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Dziadok Mikalai 1'St Year Student
EUROPEAN HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY Program «World Politics and economics» Dziadok Mikalai 1'st year student Essay Written assignment Course «International relations and governances» Course instructor Andrey Stiapanau Vilnius, 2016 The Troubles (Northern Ireland conflict 1969-1998) Plan Introduction 1. General outline of a conflict. 2. Approach, theory, level of analysis (providing framework). Providing the hypothesis 3. Major actors involved, definition of their priorities, preferences and interests. 4. Origins of the conflict (historical perspective), major actions timeline 5. Models of conflicts, explanations of its reasons 6. Proving the hypothesis 7. Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Northern Ireland conflict, called “the Troubles” was the most durable conflict in the Europe since WW2. Before War in Donbass (2014-present), which lead to 9,371 death up to June 3, 20161 it also can be called the bloodiest conflict, but unfortunately The Donbass War snatched from The Troubles “the victory palm” of this dreadful competition. The importance of this issue, however, is still essential and vital because of challenges Europe experience now. Both proxy war on Donbass and recent terrorist attacks had strained significantly the political atmosphere in Europe, showing that Europe is not safe anymore. In this conditions, it is necessary for us to try to assume, how far this insecurity and tensions might go and will the circumstances and the challenges of a international relations ignite the conflict in Northern Ireland again. It also makes sense for us to recognize that the Troubles was also a proxy war to a certain degree 23 Sources, used in this essay are mostly mass-media articles, human rights observers’ and international organizations reports, and surveys made by political scientists on this issue. -
The Omagh Bombing - a Medical Perspective Capt SJO Potter Bsc (Hons), MB, Chb, RAMC RMO
J R Army Med Corps 2000; 146: 18-21 J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-146-01-04 on 1 February 2000. Downloaded from The Omagh Bombing - A Medical Perspective Capt SJO Potter BSc (Hons), MB, ChB, RAMC RMO 4 Royal Irish Regiment, BFPO 804 Dr GE Carter MB, ChB, DRCOG GP Trainee SUMMARY: The bomb in Omagh on the 15th August 1998 was responsible for the largest loss of life of any single terrorist incident in the whole of the “Troubles” in Northern Ireland. However, the medical response to this tragedy provided an excellent opportunity for the civilian and military agencies to work together. As a consequence of this a number of lessons were drawn which are presented in the paper. Whatever the outcome of the peace process these lessons will have an important role in the future, since history would suggest that there is little possibility of the terrorist threat ever completely receding. OMAGH COURT HOUSE LOCATION OF VBIED http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ Fig 1. Diagram showing location of Court House in relation to actual location of car bomb. (VBIED) The Good Friday Agreement heralded a new era for the small district general hospital - The Tyrone County. The people of Northern Ireland. It was with great belief in the Ulster Ballygawley Bus bombing in 1988 (8 dead) and the Teebane Referendum that they dared to look forward to peace. The massacre in 1992 (8 dead) had been the previous largest Canary Wharf, Thiepval Barracks and Manchester bombings atrocities in the area although there had also been many smaller which all occured during previous PIRA cease-fires provided shootings and bombings locally. -
Born on One Side of Partition: Reassessing Lessons Of
Executive Master’s in International Politics 2019-2020 Born on One Side of Partition: Reassessing Lessons of Northern Ireland’s Conflict from a st 21 -Century Multidisciplinary Perspective By JACQUELINE NOLAN Supervisor PROFESSOR GUY OLIVIER FAURE Professor of International Negotiation, Sorbonne University October 2020 i “History says, don’t hope On this side of the grave. But then, once in a lifetime The longed-for tidal wave Of justice can rise up, And hope and history rhyme." (Seamus Heaney, ‘The Cure at Troy’) The question is: whose history? ii Abstract In the wake of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, which brought an end to 30 years of conflict in Northern Ireland, the province became a ‘place of pilgrimage’ for people from other conflict zones in search of lessons and answers. This thesis revisits Northern Ireland’s lessons from a multidisciplinary and 21st-century perspective; it contends that to make sense of and resolve a conflict in a sustainable way, you have to not only under- stand it through substantive lenses, but also through emotional and behavioural ones – and likewise understand the interconnectedness between those lenses. It identifies relational and deep-seated themes common to other conflicts (like Israel-Palestine): de- monization, a siege mentality, the historical context of rifts in the relationship. Northern Ireland offered images of hope when former arch-enemies entered government together in 2007; yet this thesis shows that, in spite of political and social transformation, there is still too much societal psychological trauma, and too many unspoken, legacy- and identity-based blockers in the relationship to speak of a conflict resolution. -
Sixteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission
Sixteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission Presented to the Houses of Parliament by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in accordance with the Northern Ireland (Monitoring Commission etc) Act 2003 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed September 2007 LONDON: The Stationery Office Cm Un-numbered £13.50 SIXTEENTH REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING COMMISSION Presented to the Houses of Parliament by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in accordance with the Northern Ireland (Monitoring Commission etc) Act 2003 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed September 2007 Cm Un-numbered LONDON: The Stationery Office £13.50 © Crown Copyright 2007 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Parliamentary copyright and the title of the document specified. Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to The Licensing Division, HMSO, St. Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or email: [email protected] 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. The Scope of this Report and the Security Normalisation Programme 3. Our Approach to this Report and Threat Assessment 4. Security Normalisation: The Use of the Military in Support of the Police Service of Northern Ireland 5. Security Normalisation: The Repeal of Counter-terrorist Legislation Particular to Northern Ireland 6. Security Normalisation: The Police Estate 7. Security Normalisation: Patterns of Police Patrolling 8. -
Organisation Page
CONTENTS Organisation Page Introduction 3 Veterans UK - MOD Veterans Welfare Service 4 -5 Veterans Advisory and Pensions Committee 6 The Confederation of Service Charities COBSEO 7 The Royal British Legion 8 SSAFA 9 Army Benevolent Fund (The Soldiers’ Charity) 10 The UDR and R IRISH Aftercare Service 11 Combat Stress 12 BLESMA 13 Blind Veterans UK 14 Help for Heroes 15 Decorum NI 16 The Royal Naval Association 17 The Royal Air Forces Association 18 The Not Forgotten Association 19 Regular Forces Employment Association 20 38 (Irish) Brigade 21 AA Veterans Support 22 INTRODUCTION National awareness of the needs of the Service community has been raised in recent times and is now articulated in the principles of the Armed Forces Covenant. There is much practical support available to both serving personnel and their families and veterans and their dependants. However, access to such support is often obscured by lack of detailed information or shrouded by information overload, to the extent that an individual in need may have trouble identifying exactly where to turn for help. This Handbook is intended to assist the whole Service community by clearly spelling out “who does what for whom” and by identifying local contact details. It is intended to be a reference document and to act as a sign-post to local agencies which, once contacted, can then follow up with support intervention as required. Stakeholders and gate-keepers are urged to use it if a member of the Service community in need comes to their attention. The Handbook is as comprehensive as possible and identifies the major support organisations available to the Service community in Northern Ireland, and especially to veterans and their dependants. -
Armed Forces' Pay Review Body – Forty-Eighth Report 2019
Armed Forces’ Pay Review Body – Forty-Eighth Report 2019 Armed Forces’ Armed Forces’ Pay Review Body Forty-Eighth Report 2019 Chair: Peter Maddison, QPM CP 126 Armed Forces’ Pay Review Body Forty-Eighth Report 2019 Chair: Peter Maddison, QPM Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for Defence by Command of Her Majesty July 2019 CP 126 © Crown copyright 2019 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/official-documents Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/office-of-manpower-economics ISBN 978-1-5286-1257-9 CCS0419055452 06/19 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Armed Forces’ Pay Review Body TERMS OF REFERENCE The Armed Forces’ Pay Review Body provides independent advice to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for Defence on the remuneration and charges for members of the Naval, Military and Air Forces of the Crown. In reaching its recommendations, -
Operation Banner
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST Request Number: F-2011-01824 Keyword: Operational Policing Subject: Operation Banner Request and Answer: The Police Service of Northern Ireland has now completed its search for the information you have requested. Question 1 In a written parliamentary reply to the UK House of Commons on January 29, 1973, a Minister stated that up to the end of 1972 a total of 55 civilians had been killed in road traffic accidents involving British Army vehicles/collisions at Army VCPs. Is there a monthly/annual breakdown of this figure? Question 2 Is there a monthly/annual breakdown of figures for "Operation Banner", 1969-2007? Answer Section 17 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 requires the Police Service of Northern Ireland, when refusing to provide such information (because the information is exempt) to provide the applicant with a notice which: (a) states the fact, (b) specifies the exemption in question and (c) states (if that would not otherwise be apparent) why the exemption applies. The following exemption has been applied: Section 21 - Information Reasonably Accessible by Other Means This information was previously released under FOI and can be accessed via the PSNI website using the link provided below: http://www.psni.police.uk/operation_banner.pdf Central Statistics Unit has confirmed that they are unable to provide any further information in relation to this request. Accordingly, I have determined that the PSNI do not hold any other information in relation to this request. If you have any queries regarding your request or the decision please do not hesitate to contact me on 028 9070 0164. -
Northern Ireland) and Those Who Served in a Civilian Service in Support of Operation Banner Are Eligible to Apply to Attend the Event
Op Banner 50 FAQs Who is eligible to apply to attend the event? Recipients of the General Service Medal (Northern Ireland) and those who served in a civilian service in support of Operation Banner are eligible to apply to attend the event. Two representatives from families of British Armed Forces and Civilian service personnel killed as a result of operations in Northern Ireland or paramilitary actions in other countries will be eligible and welcome to register their interest in attending the event. How will eligibility for ex-serving individuals be verified? Will I need to produce proof of service? To attend, individuals must have been awarded the GSM (NI) Basic details of service will be required upon application to provide an additional level of eligibility. Details of service will be shared with your relevant Corps, Regimental or Service Association you served with in Northern Ireland. A full privacy notice will be available for agreement before submission of details via the accreditation site. I am currently serving and hold the GSM (NI). Can I attend? If you are still serving and hold the GSM (NI) you are eligible to attend. Please note that currently serving personnel wishing to attend the OP BANNER commemorations, have permission to do so in uniform. However, this would not be a duty day, so serving personnel would be required to take a day’s leave and fund their own travel if they wished to participate. Will representatives of civilian and emergency services including An Garda Siochana be eligible to attend? (e.g. ROI Civilian Services) Yes. -
The Ineffectiveness of Peacekeeping and the Absence of Crucial
Fordham University Masthead Logo DigitalResearch@Fordham Senior Theses International Studies Spring 5-18-2019 The neffecI tiveness of Peacekeeping and the Absence of Crucial Peacebuilding Initiatives in the Kashmiri and Northern Irish Conflicts Alexandra Stephanie Brennan Follow this and additional works at: https://fordham.bepress.com/international_senior Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Brennan, Alexandra Stephanie, "The neffeI ctiveness of Peacekeeping and the Absence of Crucial Peacebuilding Initiatives in the Kashmiri and Northern Irish Conflicts" (2019). Senior Theses. 20. https://fordham.bepress.com/international_senior/20 This is brought to you for free and open access by the International Studies at DigitalResearch@Fordham. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalResearch@Fordham. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ineffectiveness of Peacekeeping and the Absence of Crucial Peacebuilding Initiatives in the Kashmiri and Northern Irish Conflicts Alexandra Brennan [email protected] B.A. International Studies, Global Affairs Track Fordham University – Rose Hill Thesis Advisor: Brendan Cahill (Executive Director, Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs, Fordham University) Seminar Advisor: Professor Claire Panetta December 15, 2018 Brennan 2 Abstract The presence of peacekeepers, whether they are mandated by the international community or used internally by a sovereign nation, has a limited effect on the ability to achieve a lasting peace and may even function as an obstacle, as seen through a comparative study of the conflicts in Kashmir and Northern Ireland. Because of this, they are of limited utility as the final step towards a society that has reconciled with its past conflict due to the fact that the peacekeepers (efforts work towards short-term peace) do not act as peacebuilders (efforts work towards long-term peace). -
Preface Introduction
Notes Preface 1. Brian Hanley in Irish Historical Studies, volume 39, Issue 153, May 2014, 175. 2. Jennifer Curtis, Human rights as war by other means: peace politics in Northern Ireland (Philidephia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014). 3. Ibid., 135. 4. ‘Finding of collusion with IRA a prompt for us all to examine our consciences’, Irish Times, 8 December 2013. 5. In 2015 I was a participant in a private seminar where victims of IRA violence on the border related their experiences to a former Minister of Justice, retired officials of the Department of Justice and Foreign Affairs and retired members of the Garda and Irish Army. 6. Gerry Moriarty and Mark Hennessy, ‘State willing to act on unionist claims over IRA-Gilmore’, Irish Times, 9 September, 2013. 7. Paddy Mulroe, ‘Irish government security policy along the border 1961-1978’, PhD, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, September 2015, 272. 8. Grand Committee, ‘Official Histories’, 10 December 2015, column GC194 available on www.parliament.uk 9. ‘Britain cast a villain in one-sided history of the Troubles’, Newsletterr, 26 August 2015. Introduction 1. Operation Banner: An Analysis of Military Operations in Northern Ireland. Prepared under the direction of the Chief of the General Staff, July 2006, 4–4. 2. Joe Cleary, Literature, Partition and the Nation State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) 107. 3. Eugene McCabe, Heaven Lies About Us (London: Vintage, 2006); Patrick McCabe, Carn (London: Picador, 1989). 4. Toby Harnden, ‘Bandit Country’: the IRA and South Armagh (London: Coronet, 1999). 5. Christopher Hitchens, Arguably (London: Atlantic Books, 2011) 480–1. -
Ballykinler Camp: the First Seven Decades, 1900-1969
The First Seven Decades, 1900-1969 Ballykinler Camp The First Seven Decades,1900-1969 This project has been funded by the European Union’s PEACE III Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes A Down County Museum Publication Body and delivered by the North Down, Ards and Down Councils’ Cluster. Text by Philip Orr 1 Acknowledgements This project has been funded by the European Union’s PEACE III Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body and delivered by the North Down, Ards and Down Councils’ Cluster. Down County Museum’s PEACE III funded community history project aims to contribute to a reduction in sectarianism and racism across the North Down, Ards and Down Councils’ cluster by increasing understanding and awareness of a range of issues relating to cultural and community identity. The project seeks to provide opportunities to learn about local history and culture and produce resources which examine issues of cultural identity and diversity. The author wishes to acknowledge help given by current and former members of the armed forces who have served at Ballykinler, as well as staff who were employed there as range wardens. Help was also given by employees of the Sandes Homes and by local residents in the Ballykinler area. Staff of Down Museum are to be thanked for assistance throughout the project as are a wide range of friends and enthusiasts who volunteered relevant information. Particular thanks to Nigel Henderson for historical expertise and regular support, including a photographic record of the camp and its hinterland as seen today. The views and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body. -
Sixteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission
Sixteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission Presented to the Houses of Parliament by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in accordance with the Northern Ireland (Monitoring Commission etc) Act 2003 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed September 2007 LONDON: The Stationery Office Cm Un-numbered £13.50 Page 1 SIXTEENTH REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING COMMISSION Presented to the Houses of Parliament by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in accordance with the Northern Ireland (Monitoring Commission etc) Act 2003 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed September 2007 Cm Un-numbered LONDON: The Stationery Office £13.50 © Crown Copyright 2007 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Parliamentary copyright and the title of the document specified. Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to The Licensing Division, HMSO, St. Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or email: [email protected] 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. The Scope of this Report and the Security Normalisation Programme 3. Our Approach to this Report and Threat Assessment 4. Security Normalisation: The Use of the Military in Support of the Police Service of Northern Ireland 5. Security Normalisation: The Repeal of Counter-terrorist Legislation Particular to Northern Ireland 6. Security Normalisation: The Police Estate 7. Security Normalisation: Patterns of Police Patrolling 8.