Cooks and Samoa Islands Compendium
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Establishing a Holocene Tephrochronology for Western Samoa and Its Implication for the Re-Evaluation of Volcanic Hazards
ESTABLISHING A HOLOCENE TEPHROCHRONOLOGY FOR WESTERN SAMOA AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE RE-EVALUATION OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS by Aleni Fepuleai A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Copyright © 2016 by Aleni Fepuleai School of Geography, Earth Science and Environment Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific August 2016 DECLARATION Statement by Author I, Aleni Fepuleai, declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published, or substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award of any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledge is made in the next. Signature: Date: 01/07/15 Name: Aleni Fepuleai Student ID: s11075361 Statement by Supervisor The research in this thesis was performed under my supervision and to my knowledge is the sole work of Mr Aleni Fepuleai. Signature Date: 01/07/15 Name: Dr Eleanor John Designation: Principal Supervisor ABSTRACT Samoan volcanism is tectonically controlled and is generated by tension-stress activities associated with the sharp bend in the Pacific Plate (Northern Terminus) at the Tonga Trench. The Samoan island chain dominated by a mixture of shield and post-erosional volcanism activities. The closed basin structures of volcanoes such as the Crater Lake Lanoto enable the entrapment and retention of a near-complete sedimentary record, itself recording its eruptive history. Crater Lanoto is characterised as a compound monogenetic and short-term volcano. A high proportion of primary tephra components were found in a core extracted from Crater Lake Lanoto show that Crater Lanoto erupted four times (tephra bed-1, 2, 3, and 4). -
Samoa Socio-Economic Atlas 2011
SAMOA SOCIO-ECONOMIC ATLAS 2011 Copyright (c) Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) 2011 CONTACTS Telephone: (685) 62000/21373 Samoa Socio Economic ATLAS 2011 Facsimile: (685) 24675 Email: [email protected] by Website: www.sbs.gov.ws Postal Address: Samoa Bureau of Statistics The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) PO BOX 1151 Apia Samoa National University of Samoa Library CIP entry Samoa socio economic ATLAS 2011 / by The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS). -- Apia, Samoa : Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Government of Samoa, 2011. 76 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Disclaimer: This publication is a product of the Division of Census-Surveys & Demography, ISBN 978 982 9003 66 9 Samoa Bureau of Statistics. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions 1. Census districts – Samoa – maps. 2. Election districts – Samoa – expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of any funding or census. 3. Election districts – Samoa – statistics. 4. Samoa – census. technical agencies involved in the census. The boundaries and other information I. Census-Surveys and Demography Division of SBS. shown on the maps are only imaginary census boundaries but do not imply any legal status of traditional village and district boundaries. Sam 912.9614 Sam DDC 22. Published by The Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Govt. of Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 2015. Overview Map SAMOA 1 Table of Contents Map 3.4: Tertiary level qualification (Post-secondary certificate, diploma, Overview Map ................................................................................................... 1 degree/higher) by district, 2011 ................................................................... 26 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 Map 3.5: Population 15 years and over with knowledge in traditional tattooing by district, 2011 ........................................................................... -
MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa
Supplementary Materials (SM) MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa Sasan Rabieh 1,*, Odmaa Bayaraa 2, Emarosa Romeo 3, Patila Amosa 4, Khemet Calnek 1, Youssef Idaghdour 2, Michael A. Ochsenkühn 5, Shady A. Amin 5, Gary Goldstein 6 and Timothy G. Bromage 1,7,* 1 Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (K.C.) 2 Environmental Genomics Lab, Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (O.B.); [email protected] (Y.I.) 3 Hydrology Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Level 3, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Building (TATTE), Sogi., P.O. Private Bag, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (E.R.) 4 Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa, PO Box 1622, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (P.A.) 5 Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (M.A.O.); [email protected] (S.A.A.) 6 College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (G.G.) 7 Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (T.G.B.); Tel.: +1-212-998-9638 (S.R.); +1- 212-998-9597 (T.G.B.) Academic Editors: Zikri Arslan and Michael Bolshov Received: 16 August 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: date Table S1. -
Aufaigaluega Ofisa I Lalovaea: 1
FAATULAGAGA AUFAIGALUEGA MISIONA SAMOA & TOKELAU MO LE 2021: AUFAIGALUEGA OFISA I LALOVAEA: 1. Pr Sione Ausage Peresetene, Galuega a Faifeau, Tausimea, Saolotoga o Tapuaiga, Faatonu Faatutuina Lotu Fou 2. Pr Neru Nuuialii Failautusi, Faatonu Auaunaga mo Aiga, Fesootaiga, TV & Leitio, Faamautuina o Fanua & Eleele o le Ekalesia 3. Mr Benjamin Tofilau Teutupe, Faatonu Soifua Maloloina, Meatotino Ekalesia, Atinae ma Faatoaga o le Ekalesia 4. Pr Tino Okesene Faatonu Autalavou, Kalapu Suela & Kalapu Suesueala 5. Pr David Afamasaga Faatonu Aoga Sapati & Galuega Faamisionare 6. Mrs Pelenatete Siaki Faatonu Tinā & Tamaitai & Aoga Sapati Fanau 7. Mrs Su”a Julia Wallwork Faatonu ADRA Samoa 8. Mrs I’o Lindsay Faatonu Fale Tusi & Fale Lomitusi 9. Mrs Soonafai Toeaso Faatonu Evagelia o Lomiga & Taitai Talosaga Misiona 10. __________________ Failautusi Taitaiga, Fesootaiga, Ofisa Femalagaiga 11. Peleiupu Key Failautusi o Matagaluega & Tali Telefoni 12. Maryanne Suisala Tausi Tusi Sinia & Fesoasoani Fale Tusi 13. Emmanuel Kalau Tausi Tusi Lagolago & IT 14. _________________ Tausi Tusi Lagolago 15. Mizpa Soloa Tali Tupe UPOLU – FAIFEAU MO EKALESIA: SUAFA NUU/EKALESIA 1. Pr Olive Tivalu Dean Apia, Taitai Motu Upolu, Faaliliu & Pepa o le Tala Moni 2. Bro Evander Tuaifaiva Immanuel, Faifeau Aoga SAC & Faifeau TV 3. Pr David Afamasaga Vaitele-uta & Vaitele-fou 4. Pr Tino Okesene Alafua & Vaiusu 5. Pr Taei Siaki Siusega, Falelauniu & Nuu 6. Pr Neru Nuuialii Tiapapata 7. Pr Sione Ausage Magiagi 8. Pr. Mose Hurrell Vailele, Laulii, Fagalii 9. Pr Orion Savea Vailoa & Fusi 10. Bro Esera Luteru Saleaaumua & Aufaga 11. Pr Sagele Moi Tipasa Kosena, Saleapaga & Faifeau mo Faatalaiga 12. Pr Lasi Nai Sapunaoa & Togitogiga 13. -
Samoa, 2017/2018
DENGUE SEROTYPE 2 OUTBREAK IN SAMOA, 2017/2018. Ministry of Health SITREP nO.9 18th March 2018 Outbreak overview. The situational analysis of the dengue fever outbreak in Samoa as shown in the graph below portrays a continual decrease in the number of cases over the past 10 weeks. The cumulative total as of March 18th is 3,255 with a national attack rate of 16.6 per 1,000 population. Dengue fever continues to spread geographically mostly in the Apia Urban and North West Upolu regions. Majority of those af- fected are 5 - 9 year olds which makes up 31% of the total cases. There has not been any dengue related deaths reported hence the total dengue-related mortality remains at 5. Dengue case definition: An acute fever with any two of the following signs and symptoms: joint & muscle pains; maculo- pappular rash; severe headaches; nausea & vomiting; pains behind the eyes; bleeding and leucopenia. Time: dengue epi-curve Person: age group & sex Sex No of Cases % Female 1570 48% Male 1685 52% Total 3255 100% Control measures continues... SOURCE REDUCTION remains highly recommended for control of mosquito breeding sites during this rainy season. Other usual prevention methods to avoid illness is also advised. An integrated response has seen communities and organizations work with MOH to use chemical spraying in their respective locations. MOH Samoa continues to advocate and implement control measures for mosquito–borne diseases. Grassroots groups involved in vector control are mobilizing the affected communities to actively participate in source reduction and clean-up campaigns. Vector surveillance and control efforts continue. -
Sāmoa’S Development As a ‘Nation’
Folauga mo A’oa’oga: Migration for education and its impact on Sāmoa’s development as a ‘nation’ The stories of 18 Samoan research participants who migrated for education, and the impact their journeys have made on the development of Sāmoa. BY Avataeao Junior Ulu A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2018 Acknowledgements E mamalu oe le Ali’i, maualuga le mea e te afio ai. Ia fa’ane’ene’eina oe le tolu tasi paia. O oe o le Atua fai vavega, le Atua o fa’amalologa, le Atua tali mana’o. Fa’afetai mo lau ta’ita’iga i lenei folauga. Ia fa’aaogaina lo’u tagata e fa’alauteleina ai lou Suafa mamana i le lalolagi. This research would not have been possible without the contributions of my 18 research participants: Aloali’i Viliamu, Aida Sāvea, Cam Wendt, Falefata Hele Ei Matatia & Phillippa Te Hira - Matatia, HE Hinauri Petana, Honiara Salanoa (aka Queen Victoria), Ps Latu Sauluitoga Kupa & Ps Temukisa Kupa, Ps Laumata Pauline Mulitalo, Maiava Iosefa Maiava & Aopapa Maiava, Malae Aloali’i, Papali’i Momoe Malietoa – von Reiche, Nynette Sass, Onosefulu Fuata’i, Sa’ilele Pomare, and Saui’a Dr Louise Marie Tuiomanuolo Mataia-Milo. Each of your respective stories of the challenges you faced while undertaking studies abroad is inspirational. I am humbled that you entrusted me with these rich stories and the generosity with your time. Sāmoa as a ‘nation’ is stronger because of you, continue doing great things for the pearl of Polynesia. -
WT/TPR/S/386/Rev.1 21 June 2019 (19-4218) Page
WT/TPR/S/386/Rev.1 21 June 2019 (19-4218) Page: 1/83 Trade Policy Review Body TRADE POLICY REVIEW REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT SAMOA Revision This report, prepared for the first Trade Policy Review of Samoa, has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility. The Secretariat has, as required by the Agreement establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), sought clarification from Samoa on its trade policies and practices. Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Masahiro Hayafuji (Tel: 022 739 5873); Thomas Friedheim (Tel: 022 739 5083) and Michael Kolie (Tel: 022 739 5931). Document WT/TPR/G/386 contains the policy statement submitted by Samoa. Note: This report was drafted in English. WT/TPR/S/386/Rev.1 • Samoa - 2 - CONTENTS SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 6 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 10 1.1 Main Features of the Economy ................................................................................... 10 1.2 Recent Economic Developments ................................................................................. 12 1.3 Developments in Trade and Investment ...................................................................... 15 1.3.1 Trends and patterns in merchandise and services trade ............................................. -
Aleipata Itupa I Luga District Interventions
Community Integrated Management Plan Aleipata-Itupa I Luga - Upolu Implementation Guidelines 2018 COMMUNITY INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES Foreword It is with great pleasure that I present the new Community Integrated Management (CIM) Plans, formerly known as Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plans. The revised CIM Plans recognizes the change in approach since the first set of fifteen CIM Plans were developed from 2002-2003 under the World Bank funded Infrastructure Asset Management Project (IAMP) , and from 2004-2007 for the remaining 26 districts, under the Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management (SIAM) Project. With a broader geographic scope well beyond the coastal environment, the revised CIM Plans now cover all areas from the ridge-to-reef, and includes the thematic areas of not only infrastructure, but also the environment and biological resources, as well as livelihood sources and governance. The CIM Strategy, from which the CIM Plans were derived from, was revised in August 2015 to reflect the new expanded approach and it emphasizes the whole of government approach for planning and implementation, taking into consideration an integrated ecosystem based adaptation approach and the ridge to reef concept. The timeframe for implementation and review has also expanded from five years to ten years as most of the solutions proposed in the CIM Plan may take several years to realize. The CIM Plans is envisaged as the blueprint for climate change interventions across all development sectors – reflecting the programmatic approach to climate resilience adaptation taken by the Government of Samoa. The proposed interventions outlined in the CIM Plans are also linked to the Strategy for the Development of Samoa 2016/17 – 2019/20 and the relevant ministry sector plans. -
Umufonotalatalaga Ma Faiā'oga Samoa – Navigating Samoan
Umufonotalatalaga ma faiā‘oga Samoa – Navigating Samoan teachers’ experiences in classroom behaviour management. by Niusila Faamanatu - Eteuati A thesis submitted to Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Psychology (2020) 1 ABSTRACT This qualitative research study explored Samoan teachers’ experiences of classroom behaviour management in the context of Samoan secondary schools. As Pacific teachers of the 21st century, we are encouraged to be resilient and culturally sustaining, which are aspects of the transformative rethinking process, to ensure an inclusive learning environment that is culturally relevant for all students despite their differences (Koya Vaka’uta, 2016; Nabobo-Baba, 2006; Reynold, 2019; Sanga, 2002; Thaman 2009). Data were collected using a culturally specific Samoan methodological approach termed ‘umufonotalatalaga’ - a deep dialogue in the Samoan way which acknowledges respectful relations. Eight case studies of Samoan teachers, all of whom had been teaching for 5 to 30 years in colleges and secondary schools around the country, offered insight into teachers’ worldviews of their classroom teaching experiences. Adapting Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) socio ecological systems theory as a theoretical framework, the study investigated how the multifaceted currents of Samoan cultural practices guided the teachers’ experiences of classroom behaviour management. The findings revealed that participants strongly valued the Samoan culture, spirituality, tupu’aga (heritage) and faasinomaga (identity) as positive and empowering factors in which to situate CBM. The findings allowed the researcher to create a new model termed ‘matāmatagi’ – the centre of the wind – which provides a foundation for culturally sustaining pedagogies. The model could be used as a restorative cultural approach to mediate individual Samoan teacher/student experiences of classroom behaviour and management. -
The Case of Samoa
GeoHazards Article Multiscale Quantification of Tsunami Hazard Exposure in a Pacific Small Island Developing State: The Case of Samoa Shaun Williams 1,* , Ryan Paulik 1 , Rebecca Weaving 2,3, Cyprien Bosserelle 1 , Josephina Chan Ting 4, Kieron Wall 1 , Titimanu Simi 5 and Finn Scheele 6 1 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (K.W.) 2 School of Geography, Environment and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, UK; [email protected] 3 Ascot Underwriting Ltd., London EC3M 3BY, UK 4 Disaster Management Office, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Apia WS1339, Western Samoa; [email protected] 5 Project Unit, Samoa Green Climate Fund Project, Ministry of Finance, Apia WS1339, Western Samoa; [email protected] 6 GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study presents a scenario-based approach for identifying and comparing tsunami exposure across different sociopolitical scales. In Samoa, a country with a high threat to local tsunamis, we apply scenarios for the 2009 South Pacific tsunami inundation at different grid resolutions (50 and 10 m) to quantify building and road exposure at the national, district and village levels. We Citation: Williams, S.; Paulik, R.; show that while the coarser 50 m model is adequate for use in the rapid identification of exposure Weaving, R.; Bosserelle, C.; Chan at the national and district levels, it can overestimate exposure by up to three times more at the Ting, J.; Wall, K.; Simi, T.; Scheele, F. -
O Feosofa'iga O Le Vā: Samoan Women Negotiating Vā Relations in And
O Feosofa’iga o le vā O FEOSOFA’IGA O LE VĀ: SAMOAN WOMEN NEGOTIATING VĀ RELATIONS IN AND AROUND AN ART CENTRE IN RURAL SAMOA Aanoalii Rowena Fuluifaga A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Philosophy 2 O Feosofa’iga o le vā TABLE OF CONTENTS O feosofa’iga o le vā: Samoan women negotiating vā relations in and around an art centre in rural Samoa ....................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 7 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 10 1. Amataga: Introduction ................................................................................. 12 1.1. Uiga autū: Background ................................................................................... 12 1.2. Historical context of site | Poutasi nu’u .......................................................... 17 1.3. Contribution of Research and Questions ......................................................... 22 1.4. Positioning of the Researcher | Fa’asinomaga................................................. 23 1.5. Glossary and key terms | Upu ma uigā............................................................ 27 1.6. Overview structure of thesis.......................................................................... -
O Le Fa'afanua O Le Itumalo O Lepā I
NUMERA O LE PUSAMELI-1151 NUMERA O LE TELEFONI Fogafale 1 & 2 FMFM II, (685)62000/21373 Matagialalua NUMERA O LE FAX (685)24675 MAOTA O LE MALO [email protected] APIA Upega tafailagi-www.sbs.gov.ws SAMOA O le fa’afanua o le Itumalo o Lepā i totonu o Upolu FA’AMAUMAUGA MA FA’AMATALAGA O LE ITUMALO O LEPĀ 17 Tesema, 2018 Fa’amaumauga ma Fa’amatalaga o le Itumalo o Lepa 1 Fa’amaumauga ma Fa’amatalaga o le Itumalo o Lepa 2 FA’ATOMUAGA O le līpoti muamua lenei ua tu’ufa’atasia ai nisi o fa’amatalaga ma fa’amaumauga ua filifilia mo Itumalo e 47 i totonu o Sāmoa. O nei fa’amaumauga na mafai ona aoina mai le Tusigāigoa o Tagata ma Fale 2016. O fa’amatalaga olo’o i totonu o lenei līpoti e aofia ai le Vaega 1: Fa’amaumauga i le Faitau Aofa’i o tagata e pei ona taua i lalo Faitau aofa’i o tagata mai tusigāigoa e fā talu ai, Fa’amaumauga o ali’i ma tama’ita’i, Tausaga o tagata, Tulaga tau a’oa’oga, Galuega fa’atino ma Tulaga Tau Tapuaiga. Vaega 2: Fa’amaumauga o Auāiga ma au’au’naga na ‘ausia e pei ona tāua atu i lalo Aofa’iga o Auāiga, Auaunaga o moli eletise, Auaunaga o suāvai, Fa’avelaina o mea’ai taumafa, Auāiga ua maua pusa ‘aisa Feso’ota’iga i telefoni, leitiō ma televise Auāiga ua maua ta’avale afi Auaunaga o lapisi lafoa’i Ituaiga faleui Vaega 3: Siata mo fa’amaumauga o afio’aga ta’itasi i totonu o Itumalo Vaega 4: Pepa fesili o le Tusigaigoa o Tagata ma Fale 2016 Fa’amoemoe o lea aoga lenei līpoti mo le atina’e o Itumalo ma afioaga uma o le atunu’u.