Harrison 22 78,567 Pleasants 42 6,545 Wyoming 60 20,926 Jackson 23 16,124 Pocahontas 43 14,555 Jefferson 24 15,780 Preston 44 29,043 Kanawha 25 157,667 Putnam 45 16,737 WEST VIRGINIA TOTAL 1,729,205

Incorporated Towns in West Virginia, Location and Population

City, Town or Village County Population City, Town or Village County Population City, Town or Village County Population 1930 Census 1930 Census 1930 Census Addison (P. O. Webster Springs).- Webster 976 Glenville Gilmer 535 Wetzel 2.281 Albright Preston 345 Grafton Taylor 7,715 Parkersburg Wood 29,605 *Alderson Greenbrier Grantsville Calhoun 1,019 Parsons Tucker 2,011 Monroe 1,458 Paw Paw Morgan 780 Alma (Centerville) Tyler 152 Hambleton Tucker 371 Pax Fayette 608 Ansted Fayette 1,403 Hamlin Lincoln 844 Pennsboro Ritchie 1,616 Athens Mercer 630 Harpers Ferry Jefferson 704 Petersburg Grant 1,407 Aubum Ritchie 165 Harrisville Ritchie 1,192 Peterstown Monroe 412 Hartford Mason 465 Philippi Barbour 1,767 Barboursville Cabell 1,508 Hedgesville Berkeley 361 Piedmont Mineral 2,237 Bayard Grant 743 Henderson Mason 330 Pina Grove Wetzel 819 Beckley Raleigh 9,350 Hendricks _ Tucker 484 Pineville Wyoming 536 Belington Barbour 1,569 Hillsboro Pocahontas 220 Point Pleasant Mason 3,294 Benwood Marshall 3,993 Hinton Summers , 6,642 Pratt Kanawha 325 Berkeley Springs _ Morgan 1,038 •Holidays Cove Brooke Princeton Mercer 6,933 Bethany Brooke 439 Hancock 3/750 Pullman Ritchie 189 Beverly Randolph 429 Hundred Wetzel 781 Blacksville Monongalia 266 Huntington Cabell 75,575 Rainelle Greenbrier 920 Bluefield Mercer 19,325 Hurricane Putnam 1,293 Ranson Jefferson 1,002 Bolivar Jefferson 616 Huttonsville Randolph 303 Ravenswood Jackson 1,190 Bramwell Mercer 1,574 Reedsville Preston 345 Brandonville Preston 78 laeger McDowell .. .. 1,066 Reedy Roane 400 Bridgeport Harrison 1,567 Jane Lew Lewis 445 Renick (Falling Springs) Greenbrier 355 Brooklyn Wetzel 779 Junior Barbour .... 963 Richwood Nicholas 5,720 Bruceton Mills Preston 115 Ridgeley Mineral 1,972 Buckhannon Upshur 4,369 Kenova Wayne .. 3,680 Ripley Jackson 666 Buffalo Putnam 310 Kermit _ Mingo 749 Riverside (P. O. Morgantown)...... Monongalia 940 Burnsville Braxton 868 Keyser Mineral ...... 6,245 Rivesville Marion 1,696 Keystone McDowell .. .. 1,894 Cairo Ritchie 607 Romney Hampshire 1,395 Kimball McDowell .. 1,464 Ronceverte Greenbreir 2,254 Camden-on-Gauley Webster 435 Kingwood Preston .. 1,701 Cameron Marshall 2,282 Rosedale Braxton 175 Capon Bridge Hampshire 192 Layopolis Gilmer 190 Rowlesburg Preston 1,574 Cass Pocahontas 708 Leon Mason 282 Cassville (P. O. Ft. Gay) Wayne 664 Lester Raleigh 609 Sabraton Monongalia 1,703 Cedar Grove Kanawha 1,110 Lewisburg Greenbrier .. 1,292 St. Albans Kanawha 3,252 Centerville (P. O. Alma) Tyler 152 Littleton Wetzel 647 St. Marys Pleasants 2,171 Ceredo Wayne , 1,168 Logan Logan .. 4,395 Salem Harrison 2,518 Charleston Kanawha 60,411 Lumberport Harrison ...... 1,286 Shepherdstown Jefferson 885 Charles Town Jefferson 2,434 Shinnston Harrison 2,800 Chester Hancock 3,681 McMechen ...., Marshall 3,710 Sistersville Tyler 3,037 Clark McDowell 787 Mabscott Raleigh 1,260 Smithfield Wetzel 605 Clarksburg Harrison 28,831 Madison Boone 1,156 Sophia Raleigh 611 Clay Clay 444 Man Logan 834 South Charleston Kanawha 5,904 Clendenin Kanawha 1,215 Mannington Marion 3,258 Spencer Roane 2,494 Coalton (Womelsdorf) Randolph 374 Marlinton Pocahontas 1,586 Star City Monongalia 1,121 Marmet Kanawha 1,200 SummersviUe Nicholas 538 Corinne Wyoming 494 Martinsburg Berkeley 14,855 Sutton Braxton 1,204 Cowen Webster 491 Mason Mason 691 Danville Boone 486 Masontown Preston 922 Terra Alta Preston . . 1,474 Davis Tucker 1,656 Matewan Mingo 932 Thomas Tucker . . 1,667 Dunbar Kanawha 4,191 Matoaka Mercer 929 Thurmond Fayette . 455 Durbin Pocahontas 498 Meadow Bridge Fayette 476 Triadelphia Ohio .... 301 Middlebourne Tyler 772 Troy Gilmer . 101 Eastbank Kanawha 476 Mill Creek Randolph 723 Tunnelton Preston 595 East Rainelle Pocahontas 1,272 Milton Cabell 1,305 Union Monroe 331 Elizabeth Wirt 716 Monongah Marion 1,909 Elk Garden Mineral 299 Montgomery Fayette 2,901 War McDowell . . 1,392 Elkins Randolph 7,306 Montrose Randolph 114 Wardensville Hardy 189 Ellenboro Ritchie 330 Moorefield Hardy 734 Wayne Wayne 975 Morgantown Monongalia 16,169 Fairmont Marion 23,061 Webster Springs (Addison) Webster ... 976 Moundsville Marshall 14,387 Welch McDowell . . 5,494 Fairview Marion 847 Mount Hope Fayette 2,361 Wellsburg Brooke . 5,539 Falling Springs (P. O. Renick).... Greenbrier 355 Mullens Wyoming 2,356 Farmington Marion 817 West Milford Harrison 349 West Union Doddridge 984 Fayetteville Fayette 1,143 New Cumberland Hancock 2,300 Flatwoods Braxton 299 Weston Lewis . 8,651 New Martinsville Wetzel .... 3,000 Westover Monongalia . 1,632 Flemington Taylor 617 Newburg Preston .. 745 Wheeling Ohio 61,752 Follansbee Brooke 4,839 Northfolk McDowell 499 White Sulphur Springs Greenbrier 1,484 Franklin Pendleton 428 Nutter Fort Harrison 1,825 Friendly Tyler 170 Williamsburg Greenbrier 159 Oak Hill Fayette ... 2,076 Williamson Mingo 9,410 Gassaway Braxton 1,615 Oakvale Mercer ... 261 Williamstown Wood 1,655 Gilbert Mingo 461 Osborne - Kanawha 167 Winfield Putnam 294 Glasgow Kanawha 614 Womelsdorf (P. O. Coalton) Randolph 374 Glendale Marshall 1,493 •Paden City Tyler Worthington Marion 420

*Part in two counties as listed. PAGE SIXTY-TWO Alphabetical List of West Virginia Post Offices, The Coimty in Which Located And Page Reference

b Crites, Logan 28 Elkridge, Fayette * Bellwood, Fayette 15 Canaan, Upshur 54 Elkview, Kanawha fl A Canebrake, McDowell 29 Crosby, Clay 13 Belmont, Pleasants 42 Crow, Raleigh 46 Elkwater, Randolph *' Abbott, Upshur 54 Belo, Mingo 35 Canfield, Braxton 9 Ellamore, Randolph *' Abner, Raleigh 46 Cannelton, Payette 15 Crown, Logan 28 Belt, Hampshire 19 Crown Hill, Kanawha 25 Ellenboro, Ritchie *°£ Abraham, Raleigh 46 Belva, Nicholas 39 Canvas, Nicholas 39 Elliott, Fayette Vf~' Accoville, Logan 28 Bemis, Randolph 47 Capehart, Mason 32 Crow Summit, Jackson 23 Crum, Wayne 55 Ellison, Summers :—- °V Acme, Kanawha 25 Benbush, Tucker 52 Capels, McDowell 29 Elm Grove, (Sta. Wheeling), Ohio.. 40 Acup, Kanawha 25 Caperton, Fayette 15 Grumpier, McDowell 29 Bennett, Gilmer 16 Crumps Bottom, Summers 50 Elmira, Braxton P Ada, Mercer 33 Bens Run, Tyler 53 Capon Bridge, Hampshire 19 Elmwood, Mason j>e Adrian, Upshur 54 Bentree, Nicholas 39 Capon Springs, Hampshire 19 Crystal, Mercer 33 Captina, Marshall 31 Cucumber, McDowell 29 Elton, Summers °0 Advent, Jackson 23 Benwood, Marshall 31 Elverton, Fayette lo Affinity, Raleigh 46 Berea, Ritchie 48 Carbon, Kanawha 25 Culloden, Cabell 11 Carbondale, Fayette 15 Cunard, Fayette 15 Emmett, Logan 28 Albert, Tucker 52 Bergoo, Webster 56 Emmons, Kanawha 25 Albion, Nicholas 39 Berkeley Springs, Morgan 38 Caress, Braxton 9 Curry, Logan 28 Albright, Preston 44 Caretta, McDowell 29 Cutlips, Braxton 9 Emeryville, Mineral 34 Bernie, Lincoln 27 Endicott, Wetzel 57 Alderson, Monroe 37 Berryburg, Barbour 6 Carl, Nicholas 39 Cuzzart, Preston 44 Alexander, Upshur 54 Carlisle, Fayette 15 Cuzzie, Lincoln 27 Engle, Jefferson 24 Berwind, McDowell 29 English, McDowell 29 Algoma, McDowell 29 Beryl, Mineral 34 Carolina, Marion 30 Cyclone, Wyoming 60 Alkol, Lincoln 27 Cascade, Preston 44 Czar, Randolph 47 Enoch, Clay 13 Besoco, Raleigh 46 Enon, Nicholas 39 Allen, Lincoln 27 Bethany, Brooke 10 Cashmere, Monroe 37 Allen Junction, Wyoming 60 Cass, Pocahontas 43 D Enterprise, Harrison 22 Beverly, Randolph 47 Epperly, Raleigh 46 Allingdale, Nicholas 39 Bias, Mingo 35 Cassie, Wayne 55 Dahmer, Pendleton 41 Allister. Wetzel 57 Cassity, Randolph 47 Dale, Tyler 53 Erbacon, Webster 56 Bickmore, Clay 13 Erwin, Preston 44 Alloy, Fayette 15 Bigbend, Calhoun 12 Cassville, Monongalia 36 Dallas, Marshall 31 Alma, Tyler 53 Catawba, Marion 30 Dameron, Raleigh 46 Eskdale, Kanawha 25 Big Chimney, Kanawha 25 Esty, Greenbrier 18 Alpena, Randolph 47 Big Creek, Logan 28 Cave, Pendleton 41 Danese, Fayette 15 Alpoca, Wyoming 60 Cecil, Taylor 51 Daniels, Raleigh 46 Ethel, Logan 28 Big Four, McDowell 29 Euclid, Calhoun 12 Altizer, Calhoun 12 Big Isaac, Doddridge 14 Cedar Grove, Kanawha 25 Danville, Boone 8 Alton, Upshur 54 Cedarville, Gilmer 16 Darke, Jefferson 24 Eunice, Raleigh 46 Big Otter, Clay 13 Eureka, Pleasants 42 Alum Bridge, Lewis 26 Big Run, Wetzel 57 Center Point, Doddridge 14 Dartmoor, Barbour 6 Alum Creek, Kanawha 25 Centralia, Braxton 9 Davin, Logan 28 Eva, Rithcie 48 Big Sandy, McDowell 29 Evans, Jackson 23 Alvon, Greenbrier 18 Big Springs, Calhoun 12 Central Station, Doddridge 14 Davis, Tucker 52 Alvy, Tyler 53 Century, Barbour 6 Davison, Braxton 9 Evenwood, Randolph 47 Bim, Boone 8 Everettville, Monongalia 36 Amblersburg, Preston 44 Bingham, Greenbrier 18 Ceredo, Wayne 55 Davisville, Wood 59 Amboy, Preston 44 Chapel, Braxton 9 Davy, McDowell 29 Excelsior, McDowell 29 Birch River, Nicholas 39 Exchange, Braxton 9 Ambrosia, Mason 32 Birch Run, Clay 13 Chapmanville, Logan 28 Dawes, Kanawha 25 Ameagle, Raleigh 46 Birchton, Raleigh 46 Charleston, Kanawha 25 Dawmont, Harrison 22 Amherstdale, Logan 28 Bismark, Grant 17 South Charleston, Kanawha 25 Dawson, Greenbrier 18 F Amigo, Raleigh 46 Blacksville, Monongalia 36 Charles Town, Jefferson 24 Dean, Wetzel 57 Fabius, Hardy 21 Amma, Roane 49 Blaine, Mineral 34 Charmco, Greenbrier 18 Decota, Kanawha 25 Fairmont, Marion 30 Anawalt, McDowell 29 Blair, Logan 28 Chattaroy, Mingo 35 Deep Water, Fayette 15 Monongah, (Ind.) Marion 30 Angerona, Jackson 23 Blakeley, Kanawha 25 Cheat Brdige, Randolph 47 Dehue, Logan 28 Fairplain, Jackson 23 Anjean, Greenbrier 18 Blaker Mills, Greenbrier 18 Chelyan, Kanawha 25 Deer Run, Pendleton 41 Fairview, Marion 30 Anmoore, Harrison 22 Blandville, Doddridge 14 Cherry Grove, Pendleton 41 Dekalb, Gilmer 16 Falling Waters, Berkeley 7 Annamoriah, Calhoun 12 Bloomery, Hampshire 19 Cherry Run, Morgan 38 Delbarton, Mingo 35 Fallsmill, Braxton 9 Anstead, Fayette 15 Bloomingrose, Boone 8 Chesapeake, Kanawha 25 Dellslow, Monongalia 36 Fame, Pendleton 41 Anthony, Greenbrier 18 Bloomington, Roane 49 Chester, Hancock 20 Delray, Hampshire 19 Fanrock, Wyoming 60 Antioch, Mineral 34 Blue Creek, Kanawha 25 Chloe, Calhoun 12 Denmar, Pocahontas 43 Far, Wetzel 57 Apgah, Kanawha 25 Bluefield, Mercer 33 Christian, Logan 28 Dennis, Greenbrier 18 Farmington, Marion 30 Apple Farm, Calhoun 12 Blue Jay, Raleigh 46 Cicerone, Roane 49 Dessie, Braxton 9 Fayette, Fayette 15 Apnle Grove, Mason 32 Bluespring, Randolph 47 Cinco, Kanawha 25 Devilsfork, Wyoming 60 Fayetteville, Fayette 15 Arbovale, Pocahontas 43 Bluestone, Mercer 33 Cinderella, Mingo 35 Diamond, Kanawha 25 Federal, Pleasants 42 Arbuckle. Mason 32 Blue Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier 18 CircleviUe, Pendleton 41 Diana, Webster 56 Fenwick, Nicholas 39 Areola, Webster 56 Board Tree, Marshall 31 Claremont, Fayette 15 Dickson, Wayne 55 Ferguson, Wayne 55 Arden, Barbour 6 Boaz, Wood 59 Clarksburg, Harrison 22 Dille, Clay 13 Ferrellsburg, Lincoln 27 Arista, Mercer 33 Boggs, Webster 56 Clay, Clay 13 Dillons Run, Hampshire 19 Filbert, McDowell 29 Arlee, Mason 32 Boliar, Webster 56 Clayton, Summers 50 Dingess, Mingo 35 Fireco, Raleigh 46 Arlington. Upshur 54 Bolivar, Jefferson 24 Clearco, Greenbrier 18 Dingy, Braxton 9 Fire Creek, Fayette 15 Arnett, Raleigh 46 Bolt, Raleigh 46 Clear Creek, Raleigh 46 Dink, Clay 13 Fisher, Hardy 21 Amoldsburg, Calhoun 12 Bomont, Clay 13 Clear Fork, Wyoming 60 Dixie, Nicholas 39 Fitzpatrick, Raleigh 46 Arthur. Grant 17 Bonnie, Braxton 9 Clem. Braxton 9 Dodrill, Calhoun 12 Flatfork, Roane 49 Artie. Raleigh 46 Boomer, Fayette 15 Clendenin, Kanawha 25 Dola, Harrison 22 Flats, Hardy 21 Arvilla, Pleasants 42 Boone, Fayette 15 Cleveland, Webster 56 Doliie, Lincoln 27 Flat Top, Mercer 33 Asbury, Greenbrier 18 Booth, Monongalia 36 Clifftop, Fayette 15 Donald, Nicholas 39 Flat Woods, Braxton 9 Asco. McDowell 29 Borderland, Mingo 35 Clifton, Mason 32 Donohue, Ritchie 48 Plemington, Taylor 51 Ashford, Boone 8 Bowden, Randolph 47 Clifton Mills. Preston 44 Dora, Gilmer 16 Fletcher, Jackson 23 Ashland. McDowell 29 Bower, Braxton 9 Clifty, Fayette 15 Dorcas, Grant 17 Flint, Randolph 47 Ashley, Doddridge 14 Bowles, Lincoln 27 Clintonville, Greenbrier 18 Dorfee, Clay 13 Floe, Clay 13 Ashton, Mason 3? Bownemont, Kanawha 25 Clio, Roane 49 Dorothy, Raleigh 46 Flower, Braxton 9 Assurance. Monroe 37 Boyer, Pocahontas 43 Clothier, Logan 28 Dorr, Monroe 37 Fola, Clay ; 13 Athens, Mercer 33 Bozoo, Monroe 37 Clover, Roane 49 Dothan, Payette 15 Follansbee, Brooke 10 Aubum, Ritchie 48 Brabant, Wayne 55 Clover Lick, Pocahontas 43 Dott, Mercer 33 Foisom, Wetzel 57 Augusta, Hampshire 19 Bradshaw, McDowell 29 Coalburg, Kanawha 25 Douglas, Calhoun 12 Fonzo, Ritchie 48 Aurora. Preston 44 Brady, Monongalia 36 Coal City, Raleigh 46 Droop, Greenbrier 18 Forest Hill, Summers 50 Auto, Greenbrier 18 Bradyville, Lincoln 27 Coaldale, Mercer 33 Drybranch, Kanawha 25 Forman, Grant 17 Avon. Doddridge 14 Braeholm, Logan 28 Coal Fork. Kanawha 25 Dry Creek, Raleigh 46 Fort Ashby. Mineral 34 Avondale, McDowell 29 Bramwell, Mercer 33 Coalton, Randolph 47 Dryfork, Randolph 47 Fort Branch, Logan 28 Branchland, Lincoln 27 Coalwood, McDowell 29 Duck, Clay 13 Fort Gay, Wayne 55 B Brandonville, Preston 44 Coburn, Wetzel 57 Duffy, Lewis 26 Fort Neal, Wood (Branch of Backus, Fayette 15 Brandywine, Pendleton 41 Coco, Kanawha 25 Duhring, Merser 33 Parkersburg) 59 Baileysville, Wyoming 60 Braxton, Braxton 9 Coe, Nicholas 39 Dunbar, Kanawha 25 Fort Run, Hardy 21 Baisden, Mingo 35 Breeden, Mingo 35 Cokeleys, Ritchie 48 Duncan, Jackson 23 Fort Seybert, Pendleton 41 Baker, Hardy 21 Bretz, Preston 44 Coketon, Tucker 52 Dundon, Clay 13 Fort Spring, Greenbrier 18 Bakerton, Jefferson 24 Bridgeport, Harrison 22 Colcord, Raleigh 46 Dunlow, Wayne 55 Foster, Boone 8 Bald Knob, Boone 8 Bristol, Harrison 22 Cold Stream, Hampshire 19 Dunmore, Pocahontas 43 Four States, Marion 30 Baldwin, Gilmer 16 Brohard, Ritchie 48 Cold Water, Doddridge 14 Dunns, Mercer 33 Fourteen. Lincoln 27 Ballard, Monroe 37 Brood, Pendleton 41 Colfax, Marion 30 Duo, Greenbrier 18 Fowler Knob, Nicholas 39 Ballengee, Summers 50 Brooklyn, Fayette 15 Colliers, Brooke 10 Durbin. Pocahontas 43 Frame, Kanawha 25 Bamboo, Nicholas 39 Brosius, Morgan 38 Comfort, Boone 8 Dusk, Gilmer 16 Frametown, Braxton 9 Banco, Logan 28 Brounland, Kanawha 25 Concho, Fayette 15 Dutch, Braxton 9 Frank, Pocahontas 43 Bancroft, Putnam 45 Brown, Harrison 22 Confidence, Putnam 45 Dyer, Webster 56 Frankford, Greenbrier 18 Barboursville, Cabell 11 Brownton, Barbour 6 Congo, Hancock 20 Franklin, Pendleton 41 Bardane, Jefferson 24 Bruce, Nicholas 39 Cool Ridge, Raleigh 46 E Fraziers Bottom, Putnam 45 Barn, Mercer 33 Bruceton Mills. Preston 44 Coopers, Mercer 33 Freed, Calhoun 12 Copen, Braxton 9 Eagle, Fayette 15 Freeman, Mercer 33 Barnabus, Logan 28 Brushy Run, Pendleton 41 Earling, Logan 28 Barnum, Mineral 34 Buck, Summers 50 Cordova, Greenbrier 18 Freemansburg, Lewis 26 Core, Monongalia 36 Eastbank, Kanawha 25 French Creek, Upshur 54 Barrackville, Marion 30 Buckeye, Pocahontas 43 East Beckley, Raleigh 46 Barrett, Boone 8 Buckhannon. Upshur 54 Corinne, Wyoming 60 Frenchton. Upshur 54 Corinth, Preston 44 Eastgulf, Raleigh 46 Friars Hill, Grenbrier 18 Bartley, McDowell 29 Bud. Wyoming 60 East Lynn, Wayne 55 Bartow, Pocahontas 43 Buffalo, Putnam 45 Corley, Braxton 9 Friendly, Tyler 53 Corliss, Fayette 15 East Rainelle, Greenbrier 18 Frost, Pocahontas 43 Basin, Wyoming 60 Bulg-er, Lincoln 27 East Side, (Sta. Fairmont) Marion 30 Bass, Hardy 21 Bunker Hill, Berkeley 7 Corner, Grant 17 Frozen, Calhoun 12 Cornstalk, Greenbrier 18 East Williamson, (Sta. Williamson) Baxter, Marion 30 Burchfield, Wetzel 57 Mingo 35 Bayard, Grant 17 Burlington. Mineral 34 CornwaUis, Ritchie 48 Corton, Kanawha 25 Batons, Wood 59 G Beard, Pocahontas 43 Burning Springs. Wirt 58 Eccles, Raleigh 46 Gad, Nicholas 39 Beards Fork, Fayette 15 Bumsville, Braxton 9 Costa, Boone 8 Cottageville, Jackson 23 Echart, Boone 8 Gaines, Upshur 54 Bearsville, Tyler 53 Burnt House, Ritchie 48 Eckman, McDowell 29 Gallagher, Kanawha 25 Beatrice, Ritchie 48 Burnwpl.I Kanawha 25 Countsville, Roane 49 Cove Gan, Wayne 55 Edgarton, Mingo 35 Gallipolis Ferry, Barbour 6 Bebee, Wetzel 57 Burr. Pocahontas 43 Edmond, Fayette 15 Galloway, Barbour 6 Beckley, Raleigh 46 Burton. Wetzel 57 Covel, Wyoming 60 Cowen. Webster 56 Edray, Pocahontas 43 Gamoca, Fayette 15 Beckwith, Fayette 15 Byrnside, Putnam 45 Gandeeville, Roane 49 Bedington, Berkeley 7 Coxs Mills. Gilmer 16 Edwright, Raleigh 46 Crab Orchard, Raleigh 46 Egeria, Raleigh 46 Ganotown, Berkeley 7 Bee, Putnam 45 Gap Mills, Monroe 37 Beech, Calhoun 12 c Cra«r, Greenbrier 18 Eggleton, Putnam 45 Cabell, Boone 8 Craigsville, Nicholas 39 Eglon, Preston 44 Gardner, Mercer 33 Beechbottom, Brooke 10 Garland, McDowell 29 Beech Hill, Mason 32 Cabincreek, Kanawha 25 Cranberry, Raleigh 46 Eight, McDowell 29 Cainsburg. Roane 49 Crawford, Lewis 26 Eight Ave, (Sta. Huntington) Garretts Bend, Lincoln 27 Beelick Knob, Fayette 15 Garrison. Boone 8 Beeson, Mercer 33 Cairo, Ritchie 48 Crawley, Greenbrier 18 Elana, Roane 49 Caldwell, Greenbrier 18 Creamery, Monroe 37 Elbert, McDowell 29 Garten. Fayette 15 Belfont, Braxton 9 Gary, McDowell 29 Belgrove, Jackson 23 Calvin, Nicholas 39 Creek, Pendleton 41 Elgood, Mercer 33 Camden, Lewis 26 Creekvale, Harapshire 19 Elizabeth, Wirt 58 Gassaway, Braxton 9 Belington, Barbour 6 Gates, Monroe 37 Bellbum, Greenbrier 18 Camden-on-Gauley, Webster 56 Cremo, Calhoun 12 Elk, Tucker 52 Cameron. Marshall 31 Cressmont. Clay 13 Elk Garden, Mineral 34 Gauley Bridge, Fayette 15 Belle, Kanawha 25 Gauley Mills, Webster 56 Bellepoint, Summers 50 Camp Alleghany, Greenbrier 18 Creston, Wirt 58 Elkhorn, McDowell 29 Camp Creek, Mercer 33 Crichton, Greenbrier 18 Elkhurst, Clay 13 Gay, Jackson 23 Belleville, Wood 59 Gem, Braxton 9 Bellton, Marshall 31 Campslab, Greenbrier 18 Crickmer, Payette 15 Elkins, Randolph 47 PAGE

Alphabetical List of West Virginia Post Offices, The County in Which Located And Page Reference

Jenoa, Wayne 55 Herold, Braxton 9 Kenova, Wayne 55 Loom, Hampshire 19 Minnora, Calhoun 12 lerrardstown, Berkeley 7 Hettie, Braxton 9 Kentuck, Jackson 23 Looneyville, Roane 49 Missouri Branch, Wayne 55 Ihent, Raleigh 46 Hetzel, Logan 28 Kernes, Randolph 47 Lorado, Logan 28 Mitcell, Pendleton 41 liatto, Mercer 33 Hewett, Boone 8 Kermit, Mingo 35 Lorentz, Upshur 54 Moatsville, Barbour 6 iilbert, Mingo 35 Hiawatha, Mercer 33 Keslers Cross Lanes, Nicholas 39 Lory, Boone 8 Mobley, Wetzel 57 wilboa, Nicholas 39 Hico, Fayette 15 Kessel, Hardy 21 Losie, Calhoun 12 Mohawk, McDowell 29 Gill, Lincoln 27 Higginsville, Hampshire 19 Kester, Roane 49 Lost City, Hardy 21 Mohegan, McDowell 29 Gilliam, McDowell 29 Highcoal, Boone 8 Ketterman, Grant 17 Lost Creek, Harrison 22 Mole Hill, Ritchie 48 Gilmer, Gilmer 16 Highland, Ritchie 48 Kettle, Roane 49 Lost River, Hardy 21 Mona, Monongalia 36 G;p, Braxton 9 High View, Hampshire 19 Key, Pendleton 41 Loveridge, Greenbrier 18 Monaville, Logan 28 Girta, Ritchie 48 Hillsboro, Pocahontas 43 Keyrock, Wyoming 60 Lovem, Summers 50 Monclo, Logan 28 Given, Jackson 23 Hilltop, Fayette 15 Keyser, Mineral 34 Lowe, Mercer 33 Monongah, Marion 30 Glace, Monroe 37 Hinch, Mingo 35 Keystone, McDowell 29 Lowell, Summers 50 Montana Mines, Marion 30 Glade Farms, Preston 44 Hinton, Summers, 50 Kiahsville, Wayne 55 Lowgap, Boone 8 Montcalm, Mercer 33 Glady, Randolph 47 Hix, Summers 50 Kieffer, Greenbrier 18 Lowney, Mingo 35 Montcoal, Raleigh 46 Glasgow, Kanawha 25 Hoard, Monongalia 36 Killarney, Raleigh 46 Lucas, Fayette 15 Monterville, Randolph 47 Glebe, Hampshire 19 Hogsett, Mason 32 Kilsyth, Fayette 15 Lumberport, Harrison 22 Montgomery, Fayette 15 Glen, Clay 13 Holcomb, Nicholas 39 Kimball, McDowell 29 Lundale, Logan 28 Montrose, Randolph 47 Glenalum, Mingo 35 Holden, Logan 28 Kimberly, Payette 15 Moore, Tucker 52 Glen Dale, Marshall 31 Hollidays Cove, Hancock 20 Kincaid, Fayette 15 Mc Moorefield, Hardy 21 Glen Daniel, Raleigh 46 Holly, Braxton 9 Kincheloe, Harrison 22 McAlpine, Raleigh 46 Mooresville. Monongalia 36 Glendon, Braxton 9 Holly Grove, Upshur 54 Kingmont, Marion 30 McCauley, Hardy 21 Morgansville, Doddridge 14 Glen Easton, Marshall 31 Hollywood, Monroe 37 Kingston, Fayette 15 McComas, Mercer 33 Morgantown, Monongalia 36 Glen Ferris, Payette 15 Holstead, Braxton 9 Kingwood, Preston 44 McConnell, Logan 28 Morris, Nicholas 39 Glenfork, Wyoming 60 Hominy Falls, Nicholas 39 Kirby, Hampshire 19 McCorkle, Lincoln 27 Morrisvale, Boone 8 Glengary, Berkeley 7 Hookersville, Nicholas 39 Kirk, Mingo 35 McCreery, Raleigh 46 Moss, Gilmer 16 Glenhayes, Wayne 55 Hooks Mills, Hampshire 19 Kirkwood, Nicholas 39 McDowell, McDowell 29 Moundsville, Marshall 31 Glen Hedrick, Raleigh 46 Hopemont, Preston 44 Kistler, Logan 28 McGraws, Wyoming 60 Mount Alto, Jackson 23 Glen Jean, Fayette 15 Horner, Lewis 26 Kleenkoal, Logan 28 McKeefrey, Marshall 31 Mount Carbon. Fayette 15 Glen Morgan, Raleigh 46 Horse Shoe Run, Preston 44 Kline, Pendleton 41 McKendree, Fayette 15 Mount Clare. Harrison 22 Glen Morrison, Wyoming 60 Hosterman, Pocahontas 43 Knapp, Braxton 9 McMechen, Marshall 31 Mount Gay, Logan 28 Glenray, Summers 50 Hotchkiss, Raleigh 46 Knob Fork, Wetzel 57 McNeill, Hardy 21 Mount Hope. Fayette 15 Glen Rogers, Wyoming 60 Hotcoal, Raleigh 46 Knobs, Monroe 37 McWhorter, Harrison 22 Mount Lookout. Nicholas 39 Glenville, Gilmer 16 Hoult, Marion 30 Kodol, Wetzel 57 Maben, Wyoming 60 Mount Nebo. Nicholas 39 Glen White, Raleigh 46 Howard, Marshall 31 Kovan, Webster 56 Mabie, Randolph 47 Mount Storm. Grant 17 Glenwood, Mason 32 Howesville, Preston 44 Kyger, Roane 49 Mabscott, Raleigh 46 Mountview, Summers 50 Glovergap, Marion 30 Hoy, Hampshire 19 Kyle, McDowell 29 MacBeth, Logan 28 Mount Zion. Calhoun 12 Goffs, Ritchie 48 Hubball, Lincoln 27 Macdonald, Fayette 15 Mouth of Seneca, Pendleton 41 Good, Hampshire 19 Hudnall, Kanawha 25 L MacDunn, Fayette 15 Movers. Pendleton 41 Goodwill, Mercer 33 Hudson, Preston 44 La Prank, Nicholas 39 Mozer, Pendleton 41 Gordon, Boone 8 Hughart. Greenbrier 18 Lahmansville, Grant 17 M Mud. Lincoln 27 Gormania, Grant 17 Hugheston, Kanawha 25 Laing, Kanawha 25 Mace, Pocahontas 43 Mudfork, Calhoun 12 Gould, Upshur 54 Hundred, Wetzel 57 Lake, Logan 28 Macfarlan, Ritchie 48 Mullens. Wvoming «0 Grace, Roane 49 Huntersville, Pocahontas 43 Lakin, Mason 32 Macksville, Pendleton 41 Munday, Wirt 58 Grafton, Taylor 51 . Hunting Ground, Pendleton 41 Lamar, Mercer 33 Madam Creek, Summers 50 Munition. Raleigh 46 Graham Station, Mason 32 Huntington, Cabell 11 Lanark, Raleigh 46 Madeleine, Raleigh 46 Murraysville. Jackson 23 Grandview, Raleigh 46 Hur, Calhoun 12 Landes, Grant 17 Madison, Boone 8 Myra. Lincoln 27 Grantsville, Calhoun 12 Hurricane, Putnam 45 Landgraff, McDowell 29 Maggie, Mason 32 Myrtle, Mingo 35 Grant Town, Marion 30 Hurst, Lewis 26 Landisburg, Fayette 15 Magnolia, Morgan 38 Grassy, Wayne 55 Huttonsville, Randolph 47 Landville, Logan 28 Mahan, Fayette 15 N Grassy Meadows, Greenbrier 18 Hyer, Braxton 9 Lanham, Putnam 45 Maher, Mingo 35 Nallen, Fayette 15 Lansing, Fayette 15 Mahone, Ritchie 48 Graydon, Fayette 15 I Naoma, Raleigh 46 Great Cacapon, Morgan 38 Lantz, Barbour 6 Maidsville, Monongalia 36 Napier, Braxton 9 Green Bank, Pocahontas 43 laeger, McDowell 29 Larew, Preston 44 Maitland, McDowell 29 Nat, Mason 32 Greenland. Grant 17 Idamay, Marion 30 Largent, Morgan 38 Maiden, Kanawha 25 National, Monongalia 36 Green Spring, Hampshire 19 Imperial, Upshur 54 Laurel Branch, Monroe 37 Mallory, Logan 28 Independence, Preston 44 Naugatuck, Mingo 35 Green Sulphur Springs, Summers .. 50 Laurel Creek, Fayette 15 Mammoth, Kanawha 25 Neals Run, Hampshire 19 Greenview, Boone 8 Index, Gilmer 16 Laurel Dale, Mineral 34 Man, Logan 28 Nebo, Clay 13 Greenville. Monroe 37 Indian Mills, Summers 50 Lavalette, Wayne 55 Mandeville, Summers 50 Needmore, Hardy 21 Greenwood, Doddridge 14 Indore, Clay 13 Lawford, Ritchie 48 Manheim, Preston 44 Neibert, Logan 28 Greer, Monongalia 36 Industrial, Harrison 22 Lawn, Greenbrier 18 Manila, Boone 8 Nellis, Boone 8 Gregory. Braxton 9 Industry, Calhoun 12 Lawton. Fayette 15 Mannington, Marion 30 Nemours, Mercer _ 33 Greyeagle. Mingo 35 Ingleside, Mercer 33 Layland, Fayette 15 Maplewood, Fayette 15 Neola, Greenbrier 18 Griffithsville, Lincoln 27 Ingo, Lewis 26 Lead Mine, Tucker 52 Marfork, Raleigh 46 Neponset, Summers 50 Grimms Landing. Mason 32 Inkerman, Hardy 21 Leander, Fayette 15 Marcus. Webster 56 Nestorville, Barbour _... 6 Guthrie. Kanawha 25 Institute, Kanawha _ 25 Leckie, McDowell 29 Marfrance, Greenbrier 18 Nettie, Nicholas 39 Guyan, Wyoming 60 Interment, Hampshire 19 Leevale, Raleigh 46 Marie. Summers 50 New, Raleigh _... 46 Guyandotte, (Ind. Sta. Huntington) Inwood, Berkeley 7 Leewood, Kanawha 25 Marigold, Lincoln 27 Newark, Wirt 58 Cabell 11 Ira, Clay 13 Left Hand, Roane 49 Marlinton, Pocahontas 43 Newberne, Gilmer 16 Gypsy, Harrison 22 Ireland, Lewis 26 Legg, Kanawha 25 Marmet, Kanawha 25 Newburg, Preston _ 44 Isaban, McDowell 29 Lego, Raleigh 46 Martin, Grant 17 Newcreek, Mineral 34 H Islandbranch, Kanawha 25 Lehew, Hampshire 19 Marting. Fayette 15 New Cumberland, Hancock 20 Hacker Valley, Webster 56 Itmann, Wvoming 60 Leivasy, Nicholas 39 Martinsburg, Berkeley 7 luka, Tyler 53 Newell, Hancock 20 Hager, Lineoln 27 Lenore, Mingo 35 Marvel, Fayette 15 New England, Wood 59 Hall, Barbour 6 Ivan, Wirt 58 Leon, Mason 32 Marytown, McDowell 29 Newhall, McDowell 29 Hallburg, Clay 13 Ivanhoe, Upshur 54 Leonard, Greenbrier 18 Mason, Mason 32 Ivydale, Clay 13 New Haven, Mason 32 Halltown, Jefferson 24 Leopold, Doddridge 14 Mason Town, Preston 44 Newlonton, Upshur 54 Hambleton, Tucker 52 Lerona, Mercer 33 Masonville, Grant 17 Newlyn, Fayette 15 Hamlet, Raleigh 46 J Le Roy, Jackson 23 Matewan, Mingo 35 Jacksonburg, Wetzel 57 New Martinsville, Wetzel 57 Hamlin, Lincoln 27 Lesage, Cabell 11 Mathias, Hardy 21 New Milton, Doddridge 14 i fammond, Marion 30 Jacox, Pocahontas 43 Leslie, Greenbrier 18 Matoaka, Mercer 33 Jane Lew, Lewis 26 New Thacker, Mingo 35 [Hampden, Mingo 35 Lester, Raleigh 46 Maud, Wetzel 57 Newton, Roane 49 H.andley, Kanawha 25 Jeffery, Boone 8 Let, Gilmer 16 Mavis, Braxton 9 Jenkinjones, McDowell 29 Newtown, Mingo _ 35 i Ha'i gbig Rock, Hampshire 19 Letart, Mason 32 Maxwell, Pleasants 42 Newville, Braxton 9 Hamnwer, Wyoming 60 Jenky, Fayette 15 Letherbark, Calhoun 12 Maxwelton, Greenbrier 18 Jenningston, Tucker 52 Nicut, Calhoun 12 Hansfcn-d, Kanawha 25 Letter Gap, Gilmer - 16 Maybeury, McDowell 29 Nitro, Kanawha 25 Hany. Wayne 55 Jere, Monongalia 36 Levels. Hampshire 19 Maynor. Raleigh 46 Jesse. Wyoming 60 Nobe, Calhoun _ 12 Hardin;?, Randolph 47 Levi, Braxton 9 Maysville. Grant 17 Nolan, Mingo 35 Hardmam, Gilmer 16 Jetsville, Nicholas 39 Lewisburg, Greenbrier 18 Mead, Raleigh 46 Job, Randolph 47 Normantown, Gilmer 16 Harman, Randolph 47 Lex, McDowell 29 Meador, Mingo 35 Northfork, McDowell 29 rmony, Roane 49 Jochin, Kanawha 25 Liberty, Putnam 45 Meadow Bluff, Greenbrier 18 North Matewan, Mingo 35 Jodie, Fayette 15 Lick Creek, Summers 50 Meadow Bridge. Fayette 15 rperv Rialeigh 46 North Mountain, Berkeley 7 Harper| Ferry, Jefferson 24 Joker, Calhoun 12 Lico, Kanawha 25 Meadowbrook. Harrison 22 North Ravenswood. Jackson 23 Harrison, CUy 13 Jolo, McDowell 29 Lilly, Summers 50 Meadow Creek, Summers 50 Jonben, Raleigh 46 Northriver Mills, Hampshire 19 Harrisville, Ritchie 48 Lillybrook, Raleigh 46 Meadville, Tyler 53 North Spring, Wyoming _... 60 Hartford, Maso^ 32 Jones Springs, Berkeley 7 Lima. Tyler 53 Medley, Grant 17 Jordan, Marion 30 Norton, Randolph 47 Hartland, Clay 13 Linden, Roane 49 Meeke'r, Tyler 53 Notomine. Kanawha 25 Harts, Lincoln 27 Jordan, Run, Grant 17 Lindsey, Mingo 35 Mellin, Ritchie 48 Josephs Mills, Tyler 53 Nuriva. Wyoming 60 Harvey, Fayette 15 Lindside, Monroe 37 Mercers Bottom, Mason 32 Nuttallburg, Fayette 15 Hastings. Wetzel 57 Judson, Summers 50 Link, Tyler 53 Meriden, Barbour 6 Julia, Greenbrier 18 Nutter Fort, Harrison 22 Havaco, McDoTvell 29 Linn, Gilmer 16 Merideth, Wayne 55 Nutterville, Greenbrier 18 Hawks Nest, Fayette 15 Julian, Boone 8 Linwood, Pocahontas 43 Merrimac, Mingo 35 Haywood, Harrison 22 Jumping Branch, Summers 50 Little Birch. Braxton 9 Metalton, Raleigh 46 Hazelgrce:i. Ritchie 48 Junction. Hampshire 19 Little Falls, Monongalia 36 Metz, Marion 30 0 Hazelto -„ Preston 44 Junior, Barbour 6 Little Otter. Braxton 9 Miami. Kanawha 25 Oak Hill, Fayette 15 Haz-. Raleierh 46 Junta, Summers 50 Littleton. Wetzel 57 Middlebourne. Tyler 53 Oakland. Morgan 38 &T.adsville. Mineral 34 Justice, Mingo 35 Litwar, McDowell 29 Midkiff, Lincoln 27 Oakmont. Mineral 34 Heaters, Braxton 9 Liverpool, Jackson 23 Midway. Putnam 45 Oakvale, Mercer 33 Hebron. Pleasants 42 K Lizemores. Clay 13 Milam, Hardy 21 Obrion, Clay 13 Hede-esville, Berkeley 7 Kale, Mercer 33 Lobata, Mingo 35 Milburn, Fayette 15 Oceana, Wvoming 60 Heights. Mason 32 Kanawha Palls, Fayette 15 Lobelia, Pocahontas 43 Miletus, Doddridge 14 Odd, Raleigh 46 Heizer, Putnam 45 Kanawha Head, Upshur 54 Lochgelly, Fayette 15 Millbrook. Hampshire 19 Odessa, Clay 13 Helen, F.aleigh 46 Kanawha Station, Wood 59 Lockbridge, Summers 50 Mill Creek. Randolph 47 Ohley, Kanawha — 25 Helvetia, Randolph 47 Kasson, Barbour 6 Lockney, Gilmer 16 Miller, Fayette 15 Oka, Calhoun - 12 Helmlocl., Upshur 54 Kathryn, Fayette 15 Lockwood, Nicholas 39 Mill Point, Pocahontas 43 Okeeffe, Mingo 35 Hemphil1. McDowell 29 Kayford, Kanawha 25 Logan, Logan 28 Millstone, Calhoun 12 Okonoko, Hampshire 19 Henderson, Mason 32 Kay Moor, Fayette 15 London, Kanawha 25 Millville, Jefferson 24 Olcott. Kanawha 25 Hendricks. Tucker 52 Kearneysville, Jefferson 24 Lone Cedar, Jackson 23 Millwood. Jackson 23 Old Fields. Hardy 21 Henlawson, Logan 28 Kedron, Upshur 54 Lonewillow, Roane 49 Milo, Calhoun 12 Omar, Logan 28 Henrietta, Calhoun 12 Keenan, Monroe 37 Long, Randolph 47 Milroy. Braxton 9 Omps, Morgan 38 Henry, Grant 17 Kegley, Mercer 33 Longacre, Fayette 15 Milto, Cabell 11 Ona, Cabell 11 ;1ey. McDowell 29 Keith, Boone 8 Long Bottom, Raleigh 46 Minden. Fayette 15 Onego, Pendleton 41 Hepzibah, Harrison 22 Kellysville, Mercer 33 Long Branch, Fayette 15 Mineralwells, Wood 59 Onoto, Pocahontas 43 Herbert, Wayne 55 Kempton, Preston 44 Longpole, McDowell 29 Mingo. Randolph 47 Opekiska, Monongalia 36 Herndon, Wyoming 60 Kondalia, Kanawha 25 Long Run. Doddridge 14 Minnehaha Springs, Pocahontas .... 43 Orchard. Monroe 37 Hemshaw Kanawha 25 Kenna, Jackson 23 Lookout, Fayette 15 Minnie, Wetzel 57 Organ Cave, Greenbrier 18 FTZJE" SIXTY-FOUR

Alphabetical List of West Virgima Post Offices, The County in Which Located And Page Reference

Walker, Wood 59 Orgas, Boone _ 8 Queen Shoals, Clay 13 Sand Run, Upshur 54 Sullivan, Raleigh 46 26 Queens Ridge, Wayne 55 Sandstone, Summers 50 Sully, Randolph 47 Walkersville, Lewis Orlando, Lewis 26 Wallace, Harrison 22 Orleans Cross Roads, Morgan 38 Quick, Kanawha _ 25 Sandyville, Jackson 23 Sumerco, Lincoln 27 13 Orma, Calhoun ..._ 12 Quincy, Kanawha 25 Sanger, Fayette 15 Summerlee, Fayette 15 Wallback, Clay - Omdoff, Webster 56 Quinnimont, Fayette 15 Sanoma, Wirt 58 SummersviUe, Nicholas 39 Walnut, Calhoun 12 Quinwood, Greenbrier 18 Sarah Ann, Logan 28 Summit Point, Jefferson 24 Walnut Grove, Roane 49 Orton, Gilmer 16 Walton, Roane 49 Osage, Monongalia 36 Sarton, Monroe 37 Suncrest, Randolph 47 36 Osbornes Mills, Roane 49 R Saulsville, Wyoming 60 Sunlight, Greenbrier 18 Wana, Monongalia Osceola, Randolph 47 Rachel, Marion 30 Saxman, Nicholas _ 39 Superior, McDowell 29 Wanego, Roane 49 Ossie, Clay 13 Racine, Boone 8 Saxon, Raleigh 46 Surveyor, Raleigh 46 Waneta, Webster 56 Oswald, Raleigh 4b Racket, Ritchie 48 Scarbro, Fayette 15 Sutton, Braxton 9 War, McDowell 29 Otsego, Wyoming 60 Rada, Hampshire 19 Scherr, Grant 17 Swandale, Clay 13 Ward, Kanawha 25 Ottawa, Boone ° Radnor, Wayne _ 55 Scott, Braxton 9 Sweetland, Lincoln 27 Wardensville, Hardy 21 Otto, Roane 49 Ragland, Mingo 35 Scott Depot, Putnam 45 Sweetsprings, Monroe 37 War Eagle, Mingo ..._ 35 Ovapa, Clay 13 Rainelle, Greenbrier 18 Secoal, Boone 8 Swiss, Nicholas 39 Warford, Summers 50 Owens, Kanawha £° Raleigh, Raleigh 46 Secondcreek, Monroe 37 Switchback, McDowell 29 Warriormine, McDowell 29 Owings, Harrison 22 Ramage, Boone 8 Sector, Hampshire 19 Switzer, Logan 28 Washburn, Ritchie 48 Oxford, Ritchie 48 Ramp, Summers 50 Seebert, Pocahontas 43 Sybial, Kanawha 25 Washington, Wood _ 59 Ramsey, Fayette 15 Selbyville, Upshur 54 Watoga, Pocahontas 4S P Ranger, Lincoln 27 Selwyn, Mingo 35 T Watson, Marion 30 Rangoon, Barbour 6 Servia, Braxton 9 Waverly, Wood 59 Packsville, Raleigh 46 Tabler, Berkeley 7 Wayne, Wayne 55 Pad, Roane 49 Ranson, Jefferson 24 Seth, Boone 8 Table Rock, Raleigh 46 Raven Rock, Pleasants 42 Sewell, Fayette 15 Wayside, Monroe 37 Paden City, Wetzel 57 Tad, Kanawha 25 Weaver, Randolph 47 Page, Fayette 15 Ravenswood, Jackson 23 Shady Spring, Raleigh 46 Tague, Braxton 9 Rawl, Mingo 35 Shanghai, Berkeley 7 Webb, Wayne 55 Pageton, McDowell £» Talcott, Summers 50 Webster Springs, Webster 61 Palermo, Lincoln 27 Raymond City, Putnam 45 Shanks, Hampshire 19 Tallmansville, Upshur 54 Palestine, Wirt 58 Raysal, McDowell 29 Sharon, Kanawha 25 Tamclif, Mingo 35 Weir, Kanawha 25 Palmer, Braxton 9 Raywood, Pocahontas 43 Sharpies, Logan 28 Tamroy, Raleigh 46 Weirton, Hancock 22 Reader, Wetzel 57 Shaw, Mineral 34 Welch, McDowell 29 Pansy, Grant 17 Tams, Raleigh 46 Wellford, Kanawha :25 Panther, McDowell - f> Rector, Lincoln 27 Shawver, Fayette 15 Tango, Lincoln 27 Paradise, Putnam 45 Red Creek, Tucker 52 Shenandoah Junction, Jefferson .... 24 Tanner, Gilmer 16 Wellsburg, Brooke 10 Parcoal, Webster 56 Red Dragon, Boone 8 Sheperdstown, Jefferson 24 Tariff, Roane 49 Wendel, Taylor 51 Park, Harrison (Br. Clarksburg).... 22 Red House, Putnam _ 45 Sheridan, Lincoln 27 Teays, Putnam 45 West, Wetzel 5'/ Parkersburg, Wood 59 Red Jacket, Mingo 35 Sherman, Jackson 23 Tenmile, Upshur 54 West Columbia, Mason 32 Parsley, Mingo 35 Red Rock, Upshur 54 Sherrard, Marshall 31 Terra Alta, Preston 44 Westerly, Fayette 15 Redstar, Fayette 15 Sherwood, Doddridge 14 West Hamlin, Lincoln 27 Parsons, Tucker 52 Terry, Raleigh 46 West Huntington, Cabell Pattersons Creek, Mineral 34 Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe 37 Shinnston, Harrison 22 Tesla, Braxton 9 Paw Paw, Morgan 38 Reed, Kanawha 25 Shirley, Tyler 53 Teterton, Pendleton 41 (Ind. Sta. Huntington) 11 Reedsville, Preston 44 Shively, Logan 28 West Liberty, Ohio 40 Pax, Fayette 15 Thacker, Mingo 35 West Milford, Harrison 2? Paxton, Clay 13 Reedy, Roane 49 Shoals, Wayne _ 55 Thacker Mines, Mingo 35 Paynesville, McDowell 29 Reeses Mill, Mineral 34 Shock, Gilmer 16 Thayer, Fayette 15 Weston, Lewis 26 Peach Creek, Logan 28 Removal, Webster 56 Short Creek, Brooke 10 Thomas, Tucker _ 52 West Union, Doddridge 14 Pear, Raleigh 46 Renick, Greenbrier 18 Shrewsbury, Kanawha 25 Thornton, Taylor 51 Wevaco, Kanawha 25 Pecks Mill, Logan 28 Renicks Valley, Greenbrier 18 Sias, Lincoln 27 Thornwood, Pocahontas 43 Wewanta, Lincoln 27 Pemberton, Raleigh 46 Rensford, Kanawha 25 Sidney, Wayne 55 Thorpe, McDowell 29 Wharncliffe, Mingo 36 Pence Springs, Summers 50 Replete, Webster 56 Sigman, Putnam 45 Three Churches, Hampshire 19 Wharton, Boone 8 Revere, Gilmer 16 Silica, Randolph 47 Wheat, Wetzel _ 57 Pennsboro, Ritchie ~ 48 Three Mile, Kanawha 25 Wheeler, Webster 50 Pentaere, Kanawha 25 Rexrode, Pendleton _ 41 Silush, Boone _ 8 Thurmond, Fayette 15 Pentress, Monongalia 36 Reynoldsville, Harrison 22 Silver Hill, Wetzel 57 Thursday, Ritchie 48 Wheeling, Ohio _ 40 Perkins, Gilmer 16 Rhodell, Raleigh 46 Silverton, Jackson 23 Tioga, Nicholas 39 Whipple, Fayette 15 Perry, Hardy - 21 Richardson, Calhoun 12 Simoda, Pendleton 41 Tipple, Wyoming 60 Whirlwind, Logan _ 2? Persinger, Nicholas 39 Richlands, Greenbrier 18 Simon, Wyoming 60 Tipton, Nicholas 39 Whitby, Raleigh 46 Peru, Hardy ..._ 21 Richwood, Nicholas 39 Simpson, Taylor 51 Toll Gate, Ritchie 48 White Pine, Calhoun 12 Petersburg, Grant 17 Ridge, Morgan 38 Sinks Grove, Monroe 37 Toney, Lincoln 27 Whites Creek, Wayne 55 Peterstown, Monroe 37 Ridgeley, Mineral 34 Sir Johns Run, Morgan 38 Toneyfork, Wyoming 60 White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier 18 Petroleum, Ritchie 48 Ridgeville, Mineral 34 Sissonville, Kanawha 25 Tophet, Summers 50 Whitesville, Boone 8 Pettry, Mercer 33 Ridgeway, Berkeley 7 Sistersville, Tyler 53 Tornado, Kanawha 25 Whitmans, Logan _ 23 Pettus, Raleigh 46 Riffle, Braxton 9 Six, McDowell _ 29 Trace, Mingo 35 Whitmer, Randolph 47 Peytona, Boone 8 Rig, Hardy 21 Skelt, Webster 56 Trackfork, Kanawha 25 Wick, Tyler 53 Philippi, Barbour - _ 6 Rinehart, Harrison 22 Skelton, Raleigh 46 Trainer, Greenbrier 18 Wickham, Raleigh 46 Philoah, Putnam 45 Rio, Hampshire 19 Slab Fork, Raleigh 46 Tralee, Wyoming 60 Widemouth, Mercer 33 Pickaway, Monroe 37 Ripley, Jackson 23 Slagle, Logan 28 Trent, Wyoming 60 Widen, Clay 13 Pickens, Randolph 47 Rippon, Jefferson 24 Slanesville, Hampshire 19 Triadelphia, Ohio 40 Wikel, Monroe 37 Pie, Mingo _ 35 Rita, Logan 28 Slate, Wood 59 Tribble, Mason 32 Wilbur, Tyler 5g Riverton, Pendleton 41 Slatyfork, Pocahontas 43 Wilcoe, McDowell 29 Piedmont, Mineral 34 Triplett, Roane 49 Wildcat, Braxton IB Pierce, Tucker 52 Riverview, Kanawha 25 Sleepy Creek, Morgan 38 Trout, Greenbrier 18 Pigeon, Roane 49 Rivesville, Marion 30 Sleith, Braxton 9 Troy, Gilmer 16 Wiley Ford, Mineral 34 Roanoke, Lewis 26 Smith, Lincoln 27 Wileyville, Wetzel 57 Pike, Ritchie 48 True, Summers 50 Wilkinson, Logan 28 Pinch, Kanawha 26 Roaring, Pendleton 41 Smithburg, Doddridge 14 Tunnelton, Preston 44 Robertsburg, Putnam 45 Williamsburg, Greenbrier 18 Pine Bluff, Harrison 22 Smithers, Fayette 15 Turtle Creek, Boone 8 Williamson, Mingo ML Pine Grove, Wetzel 57 Robinette, Logan 28 Smithfield, Wetzel 57 Twin Branch, McDowell 29 Pineknob, Raleigh — 46 Robson, Fayette 15 Smithville, Ritchie 48 Williams River, Webster 56 Pineville, Wyoming 60 Rock, Mercer 33 Smoke Hole, Pendleton 41 u Williamstown, Wood 59 Rock Camp, Monroe 37 Willis Branch, Payette 15 Piney, Wetzel _ - 57 Smoot, Greenbrier 18 Ufflngton, Monongalia 36 Willow, Pleasants 42 Pink, Calhoun 12 Rock Castle, Jackson 23 Snow Hill, Nicholas 39 Uler, Roane 49 Rock Cave, Upshur ..._ 54 Willow Bend, Monroe .JiS Pinoak, Mercer 33 Sod, Lincoln 27 Uneeda, Boone 8 Willow Grove, Jackson iJ.% Pipestem, Summers 50 Rockcliff, Greenbrier 18 Sophia, Raleigh 46 Ungers Store, Morgan 38 Rockoak, Hardy 21 Willowton, Mercer 29 Pisgah, Preston 44 South Branch, Hampshire 19 Union, Monroe 37 Wilmore, McDowell Pleasant Dale, Hampshire 19 Rockport, Wood 59 South Charleston, Kanawha 25 Union Ridge, Cabell 11 Rockridge, McDowell 29 Wilson, Grant 11 Pliny, Putnam 45 (Ind. Br. of Charleston) Uniontown, Wetzel 57 Wilsonburg, Harrison Plum Orchard, Jackson _ 23 Rocksdale, Calhoun 12 Southside, Mason 32 Uno, Wyoming 60 Rock View, Wvoming 60 Spanishburg, Mercer 33 Wilsondale, Wayne 56 Plus, Kanawha 25 Unus, Greenbrier 18 Winding Gulf, Raleigh 46 Pluto, Raleigh 46 Roderfield, McDowell 29 Sparks, Nicholas 39 Upperglade, Webster 66 Plymouth, Putnam 45 Romance, Jackson 23 Windom, Wyoming i 60 Speedway, Mercer 33 Upper Tract, Pendleton 41 Windsor Heights, Brooke 10 Poca, Putnam 45 Romney, Hampshire 19 Spelter, Harrison 22 Urland, Mingo 35 Romont, Fayette 15 Windy, Wirt 68 Pocotaligo, Kanawha 25 Spencer, Roane 49 Ury, Raleigh 46 Winfield, Putnam 45 Poe, Nicholas 39 Ronceverte, Greenbrier 18 Spice, Pocahontas 43 Point Pleasant, Mason 32 Ronda, Kanawha 25 Sprague, Raleigh 46 V Winifrede, Kanawha 25 Roneys Point. Ohio 40 Winona, Fayette 15 Points, Hampshire 19 Sprigg, Mingo 35 Vadis, Lewis 26 Wire Bridge, Braxton 9 Polemic, Braxton 9 Rorer, Greenbrier 18 Spring Creek, Greenbrier 18 Vago, Greenbrier 18 Pond Gap, Kanawha 26 Rosbys Rick, Marshall 31 Withers, Gilmer 16 Spring Dale, Fayette 15 Vale, Greenbrier 18 Wolfcreek, Monroe • 37 Pool, Nicholas 39 Rosedale, Braxton 9 Springfield, Hampshire 19 Valley, Hampshire 19 Rosemont, Taylor 51 Wolfe, Mercer 33 Porter, Clay 13 Spring Fork, Kanawha 25 Valley Bend, Randolph 47 Wolf Pen, Wyoming 60 Porters Falls, Wetzel - 57 Rose Siding, Mingo 35 Spring Gap, Hampshire 19 Valley Chapel, Lewis 26 Rosina, Kanawha 25 Wolf Summit, Harrison 22 Portersville, Lincoln 27 Spring Hill, Kanawha 25 Valleyfork, Clay 13 Woodbine, Nicholas 39 Porterwood, Tucker 52 Rossmore, Logan 28 Springton, Mercer 33 Valley Grove, Ohio 40 Posey, Raleigh - 46 Rough Run, Grant 17 Spry, Logan 28 Valley Head, Randolph 47 Woodlands, Marshall 31 Powellton, Fayette 16 Rowlesburg, Preston _ 44 Spurlockville, Lincoln 27 Valley Point, Preston 44 Woodrow, Pocahonta.s 43 Power, Brooke 10 Roxalia, Monroe 37 Squire, McDowell 29 Vallscreek, McDowell 29 Woodruff, Marshall .., 31 Ruckman, Hampshire 19 Powhatan, McDowell 29 Stanaford, Raleigh 46 Van, Boone 8 Woodville, Lincoln i 27 Pratt, Kanawha 25 Ruddle, Pendleton 41 Star City, Monongalia 36 Vanderlip, Hampshire 19 Premier, McDowell ..._ _ 29 Rumble, Boone 8 Staten, Calhoun 12 Vanvoorhis, Monongalia 36 Woosley, Wyoming 60 Prenter, Boone 8 Runa, Nicholas 39 Starts Mills, Jackson 23 Varney, Mingo 35 Worth, McDowell ! 29 Price, Lincoln - 27 Rupert, Greenbrier 18 Stickney, Raleigh 46 Vaughan, Nicholas 39 Worthington, Marion 30 Price Hill, Raleigh _ 46 Rush Run, Fayette 15 Stiltner, Wayne 55 Vegan, Upshur _ 54 Wriston, Fayette 15 Prichard, Wayne _ - 55 Russellville, Greenbrier 18 Stinson, Calhoun 12 Verdunville, Logan 28 Prince, Fayette 15 Rutherford, Ritchie 48 Stirrat, Logan 28 Verner, Logan 28 Wyatt, Harrison :.. Princeton, Mercer _ 33 Rutledge, Kanawha 25 Stoffel, Kanawha 25 Vernon, Braxton 9 Wyco, Wyoming {.... 60 Princewick, Raleigh 46 Ryan, Roane 49 Stollings, Logan 28 Vicars, Roane 49 Wymer, Randolph 47 Procious, Clay 13 Stone Cliff, Fayette 15 Victor, Fayette 15 Proctor, Wetzel 57 s Stonecoal, Wayne 55 Vienna, Wood 59 Y Progress, Braxton 9 Sabraton, Monongalia 36 Stony Bottom, Pocahontas 43 (Branch of Parkersburg) Prosperity, Raleigh _ 46 Sago, Upshur 54 Stotesbury, Raleigh 46 Vinton, Nicholas 39 Yantus, Logan 28 Purdence, Fayette 15 Saint Albans, Kanawha 25 Stotlers Cross Roads, Morgan 38 Virginville, Brooke 10 Yates, Cabell 11 Prunty, Ritchie - 48 Saint Clara, Doddridge ..._ 14 Stouts Mills, Gilmer 16 Vivian, McDowell 29 Yawkey, Lincoln 27 Pughtown, Hancock 20 Saint George, Tucker 52 Stover, Raleigh 46 Volga, Barbour 6 Yellow Spring, Hampshire 19 Pullman, Ritchie 48 Vulcan, Mingo 35 Saint Marys, Pleasants 42 Strange Creek, Braxton 9 Yolyn, Logan 28 Purgitsville, Hampshire 19 Salem, Harrison 22 Streby, Grant 17 Puritan Mines, Mingo 35 Saltpetre, Wayne 55 Streeter, Summers 50 W Yukon, McDowell : 29 Pursglove, Monongalia - 36 Salt Rock, Cabell 11 Strouds, Webster 56 Wadestown, Monongalia 36 Putney, Kanawha 25 Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe 37 Stumptown, Gilmer 16 Waggy, Nicholas 39 Z Sand Creek, Lincoln 27 Sue, Greenbrier 18 Wainville, Webster 56 Zela, Nicholas 39 Q Sanderson, Kanawha 25 Sugar Grove, Pendleton 41 Waiteville, Monroe 37 Zenith, Monroe 37 Quaker, Wayne 55 Sand Fork, Gilmer 16 Sugartree, Lincoln 27 Wake Forest, Kanawha 25 Zigler, Pendleton 41 Queens, Upshur 54 Sand Ridge, Calhoun 12 Sugar Valley, Pleasants 42 Walgrove, Kanawha 25 Zona, Roane 49

FROM THE PRESS OF EXPONENT JOB SHOP THE SKETCHES N TH IS WORK WERE PREPARED BY W. GUY