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O Feosofa'iga O Le Vā: Samoan Women Negotiating Vā Relations in And

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O Feosofa'iga O Le Vā: Samoan Women Negotiating Vā Relations in And O Feosofa’iga o le vā O FEOSOFA’IGA O LE VĀ: SAMOAN WOMEN NEGOTIATING VĀ RELATIONS IN AND AROUND AN ART CENTRE IN RURAL SAMOA Aanoalii Rowena Fuluifaga A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Philosophy 2 O Feosofa’iga o le vā TABLE OF CONTENTS O feosofa’iga o le vā: Samoan women negotiating vā relations in and around an art centre in rural Samoa ....................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 7 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 10 1. Amataga: Introduction ................................................................................. 12 1.1. Uiga autū: Background ................................................................................... 12 1.2. Historical context of site | Poutasi nu’u .......................................................... 17 1.3. Contribution of Research and Questions ......................................................... 22 1.4. Positioning of the Researcher | Fa’asinomaga................................................. 23 1.5. Glossary and key terms | Upu ma uigā............................................................ 27 1.6. Overview structure of thesis........................................................................... 30 1.7. Summary of Chapter 1 ................................................................................... 31 2. Literature Review ........................................................................................ 33 2.1. Introduction and Structure of Literature ......................................................... 33 2.2. Historical Overview ........................................................................................ 36 2.2.1. Pacific worldviews and Diasporic Worldviews ............................................... 38 2.2.2. Indigenous ways of approach and thinking ................................................... 39 2.2.3. Fa’asinomaga and Identities .......................................................................... 40 2.2.4. Spatial Orientation and Boundaries ............................................................... 43 2.2.5. Oceanic vā of Samoa and New Zealand ......................................................... 45 2.2.6. Frameworks and Approaches ........................................................................ 46 2.2.7 Methods ......................................................................................................... 47 2.3. Village Histories and Structure ....................................................................... 49 2.3.1. Key participants and Informants .................................................................... 50 2.3.2. Gender Status and hierarchical structures .................................................... 52 2.3.1. Gaps in Literature ........................................................................................... 53 2.4. Analysing the Review ..................................................................................... 53 2.5. Summary of Literature Review ....................................................................... 54 3. Su’ifefiloi ‘Ula Research Design .................................................................... 57 3.1. The nature of the inquiry ............................................................................... 57 3.1. Analysis, Frameworks and Methods ............................................................... 59 3.2. Decolonising the research design: a diasporic worldview ................................ 60 3.3. Epistemology of Su’ifefiloi ula ........................................................................ 67 3.4. Su’ifefiloi Ula | Objectives and Limitations ..................................................... 70 3.5. Research Method of Talanoa .......................................................................... 72 3.6. Research Method of Participatory Observation ............................................... 74 3.7. Research Method of Semi-structured interviews ............................................. 77 3.8. Role of researcher .......................................................................................... 78 3.9. Context of Study ............................................................................................ 78 3.10. Participants and inclusion .............................................................................. 79 3.10.1. Ethical considerations .................................................................................... 80 3.10.2. Participant information .................................................................................. 80 3.11. Summary of Research design .......................................................................... 82 4. Fale Lalaga Data Analysis ............................................................................. 84 3 O Feosofa’iga o le vā 4.1. Introduction to Data Analysis ......................................................................... 84 4.2. Negotiated Women’s Spaces and Structure .................................................... 89 4.2.1. Social and Public negotiated spaces .............................................................. 95 4.3. Vā fealoaloai : vs Physical Social Space ......................................................... 104 4.3.1. Va o Tamaitai ma le Arts centre ................................................................... 108 4.4. Spatial awareness and Proximity .................................................................. 111 4.5. Fourth set of questions – Fale Tusi ata .......................................................... 116 4.5.1. Teu as a negotiated foundation ................................................................... 120 4.6. Aspirations of the individual vs collective through their making .................... 121 4.7. Summary | Exposition of an ‘ula su’i ............................................................. 121 5. Sui Sui ie elei Conclusion ............................................................................ 123 5.1. Summary of Findings and Chapter Summaries and Discussions ..................... 127 5.2. Scope of Research ........................................................................................ 128 5.3. Open Questions for Future Research ............................................................ 128 6. Appendix Table .......................................................................................... 130 6.1. INFORMATION SHEET FOR PARTICIPANTS..................................................... 130 6.2. ETHICS APPROVAL LETTER FOR RESEARCH .................................................... 130 6.3. CONSENT FORMS FOR PARTICIPANTS ........................................................... 130 6.4. TRANSCRIBER AND TYPIST AGREEMENT ....................................................... 130 6.5. .................................................................................................................... 132 7. Bibliography .............................................................................................. 136 4 O Feosofa’iga o le vā LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Tama’itai ole art centre : Image credit Charmaine Powell, 2013 .................. 13 Figure 2 Screen shot of documentary; school extension south end of building identified as proposed art centre 2012. ............................................................... 15 Figure 3 Students working with local carvers erecting Pou for a wayfinding project in Poutasi (2014) ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 4 (Plate) Atua district comprising the eastern third of Upolu Island (1924), Williamson, R.W. .................................................................................................. 17 Figure 5 Reprinted from Tamaitai Samoa: Their Stories (p 5), by P.Fairbairn-Dunlop, 1998, USP, Suva. Copyright (2009) by P.Fairbairn-Dunlop. Reprinted with permission. ........................................................................................................... 21 Figure 6 Su'ifefiloi 'ula framework diagram. Illustration: A. Fuluifaga (2017). ............. 58 Figure 7 Poutasi drawing showing spatial shifts in boundaries, and the arts centre. Illustration: A. Fuluifaga, 2016.............................................................................. 86 Figure 8 Original aerial image of Poutasi village. Photograph: Venusi Taumoepeau. 87 Figure 9 Poutasi Catholic Church Mother’s Day Service, 2016. Photograph: A. Fuluifaga ............................................................................................................. 102 Figure 10 Overview of the layout of the arts centre in proximity to surrounding structures and spaces. Illustration: A. Fuluifaga, 2016. ...................................... 109 5 O Feosofa’iga o le vā ATTESTATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person (except where explicitly defined in the acknowledgements), nor material
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