IPP206 Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Public Disclosure Authorized National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) Project Preparatory Team (PPT) Final Report ON Public Disclosure Authorized Social Assessment Prepared by Public Disclosure Authorized M. Maniruzzaman Consultant, PPT Core Team July 2006 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Abbreviations and Glossaries i – iii Executive Summary iv - xvi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 National Policy Framework 1.2 The NATP and its Objectives and Components 1.3 Geographical Coverage 1.4 The Project Preparation Team and the Tasks under Social Assessment 1.5 Approach and Methodology 2. Beneficiary Assessment 3 2.1 Socio-Economic Profile Of Bangladesh 2.1.1 Demographic Profile 2.1.2 Spatial Variation of Poverty 2.1.3 Inequality and vulnerable middle 2.2 Profile of the Agriculture Sector 2.2.1 Ownership and Tenancy Pattern 2.2.2 Major Crops, Crop Area and Crop Production 2.2.3 Livestock 2.2.4 Fisheries 2.3 Important Land Social Indicators 2.3.1 Cross country Comparison 2.3.2 Gender Overall Situation Female Headed Households Women in Agriculture 2.4 The Study of Six Villages 2.5 Special Note on Indigenous People 3. Stakeholder Analysis 27 (a) Stakeholder Mapping, (b) Expectations, Issues and Concerns 4. Historical Contextualization - 30 Lessons Learnt form Similar Projects 4.1 General Description a. Ten projects involving IDA assistance b. Field Experience of IFAD assisted Smallholder Agriculture Improvement Project (SAIP) in Mymensingh region c. Field Experience of IDB assisted Smallholder Project in Barisal region d. Fourth Fisheries Project (FFP) e. Experience of Technology Transfer by Local NGO, GUP f. Hortex Foundation g. BRAC h. PETRRA Sub Project for Resource-Poor Farm Households 4.2 Lessons Learnt 5. Present Agricultural Research and Extension Systems 41 5.1 Research a. Current Status of Agricultural Research Systems b. SWOT Analysis of Research Systems 5.2 Extension a. Agriculture b. Livestock c. Fisheries d. SWOT Analysis Extension Systems 6. Issues of Significance 49 6.1 General Issues 6.2 Issues Relevant to Agricultural Research Systems 6.3 Issues Relevant to Agricultural Extension Systems 7. Project Design Elements for addressing the Issues of Significance 57 7.1 General Issues 7.2 Research Component 7.3 Extension Component 8. Social Safeguards 61 8.1 Introducing Social Safeguards 8.2 Legislative Framework 8.3 NATP Social Safeguard Management Framework 8.4 NATP Social Safeguard Management Plan List of Tables Table-1: Regional distribution of population 03 Table-2: Incidence of Headcount Poverty, 1991-92 and 2000 04 Table-3: Poverty by Administrative Divisions 2000 04 Table-4: Pattern of Land Ownership 05 Table-5: Tenancy Pattern 06 Table-6: Crop Area, Total Production and Yield in Bangladesh 06 Table-7 Livestock holdings in Bangladesh, 1996 07 Table-8: Area and Production of Fish by Type of Fisheries 08 Table-9: Cross Country Comparison of Social Indicators 09 Table-10: Gender Differentiated Economic and Social Status 11 Table-11: Village Fedainagar, Patuakhali, 15 years ago and now 15 Table-12: The salient features of five villages 20 Table-13: Districts with concentration of Tribal Population 26 Table-14: List of Stakeholders at the National to Village Levels 27 Table-15: The stakeholders and the major issues and concerns 28 Table-16: Experience of executing projects in the last three decades 30 Table-17: Outcomes against specific objectives of IDA supported agricultural projects 31 Table 18: Agricultural Research Institutes at a glance 40 Table-19 SWOT Analysis of the Research Systems 42 Table-20 SWOT Analysis of Extension Delivery Systems 47 Table 21: Institutional Constraints and Suggested Remedial Measures 59 Table 22: Indicative Screening Matrix in Social Safeguard Management 65 Table 23: Probable Effects and Mitigating Measures 66 Table 24: A tentative List of M&E indicators 69 List of References 71 Abbreviations and Glossaries Acre Unit to measure land, 2.47 acre= 1ha ADB Asian Development Bank Adibasi Indigenous people AFO Assistant Fishery Officer Agr. Agriculture AI Artificial Insemination AIS Agriculture Information Service Aman Crop grown during August-December ARI Agriculture Research Institute ARPI Agriculture Research Project I ART Agricultural and Rural T raining ASSP Agricultural Support Services Project ASIRP Agricultural Services Reform and Innovation Project ATI Agriculture Training Institute Aus Crop grown during April-July BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARD Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Baor Large water bodies, usually abandoned river channels BAU Bangladesh Agricultural University BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Beel Low -lying flood plain area but not as big as haor BEES A local NGO BFDC Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation BFRI Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Bigha Local unit to measure land area, 3 bigha= 1 acre BINA Bangladesh Institute for Nuclear Agriculture BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research Institute BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Borga Sharecropping arrangement between landowner and farmer Boro Crop grown during February-April BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, a Nationa l NGO BRDB Bangladesh Rural Development Board BSRTI Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BS Block Supervisor BSB Bangladesh Sericulture Board BSRI Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board CBO Community Based Organization CERDI Central Extension Resources Development Institute CGP Competitive Grant Program Chasi Peasant CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CIG Common Interest Group DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DANIDA Danish Development Agency DFID Department for International Development of UK i DFIDB Department for International Development of UK Bangladesh Office DLS Department of Livestock Services DOF Department of Fisheries ERP Extension and Research Project FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FEF Field Extension Facility FFP Fourth Fisheries Project FFW Food for Works FINA Farmers Information Needs Assessment FRI Fisheries Research Institute GEF Global Environment Facility GDI Gender Development Index GDP Gross Domestic Product Ghani Animal-driven mustard crusher Ghat Boat landing facility GOB Government of Bangladesh Grihasth Peasant GMO Genetically Modified Organism GUP Gono Unnayan Prochesta, Local NGO HAITI Higher Agricultural In-service Training Institute Haor Low -lying flood plain area remaining under flood water during May-November HDI Human Development Index HORTEX Horticulture Foundation (A Public foundation promoting horticulture export) HYV High Yielding Variety ICT Information Communication Technology IDA International Development Agency IDB Islamic Development Bank IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IPM Integrated Pest Management ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Group Jeepable Local roads good enough for jeep ride CARITAS An NGO KGF Krishi Gobeshona Foundation LEAF Local Extension Agent in Fisheries LGB Local Government LGED Local Government Engineering Department M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDG Millennium Development Goal MFI Micro-finance institution, usually NGOs MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Commerce MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MOFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Monga Crisis months in Northwest Bangladesh when people have no food and no work M & E Monitoring and Evaluation NAEP National Agriculture Extension Policy NAP National Agriculture Policy NARS National Agricultural Research System NATP National Agriculture Technology Project NATPI National Agriculture Technology Project, India NGO Non-Government Organization NW Northwest region of Bangladesh ii PETRRA Poverty Elimination through Rice Research Assistance PCC Problem Census Card PKSF Palli Korma Sohayak Foundation, a public funded foundation helping small local NGOs in operating micro-credit for rur al employment generation in Bangladesh PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PGR Public Goods Research REA Revised Extension Approach RDA Rural Development Academy RDRS Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Services, a National NGO R&D Research and Development SAIP Smallholder Agriculture Improvement Project SAAO Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer SD Social Development SM farmer Small and Marginal Farmer SPGR Sponsored Public Goods Research SRDI Soil Resources Development Institute T & V Training and visit T. Aman Transplant Aman TFR Total Fertility Rate Tk. Taka – local currency of Bangladesh, 1 US $= 68 Taka TOR Terms of reference TTI Technical Training Institute UECC Upazila Extension Coordination Committee UEFT Union Extension Facilitation Team UFO Upazila F ishery Officer UNDP United Nations Development Program UP Union Parishad (Elected local government in rural Bangladesh) Upazila Sub-district: Local administrative unit in Rural Bangladesh VEA Village Extension Agent VGD Vulnerable Group Development VGF Vulnerable Group Feeding VO Village Organization iii Executive Summary 1. Introduction The principal goal of Bangladesh’s economic policy is to reduce poverty. Although considerable progress has been achieved in the fight against poverty, Bangladesh has still long way to go if the millennium development goal (MDG) of reducing poverty to about half of the 1990 level by 2015. This requires annual economic growth rate of 6 to 7 percent on a sustained basis and the bulk of the