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Bulletin 2019 Forum der Iranischen Demokrat*innen in Hannover 1. Mai Bulletin 2019 ßung, dann gegen eine Es sind schlechte Zeiten ebenso gravierende Privati- für iranische Arbei- sierung, deren Auswirkun- ter*innen gen seit 2014 verheerend sind. So schuften über 4.000 Arbeiter*innen für Geringe Löhne, lange Ar- die Profite ihrer Chefs, er- beitszeiten und unsichere hielten jedoch schon zum Arbeitsplätze: Auch im wiederholten Male keine Jahr 2019 kämpfen viele Löhne. iranische Arbeiter*innen um das nackte Überleben. Bereits 2017 beschwerten Und eine Besserung ist sich die Beschäftigten in nicht in Sicht. einem offenen Brief vom 8. Folglich vergeht kaum Oktober 2017, und beklag- Jahr 2008 gründeten die eine Woche, in der im ten konkret, dass Sie seit Arbeitnehmer nach einem 42-tägigen Streik eine un- Iran keine Arbeiterprotes- dem Verkauf des Zucker- abhängige Gewerkschaft, te stattfinden, wobei die rohrunternehmens an den die sich der IUL anschloss, Forderungen stets diesel- privaten Sektor im März und forderten daraufhin ben sind: Nicht bezahlte 2016 „mehr als ein Jahr langjährige Lohnrückstän- Löhne, mangelnde lang Leiden und Qualen de. Im Juni diesen Jahres, Rechtssicherheit und über sich ergehen lassen legten die Arbeiter erneut schlechte Arbeitsbedin- mussten, ferner wären Pro- ihre Arbeit nieder und hiel- gungen. teste und Versammlungen ten Demonstrationen ab, Schon seit über zehn Jah- die einzige Möglichkeit für um die Zahlung von Lohn- ren kämpft die Beleg- die Belegschaft, ihre recht- schaft der größten Zu- rückständen von bis zu vier mäßigen Löhne zu erkämp- ckerfabrik des Irans in Monaten zu fordern.“ fen. Haft-Tapeh. Zunächst ge- Der iranischen Arbeits- gen die komplette Schlie- Die Internationale Gewerk- schaft der Lebensmittel- rechtsaktivist Esmail Bakhs- branche, sowie verbündete hi und die Journalistin Sepi- Arbeitnehmer (IUL) äußer- deh Gholian, die am 20. ten sich in einer Erklärung Januar 2019 festgenom- zu der Situation und sag- men wurden, sind weiter- ten: „Die Arbeiter von Haft hin stark von Folter be- Tapeh mussten immer um droht. Sie hatten bereits ihre Löhne und Renten und Ende 2018 über in der Haft ihre Rechte kämpfen. Im erlittene Schläge und andere über 60 Prozent ihres Wertes Misshandlungen berichtet. verloren, und die Inflation ist stark angestiegen. Am 13. No- als Geisel fest. vember 2018 organisierte der Wegen der wieder eingeführten Rat für die Koordinierung der Sanktionen der USA steckt Iran Lehrergewerkschaften einen seit einigen Monaten in einer Streik mit Dutzenden von Leh- akuten Finanz- und Wirtschafts- rern im ganzen Iran, um gegen krise. Zwar betont Präsident die unzureichenden Gehälter zu Hassan Rohani, die Regierung protestieren, die auf die hohe habe die Lage unter Kontrolle Inflation und die schlechten und die Bevölkerung brauche Lebensbedingungen zurückzu- sich keine Sorgen zu machen, führen sind. Es war bereits der aber die Realität im Land sieht zweite von Lehrern organisierte anders aus. Die nationale Wäh- Streik seit dem 21. September. rung Rial hat binnen kurzer Zeit Mehr denn je brauchen Wir internationale Solidarität, z.B. durch folgende Maßnahmen: Die Erstellung und Publik-machung eines differenzierten Bildes vom Land im Allgemeinen und insbeson- dere von der Protestbewegung der iranischen Lohnabhängigen. Teilnahme an Solidaritätsaktionen für unabhängige Gewerkschaften und iranische Arbeiteraktivisten. Die Iranpolitik der Bundesregierung muss unter die Lupe genommen werden. Funktionäre politischer Parteien und Abgeordnete auf Kommunaler-, Landes- und Bundesebene und Gewerkschaftsfunkti- onäre müssen mehr zum Handeln aufgefordert werden. Nachrichten über Streiks und Protestaktionen der iranischen Arbeiter müssen durch Mundpropaganda und mediale Seiten weiterverbreit werden. Iranische Generalstreiks und – Mai proteste 2018–2019 Chronolo- Am 22. Mai 2018 arbeiteten Tru- gisch cker in 160 Städten nicht mehr. April Ihre Streiks dauerten zehn Tage. Am 14. April 2018 begannen die Juni Ladenbesitzer in Baneh mit Am 25. Juni 2018 wurden Ge- Streiks, die zwanzig Tage andauer- schäfte geschlossen und tausende ten. versammelten sich im Bazar- Gebiet von Teheran, um gegen die ge auf die Straße. Viele Geschäfte wirtschaftliche Situation zu protes- im Teheraner Basar waren ge- tieren. Die Sicherheitskräfte ant- schlossen. Videos aus den sozialen worteten zugleich mit Tränengas, Medien zeigten, dass die Menge in welches sie auf die Demonstran- der Innenstadt von Teheran "Tod ten abfeuerten. Weitere Proteste der Diktatur" skandierte. Es kam gegen die wirtschaftliche Situation erneut zu einem Zusammenstoß fanden auch in Shahriar, Karaj, mit den Sicherheitskräften. Eine Qeshm, Bandar Abbas und Mash- große Anzahl der Demonstranten had statt. Einige Geschäfte wur- wurde verhaftet. den von unbekannten Personen Auch wurden Streiks und Proteste zwangsweise geschlossen. in Kermanshah, Arak und Täbris Die Menschen in Teheran gingen beobachtet. am 26. Juni den dritten Tag in Fol- In Teheran dauerten die Proteste trotz starker Sicherheitspräsenz und die Hinrichtung von einen dritten Tag an. Reuters be- Ramin Panahi und zwei zeichnete die drei Tage als "die weiteren kurdischen Akti- größten Unruhen seit Jahresbe- visten,ß ein. Als Reaktion ginn". Der oberste iranische Führer, auf diesen Streik verhafte- Ali Khamenei, sprach zum ersten ten die Sicherheitskräfte Mal von den Protesten und forder- fünf kurdische Aktivisten. te die Justiz auf, diejenigen zu be- Am 22. September 2018 strafen, die die wirtschaftliche Si- nahmen Lastwagenfahrer cherheit zerstört hatten. Händler in mehreren iranischen auf dem Großen Basar in Teheran Städten ihre Streiks gegen beklagten, dass die Proteste sie die stei- achten Tag der Streiks, wurden 89 genden Kosten ihrer verhaftete Lastwagenfahrer festge- Arbeitsplätze wie- nommen. [28] der auf. Am 26. Sep- tember gingen die Oktober Streiks weiter und Am 1. Oktober erreichten die wurden in Ahvaz, Streiks der Trucker ihren zehnten Qazvin, Shahreza, Tag in Folge und wurden in Bukan, Borujerd und Urmia Khosrowshah, Arak, Fooladshahr, beobachtet. 40 bis Nishapur, Tiran, Takestan, Ker- 70 Lastwagenfahrer manshah, Sanandaj, Qazvin, Karaj, in Fars, Teheran Bandar Abbas, Ardabil, Dezaz, Yazd und der Provinz und Najafabad beobachtet. Die Qazvin wurden am Zahl der Festgenommenen erreich- 27. September verhaftet, als die dazu gezwungen hätten, den Han- te 156. Am 13. Tag in Folge des Streiks ihren fünften Tag andauer- del einzustellen. Streiks wurden über 230 Lastwa- ten. Die Free Truckers Union gab genfahrer festgenommen. Die Am 28. Juni teilten Quellen dem bekannt, dass sich der Streik auf 31 Streiks dauerten bis zum 8. Oktober Sender Radio Farda mit, dass Provinzen im ganzen Land ausge- und erreichten ihren 17. Tag in Fol- Kaufleute den Basar in der Stadt breitet hatte. Die Justiz erklärte, ge. Die Sicherheitskräfte reagierten Arak geschlossen hatten. Der Gene- ralstaatsanwalt von Teheran erklär- te, eine große Anzahl von Demonst- ranten sei festgenommen worden und werde wahrscheinlich vor Ge- richt gestellt. Jafar Dolatabadi er- klärte auch in einem Interview, dass die Beschwerden der De- monstranten nicht nur wirtschaft- lich seien und dass "die Menschen mit politischen und sozialen Sorgen zu kämpfen hätten". September Am 11. September 2018 leiteten Ladenbesitzer im iranischen Kurdis- tan einen eintägigen Streik als Re- aktion auf den Raketenangriff des darauf mit der erneuten Festnahme iranischen Revolutionsgardenkorps dass die Festgenommenen mit der einer Reihe von Lastwagenfahrern, auf das Hauptquartier der Demo- Todesstrafe konfrontiert werden wodurch die Zahl der festgenom- kratischen Partei Kurdistans im Iran könnten. Am 29. September, am menen Personen auf 256 erhöht wurde. Am selben Tag schlossen Ba- gegen die Verhaftung von Hunderten reit zu sterben, denn Sie akzeptieren zaaris in mehreren iranischen Städten von Truckern im Oktober zu protes- keine Unterdrückung". Trotz der An- ihre Läden und protestierten aus Pro- tieren. Arbeiter aus mehreren irani- wesenheit der Sicherheitskräfte und test gegen die wirtschaftliche Situati- schen Fabriken befanden sich auf- der Bereitschaftspolizei ging es am on. Streiks wurden in Sanandaj, Bu- grund unbezahlter Löhne und Inflati- 17. November auf den Straßen von kan, Saqqez, Marivan, Baneh, Mi- on in ständigen Streiks. Am 2. No- Shush weiter. andoab, Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, vember 2018 begannen die Arbeiter Am selben Tag protestierten Hunder- Täbris und Chabahar beobschtet. Die der Fabrik der Haft Tappeh Cane Su- te Arbeiter der Foolad Company in Streiks setzten sich bis zum 9. Okto- gar Company in Shush ihre eigenen Ahvaz vor dem Büro des Gouver- ber fort, obwohl nicht mehr so viele Streiks. neurs. Demonstranten in Ahvaz san- Demonstranten an ihr teilnahmen. Am 13. und 14. November streikten gen: "Freiheit für Kashoggi, denken Sie wurde wiederrum in Tabriz, Shah- iranische Lehrer in den meisten Pro- Sie an uns" und "Für Inflation, stei- riar, Shahreza und Sanandaj beobach- vinzen 2018 zum zweiten Mal. 13 gende Preise, ist Rouhani verantort- tet. Lehrer wurden während dieses lich." Am 18. November wurden 19 Streiks verhaftet. Demonstranten in Shush verhaftet. Bis zum 21. November wurden drei- zehn der Demonstranten in Shush aus dem Gefängnis entlassen, die ver- hafteten Demonstranten wurden wegen "Handlungsweise gegen das Regime" angeklagt. Am 24. Novem- ber schlossen sich Arbeiter mit einfa- chen Bürgern zusammen, protestier- ten in Ahvaz und gerieten erneut in Konflikt mit den Sicherheitskräften. Am selben Tag protestierten Arbeiter der
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