Early Childhood Development in Samoa Baseline Results from the Samoan Early Human Capability Index

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT IN SAMOA BASELINE RESULTS FROM THE SAMOAN EARLY HUMAN CAPABILITY INDEX Sally Brinkman Alanna Sincovich Public Disclosure Authorized Binh Thanh Vu 2017 EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT IN SAMOA BASELINE RESULTS FROM THE SAMOAN EARLY HUMAN CAPABILITY INDEX Sally Brinkman Alanna Sincovich Binh Thanh Vu 2017 Report No: AUS0000129 © 2017 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2017. Early Childhood Development in Samoa: Baseline results from the Samoan Early Human Capability Index. © World Bank.” All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Source: The World Bank CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY �� 8 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 10 Country Context 10 The Pacific Early Age Readiness and Learning Program 11 Samoa PEARL 12 PART TWO: THE IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Early Childhood Development 13 The Importance of Measuring Early Childhood Development 13 The Early Human Capability Index 14 Development of the Samoan Early Human Capability Index 15 PART THREE: IMPLEMENTING THE SAMOAN EARLY HUMAN CAPABILITY INDEX . 18 Enumerator training 18 Data collection processes 18 Data quality control 19 PART FOUR: THE STATUS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT ........................ 21 Sample Characteristics 21 SEHCI Descriptive Results 21 The influence of social and demographic factors on child development 23 Child development by gender 23 Child development by age 24 Child development by caregiver’s education 25 Child development by geographical location 25 The influence of stimulation in the home environment on child development 26 The influence of preschool attendance on child development 31 Which factors have the strongest relationship with child development? 35 PART FIVE: DATA DISSEMINATION ............................................................................... 36 Geographical Mapping 36 Data dissemination 36 PART SIX: CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................. 39 APPENDIX A - Back-Translated Samoan Versions (teacher and parent completed) of the EHCI �� 40 APPENDIX B - Geographically Mapped Results of SEHCI Domains............................... 53 REFERENCES �� 79 2 TABLES Table 2 Sample characteristics ......................................................................................... 21 Table 3 Developmental domains descriptive results........................................................ 22 Table 4 Child development by gender ............................................................................. 24 Table 5 Child development by age �� 24 Table 6 Child development by caregiver’s education �� 25 Table 7 Child development by island �� 25 Table 8 Relationship between reading in the home environment and child development 29 Table 9 Relationship between telling stories in the home environment and child development .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Table 10 Relationship between singing songs in the home environment and child development �� 30 Table 11 Relationship between taking the child outside the home and child development .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Table 12 Relationship between playing in the home environment and child development .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Table 13 Relationship between naming, counting and drawing in the home environment and child development...................................................................................................... 31 Table 14 Relationship between preschool attendance and child development outcomes .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 15 Strongest predictors of child development ......................................................... 35 3 FIGURES Table 1 Samoan early Human Capability Index Questionnaire Items �� 16 Figure 1 Average child development scores for all children ............................................ 22 Figure 2 Children’s overall development by age, gender, geography and caregiver’s education �� 23 Figure 3 Caregiver education by island ............................................................................ 26 Figure 4 Caregiver’s participation in home learning activities over the last 3 days .......... 26 Figure 5 Caregiver’s total participation in home learning activities over the last 3 days . 27 Figure 6 Home learning activities by caregiver’s education ............................................ 27 Figure 7 Home learning activities by island ...................................................................... 28 Figure 8 Relationship between home learning activities and overall child development . 29 Figure 9 Preschool attendance by child’s gender and age �� 32 Figure 10 Preschool attendance by island ...................................................................... 32 Figure 11 Preschool attendance by child caregiver’s education ...................................... 33 Figure 12 Relationship between preschool attendance and child development outcomes .......................................................................................................................................... 34 PHOTOS Photo 1 Enumerators headed to collect data in Savai’i .................................................... 19 Photo 2 Children waiting to be weighed and measured in Savai’i �� 19 Photo 3 Community meetings in Upolu ........................................................................... 37 Photo 4 Community meetings in Savai’i �� 38 4 MAPS Savai’i Overall Development ............................................................................................ 53 Upolu Overall Development.............................................................................................. 54 Overall development by village and percentage in stimulating home by district (Apia) .... 55 Overall development by village and percentage in stimulating home by district (Savai’i Island) ............................................................................................................................... 56 Overall development by village and percentage in stimulating home by district (Savai’i Urban Island) �� 57 Overall development by village and percentage in stimulating home by district (Upolu Island) ............................................................................................................................... 58 Overall development by village

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